Journal articles on the topic 'Riveted'
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1
Dourado, Marco Daniel Malheiro, and José Filipe Bizarro de Meireles. "A Simplified Finite Element Riveted Lap Joint Model in Structural Dynamic Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 1016 (August 2014): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.185.
Abstract:
This paper proposes a simplified finite element model to represent a riveted lap joint in structural dynamic analysis field. The rivet is modeled byspring-damperelements. Several numerical models are studied with different quantities of rivets (1, 3 and 5) andspring-damperelements (4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 20) per rivet. In parallel, samples of two aluminum material plates connected by different quantities of rivets (1, 3 and 5) are built and tested in order to be known its modal characteristics – natural frequencies and mode shapes. The purpose of the different settings is to get the best numerical riveted lap joint representation relatively to the experimental one. For this purpose a finite element model updating methodology is used. An evaluation of the best numerical riveted lap joint is carried out based on comparisons between the numerical model after updating and the experimental one. It is shown that the riveted lap joints composed by eight and twelvespring-damperelements per rivet have the best representation. A stiffness constant valuekis obtained for the riveted lap joints in study.
2
Witek, Lucjan, and Monika Lubas. "Experimental Strength Analysis of Riveted Joints Using Blind Rivets." Journal of KONES 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0024.
Abstract:
Abstract This article presents results of experimental investigations of the lap blind riveted joint. The main goal of the work is determination of destructive load of the blind riveted joints. The blind rivets were originally used in the aircraft structures where access to both sides of the riveted structure is impossible. Blind rivets are now commonly used in many branches of industry because of their low cost. Moreover, the riveting process is uncomplicated. There are many publications about analysis of strength of solid rivets in the research literature. However, the strength analysis of the blind rivets was rarely undertaken. There is the research gap in the analysis of both the strength and the load capacity of blind riveted joints. The influence of selected geometrical parameters of the joint on the stress distribution and the destructive force was not widely described in literature. The first part of the work presents a review of standards and publications related to stress and strength analysis of blind riveted joints. The next part of the study describes experimental investigations of joints. The examined specimens were made out of AW 2017 aluminum alloy, cut from 1 [mm] thick sheet. Investigated blind rivets were made out of aluminum alloy. The lap joint with one rivet and the single row five-rivet joint were investigated. Moreover, the different size of hole chamfer were considered. The experimental tests were performed with the use of Zwick-Roell tension machine. The main results of experimental investigations are ultimate shear load diagrams. The influence of both the hole chamfer and the number of rivets on destructive force and shear diagrams of blind riveted joints were in detail analysed. After shear tests, the fractured rivets were magnified in order to explain the failure phenomenon of blind rivets. In the future research works the obtained results will be used in strength analysis of the blind riveted joints using the finite element method.
3
Yu, Haidong, Bin Zheng, Xun Xu, and Xinmin Lai. "Residual stress and fatigue behavior of riveted lap joints with various riveting sequences, rivet patterns, and pitches." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, no. 12 (March 8, 2019): 2306–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419834481.
Abstract:
The residual stress of multi-rivet structures is related with the riveting sequence, the rivet pattern, and the pitch due to the deformation interaction of different rivets. The stress amplitude of riveted structures subjected to the cyclic loads is affected by the residual stress, which increases the difficulty in the prediction of fatigue life. In this article, the riveting processes for single-row and triple-row riveted lap joints with various riveting sequences, rivet patterns, and pitches are studied numerically and experimentally. The residual stresses for both types of riveted structures are verified by the testing data. Significant difference appears in the residual stress field for riveted lap joints with various riveting sequences and rivet patterns. The decrease in the rivet pitch increases the compressive residual stress at the edge of the rivet hole. Furthermore, the fatigue life prediction model is developed for multi-rivet structures, in which the coupling effect of residual stress and cyclic load is considered. The fatigue experiments are conducted for riveted lap joints with various riveting sequences, rivet patterns, and pitches. The accuracies of the numerical results obtained from the Homan model and the developed model are compared with the experimental data. The proposed fatigue model shows better performance to predict fatigue life for multiple rivet structures.
4
Kang, Yonggang, Huan Xiao, Zihao Wang, Guomao Li, and Yonggang Chen. "Three-Dimensional Characterization of Residual Stress in Aircraft Riveted Panel Structures." Aerospace 11, no. 7 (July 4, 2024): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11070552.
Abstract:
The residual stress field induced by interference-fit riveting in aircraft panel structures significantly affects the fatigue performance around the rivet holes. Common residual stress analytical models often overlook the non-uniformity of interference between the rivet and the hole, which impacts the applicability of these models. Addressing this issue, an analytical model of residual stress around the rivet hole is proposed for a typical single-riveted structure based on the thick-walled cylinder theory and Lame’s equations, considering the non-uniform interference along the axis of the rivet hole. This novel model is then extended to multi-riveted structures in fuselage panels. Using vector synthesis, analytical models for single-row double-rivets and double-row quadruple-rivets configurations were derived. The established analytical models provide a three-dimensional characterization of the residual stress field in typical riveted structures. Finally, the accuracy of the model is verified through X-ray diffraction experiments and FEM simulation results.
5
Lis, Zbigniew, and Adam Lipski. "Evaluation of the Riveted Joint Load-Carrying Capacity Based on the Formed Rived Head Dimension." Solid State Phenomena 224 (November 2014): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.224.261.
Abstract:
The formed rivet head was measured in order to verify rivet closing-up forcein the executed riveted joint. The measurements were performed using two specimen series with strapped joint. The first series of specimens was prepared using standard riveting technology: drilling and reaming of holes and kinematic heading of rivets. In the second series of specimens modified technology was used: drilling, sizing and heading of rivets with controlled heading force.The relationship of the formed rivet head diameter on the heading force was determined. For that purpose tests with controlled heading force were performed and the formed rivet head diameter for each force was measured. The limits of formed rivet head diameter for the second series of specimens, which were headed using controlled heading force were calculated. Based on the scatter of formed rivet head diameters for the first series of specimens the range of forces achieved during kinematic heading of rivets was determined. The riveted joint load-carrying capacity using tension was assumed. Special instrumentation was prepared for riveted joint tests. Achieved joint load-carrying capacity results were collated with specific heading forces for the first series of specimens. Based on the heading force values put on the load-carrying capacity diagram was concluded that kinematic heading does not guarantee achievement of the optimum load-carrying capacity.
6
Ren, Kerong, Haobing Han, Wentao Xu, and Hua Qing. "The Effect of Rivet Arrangement on the Strengths of Lap Joints and Lap Joint Design Methods." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (May 3, 2023): 5629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095629.
Abstract:
To address the impact of rivet arrangement on the strengths of riveted lap joints, the failure modes and failure mechanisms of riveted lap joints were first studied using finite element analysis software. Next, the effects of the number of rivets, rivet rows, rivet arrangement, and row spacing on the lap joint strength were studied using the peak load as the evaluation index. Then, we proposed the concept of line load density to solve the problem that a varying rivet spacing and rivet edge distance will change the width of the sheet and thus the maximum load capacity, which is used as an index to study the effect of rivet spacing and rivet edge distance on the lap strength. Finally, a spring–mass model was developed to study the forces present in multi-row riveting. The model could accurately calculate the force–displacement curves during tensioning. The results show that when multiple rivet rows are used, higher stress concentrations cause the plate to first fracture at an outer rivet row with more rivets; therefore, the rivets should be arranged such that there are more rivets in the middle and fewer rivets on both sides. When the total rivet strength is greater than the remaining strength of the plate, the numbers of rivets and rivet rows have limited effects on the lap joint strength; however, this primarily affects the damaged form of the lap joint member. When the rivet spacing is less than 5d, the lap strength increases with increases in the rivet spacing, and when the rivet spacing is greater than 5d, the lap strength does not change significantly with increases in the rivet spacing. When the rivet edge distance is less than 3d, the lap joint strength increases with increases in the rivet edge distance, and when the rivet edge distance is greater than 3d, it has a limited effect on the lap joint strength. The rivet row spacing has no significant effect on the lap joint strength. The results of this study are valuable for improving the strengths of riveted structures in aircraft.
7
Rudawska, Anna, Izabela Miturska, Dana Stančeková, and Jacek Mucha. "The strength of traditional and self-pierced riveted joints." MATEC Web of Conferences 244 (2018): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824401007.
Abstract:
The objective of this study is to compare the strength of riveted joints fabricated by traditional riveting (with pre-drilled holes) and self-piercing riveting (SPR) for different types of joints. Riveted joints were produced using steel and aluminum alloy rivets and two types of sheet material: 235JR steel sheet and EN AW 6060 aluminum alloy sheet with the following dimensions: length l = 100 ± 1 mm, width b = 50 ± 1 mm and thickness g = 2 mm. For all tested types of riveted joints (pre-drilled and SPR), 5 sets of joints were fabricated, each set containing 6 samples. The sets of joints differed with respect to the number of rivets (1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 rivets), joint type (single-, three- and four-riveted joints) and lap length. For all tested joints, the highest load capacity was obtained for self-pierced riveted joints, while the lowest - for pre-drilled joints with aluminum alloy rivets. In addition, it was found that the shear strength of self-pierced riveted joints is higher than that of aluminum and steel blind rivets.
8
Livieri, Paolo. "Numerical Analysis of Double Riveted Lap Joints." Lubricants 11, no. 9 (September 12, 2023): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11090396.
Abstract:
In a previous work, the fatigue behaviour of different hot riveted joints under fatigue loadings were experimentally calculated. In particular, the experimental data showed a Wöhler curve slope close to five against the slope of three proposed by Eurocode 3. However, two series of shear splice riveted joints showed, at two million cycles, a stress range very close to the value suggested by Eurocode for shear splices that use non-preloaded high-strength bolts. In order to clarify the fatigue behaviour of riveted joints at high- and medium-fatigue regimes, this paper presents a preliminary three-dimensional non-linear FE analysis of a double-riveted lap joint previously analysed experimentally. Different friction coefficients and rivet clamping stress have been taken Into account, as well as the elastoplastic behaviours of the main plate subjected to tensile loadings. The numerical analysis shows that the friction force tends to reduce the range of stresses at the net section during fatigue loadings, and the force distribution or the stress concentration on the rivets is always critical for the external rivet, which is also the case regarding the non-linear behaviour of the material.
9
Liu, Jintong, Anan Zhao, Zhenzheng Ke, Zhendong Zhu, and Yunbo Bi. "Influence of Rivet Diameter and Pitch on the Fatigue Performance of Riveted Lap Joints Based on Stress Distribution Analysis." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 16, 2020): 3625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163625.
Abstract:
Interference-fit riveting is one of the most widely used mechanical joining ways in aircraft assembly. The fatigue performance of riveted joints has a significant impact on the service life and reliability of aircraft. In this paper, the fatigue performance of the riveted lap joints with various rivet diameters and pitches are studied based on stress distribution analysis under tensile load. First, a theoretical model of the riveted lap joint under tensile load is developed by using the spring-mass model. The rivet-load stress, bypass stress, and interference stress around the riveted hole are analyzed. Then, the finite element (FE) model of riveted lap joints are established. The influence of rivet diameter and pitch on stress distribution around the riveted hole are discussed. Finally, the fatigue tests are conducted with riveted lap joint specimens to verify the theoretical model and FE results, and a good agreement is observed. Based on the simulation and experimental results, a good combination of structural parameters of the riveted lap joint is found which can optimize the stress distribution around the riveted hole and improve the fatigue life of the riveted lap joint.
10
Fortier, Vincent, Jean-E. Brunel, and Louis L Lebel. "Fastening composite structures using braided thermoplastic composite rivets." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 6 (August 14, 2019): 801–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319867375.
Abstract:
Aerospace composite material components are currently joined using heavy titanium bolts. This joining method is not ideal when considering its weight, thermal expansion, electrical conductivity, and risk of unbalanced load distribution. We propose here an innovative fastening technology using thermoplastic composite rivets. A rivet blank is heated above its melting temperature using Joule heating and is formed directly in the composite laminates by an automated process. Carbon fiber and polyamide blanks were used with two fiber architecture: 2D braid and unidirectional. The braided architecture showed superior manufacturing performance and repeatability. Joints were riveted in less than 40 s per rivet. The temperature measured in the riveted composite laminate in the vicinity of formed rivet reached only 136℃ during riveting. Double fastener lap shear testing showed breaking load of 6146 N per fastener. This joint strength is higher than comparable aluminum-riveted joints, and the specific joint strength is higher than titanium-bolted joints. With these advantages, the technology could be developed and used in the next generations of lighter, cleaner, and safer aircraft.
11
Lubas, Monika. "The visual research of changes in the geometry of a rivet joint for material model effect for simulation riveted joints made of EN AW 5251." Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu, no. 4 (2022): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7862/tiam.2022.4.6.
Abstract:
The paper presents the results of a numerical analysis of a single-lap joint with a blind rivet and its geometrical verification by inside views from the experiment. The research aimed to determine how the results of numerical analyses (FEM) were influenced by the method of modeling the material model and how it relates to the experimental results. As part of the analyses, a discrete riveted model and material model: linear and nonlinear were constructed. The analyses took into account various load cases (500, 800, and 900 N) to better illustrate the relationship between the numerical and experimental results. A new methodology of visualizing changes in a riveted joint's geometry was used to validate the results. The technology of making riveted joint cross-sections was developed during a static tensile test. Samples of a single lap joint with blind rivets made of aluminum sheets were subjected to a shear load. Deformations were "frozen" during the test, and sections were prepared. The microscope photos allowed for the development of a method for visualizing the deformation of the hole and rivet. The numerical results (for various loads and various material configurations) were compared with the experimental results of geometric parameters (i.e. angles between sheets or other dimensions) on the riveted joint cross-sections. The obtained results help to understand the mechanism of failure of the blind rivet under load and the complex state of loads in various stages of deformation.
12
Popovski, Marjan, Helmut G. L. Prion, and Erol Karacabeyli. "Seismic performance of connections in heavy timber construction." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-020.
Abstract:
Results from monotonic and quasi-static cyclic tests on connections used in heavy timber construction are presented for two types of fasteners: steel bolts and glulam rivets. Bolted connections with three different diameter bolts, arranged in several configurations, as well as two different configurations of glulam rivet connections were tested. All configurations included a main glulam member and two steel side plates. For bolted connections, the seismic behaviour was found to be primarily dependent on the bolt slenderness ratio. Bolted connections with higher slenderness ratios (smaller diameter bolts) exhibited more ductile behaviour with considerable steel yielding and wood crushing before failure. Glulam riveted connections, which were designed in rivet failure mode, showed superior seismic performance when compared to bolted connections for similar design load levels. Riveted connections were also able to dissipate the highest amount of input energy before the failure was reached.Key words: timber connections, glulam rivets, bolts, ductility, timber, wood, braced frames, seismic performance, heavy timber construction.
13
Leonetti, Davide, Johan Maljaars, and H. H. (Bert) Snijder. "Reliability-based fatigue life estimation of shear riveted connections considering dependency of rivet hole failures." MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 10008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816510008.
Abstract:
Standards and guidelines for the fatigue design of riveted connections make use of a stress range-endurance (S-N) curve based on the net section stress range regardless of the number and the position of the rivets. Almost all tests on which S-N curves are based, are performed with a minimum number of rivets. However, the number of rivets in a row is expected to increase the fail-safe behaviour of the connection, whereas the number of rows is supposed to decrease the theoretical stress concentration at the critical locations, and hence these aspects are not considered in the S-N curves. This paper presents a numerical model predicting the fatigue life of riveted connections by performing a system reliability analysis on a double cover plated riveted butt joint. The connection is considered in three geometries, with different number of rivets in a row and different number of rows. The stress state in the connection is evaluated using a finite element model in which the friction coefficient and the clamping force in the rivets are considered in a deterministic manner. The probability of failure is evaluated for the main plate, and fatigue failure is assumed to be originating at the sides of the rivet holes, the critical locations, or hot-spots. The notch stress approach is applied to assess the fatigue life, considered to be a stochastic quantity. Unlike other system reliability models available in the literature, the evaluation of the probability of failure takes into account the stochastic dependence between the failures at each critical location modelled as a parallel system, which means considering the change of the state of stress in the connection when a ligament between two rivets fails. A sensitivity study is performed to evaluate the effect of the pretension in the rivet and the friction coefficient on the fatigue life.
14
Skorupa, Małgorzata, Tomasz Machniewicz, Adam Korbel, and Andrzej Skorupa. "Rivet Flexibility and Load Transmission for a Riveted Lap Joint." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 57, no. 3 (January 1, 2010): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10180-010-0012-0.
Abstract:
Rivet Flexibility and Load Transmission for a Riveted Lap Joint Presented in this paper are results of an experimental investigation on the rivet flexibility and load transmission in a riveted lap joint representative for the aircraft fuselage. The test specimens consisted of two aluminium alloy Alclad sheets joined with 3 rows of rivets. Two different squeeze forces were applied to install the rivets. Rivet flexibility measurements have been performed under constant amplitude fatigue loading using several methods including two original optical techniques developed by the present authors. The axial tractions in the sheets required to determine the rivet flexibility have been derived from strain gauge measurements. In order to eliminate the effect of secondary bending the strain gauges have been bonded at the same locations on the outside and faying surface of the sheet. The experiments enabled an evaluation of the usefulness of various techniques to determine the rivet flexibility. It was observed that, although the measured flexibility was identical for both end rivet rows, the load transfer through either of these rows was different. Previous experimental results by the present authors suggest that behind the non-symmetrical load transfer distribution through the joint are large differences between the rivet hole expansion in the sheet adjacent to the driven rivet head and the sheet under the manufactured head [1]. It has been concluded that commonly used computation procedures according to which the load transfer is only related to the rivet flexibility may lead to erroneous results.
15
Wang, Yunfan, Huijie Zhao, Xudong Li, and Hongzhi Jiang. "High-Accuracy 3-D Sensor for Rivet Inspection Using Fringe Projection Profilometry with Texture Constraint." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 7270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247270.
Abstract:
Riveted workpieces are widely used in manufacturing; however, current inspection sensors are mainly limited in nondestructive testing and obtaining the high-accuracy dimension automatically is difficult. We developed a 3-D sensor for rivet inspection using fringe projection profilometry (FPP) with texture constraint. We used multi-intensity high dynamic range (HDR) FPP method to address the varying reflectance of the metal surface then utilized an additional constraint calculated from the fused HDR texture to compensate for the artifacts caused by phase mixture around the stepwise edge. By combining the 2-D contours and 3-D FPP data, rivets can be easily segmented, and the edge points can be further refined for diameter measurement. We tested the performance on a sample of riveted aluminum frame and evaluated the accuracy using standard objects. Experiments show that denser 3-D data of a riveted metal workpiece can be acquired with high accuracy. Compared with the traditional FPP method, the diameter measurement accuracy can be improved by 50%.
16
Rośkowicz, Marek, Jan Godzimirski, Michał Jasztal, and Jarosław Gąsior. "Improvement of fatigue life of riveted joints in helicopter airframes." Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2021.1.17.
Abstract:
Using original cold-formed rivets in repairs of airframes of helicopters is difficult due to no access to inside parts of the airframe. Thus, the main aim of the study was to investigate the possibility to use the blind rivets or hybrid joints by verification the fatigue performance of such joints that must be better than with original rivets. Riveted and hybrid joints have been experimentally tested under static and fatigue loads. Furthermore, numerical calculations of stress distribution for strapped joint have been conducted. The test results covered fatigue life of lap joints and models of repaired airframe sheets using ordinary mushroom head rivets ref. 3558A-4-10, titanium driven blind bolts with pin, ref. MBF2110AB-05-150 and modified hybrid joints. Using titanium driven blind bolts with pin instead of ordinary hammer-bucked rivets, can improve the fatigue life of element made of aluminum alloy AW 2024T3. There are advantages of replacing riveted joints with modified hybrid (rivet & adhesive) joints in threefold increase in fatigue life of repaired airframe structures.
17
Wronicz, Wojciech, and Jerzy Kaniowski. "The Analysis of the Influence of Riveting Parameters Specified in Selected Riveting Instructions on Residual Stresses." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2014, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fas-2014-0005.
Abstract:
Abstract The riveting parameters strongly affect residual stresses induced during riveting, which in turn have an impact on the fatigue life of riveted joints. Since rivets are established as critical from the fatigue point of view, the fatigue life of riveted joints often determines the life of the whole structure. The authors were able to become acquainted with three riveting instructions (process specifications) used by the aerospace companies from western Europe. This work presents the analysis of the riveting parameters' influence on residual stresses around the rivets. The impact of the clearance between a rivet shank and a hole as well as driven head dimensions and a rivet length were investigated based on the numerical simulations. The aim of the analysis was to determine the range of stresses variation when the requirements of the riveting instructions are fulfilled. For the purposes of comparison, the calculations were performed also with the parameters as specified in the Polish industry standards. For all calculations, the geometry of the universal rivet MS20470 was used. The results show that residual stresses can vary strongly depending on the parameters in the instructions and standard requirements.
18
ZHAO, Letian, Tianzhi YANG, Qi HUANG, and Yangjie ZUO. "Damage behavior and mechanical property investigation of CFRP/CFRP washer-bushing riveted joints." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 41, no. 6 (December 2023): 1089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20234161089.
Abstract:
Carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) are prone to occur riveting damage. Therefore, the damage behaviors and mechanical properties of CFRP/CFRP washer-bushing riveted joints were investigated experimentally in this paper. Results showed that due to the uneven expansion of rivet shank and local pressure caused by upsetting head, CFRP/CFRP riveted joints occurred multiple damage modes by using net riveting method and bushing method. The damage was mainly located in the layer around the CFRP hole near the upsetting head. However, washer-bushing riveting method effectively limited the uneven expansion and the local pressure of upsetting head, and no obvious damage was observed. Load-displacement curves of direct riveted joints and washer-bushing riveted joints exhibited obvious linear stage, progressive damage stage and final failure stage in both tensile shear and pull-off tests. However, the bushing reduced the effective fastening area of upsetting head, and load-displacement curves of bushing riveted joints only included linear and failure stages. Besides, the tensile shear and pull-off peak load were also the lowest. Tensile failure modes of both net riveted joints and washer-bushing riveted joints were dominated by the coupling failure mode of shear failure and rivet pull-off. The CFRP connecting hole was observed with obvious shear damage and extrusion deformation area. Besides, pull-off failure modes were laminate fracture and ply delamination, and also accompanied by laminate bending deformation. In contrast, bushing riveted joints failed by rivet pull-off in both tensile shear and pull-off tests.
19
Roszak, Robert, Karol Bula, Ilia Sagradov, Tomasz Sterzyński, Daniela Schob, and Matthias Ziegenhorn. "Experimental and numerical investigation of metal-polymer riveted joints." Materials Research Express 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 015303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac49bb.
Abstract:
Abstract This paper presents the modeling and analysis of the joints of metal inserts with polyamide 6 using the injection technique. Based on the experiments carried out, modeling and numerical calculations of the joints were performed for various joint configurations. The metal parts made of DS04 steel have holes. The holes are filled with polyamide 6 (PA6) by injection molding and both components are joined, resulting in a riveted joint. As part of the work, the steel / PA6 riveted joints were tested in a uniaxial tensile test. The main objective was to investigate the strength of the riveted joint as a function of the positioning and the number of rivets. A focus of the work was the numerical modeling of both the material behavior of PA6 and the riveted joint itself. The experiments showed that the polymer-metal joint with less than three rivets is destroyed by shear in the rivets. For a joint consisting of three rivets, the failure was in the rectangular polymer part. For the joint with three rivets, the maximum value of the breaking force was obtained. Similar values were obtained from numerical calculations using Abaqus software.
20
Liu, Jintong, Anan Zhao, Zhenzheng Ke, Zhiqiang Li, and Yunbo Bi. "Investigation on the Residual Stresses and Fatigue Performance of Riveted Single Strap Butt Joints." Materials 13, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 3436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153436.
Abstract:
In aircraft manufacturing, riveting is one of the most important connection ways to fasten the sheet metal parts. The riveted single strap butt joints are mainly used in the load-bearing components of the aircraft such as the fuselage and wing panels. The connection quality and fatigue performance of the riveted joints directly affect the reliability and safety of the aircraft. In this paper, under the assumption of constant temperature, the fatigue strengthening mechanism of interference-fit riveting is introduced based on elastic-plastic mechanics and fracture mechanics. On this basis, the finite element (FE) models of the riveted single strap butt joints with various strap thickness and rivet sizes/arrangements are established. The residual stresses distribution around the riveted hole is analyzed. Furthermore, the fatigue tests of the riveted single strap butt joints with cyclic loading are carried out. The experimental results verified the correctness and effectiveness of the simulation model. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that increasing rivet size and strap thickness within the allowable weight range can improve the fatigue performance of the riveted single strap butt joints. The knowledge could be used to guide the structural design and optimization of the riveted butt joints against fatigue.
21
Lipski, Adam, and Zbigniew Lis. "Improving Fatigue Life of Riveted Joints by Rivet Hole Sizing." Key Engineering Materials 598 (January 2014): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.598.141.
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of the rivet hole sizing process on the fatigue life based on the example of the structural connections characteristic for riveted joints used in aviation industry. Test specimens reflected the structural connection consisting in a riveted lap joint of an airplane plating stiffened with a T-bar. Connected plates and the T-bar are made of D16CzATW aluminum alloy. 3 mm diameter oval head solid rivets for aviation-related purposes were made of PA24 aluminum. During fatigue tests, individual specimens with non-sized holes and with sized holes were subjected to uniaxial, one-sided, fixed-amplitude loading (R = 0). It can be concluded from the fatigue life comparison that introduction of an additional operation in the riveting process, i.e. the hole sizing, results in significant, about two-fold increase of the fatigue life of the riveted structural connection, even at slight sizing degree. The difference of the specimen damage nature was observed between specimens with sized and non-sized holes.
22
Sadowski, Tomasz, and Przemysław Golewski. "Effect of Tolerance in the Fitting of Rivets in the Holes of Double Lap Joints Subjected to Uniaxial Tension." Key Engineering Materials 607 (April 2014): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.607.49.
Abstract:
The study focused mainly on one of the parameters of mount technology - tolerance for fitting the rivet in the hole in riveted and hybrid (riveted adhesive) joints. The research included numerical simulations of double lap joints with four rivets arranged in two rows and subjected to uniaxial tension. Simulations were carried out in Abaqus both for the purely mechanical and the hybrid joints. The connections without clearance (neat-fit) and with clearance of 0.2 mm, as well as with interference of-0.2 mm. The presence of clearance in one of the holes in the hybrid joint causes a decrease in the capacity of the hybrid connection by about 15% in configuration 1 (Fig. 2). This decrease can be even higher (21%) in the worse clearance placement, i.e. in configuration 2 (Fig. 2). The study shows that the occurrence of clearance in the holes can lead to dangerous consequences, so it is recommended to use holes calibration or develop a special type of rivet.
23
Langrand, B., E. Markiewicz, E. Deletombe, and P. Drazétic. "Identification of Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior and Failure for Riveted Joint Assemblies." Shock and Vibration 7, no. 3 (2000): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/632896.
Abstract:
Many different types of rivets need to be modeled to analyze the crashworthiness of aircraft structures. A numerical procedure based on FE modeling and characterization of material failure constitutive models is proposed herein with the aim of limiting the costs of experimental procedures otherwise necessary to obtain these data. Quasi-static and dynamic experiments were carried out on elementary tension (punched) and shear (riveted) specimens. No strain rate sensitivity was detected in the failure behavior of the riveted joint assemblies. Experimental data were used to identify the Gurson damage parameters of each material (2024-T351 and 7050 aluminum alloys for the sheet metal plate and the rivet respectively) by an inverse method. Characterization gave rise to satisfactory correlation between FE models and experiments. Optimized parameters were validated for each material by means of a uniaxial tension test for the sheet metal plate and an ARCAN type specimen in pure tension for the rivet.
24
Yu, Da Zhao, Yue Liang Chen, and Ping Jin. "Stress Intensity Determination for MSD Riveted Stiffened Panels in the Presence of Corrosion." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.957.
Abstract:
Accurate stress intensity solutions for multiple site damage (MSD) cracks in riveted stiffened panels are difficult to determine due to geometric complexity along with variations in rivet load transfer and corrosion, especially the interaction of MSD cracks. A methodology was proposed for efficiently depicting rivet in stiffened panel using finite elements. Rivet material properties were determined based on an empirical force-displacement relationship, for highly refined rivet model as well as for idealized spring element representations of rivets. Parametric studies of panels with a middle crack and a central stiffener indicate that rivets can provide comparable load transfer and relative displacement if the rivets closed to the crack are explicit modeled. Using idealized combination of explicitly and spring element representations of rivets, the stress intensity factors (SIFs) for uncorroded and corroded one-bay stiffened panels were predicted. The results show that the effect of MSD and thinning of the sheet is to increase substantially SIFs values compare to that of a single crack without corrosion. But the SIF is insensitive to corrosion of stiffener. The particular rivet material has relatively little effect on SIF values, while the rivet diameter has a significant effect.
25
Machniewicz, Tomasz, Małgorzata Skorupa, Andrzej Skorupa, and Adam Korbel. "Applicability of Empirical Formulae for the Fatigue Notch Factor to Estimate Riveted Lap Joint Fatigue Strength." Solid State Phenomena 224 (November 2014): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.224.81.
Abstract:
A semi-empirical fatigue life prediction model under development by the present authors for riveted lap joints used in aircraft structures is outlined. In contrast to existing models, it will account for the influence of the rivet squeeze force on the fatigue life of riveted joints. To determine the effect of rivet-hole interference on the fatigue behaviour of a riveted joint, a series of fatigue tests on filled hole coupons with different amounts of interference will be carried out under loading conditions representing the bypass load, transfer load and secondary bending. These experiments will allow evaluating of the dependency of the fatigue notch factors on rivet hole expansion. Preliminary results obtained so far are presented in this paper.
26
Abdulla, Warda, and Craig Menzemer. "Finite Element Analysis of Heavy Duty Riveted Steel Grating Bridge Deck." CivilEng 2, no. 2 (June 12, 2021): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2020027.
Abstract:
Heavy duty riveted gratings are a good alternative for applications that often employ other deck systems, if they are carefully analyzed under static and fatigue loads. Understanding the static behavior of a riveted steel deck under tire patch loads will aid in establishing a design model based on an effective beam width. In addition, use of a riveted system avoids welded details that may lead to fatigue cracking, thereby improving design life. In this study, analysis of a typical riveted steel deck under a standard AASHTO fatigue truck with a 15% impact factor was conducted. Hand calculations were compared with the results of a finite element model using SAP2000 v19.2.1. Bending moments and stresses were evaluated and compared. Stresses at the rivet hole for the most highly loaded bearing bar were evaluated. A model for fatigue cracking around a rivet hole is discussed.
27
Kondo, Atsushi, Toshiyuki Kasahara, and Atsushi Kanda. "A Simplified Finite Element Model of Riveted Joints for Structural Analyses with Consideration of Nonlinear Load-Transfer Characteristics." Aerospace 8, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8070196.
Abstract:
A simplified finite element model of riveted joints for structural analyses which effectively incorporates nonlinear response of riveted joints is proposed. Load-transfer characteristics of riveted joints were experimentally and numerically studied. First, a detailed finite element analysis for the process of a tensile test of a single-row joint which consists of squeezing of the rivet and tensile loading to the joint was conducted to confirm the validity of a conventional method of analysis. The load–relative displacement behaviors of single-row joints observed in the detailed finite element analysis and previously conducted experiments agreed well. Then, a simplified method of the analysis was developed based on the detailed analysis and the experiments and was applied to analyses of multiple-row joints. A nonlinear relationship between load and relative displacement in the simplified analyses had good agreement with the detailed one. Distributed loads to the multiple rivets in the simplified analysis coincided with those of the detailed analysis under the maximum load. Memory and CPU time required to run the simplified analyses were reduced to about 1/4 and 1/6 compared to those of the detailed analysis, respectively.
28
Andhale, Yogesh S., Faeez Masurkar, and Nitesh P. Yelve. "Localization of Damages in Plain And Riveted Aluminium Specimens using Lamb Waves." March 24, No 1 (March 2019): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2019.24.11485.
Abstract:
The Lamb wave-based localization of damage is presented here separately for the plain and riveted aluminium (Al) specimens. The first part of this paper deals with the experimental damage localization of the plain Al specimen using Lamb waves and four piezoelectric wafer (PW) transducers. The PW transducers mounted onto the specimen in a collocated way are used to actuate and sense Lamb waves. The responses are obtained for both the pristine and damaged states of the Al specimen. The signal processing is carried out on the residual response using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), and time of arrival (TOA) data is obtained for each collocated actuator-sensor pair. The TOA data of the wave reflected from the damage is used in the two arrival time difference and astroid algorithms to locate the damage in an enclosed area. The genetic optimization (GO) method is used to further refine the location of damage within the enclosed area obtained using astroid algorithm. The second part of the paper deals with the localization of a faulty rivet in a riveted specimen. The responses are obtained in the cases of both healthy and faulty riveted specimens. The presence of a faulty rivet is indicated by the inflation in amplitude of the second harmonic. A new algorithm is therefore proposed by the authors to localize the faulty rivet, using the spectral content information. The results obtained through both the studies manifest the ability of the proposed methods for locating different types of defects and faulty rivets using an array of PW transducers.
29
LEONTYEV, V. V. "ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF A RIVET JOINT USING THE ABAQUS CAE SYSTEM." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 6 (2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2020-344-6-51-57.
Abstract:
The method for analyzing of stress-strain state characteristics of unloaded riveted joints performed with OST 1 11781-74 rivets has been developed using Coupled Euler-Lagrange finite element approach implemented in the CAD / CAE system Abaqus. A comparative analysis of the stress-strain state characteristics of the examined riveted joint’s finite element models using the Lagrangian and the Coupled Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element approaches has been conducted. A three- dimensional finite element model based on the CLE method has been proposed for further study of fatigue strength and durability of the loaded riveted joints.
30
Černý, Michal, and Josef Filípek. "Corrosion damage of rivet joints." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 4 (2008): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856040037.
Abstract:
The work describes the effect of the atmospheric corrosion upon the mechanical properties of blind rivets. The subject of given research is: corrosion of metal materials, system resistance, design modification and others means of prevention against the corrosion attack. The problem of blind rivets, blind rivet setting, setting equipment, terminology and definitions, characteristic, and special blind rivet setting is also analysed. The experiment itself, the experimental method and the evaluation of the test are described. Mechanism of riveted joint damage produced by galvanic corrosion is proposed. Considerable corrosion damage occurred at combination of the joint members and connected materials with different electrochemical potentials. Exposition to the corroding environment produces release of rivet clam, together with decrease of rivet stiffness. The proof of these mechanisms is documented by functional dependence F – ∆L and metallographic tests.
31
Rabalais, Christopher P., and C. Kennan Crane. "Dynamic Shear Strength of Riveted Structural Connections." Engineering Journal 53, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v53i4.1105.
Abstract:
Riveted lap-spliced specimens were tested to observe how the fasteners’ shear strengths were affected by joint configuration, number of shear planes, and loading type. A 200,000-lbf-capacity dynamic loader was used to fail the specimens under a monotonic dynamic or monotonic quasi-static load. The test data were normalized by the number of shear planes loaded in each test and estimated ultimate tensile strength of the driven rivet. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine the significant factors affecting the fastener shear strength. Conclusions from the analyses indicated that the loading type has the most significant effect on shear capacity, resulting in a dynamic increase factor of 1.72 relative to the rivet’s quasi-static shear capacity.
32
Fung, C.-P., and J. Smart. "Riveted single lap joints. Part 1: A numerical parametric study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 211, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954410971532460.
Abstract:
Snap and countersunk riveted single lap joints with either one or two-rows of rivets have been analysed using finite elements and fatigue tests have been performed. In this first paper, a numerical parametric study, the joints are subjected to an alternating cyclic load and plasticity and non-linear geometry are considered. The stresses around the rivet hole and the deformed shapes of the joints are presented together with the effects of varying the clamping force, the interference fit of the rivet, the coefficient of friction and the geometry of the joints when the joints are subjected to various loading histories. The effect of changing the variables is shown to be in agreement with other published data
33
Kamińska, Paulina, Piotr Synaszko, Patryk Ciężak, and Krzysztof Dragan. "Analysis of the Corrosion Resistance of Aircraft Structure Joints with Double-Sided Rivets and Single-Sided Rivets." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2020, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fas-2020-0006.
Abstract:
Abstract An important factor having a negative impact on the technical condition of aircraft structure elements is the adverse effect of the atmosphere, which causes formation of corrosion in aircraft structures, especially in riveted lap joints. The electric potential difference between the sheet material and the rivet, in the presence of humid air, may cause electrochemical corrosion. The paper presents specimens that imitate the repair on the Mi-24 helicopter with the use of blind rivets in places where solid double-sided rivets could not be used. The aim of the research was to assess the corrosion resistance of lap joints with the use of single-sided and double-sided rivets. The analysis of corrosion resistance was carried out based on accelerated aging tests in a salt spray chamber. The salt chamber tests were aimed at determining the changes taking place in the specimens exposed to the marine environment. In the course of periodic observations changes in the mass of the specimens and in the form of corrosion losses were recorded. These activities were aimed at determining whether the exposure of specimens in the salt chamber causes electrochemical corrosion or pillowing. In addition, the specimens were subjected to static strength tests to assess the effect of corrosion on the strength properties of riveted joints.
34
Baker, K. A., and G. L. Kulak. "Fatigue of riveted connections." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-017.
Abstract:
The renovation or replacement of existing steel bridges in North America is a topic of increasing importance. Because most older structures used riveted connections, rather than the bolted or welded connections that are common today, information on the fatigue life of riveted connections is required for a proper evaluation of the structure.The study reported herein provides a summary and evaluation of the existing data on the fatigue strength of riveted connections, and reports on the results of fatigue tests on some highway bridge members taken from service. Fatigue tests were also carried out on new material containing unfilled holes, both as a reference for riveted connections (rivets with zero clamping force) and with respect to new work in which misplaced holes might be present. The beneficial effect of filling misplaced holes with high-strength bolts is noted. Key words: bolts, failure, fatigue, holes, steels.
35
Otroshi, Mortaza, Gerson Meschut, Christian Bielak, Lukas Masendorf, and Alfons Esderts. "Modeling of Stiffness Anisotropy in Simulation of Self-Piercing Riveted Components." Key Engineering Materials 883 (April 2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.883.35.
Abstract:
The so-called substitute models based on shell elements can be used to design the self-piercing riveted components economically and with sufficient accuracy. In this study, the SPR3 (Self-Piercing Rivet) model with anisotropic stiffness parameters implemented in commercial simulation software LS-DYNA is used to describe the stiffness of self-piercing riveted joints subjected to different loading conditions. The model provides the basis for the subsequent fatigue life estimation of self-piercing riveted joints under cyclic loading. By accurate prediction of the stiffness of self-piercing riveted joints subjected to cyclic loading, the accuracy of the fatigue life estimation can be improved. To identify the stiffness parameters, the self-piercing riveted joints are subjected to loading conditions: axial tension, shear tension, and bending. To validate the model, the specimens are simulated under different loading conditions and the results are compared to the experiments. It is shown that the model with anisotropic stiffness parameters predicts the stiffness of specimens more accurately compared to the model with isotropic stiffness parameter.
36
Lei, Changyi, Qinggai Huang, and Yunbo Bi. "Tensile Load Distribution Improvement of Three-Row Riveted Lap Joint Based on Different Squeezing Displacement Combinations." Coatings 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070856.
Abstract:
Many previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of riveting parameters on single-row riveted lap joints. Little attention has been paid to multi-row riveted lap joints. The outer rows of a normal multi-row riveted lap joint usually bear a larger part of the tensile load. However, none of the studies relate the phenomenon to the squeezing displacement combination of a multi-row riveted lap joint. To improve the performance of a three-row riveted lap joint, this paper aims to reveal the internal relation between tensile load distribution, structural deformation and squeezing displacement combination. Theoretical discussion, numerical simulation and an experimental test have been conducted. Four different squeezing displacement combinations have been studied. The result indicates that an appropriate squeezing displacement combination can effectively make tensile load distribution more homogeneous. Each rivet can take approximately 33% tensile load. Structural deformation magnitude can be reduced as well. Compared with the worst situation, at the region most sensitive to tensile load, the max strain value can reduce about 53.22–79.76%. A suitable squeeze displacement combination is a simple approach for the performance enhancement of a three-row riveted lap joint. It can be practically applied in aircraft manufacturing without any additional equipment or skill learning.
37
Sadowski, T., and E. Zarzeka-Raczkowska. "Hybrid Adhesive Bonded and Riveted Joints – Influence of Rivet Geometrical Layout on Strength of Joints / Połączenia Hybrydowe Klejowo-Nitowe - Wpływ Geometrii Rozmieszczenia Nitów Na Wytrzymałość Połączeń." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 1127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0126-0.
Abstract:
The hybrid adhesive bonded and riveted joints have wider and wider application in different branches of engineering: aerospace, mechanical, civil etc. The hybrid joints’ strength is 1.5 to 3 times higher than only adhesive bonded joints’ strength. The hybrid joints characterize higher reliability during long-term working. In this article we present the influence of rivets’ lay-out geometry on the hybrid adhesive bonded/riveted joints response to mechanical loading. Experimental research was carried using 3-D digital image correlation system ARAMIS. This system enables monitoring of the deformation processes of the hybrid joint specimen up to failure. We analysed the state of deformation of the adhesive bonded double-lap joints reinforced by different numbers of rivets. The hybrid joint specimens were subjected to the uniaxial tensile test. Moreover, the influence of geometry of individual number of rivets’ layout (rivets arranged in one or more rows) for hybrid joint strength was studied. Experimental research was completed and supported by the computer simulations of the whole deformation processes of metal layers (aluminum), adhesive layers and rivets. Numerical simulations were conducted with the ABAQUS programme. The analysis of stress concentrations in different parts of the hybrid joint and their behaviour up to failure were investigated. Finally, the analysis and the comparison of the obtained results confirmed the influence of rivets’ lay-out geometry not only on rivets joints but also on the hybrid adhesive bonded/riveted joints.
38
Torres-Arellano, Mauricio, Manuel de Jesus Bolom-Martínez, Edgar Adrian Franco-Urquiza, Ruben Pérez-Mora, Omar A. Jiménez-Arévalo, and Philippe Olivier. "Bearing Strength and Failure Mechanisms of Riveted Woven Carbon Composite Joints." Aerospace 8, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8040105.
Abstract:
This research aimed to determine riveted carbon/epoxy composites’ mechanical performance when fabricated by resin transfer molding (RTM). As this manufacturing process is gaining importance in the aeronautics and automotive industries, assembly methods and their reliability must be studied in terms of their airworthiness and transportation implementation. The study case resumes the determination of the bearing strength of RTM-woven carbon composites for different rivet joint diameters (1/8, 5/32 and 3/16 in). The joint shear strength was obtained following the ASTM D5961 instructions, and post-failure analysis was carried out by a computerized tomography scan. A residual strength curve is provided with the results to infer the bearing strength for the riveted composites as a function of the rivet width-to-diameter ratio. A discussion of the fracture mechanism and tensile strength is carried out to assess the understanding of the riveted woven composites.
39
Mańkowski, Jarosław. "Numeric simulations of surface pressure and microslip phenomena occurring in riveted joints of semi-monococque structures in effect of the action of tension field." Advanced Technologies in Mechanics 3, no. 1(6) (March 2, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/atim.2016.1(6).34.
Abstract:
Tension fields are shown to have an influence on surface pressure and on material deformation in the riveted joints in thin walled structures and particularly in semistressed skin structures. Stresses and materials displacements were analyzed in the riveted joints performing under such conditions. Special attention has been attached to estimation of the microslips occurring between rivets and holes. A thin plate panel has been used for the test sample, which under effort condition revealed tension fields.
40
Wronicz, Wojciech. "Comparison of Residual Stress State on Sheets Faying Surface after Standard and NACA Riveting-Numerical Approach." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2016, no. 8 (June 1, 2016): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fas-2016-0011.
Abstract:
AbstractOne crucial characteristic of the aircraft structure are fatigue properties and rivets are usually critical areas in metal airframes due to fatigue cracks nucleation. According to literature, the NACA riveting method offers a huge increase in fatigue life of riveted lap joints. This paper presents FE simulations of quasi-static riveting on a press for standard countersunk rivets and the NACA riveting in two configurations: with a normal brazier rivet and a brazier rivet with a compensator. The analyzed configurations have been compared based on the stress courses on the sheets faying surfaces after riveting process. Due to a lack of data, the rivet length and the squeezing force value were assumed for NACA riveting based on FE simulations. The results indicated beneficial influence of the NACA riveting in the outer sheet (with a countersunk) and disadvantageous influence in the inner sheet. This effect was stronger in the case of the rivet with a compensator.
41
Nedelcu, Roxana, Daniela Bartiș, Anca Lupaș, Constantin Ilie, and Daniela Voicu. "Studies on Establishing a Methodology for Predicting the Riveted Joints Fatigue Durability in Aircraft Structures." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.668.
Abstract:
In this paper are described fatigue physical tests that were performed on a great number of riveted specimens with different constructive and technological parameters. Some of the purposes of the experimental tests, they were: determining the number of load cycles at which cracks by fatigue occurred, determining the moment of initiation, the location and propagation speed of the fatigue crack. For fatigue crack evolution study numerical models were designed. A simplified model for FEM analysis was proposed that reduced considerable the calculus effort and allows models for complex riveted joints. From the described experiments on specimens and numerical simulations there are some important conclusions regarding the fatigue phenomenon in riveted joints such as: important peculiarity of damage by multiple cracks is the cracks junction of adjacent rivet holes, which contributes, by jumping, to increase the degradation rate of assembly; the riveted joint model can be applied with good accuracy to estimate the durability of the structures inclusively to identify and prevent the cases of widespread fatigue damage.
42
Skorupa, Andrzej, Małgorzata Skorupa, Tomasz Machniewicz, and Adam Korbel. "An Experimental Investigation on Crack Initiation and Growth in Aircraft Fuselage Riveted Lap Joints." Materials Science Forum 726 (August 2012): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.726.211.
Abstract:
Effects of variables related to design and production of riveted lap joints representative of longitudinal sheet connections for a pressurized transport aircraft fuselage were experimentally investigated. The specimens from an aircraft Al alloy D16 Alclad sheets of three different thicknesses (1.9, 1.2 and 0.8 mm) were assembled under load control using round head rivets and rivets with the compensator from a P24 Al alloy. For the joints from 1.9 mm thick sheets fatigue tests indicated a dependency of the crack initiation site and crack path on the squeeze force level and on the rivet type. At the same time, increasing the squeeze force led to improved fatigue properties of the joints, specimens assembled using the rivets with the compensator showing fatigue lives consistently longer than joints with the round head rivets. All observed trends have been explained based on hole expansion and load transfer measurements. For thin sheets connected using the round head rivets, local deformations and indentations under the driven rivet head promoted crack initiation and failure in the adjacent sheet. Fatigue test results indicated that the detrimental effect of this type imperfections could outweigh the benefits associated with a decrease in secondary bending due to thinning the sheets. The rivets with the compensator were observed to cause significant local imperfections beneath the manufactured head, which adversely affected the joint fatigue performance.
43
Wronicz, Wojciech. "Experimental Validation of Riveting Process Fe Simulation." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2018, no. 10 (December 1, 2018): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fas-2018-0006.
Abstract:
Abstract Rivets are critical areas in metal airframes from the fatigue point of view. Fatigue behaviour of riveted joints depends strongly on the residual stress system around the rivet holes. The both most convenient and most common method of determining these stresses is the Finite Element (FE) analyses. The validation of models used is necessary to ensure the reliability of results. This paper presents the validation process of the riveting FE simulations for the universal and the countersunk rivets. At first, the material model of the rivets was validated with the use of the force–displacement curves of the press stamp obtained experimentally. Because of the displacement measurement method, it was necessary to take into account the flexibility of the stand. After that, good correlation between the numerical simulations and the experiment was obtained for both rivet types. At the second stage, strains around driven heads measured with the use of strip gauge patterns were compared with the results of the FE simulations. Quite good correlation was obtained for the countersunk rivet. In the case of the universal rivet, the numerical results are significantly higher values than the measured ones. Differences in correlation of the experiments and FE simulations for the analysed rivet types probably result from material differences of the rivets.
44
Zhou, Qiu Zhong, and De Qing Liu. "CATIA Based 3D Product Information Definition and Organization." Advanced Materials Research 658 (January 2013): 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.532.
Abstract:
It’s a problem of how to correctly express the complex products riveted joint information on product drawing, but the appearance of MBD technology would change it and provide an effective solution. The connotation of MBD technology using the text parameter and the flag note to express product non-geometric information was briefly elaborated, and the specific methods to express and manage the riveted joint geometric and non-geometric information was put forward. Through the analysis on the different express way and condition, the three elements such as riveting hole position, fastener installation direction and rivet hole direction was conveyed to express riveted joint geometry definition information. The flag note was used to identify and classify different riveting features, while the text parameter to express non-instantiated fastener, punching requirements, fastener installation requirements, number of holes and other types of non-geometric information. Additional, the flag note number was used to classify and manage all the non-geometric information in the structure specification tree. This method was realized to completely express the complex riveted joint information in a 3D model more easily and intuitively
45
Siva Sankara Rao, Yemineni, Kutchibotla Mallikarjuna Rao, and V. V. Subba Rao. "Estimation of damping in riveted short cantilever beams." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 23-24 (March 20, 2020): 2163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546320915313.
Abstract:
In layered and riveted structures, vibration damping happens because of a micro slip that occurs because of a relative motion at the common interfaces of the respective jointed layers. Other parameters that influence the damping mechanism in layered and riveted beams are the amplitude of initial excitation, overall length of the beam, rivet diameter, overall beam thickness, and many layers. In this investigation, using the analytical models such as the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and Timoshenko beam theory and half-power bandwidth method, the free transverse vibration analysis of layered and riveted short cantilever beams is carried out for observing the damping mechanism by estimating the damping ratio, and the obtained results from the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and Timoshenko beam theory analytical models are validated by the half-power bandwidth method. Although the Euler–Bernoulli beam model overestimates the damping ratio value by a very less fraction, both the models can be used to evaluate damping for short riveted cantilever beams along with the half-power bandwidth method.
46
Yang, Di, Weiwei Qu, and Yinglin Ke. "Local-global method to predict distortion of aircraft panel caused in automated riveting process." Assembly Automation 39, no. 5 (November 4, 2019): 973–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-06-2018-079.
Abstract:
Purpose The riveting process is a metal forming process involving complex elastic-plastic deformation, which will induce a compressive residual stress field and cause local distortions in the connecting areas. Regarding to the aircraft panel assemblies with plenty of rivets, the global deformation is inevitable and undesired, leading difficulties to downstream assembly processes. This paper aims to present a new method for the local distortion calculation and the global deformation prediction of sheet panel assemblies during the automated riveting process. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a simplified algebraic study is presented to analyze the local distortion of single countersunk rivet joint with the consideration of the barrel-like shape of the driven head and the through-thickness variations along the rivet shank. Then, an equivalent rivet unit is proposed based on the result of the algebraic study and embedded into the global-level model for the prediction of the overall distortions of riveted panels. Findings The algebraic study is able to reach a more precise contour of the deformed rivet than the traditional assumption of cylindrical deformations and rapidly determine the equivalent coefficients of the riveting unit. The result also shows an industrial acceptable accuracy of the prediction for the global deformations of the double-layered panel assemblies widely used in the aircraft panel structures. Originality/value A new local-global method for predicting the deformations of the riveted panel assembly based on the algebraic study of the local distortions is proposed to help the engineers in the early design stages or in the assembly process planning stage.
47
Liang, Kang, Li Ping Jiang, Hong Yu Wei, Wen Liang Chen, Hong Yu Jiang, Rong Wei Xu, Yu Bo Wang, and Lu Yu. "Interference Uniformity Analysis Based on the Clearance between the Hole and Rivet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.28.
Abstract:
The riveting quality has an important influence on the performance of the aircraft structure. The amount of interference can be an important indicator of the quality of riveted structure. The relationship between the clearance between rivet and hole and uniformity of interference is researched theoretically and experimentally against the aviation panel riveted structure. First, the riveting deformation stages are divided, and the deformation law is theoretically analyzed. The test scheme is designed and carried out based on the actual situation. Then, the experiment result is monitored and compensated. Finally, the relationship between the clearance between rivet and hole and uniformity of interfere is given out with the slope of interference as the uniform evaluation index.
48
Lundkvist, Axel, Imad Barsoum, Zuheir Barsoum, and Mansoor Khurshid. "Geometric and Material Modelling Aspects for Strength Prediction of Riveted Joints." Metals 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13030500.
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to develop a methodology for static strength and failure mode simulation of hot-driven riveted joints. The purpose is to be able to accurately estimate a rivet joint’s static strength behaviour and its failure mode without relying on experiments, to save both time and resources during the design of joints. The non-linear finite element analysis modelling framework considered the rivet joint configurations and geometry, the material properties of the plate and rivet as well as the clamping force of the hot-driven rivet. A ductile damage model was also implemented to capture the stress softening of the materials and the failure modes of the joints. Using experimental data from literature, the modelling framework is validated, and it is shown that it is able to capture the strength behaviour and failure modes of different configurations of rivet joints markedly well. The effect of the rivet pre-load on the mechanical response of the joint is also studied and it is shown that the strength of the joint increased with the increase in rivet pre-load. The modelling framework is then applied to an industrial component. The modelling framework is used to compare welding and riveting as joining methods in a component built in two grades of high-strength steel. It is found that the welded joint possessed greater strength compared to the proposed riveted joint. However, using the proposed simulation methodology developed, a riveted joint with matching strength to the welded joint could be designed.
49
GODZIMIRSKI, Jan, and Angelika ARKUSZYŃSKA. "Ability of Joining Composite Structures with Metal by Riveting." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9061.
Abstract:
The technology of repairing the composite coverings of the MiG-29 airframe provides for the possibility of repairing with the use of metal battens, connected with the composite cover by riveting, with the use of metal washers protecting the composite against damage during rivet upsetting. Tests were carried out to check the possibility of replacing the composite covering repairs with solid rivets with blind rivets, which would eliminate the necessity for the troublesome disassembly and assembly of the damaged covering. The conducted research shows that the threaded blind titanium rivets meet the requirements to be substitutes for solid rivets. The performed numerical calculations show that in riveted joints, an important role in the load transfer is played by the friction forces between the joined elements, and the value of these forces depends on the pressure of the head and the tab. Titanium blind threaded rivets provide higher pressure than cold-headed ones.
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Leite, Regina C. G., Abilio M. P. de Jesus, José Correia, Patricia Raposo, Renato N. Jorge, Marco Paulo Parente, and Rui Calçada. "A methodology for a global-local fatigue analysis of ancient riveted metallic bridges." International Journal of Structural Integrity 9, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 355–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-07-2017-0047.
Abstract:
Purpose Recent studies have proposed the application of local fatigue approaches based on fracture mechanics or on strain-life material relations for the fatigue analysis of metallic structures. However, only few studies in the literature apply local approaches in the riveted bridges analysis; although these approaches can be applied to any type of connections, requiring a detailed stress analysis of joints and, consequently, considerable computational resources costs. The approach based on S-N curves, formulated in nominal or net stresses, is more usual in the fatigue analysis of riveted bridges. Due to economic factors, riveted bridges have had their operating life extended, while changes in the transport system over the years have subjected such structures to overloads different from those originally planned. These bridges, most of them centenary, were not originally designed accounting for fatigue damage; they represent an important group of structures that are very likely subjected to significant fatigue damage indexes. These factors make necessary detailed residual fatigue life studies to substantiate the decisions of extend (or not) the operational period of these bridges. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The present paper presents a methodology aiming at applying the local approaches in the fatigue analysis of riveted joints of metallic bridges, through the use of sub-modeling techniques and procedures automation. The use of such techniques made such an application viable by keeping the computational costs involved at a moderate level. The proposed procedures were demonstrated using the Trezói Railway Bridge, located on the Beira Alta line, Portugal, built shortly after the Second World War. The proposed set of procedures allowed, through finite elements analysis, to obtain the relevant stresses to perform local fatigue damage analysis. A global structural model was constructed, using beam elements, and local models of a critical node were built with solid finite elements. The structure is analyzed under the passage of regulatory trains. The details of the modeling performed and the computation of the principal stresses in the vicinity of a node and the tangential/circumferential stresses at the holes of two critical riveted connections of that node are analyzed and a fatigue damage analysis is carried out. Findings In the proposed submodelling approach, disassembling the complex riveted nodes into riveted subassemblies allowed the evaluation of the local stresses at riveted holes at an affordable computational cost. Originality/value A methodology is proposed to allow the application of local fatigue analysis in real complex riveted joints, mitigating the computational costs that would result from a full model of the node with all rivets.