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Academic literature on the topic 'Riwia'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Riwia"

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Indik, ZK, JG Park, S. Hunter, and AD Schreiber. "The molecular dissection of Fc gamma receptor mediated phagocytosis." Blood 86, no. 12 (December 15, 1995): 4389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.12.4389.bloodjournal86124389.

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Because hematopoietic cells express multiple Fc gamma receptor isoforms, the role of the individual Fc gamma receptors in phagocytosis has been difficult to define. Transfection of Fc gamma receptors into COS-1 cells, which lack endogeneous Fc gamma receptors but have phagocytic potential, has proved valuable for the study of individual Fc gamma receptor function. Using this model system, we have established that a single class of human Fc gamma receptor mediates phagocytosis in the absence of other Fc receptors and that isoforms from each Fc gamma receptor class mediate phagocytosis, although the requirements for phagocytosis differ. In investigating the relationship between structure and function for Fc gamma receptor mediated phagocytosis, the importance of the cytoplasmic tyrosines of the receptor or its associated gamma chain has been established. For example, two cytoplasmic YXXL sequences, in a configuration similar to the conserved tyrosine-containing motif found in Ig gene family receptors, are important for phagocytosis by the human Fc gamma receptor, Fc gamma RIIA. Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RIIIA do not possess cytoplasmic tyrosines but transmit a phagocytic signal through interaction with an associated gamma subunit that contains two YXXL sequences in a conserved motif required for phagocytosis. The human Fc gamma RII isoforms Fc gamma RIIB1 and Fc gamma RIIB2 do not induce phagocytosis and have only a single YXXL sequence. Cross-linking the phagocytic Fc gamma receptors induces tyrosine phosphorylation of either Fc gamma RIIA or the gamma chain, and treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduces both phagocytosis and phosphorylation of the receptor tyrosine residues. Activation of protein tyrosine kinases follows Fc gamma receptor engagement of IgG-coated cells. The data indicate that coexpression of the protein tyrosine kinase Syk, which is associated with the gamma chain in monocytes/macrophages, is important for phagocytosis mediated by Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RIIIA. Furthermore, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase is required for phagocytosis mediated by Fc gamma RIIA as well as for phagocytosis mediated by Fc gamma RI/gamma and Rc gamma RIIIA/gamma.
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Weng, Wen-Kai, Jeffrey Stavenhagen, Scott Koenig, and Ronald Levy. "Rituximab Variants with Re-Engineered Fc with Higher Affinity to Activating Fcγ R Eliminate the Functional Difference between Fcγ R Genotypes." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.347.347.

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Abstract We and others have found that IgG Fc receptor, Fcγ RIIIa Valine/Valine (V/V) and Fcγ RIIa Histidine/Histidine (H/H) genotypes predicted the response to rituximab in follicular lymphoma patients probably due to their higher affinity to the constant region (Fc) of rituximab during antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Patients with low affinity Fcγ RIIIa Phenylalanine (F) carrier (V/F and F/F) and Fcγ RIIa Arginine (R) carrier (H/R and R/R) have much lower chance to respond to rituximab and have a brief remission when they responded. This observation implicates the interaction between the Fc of rituximab and Fcγ R on effectors (NK cells and macrophages) as a determinant for clinical response. Therefore, it may be possible to re-engineer the Fc of rituximab to increase its affinity to Fcγ R and thereby to enhance the antibody’s ability to mediate ADCC and to improve its clinical efficacy. Rituximab variants with re-engineered Fc were generated by MacroGenics. Single amino acid substitutions with increased affinity to different Fcγ R alleles were identified by screening a yeast library containing randomly mutated Fc. Further re-engineering was accomplished by combining multiple amino acid substitutions within both the Fcγ R-binding CH2 and the conformational CH3 domains of the Fc to further improve their affinity. We have tested 12 such variants for their ability to mediate ADCC against primary follicular lymphoma targets. Three variants (4, 10, 12) showed significant enhancement in ADCC compared to rituximab, using effector cells of V/V genotype. We then tested whether the enhancement of ADCC applies to effectors of different Fcγ RIIIa genotypes. In one experiment, at a 30:1 effector/target ratio, specific ADCC lysis for rituximab, Variant 6 (a modest enhancer) and Variant 10 (a strong enhancer) were 37%, 50% and 66%, respectively, with V/V effectors and 23%, 36% and 65%, respectively, with F/F effectors. Thus, enhancement of ADCC by these variants applied to effectors of both high (V/V) and low (F/F) affinity Fcγ Rs. In one case, Variant 10, enhancement of ADCC with effctors of low affinity Fcγ R, brought its activity up to that of effectors with the high affinity Fcγ R. We further examined the ability of these variants to engage and internalize the Fcγ R on NK cells as a measure of primary engagement of Fcγ R. Rituximab-coated tumor cells reduced the surface Fcγ RIIIa on NK cells of V/V genotype by 78% determined by flow cytometric analysis. By comparison, Variant 6 down-regulated surface Fcγ RIIIa by 84% and Variant 10 by 88%. For NK cells of F/F genotype, rituximab down-regulated surface Fcγ RIIIa by 32%, Variant 6 by 64% and Variant 10 by 68%. This result confirmed that two rituximab variants were more effective in interacting with effectors of both high and low affinity Fcγ Rs. This study has demonstrated that several rituximab variants with re-engineered Fc showed increased interaction with Fcγ R on effectors and mediated ADCC more effectively than rituximab even with effectors of low affinity Fcγ R genotypes. These rituximab variants may prove to be more effective therapeutic anti-CD20 antibodies than rituximab, especially for patients with low affinity Fcγ Rs. Figure Figure
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Meisel, P., LE Carlsson, H. Sawaf, J. Fanghaenel, A. Greinacher, and T. Kocher. "Polymorphisms of Fcγ-receptors RIIa, RIIIa, and RIIIb in patients with adult periodontal diseases." Genes & Immunity 2, no. 5 (August 2001): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6363777.

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Ahlgrimm, Manfred, Evi Regitz, Klaus-Dieter Preuss, Sandra Grass, Viola Poeschel, Markus Kreuz, and Michael Pfreundschuh. "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of FCγRIIA and FCγRIIIA in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Have No Impact On Treatment Outcome of Elderly Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) Treated with CHOP with and without Rituximab: Results From the RICOVER-60 Trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymhoma Study Group (DSHNHL)." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 3956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3956.3956.

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Abstract Abstract 3956 Poster Board III-892 BACKGROUND During the last decade the outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has significantly improved by the addition of rituximab (R) to the standard chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP). Despite this improvement in response rates, event- progression and overall survival, about one third of the patients with DLBCL will eventually fail. The main therapeutic efficacy of rituximab is not fully elucidated. One major effector mechanism is by antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by cell-bound rituximab via its FCg part that activates effector cells by binding to their Fcg receptor (FCγR). Three classes and eight subclasses of FCγR have been described. SNPs have been detected for FcgRIIA at amino acid position (AA) 131 where histidin is substituted by arginin (131 R/H) and for FCγRIIIA at position 158, where phenylalanine is substituted by valine (158 V/F). These SNPs have an increased affinity to Fcg and induce a stronger ADCC which explains better responses to rituximab treatment in follicular lymphoma. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of FCγRIIA and FCγRIIIA SNPs on the outcome R-CHOP chemotherapy in elderly patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the RICOVER-60 therapy study 1222 elderly patients (aged 61-80 years) were randomly assigned to 6 or 8 cycles of CHOP, both with or without rituximab (Pfreundschuh et al., Lancet Oncology 2008). The control group (n=100) consisted of anonymous healthy blood donors of Saarland University Institute of Transfusion Medicine. Available for this study were peripheral blood samples from 570 patients who were representative for the entire RICOVER-60 population. The 2 FCgR SNPs FCγ-RIIa AA 131 R/H and FCγ-RIIIa 158 V/F were determined and univariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for the IPI-relevant risk factors (LDH, ECOG performance status, advanced stage and >1 extranodal involvement) were performed for the entire study population and separately for patients receiving or not receiving rituximab. RESULTS Frequencies of FCγ-RIIa and FCγ-RIIIa polymorphisms were not different in healthy controls compared to DLBCL patients. In our statistical analyses finaly 512 patients were included. The characteristic for the groups were for group 1 (6x CHOP-14) 127 patients (24.8%), for group 2 (8x CHOP-14) 122 patients (23.83%), for group 3 (6x CHOP-14+8x rituximab) 124 patients (24.22%) and for group 4 (8x CHOP-14 + 8x rituximab) 139 patients (27.15%) [fisher test (included vs excluded): p=0.4691]. The median age at admission was the same for included and excluded patients. The gender characteristics for the included patients were well balanced [fisher test (included vs excluded): p=1.0000]. The median observation time for the included vs. excluded patients was 40.25 months vs. 34.50 months. This verification shows that the collective of included patients represents the whole RICOVER-60 population. Statistical analyses of overall survival, 3 year event-free survival and 3 year overall-survival were done for the complete RICOVER-60 population. 3-year event-free survival was 47.2% after six cycles of CHOP-14 (95% CI 41.2-53.3), 53.0% (47.0-59.1) after eight cycles of CHOP-14, 66.5% (60.9-72.0) after six cycles of R-CHOP-14, and 63.1% (57.4-68.8) after eight cycles of R-CHOP-14. 3-year overall survival was 67.7% (62.0-73.5) for six cycles of CHOP-14, 66.0% (60.1-71.9) for eight cycles of CHOP-14, 78.1% (73.2-83.0) for six cycles of R-CHOP-14, and 72.5% (67.1-77.9) for eight cycles of R-CHOP-14. Compared with treatment with six cycles of CHOP-14, overall survival improved by -1.7% (-10.0-6.6) after eight cycles of CHOP-14, 10.4% (2.8-18.0) after six cycles of R-CHOP-14, and 4.8% (-3.1-12.7) after eight cycles of R-CHOP-14. In summary, event-free, progression free, overall survival and complete remission rates were not different among patients with FCγ-RIIa (AA 131R/H) and FCγ-RIIIa (AA 158 V/F) SNPs, irrespective of whether the entire RICOVER-60 population was analysed or when patients treated with and without rituximab were analysed separately. CONCLUSIONS FCγ-RIIa and FCγ-RIIIa SNPs have no influence on the outcome of patients treated with CHOP-14 with or without rituximab. Therefore, modifications of schedule and dose of rituximab according to the underlying FCγ-R SNPs are not justified. Supported by a HOMFOR grant of Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany Disclosures: Pfreundschuh: Roche MabThera Advisory Board: Consultancy, Honoraria.
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Matsuda, M., J. G. Park, D. C. Wang, S. Hunter, P. Chien, and A. D. Schreiber. "Abrogation of the Fc gamma receptor IIA-mediated phagocytic signal by stem-loop Syk antisense oligonucleotides." Molecular Biology of the Cell 7, no. 7 (July 1996): 1095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.7.7.1095.

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The role of Syk kinase in Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R) IIA-mediated phagocytosis was examined with two forms of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) designed to hybridize to human Syk mRNA. Monocytes were incubated with linear and stem-loop antisense ODNs targeted to Syk mRNA. When complexed with cationic liposomes, stem-loop Syk antisense ODN with phosphorothioate modification exhibited stability in fetal bovine and human serum. The stem-loop Syk antisense ODN at a concentration of 0.2 microM inhibited Fc gamma RIIA-mediated phagocytosis by 90% and completely eliminated Syk mRNA and protein in monocytes, whereas scrambled-control ODNs had no effect. The Syk antisense ODNs did not change beta-actin mRNA levels and Fc gamma RII cell-surface expression. In addition, stem-loop Syk antisense ODN inhibited Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RIIIA-mediated phagocytosis. These data indicate the efficacy of stem-loop Syk antisense ODN for targeting and degrading Syk mRNA and protein and the importance of Syk kinase in Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Immunoblotting assay demonstrated that Fc gamma RII tyrosine phosphorylation after Fc gamma RII cross-linking did not change in the absence of Syk protein. These results indicate that Syk kinase is required for Fc gamma RIIA-mediated phagocytic signaling and that Fc gamma RII cross-linking leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of Fc gamma RII independent of Syk kinase.
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Hernandez, A., E. Bandres, J. Rodriguez, N. Bitarte, N. Ramirez, R. Zarate, A. Abajo, A. Chopitea, A. Viudez, and J. Garcia-Foncillas. "Pharmacogenomic analysis of the triplet combination of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and cetuximab as salvage therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e14531-e14531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e14531.

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e14531 Background: We have previously reported that biweekly gemcitabine-based therapy was active in pretreated mCRC pts (De la Cruz et al, ASCO GI 2008, abstr 377). We aimed to investigate whether germ line polymorphisms may be predictors of clinical outcome in mCRC pts treated with this combination. Methods: We evaluated SNPs of genes involved in gemcitabine metabolism (CDA, dCDK, RRM1, DCTD, SLC28A1), DNA repair (XRCC1, XRCC 3, ERCC1, XPD) and two IgG Fcγ R polymorphisms (Fcγ RIIa- H131R and Fcγ RIIIa-V158F), reported to be predictive of cetuximab-based therapy, even in K-ras mutated pts. Whole blood was collected and DNA extracted from peripheral lymphocytes using a DNA isolation Kit (Qiagen, CA). Polymorphisms were detected using the TaqMan genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems, CA). Clinical response was evaluated according to RECIST criteria. Univariate analysis (Fisher´s exact test for response; log-rank test for TTP and OS) was performed to examine associations between polymorphisms and clinical outcome. Results: Blood samples of 35 out of 39 enrolled pts were tested for genomic analysis. Patient‘s characteristics are as follows; M/F: 26/13, median age: 59 years, median number of prior chemotherapy lines: 2 (1–4), Köhne risk groups; low: 8 pts, intermediate: 18 pts, high: 13 pts. After a median follow-up of 20 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) is 6.7 months (95% CI; 5.2–8.3) and median overall survival 15.4 m (95% CI; 14.7–16.1). Overall response rate (ORR) was 53.8%. RRM1 R284R SNPs (p=0.06), T741T (p=0.02) and RRM1–524CT (p=0.04) were linked to clinical responsiveness. All pts possessing 2 or 3 favourable RRM1 SNPs responded. ORR was 53.3% for pts with no favourable SNPs versus 85% for pts with any favourable SNP (p=0.04). ORR was also significantly higher in pts with any histidine allele in the Fcγ RIIa polymorphism (93% vs. 60%, p=0.034). Median PFS was adversely affected in pts harbouring no favourable RRM1 SNPs (4.2m versus 6.7 months, p=0.019) and in those pts with homozygous Fcγ RIIa-131R allele (4.4 vs. 7.5 months, p=0.007). Conclusions: Polymorphic variants of RRM1 and Fcγ RIIa may play a key role in the efficacy of gemcitabine and cetuximab-based therapy for mCRC pts. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Edberg, J. C., and R. P. Kimberly. "Cell type-specific glycoforms of Fc gamma RIIIa (CD16): differential ligand binding." Journal of Immunology 159, no. 8 (October 15, 1997): 3849–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.159.8.3849.

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Abstract Fc gamma RIIIa, considered an intermediate affinity receptor, can variably bind monomeric IgG and appears to have a higher affinity for IgG than the lower affinity Fc gamma Rs, Fc gamma RII and Fc gamma RIIIb. We explored this property for both NK cell and monocyte Fc gamma RIIIa and found higher affinity ligand binding by Fc gamma RIIIa expressed on NK cells compared with Fc gamma RIIIa on monocytes. In normal whole blood or plasma (containing 8-11 mg/ml IgG), NK cell Fc gamma RIIIa was fully blocked, but in monocytes Fc gamma RIIIa showed approximately 60% blockade of the binding of mAb 3G8, which binds in or near the ligand binding site. The ligand binding site of NK cell Fc gamma RIIIa was blocked with as little as 2 mg/ml of human IgG, while monocyte Fc gamma RIIIa was only partially (30%) blocked by 2 mg/ml of human IgG. In contrast, plasma containing approximately 26 mg/ml of IgG (obtained from patients receiving therapeutic gamma-globulin) showed complete saturation of monocyte Fc gamma RIIIa with blockade of mAb 3G8 binding. These binding differences are not due to allelic polymorphisms or primary sequence differences between donors. Although NK cell and monocyte Fc gamma RIIIa have identical protein cores, they each undergo differential cell type-specific glycosylation. NK cell Fc gamma RIIIa is glycosylated with high mannose- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while monocyte Fc gamma RIIIa has no high mannose-type oligosaccharides. These results indicate that natural glycoforms of Fc gamma RIIIa (cell type-specific glycosylation variants) bind ligand differently, conferring a lower affinity on monocyte/macrophage Fc gamma RIIIa, which makes the receptor ideal for initial immune complex capture and sensitive to moderate changes in serum IgG levels.
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Indik, ZK, JG Park, XQ Pan, and AD Schreiber. "Induction of phagocytosis by a protein tyrosine kinase." Blood 85, no. 5 (March 1, 1995): 1175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v85.5.1175.bloodjournal8551175.

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The transmission of extracellular signals to cellular targets by many noncatalytic surface receptors is dependent on interaction between cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and tyrosine-containing sequences in the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor or an associated subunit. Isoforms of each of the three classes of the noncatalytic Fc gamma receptors, Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII, and Fc gamma RIII, are able to transmit a phagocytic signal in transfected COS-1 cells. Both Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RIIIA require the gamma subunit for this signaling event. The protein tyrosine kinase Syk dramatically enhances phagocytosis mediated by both these receptors and increases the number of cells able to mediate phagocytosis. Two gamma chain cytoplasmic YXXL sequences are required for this effect. The action of Syk is less pronounced on the phagocytic Fc gamma RII receptor, Fc gamma RIIA, which does not require the gamma chain for phagocytosis. However, Syk allows phagocytosis by the nonphagocytic Fc gamma RII receptor Fc gamma RIIB2, which contains only a single YXXL sequence, when an additional tyrosine-containing sequence, YMTL, is introduced. These studies indicate that the efficiency of phagocytosis is markedly enhanced by the presence of a specific protein tyrosine kinase.
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de Haas, M., H. R. Koene, M. Kleijer, E. de Vries, S. Simsek, M. J. van Tol, D. Roos, and A. E. von dem Borne. "A triallelic Fc gamma receptor type IIIA polymorphism influences the binding of human IgG by NK cell Fc gamma RIIIa." Journal of Immunology 156, no. 8 (April 15, 1996): 2948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.156.8.2948.

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Abstract A donor-dependent difference in electrophoretic mobility of deglycosylated released Fc gamma RIIIa derived from NK cells and macrophages was observed. We investigated whether this was based on a polymorphism of the Fc gamma RIIIA gene. Cloning and sequencing of Fc gamma RIIIa-encoding cDNA derived from an apparently heterozygous donor showed one single nucleotide substitution at position 230 (T-->G), which was responsible for a leucine (L)-->arginine (R) substitution at position 48 in the first extracellular Ig-like domain (EC1) of Fc-gamma RIIIa and caused a higher electrophoretic mobility of Fc gamma RIIIa. An allele-specific primer annealing PCR assay was developed to amplify specifically an Fc gamma RIIIA gene-derived fragment, which was digested with AciI (recognizing G230) or MnlI (recognizing T230). MnlI restriction analysis revealed the presence of a third Fc gamma RIIIa allele with a T230-->A substitution, which predicts a change of 48-leucine into 48-histidine (H). A gene frequency of 86% for the T230 (48-L) allele, 6% for G230 (48-R), and 8% for A230 (48-H) was found. A significantly different genotype distribution was found among 12 unrelated Caucasian Fc gamma RIIIB gene-deficient donors. Fc gamma RIIIa-48R and Fc gamma RIIIa-48H showed a higher binding capacity of human (h)IgG1, hIgG3, and hIgG4 compared with Fc gamma RIIIa-48L. Finally, the CD16 mAbs 1D3 and MEM154 bound more strongly and Leu11c (B73.1) bound less to the newly identified Fc gamma RIIIa isoforms.
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Garcia-Foncillas, Jesus, Javier Rodriguez, Valentina Boni, Iosu Sola, Beatriz Honorato, Ruth Zarate, and Eva Bandres. "Role of polymorphic fc gamma receptor II/III in the efficacy of cetuximab in KRAS-NRAS-BRAF-PI3K mutated." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2012): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.477.

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477 Background: The immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) cetuximab is active in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) as first or subsequent lines of therapy. Efficacy seems restricted to KRAS wild-type tumors. IgG1 may also induce antibody dependent cell mediated citotoxicity (ADCC) by recruitment of immune effector cells. ADCC is influenced by FcγR polymorphisms. We investigated the association of FcγR polymorphisms and disease control rate (DCR) in mCRC patients treated with chemotherapy plus cetuximab. Methods: Tumor tissues from 106 patients were screened for KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations using a sensitive multiplex assay (DxS, Manchester. UK). NRAS (codons: 12, 13 and 61), PI3K (exon 20) and BRAF (exon 15) were analysed by direct sequencing. Fcγ RIIa and Fcγ RIIIa polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan assays. Results: DCR was significantly higher in KRAS wild-type tumors (61% vs 39%, p=0.049). In EGFR downstream-mutated mCRC patients, those harbouring a FcγRIIa H/H genotype had a higher DCR than alternative genotypes (67% vs 33%, p=0.017). By multivariate analysis, FcγRIIa-131H/H remained significantly correlated with DCR (p=0.008). Conclusions: FcγR polymorphisms may play a role in the clinical efficacy of cetuximab in EGFR downstream mutated mCRC patients. Further research into cetuximab immune-based mechanisms in KRAS-mutated patients seems warranted.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Riwia"

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Zhang, Rijia [Verfasser]. "Functional result of macular hole surgery / Rijia Zhang." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082237663/34.

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Stephens, Lauren Ellis. "Interaction of immunoglobulins with primate Fc[gamma]RIIIa." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708276.

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Heusohn, Frank. "Molekulare Analyse der regulierten Genexpression in NK/T-Zellen am Beispiel des humanen Fc[gamma]RIIIA-Rezeptors [Fc-gamma-RIIIA-Rezeptors]." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962838004.

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Cooney, Damon Sean. "Proximal signaling events in Fc[gamma]RIIa-mediated phagocytosis /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486397841222421.

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Roll, Achim. "Nachweis des Fc[gamma]RIIa-Polymorphismus [Fc-gamma-RIIa-Polymorphismus] bei Patienten mit aggressiver Parodontitis (AP) und einer parodontal gesunden Kontrollgruppe mittels allelspezifischer PCR." Giessen VVB Laufersweiler, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997994878/34.

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Jahnke, Robert Hans George. "He tataitanga ahua toi : the house that Riwai built, a continuum of Māori art." Massey University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/984.

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Prior to the 1950s, visual culture within tribal environments could be separated into customary and non-customary. In the early 19th century, customary visual culture maintained visual correspondence with prior painted and carved models of the pre-contact period. In the latter part of the 19th century, non-customary painted and carved imagery inspired by European naturalism informed tribal visual culture. This accommodation of European imagery and practice was trans-cultural in its translation to tribal environments. In the 1960s, an innovative trans-customary art form evolved outside tribal environments, fusing customary visual culture and modernism. This trans-customary art form, which maintained visual empathy with customary form of the 19th century, was introduced into the tribal environment, initially, in a painted mural in 1973, and subsequently in a multimedia mural in 1975. In 1989 and 1990, this trans-customary Maori art practice informed the art of the Taharora Project at Mihikoinga marae in Ohineakai. In this Project, the 1970s transcustomary Maori art precedents were extended with non-customary form and practice. The thesis employs tataitanga kaupapa toi as a paradigm for Maori cultural relativity and relevance en-framing form, content and genealogy. Annexed to this paradigm are a range of methods: a tataitanga reo method for interpreting Maori language texts; a tataitanga korero method, conjoining a kaupapa Maori and an iconographic approach, for interpreting meaning in tribal visual culture, and a tataitanga whakairo method, incorporating stylistic analysis as formal sequence, semiology and intrinsic perception, for analysing a continuum of stylistic development from the Rawheoro School of carving to the Taharora Project. The Taharora Project constitutes the case study where tribal visual culture and contemporary art within tribal environments are contextualised in a trans-cultural continuum. The critical question that underpins this thesis is how do form, content and genealogy contribute to art that resonates with Maori? The thesis concludes that trans-cultural practice in contemporary art can resonate with Maori if the art maintains visual correspondence or visual empathy with customary tribal form. In their absence, cultural resonance can be achieved through a grounding of the content, informing the art, in a paradigm of Maori cultural relativity and relevance, a tataitanga kaupapa toi. The genealogy of the artist is a further determinant for resonance.
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Sadl, Virginia. "Herpes virus-based packaging systems for gene delivery of the RIIA sodium channel." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29774.pdf.

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Sadl, Virginia. "Herpes virus-based packaging systems for gene delivery of the RIIA sodium channel." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27399.

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To investigate the localization and targeting of sodium channels in neurons, an efficient means of gene delivery will need to be established. Two amplicon-based viral approaches and a recombinant whole virus approach were attempted in order to package and express RIIA sodium channel tagged with a c-myc epitope (RIIA-myc) with the ultimate purpose of developing a Herpes virus-based model system for targeting studies.
Immunofluorescent staining of transfected epithelial cells was carried out to demonstrate that constructs created for use in these HSV-based approaches were capable of a high level of expression of RIIA-myc. Measurements of $ beta$-galactosidase reporter gene expression observed in cultured cells infected with RIIA amplicon virus suggested successful packaging of amplicon DNA. However, RIIA-myc expression from amplicon virus was not apparent, which may suggest recombination events occurred upon packaging of constructs. Difficulties in selection for recombinants with acyclovir prevented the recombinant whole virus approach from being pursued.
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Rozan, Caroline. "Développement et caractérisation d'anticorps bispécifiques anti-ace xCD16 pour l'immunothérapie des cancers." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5032.

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Avec quatorze anticorps utilisés en oncologie, les anticorps monoclonaux ont enfin une place de choix dans l'arsenal thérapeutique anticancéreux. Cependant, l'un des modes d'action les plus importants de ces molécules, la cytotoxicité à médiation cellulaire dépendante des anticorps (ADCC), souffre de plusieurs limites en raison de la nécessité d'une interaction optimale avec le FcγRIIIA. L'équipe du Dr. Daniel Baty a conçu de nouveaux formats d'anticorps bispécifiques basés sur l'utilisation de domaine unique d'anticorps de lamas (sdAb) et capables de contourner la plupart de ces limites. Des banques de phages issus de lamas immunisés ont permis de sélectionner deux sdAbs (d'affinités différentes) dirigés contre le FcγRIIIA exprimé par des cellules NK et les macrophages, ainsi qu'un sdAb dirigé contre l'antigène tumoral carcino-embryonnaire (ACE). En utilisant les domaines CH1 et Ck d'IgG1 humaine comme motif d'hétérodimérisation et les sdabs anti-ACE et anti-FcγRIII précédemment sélectionnés, nous avons développé des formats innovants d'anticorps bispécifiques Fab-like nommés bsFabs. Ces molécules sont faciles à produire, très stables et peuvent déclencher la lyse des cellules tumorales par les cellules NK humaines à des concentrations de l'ordre du picomolaire. Elles ne se lient pas au récepteur inhibiteur FcγRIIB, n'entrent pas en compétition avec des IgG sériques pour la liaison aux récepteurs, et leur activité cytotoxique est indépendante de la glycosylation du Fc et du polymorphisme du FcγRIIIA
With fourteen antibodies used in oncology, monoclonal antibodies finally have a place in the therapeutic arsenal against cancer. However one of the modes of action of the most important of these molecules, cell-mediated cytotoxicity antibody-dependent (ADCC), suffers from several limitations due to the need for optimal interaction with the FcγRIIIA. Daniel Baty's team has developed new formats of bispecific antibodies based on the use of single domain llama antibodies (SdAb) that are capable of circumventing most of the these limitations. Phage libraries from immunized llamas were used to select two sdAbs directed against the FcγRIIIA expressed by NK cells and macrophages (with different affinities for FcγRIII), as well as one SdAb directed against the tumor antigen carcinoembryonic (CEA). Using CH1 and Ck domains of human IgG1 as a motif for heterodimerization and sdabs previously selected, we have developed innovative anti-CEA and anti-FcγRIII formats of bispecific antibodies Fab-like named bsFabs. These molecules are easy to produce, very stable and can trigger tumor cell lysis by human NK cells at picomolar concentrations. They do not bind FcγRIIB inhibitory receptor, do not compete with serum IgG and their cytotoxic activity is independent of FcγRIIIA polymorphism. In addition, they slow tumor growth in mouse model. In terms of pharmacokinetics, although bsFabs have a reasonable tumor retention, one of the limitations of these formats is size, which leads to rapid renal elimination. Such findings led us to consider the creation of new antibody formats to both increase tumor retention and secondly the half-life of antibodies in the body
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Beil, Elizabeth. "Identification of fcγRIIA STAT6 Interaction and the Subsequent Effects." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1332933291.

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Books on the topic "Riwia"

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Mizoguchi, Itaru. Chōdendō rinia. Tōkyō: Kōtsū Shinbunsha, 2015.

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Rinia tobu. Tōkyō: Nihon Keizai Shinbunsha, 1989.

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ill, Small David 1945, and Yi Pok-hŭi, eds. Ridia ŭi chŏngwŏn. Sŏul-si: Sigong Juniŏ, 1998.

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Abunai rinia shinkansen. Tōkyō-to Bunkyō-ku: Ryokufū Shuppan, 2013.

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Hashiyama, Reijirō. Hitsuyō ka, rinia shinkansen. Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, 2011.

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Raudsepp, Anu. Riia Vaimulik Seminar: 1846-1918. Tartu: Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum, 1998.

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Hoxha, Hajri. Rinia dibrane në Luftën Antifashiste Nacional Çlirimtare. Tiranë: [s.n.], 2003.

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Valter, Hannes. Landeswehri sõjast ; Võnnu lahingust ; Riia operatsioonist. Tallinn: Perioodika, 1989.

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Barjaba, Kosta. Pauzat e integrimit: Rinia në fokusin e sociologjisë. [Albania?]: Shtëpia botuese "Evropa", 1995.

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Valter, Hannes. Ausalt & avameelselt: Landeswehri sõjast, Võnnu lahingust, Riia operatsioonist. Tallinn: Kirjastus "Perioodika", 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Riwia"

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Parmar, Inderjeet. "Sociology of the CFR and RIIA." In Think Tanks and Power in Foreign Policy, 24–47. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230000780_2.

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Parmar, Inderjeet. "CFR-RIIA Interconnections: A Transnational Ruling Class, Liberal Atlantic Community or Anglo-American Establishment?" In Think Tanks and Power in Foreign Policy, 189–214. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230000780_8.

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Noorhani, Piret. "Kohtumispaik Riia. Loodi Balti Audiovisuaalsete Arhiivide Kolleegium." In Võim ja kultuur 2, 381–90. ELM Scholarly Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/vk2.2006.noorhani.

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Sepetci, Tülin. "Blurred Borders Between Good and Evil in Today's “Lesser Evil World”." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 59–75. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4778-6.ch005.

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The series of The Witcher discussed in this study stems from book series written by Andrzej Sapkowski. It started as a set of short stories in the 1980s. As short stories became very popular, full-length books were published in 1993. The most heard of The Witcher series was the digital game adaptations that was released since 2007 and lastly as TV series on Netflix in 2019. The story of The Witcher series is about a witcher named Geralt of Rivia. Geralt on the journey of evil hunting is narrated to the audience in a fantastic way. Although Geralt is an anti-hero fighting evil in the series, he himself stands on a very fine line between good and evil. This situation is noticeable not only in the main character of the series, but also in other prominent characters and reflects “the lesser evil” phenomenon throughout the series. From this point of view, The Witcher series, which conveys how the boundary between good and evil, can be transitive and relative and has been discussed through the concept of lesser evil.
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"Historical Overview and Theoretical Perspectives of Research on Teachers’ Beliefs PAT RICIA T. ASH TO N." In International Handbook of Research on Teachers' Beliefs, 43–59. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203108437-9.

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"Positioning Interest and Curiosity within a Model of Academic PAT RICIA A . ALEXANDER AND EMI LY M . GROSSNICKLE." In Handbook of Motivation at School, 200–220. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315773384-16.

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"“Money talks”: competition and cooperation with the League of Nations, 1929–40 PAT RICIA C L AV I N." In Money Doctors, 235–64. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203987599-17.

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"Beliefs About Reading, Text, and Learning From Text LILIA NA M AG GIONI , EMI LY F OX , AND PAT RICIA A . ALEXANDER." In International Handbook of Research on Teachers' Beliefs, 365–81. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203108437-30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Riwia"

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Dubaniewicz, Anna, Bartłomiej Rękawiecki, Anton Żawrocki, Hanna Majewska, Marek Piprek, and Wojciech Biernat. "Fc?RIIA, Fc?RIII and Fc?RIIB expression in sarcoid granuloma and foreign body granuloma of the skin." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1956.

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