To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Rivers.
Journal articles on the topic 'Rivers'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Rivers.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Guo, Si Zhe, Qing Ping Wang, and Ming Ming Hou. "A Discussion on the Construction of Information Integration Based on the Integrated Development and Management of International River." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 5267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5267.
Full textAbstract:
Integrated development and management of international rivers requires objectively international river’s information integration.Based on the analysis of the connotation and requirement of integrated development and management of international rivers, the article point out that the information integration is the basis and means of the of integrated development and management of international rivers. And then analyze how to utilize modern information technology to build information management system of international river to achieve international river’s information sharing and scientific decision-making. Finally, analyze the factors affecting international river information integration.
2
Anwari, Muhammad Rizqan, and J. C. Heldiansyah. "MUSEUM SUNGAI DI BANJARMASIN." JURNAL TUGAS AKHIR MAHASISWA LANTING 10, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtamlanting.v10i2.871.
Full textAbstract:
The river museum in Banjarmasin is a place to capture the existence of rivers in Banjarmasin. The existence of rivers decrease in function and existence until it turns into a dead river. The river's existence is influenced by river culture. River culture is formed by people whose lives depend on rivers. Therefore, to preserve the information related to this matter, efforts are made by preserve and communicate it to the public by create a river museum.To create a river museum, the point of view concept is used which tells the museum narrative based on time, place, and actor. This concept is supported by the application of the sense of place method. Thus, river museums can make visitors educated and empathize with rivers in Banjarmasin.
3
Ryan, John Charles. "Towards an Indigenous Hydropoetics: Human-River Interdependencies in Aboriginal Australian Poetry." Trumpeter 40, no. 1 (2024): 2–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1113553ar.
Full textAbstract:
This article delineates the idea of an Indigenous hydropoetics as an ancestral outlook on rivers grounded in Aboriginal cultural traditions of, and everyday interactions with, rivers. In particular, two features—embodiment and relationality—prove integral to conceptualising Indigenous hydropoetics in response to the hydrological precarities of the present. Recognising rivers' capacity for agency, the idea is developed in relation to contemporary Aboriginal Australian poetry narrating long-standing human interdependencies with rivers. The hydropoetic verse of Jack Davis, Samuel Wagan Watson, and Jeanine Leane reveals embodied relations to—and relational epistemologies of—rivers and their habitats through a focus on Derbal Yerrigan (the Swan River) of Western Australia, Marrambidya Bila (the Murrumbidgee River) of New South Wales, and Maiwar (the Brisbane River) of Queensland, respectively. Their writing integrates Dreaming narratives and elicits river poiesis, while also confronting aquatic conservation urgencies in Australia. Evoking sacred rivers whose origins lie in the Dreaming, their work also presents a medium for reverent listening to the fluvial world. While Leane’s hydropoetics centres on the mediating role of memory—hers and the river’s—Watson’s poetry calls attention to fractured river ecologies in Brisbane's urban environment. For Davis, bodily relationality between humans, plants, and rivers presents a potent means of ecopolitical resistance through multispecies solidarity. Immersed in Aboriginal creation narratives, an Indigenous hydropoetics foregrounds the multidimensional intersections between humans, rivers, and all life, thus energising new imaginings of rivers and encouraging receptivity to their biocultural complexities.
4
Rocha da Silva, Maria do Socorro, Eduardo Antonio Ríos-Villamizar, Hillândia Brandão da Cunha, Sebastião Átila Fonseca Miranda, Sávio José Filgueiras Ferreira, Sergio R. Bulcão Bringel, Núbia Abrantes Gomes, Domitila Pascoaloto, and Luana Monteiro Silva. "A CONTRIBUTION TO THE HYDROCHEMISTRY AND WATER TYPOLOGY OF THE AMAZON RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES." Caminhos de Geografia 20, no. 72 (December 23, 2019): 360–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/rcg207246295.
Full textAbstract:
The geological diversity of the Amazon Basin, as well as the pluvial regime, influences the characteristics of the waters. To know the water types of the rivers of the Amazon basin, 288 superficial water samples were collected, 94 of them along the Amazon River and 194 in their tributaries, from March 2009 to September 2012. The physical, chemical, and physicochemical properties were analyzed. Rivers with pH between 6.5 and 7.6 and electrical conductivity (40.00 - 80.00 μS cm-1) are water bodies that are influenced by the Andean region (e.g., the Amazon River and some of its right bank tributaries). On the other hand, the rivers with pH in the range of 3.5 to 5.5 and conductivity <30.00 μS cm-1, which are Amazon River’s left bank tributaries, reflect the characteristics of the Guiana Shield. The rivers with pH (6.0 to 7.0), low ionic charge, and conductivity <40.0 μS cm-1, such as the lower Amazon River’s right bank tributaries (Tapajos and Xingu) which are influenced by the Central Brazilian Shield, and also the middle/upper Amazon River’s right bank tributaries (Tefé, Coari and Jutaí).
5
Kuparinen, Anna, and Juha Merilä. "Variation in the timing of river entry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Baltic." Current Zoology 55, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/55.5.342.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The timing of river entry in the Atlantic salmon is known to depend on genetic, demographic and environmental factors, but little is known about the relative magnitude of among population and among year variation and covariation in this respect in natural state Atlantic salmon rives. To investigate this, variability in the timing of river entry in three historical Finnish Atlantic salmon populations were analyzed using salmon trap data collected during 1870 - 1902. The analyses reveled that 1) the timing of river entry differed substantially and consistently among the rivers, and that 2) variation among the rivers was much larger than variation among years. Annual variations were not explained by regional environmental conditions, whereas in one river the timing of the local flood peak was a significant predictor of the timing of river entry. Differences in the timing of salmon entry to geographically closely situated rivers suggests that a regionally fixed opening date for coastal fisheries might not be the best management strategy as it may lead to uneven exploitation of salmon populations from different rivers
6
Sharma, Subodh, and Ram Devi Tachamo Shah. "Major stressors influencing the river ecosystems of Far and Mid Western Development Regions of Nepal." Current World Environment 14, no. 2 (August 16, 2019): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.14.2.07.
Full textAbstract:
Maintaining healthy river ecosystem is essential both from aquatic biodiversity conservation perspective as well as for the socio-cultural and economic development of nations all over the world. Many rivers in Nepal have largely been modified with the purpose of supplying drinking water, irrigating agricultural lands, producing hydro-electricity, and operating water mills. During the process, rivers are channelized and the river bed materials are removed. Such activities of river bed excavation have changed both the natural flow regimes and morphological characteristics of rivers. Studies on the impacts caused by such stressors on river ecosystems are lacking in the context of Nepalese river systems. Therefore we have assessed how these stressors might change the faunal composition of benthic macroinvertebrates in headwaters of the Western region of Nepal. The study was conducted in the headwaters of rivers of Mahakali and Karnali rivers. Habitat specific benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled from 33 sites seasonally in the year 2016 and 2017. Physical characteristics of rivers including river bed composition, water abstractions and other local stressors including waste dumping and washing-bathing were noted in the field. The study showed that macroinvertebrates community structures were significantly different in the habitat modified sites compared to reference sites. In general, abstracted sites coupled with river bed removals were found to be colonized by fewer taxa with high dominance of pool preference biota such as genera of Mayflies (Torleya spp., Caenis spp., Choroterpes spp.) and families of true flies (Chironomidae and Ceratopogoniidae). Macroinvertebrates’ abundance was significantly lower in the habitat modified sites. This study envisages that maintaining river’s habitats with minimal flows all round year could preserve ecological integrity of river systems.
7
Hossain, Md Muzammel, Iffat Jahan, Mudasir A. Dar, Maruti J. Dhanavade, Al Fattah Bin Mamtaz, Stephen J. Maxwell, Song Han, and Daochen Zhu. "A Review of Potentially Toxic Elements in Sediment, Water, and Aquatic Species from the River Ecosystems." Toxics 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2024): 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13010026.
Full textAbstract:
There is concern over potential toxic elements (PTEs) impacting river ecosystems due to human and industrial activities. The river’s water, sediment, and aquatic life are all severely affected by the release of chemical and urban waste. PTE concentrations in sediment, water, and aquatic species from river ecosystems are reported in this review. Among the PTEs, chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) revealed high pollution levels in water and aquatic species (fish and shellfish) at many rivers. The Karnaphuli, Ganga, and Lee rivers have high levels of Pb and Cd contamination, while the Buriganga and Korotoa rivers’ water had notable Ni contamination. A number of rivers with PTEs showed ecological risk as a consequence of the sediment’s potential ecological risk (PER), the pollutant load index (PLI), and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo). A comprehensive study suggests elevated PLI values in river sediments, indicating significant pollution levels, particularly in the Buriganga River sediment, marked by high Igeo values. The PER of the Shitalakshya and Buriganga rivers was marked as very high risk, with an Eir > 320, while the Dhaleshwari and Khiru rivers showed ‘high risk’, with 160 = Eir < 320. It was found that fish and shellfish from the Buriganga, Turag, and Swat rivers have a high concentration of Cr. PTE pollution across several river sites could pose health toxicity risks to humans through the consumption of aquatic species. The CR value shows the carcinogenic risk to human health from eating fish and shellfish, whereas an HI value > 1 suggests no carcinogenic risk. The occurrence of other PTEs, including manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), and nickel (Ni), significantly increases the ecological risk and concerns to aquatic life and human health. This study emphasises the importance of PTE toxicity risk and continuous monitoring for the sustainability of river ecosystems.
8
Akers, Mary Anne Alabanza. "Rivers Lost, Rivers Regained: Rethinking City–River Relations." Journal of Urban Technology 25, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2018.1472436.
Full text
9
Brett-Crowther, Michael. "Rivers lost, rivers regained: rethinking city-river relations." International Journal of Environmental Studies 75, no. 2 (September 14, 2017): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2017.1376861.
Full text
10
Samaras, Nikolaos, Evrydiki Tsola, Christos Samaras, and Aris Sapounakis. "River Restoration and Revitalisation in Urban Areas: Exploring Opportunities for the Elassonitis River in Elassona, Greece." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 20 (December 3, 2024): 745–56. https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2024.20.71.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout history, the role of rivers in urban areas has been vital and complex. Water elements have defined and embodied urban areas' structure, character, growth, economic relations, and social and environmental dynamics. Today, local authorities focus on restoration and revitalization projects in urban rivers as key urban elements for sustainable development. These efforts aim to enhance citizens' cultural memory and integrate rivers as essential elements of urban environments. The paper argues the importance of water elements in urban regeneration projects. It explores the possibilities for river restoration and revitalization through a case study of the Elassonitis River in the urban area of Elassona, Greece. We aim to identify the river's role in the community's life and the opportunities arising from its restoration. The methods used include surveys with the local community. The surveys detail the community's perceptions, needs, and expectations regarding river restoration. Lastly, it highlights the benefits of integrating water elements into urban regeneration, including environmental, social, and economic benefits. The case study of the Elassonitis River can influence similar projects in other regions, demonstrating the potential for rivers to become central elements of sustainable urban development.
11
Kim, Dongkyun, Tae-Sun Park, Jeryang Park, and Seung-Oh Lee. "A river environment index for Korean national rivers: rationale, methods and application." Water Policy 16, no. 3 (January 30, 2014): 481–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.108.
Full textAbstract:
A methodology for indexing river environmental condition was developed and applied to 269 subsections of national rivers located in the Republic of Korea, based on a river management perspective. The resulting index has been called the River Environment Index (REI). To develop the methodology, a total of 32 factors related to a river's environment were initially investigated, from which 16 were chosen based on their measurability, predictability, measurement regularity and obtainability. Then, using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and based on a survey of 62 river management experts in Korea, the weighting coefficient for each of the 16 factors was determined. Finally, the REI values were estimated by linearly combining the 16 measured factors for the 269 river subsections and mapped using a geospatial information system platform. We expect that the REI will be used to increase the efficient allocation of national budgets for environmentally-friendly river restoration projects of the country's national rivers. Through this new index, prioritization of these rivers will be made using an holistic river management perspective.
12
Surjono, Sugeng S., Erlangga Wijaya, Andreas Yufianto, and Arfian Firmansyah. "THE POTENTIAL OF LAHARIC FLOWS DISASTER ALONG GENDOL AND OPAK RIVERS, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA." ASEAN Engineering Journal 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v4.15541.
Full textAbstract:
Gendol River flows from the south slope of Merapi Volcano meets Opak River to form a wider river, namely Opak River. In the upper stream of Opak and Gendol Rivers area, volcanic material accumulated from the 2010 Merapi Volcano eruption that ready to flow downstream through both rivers. The total amount of volcanic material in the Merapi’s peak area is predicted as much as 140 million cubic meters, part of it is distributed in the upper stream of both rivers. In the downstream area, the Opak River flows nearby the great Prambanan Temple and across the main road of Yogyakarta-Surakarta capital cities.To know the laharic flow disaster potential of both rivers, collecting of primary data along the river flows is needed in order to understand the characteristic and mechanism of laharic flows. DEM analysis combined with ArcGIS 9.3 tools are applied to know the additional volume of volcanic material after 2010 Merapi Volcano eruption. The triggering factor of laharic flows in the study area including the runoff, soil water saturation rate, rainfall and soil water saturation time are mathematically calculated based on data analysis on soil mechanics.Based on the calculation of thickness and distribution in the Merapi Peak area, the mass volcanic material that is ready to be transported as the laharic flows through Gendol and Opak Rivers is around 14,745,496 m3. The volcanic material can transform into laharic flows by initial runoff if the soil water saturation column reach at least 5.96 m. With the rainfall average in the southern part of Merapi Volcano is 17.32 mm/day, that saturation value can be reached by 21.8 hours in the upper stream area and 17.67 hours in the lower part area. If the laharic flows occurred, the damage would happen in villages along the rivers, Prambanan Temple, and Opak River’s Bridge connecting Yogyakarta-Surakarta main road.
13
Hashim, Sarfraz, Xie Yuebo, Muhammad Saifullah, Ramila Nabi Jan, and Adila Muhetaer. "Integrated Evaluation of Urban Water Bodies for Pollution Abatement Based on Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision Approach." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/327280.
Full textAbstract:
Today’s ecology is erected with miscellaneous framework. However, numerous sources deteriorate it, such as urban rivers that directly cause the environmental pollution. For chemical pollution abatement from urban water bodies, many techniques were introduced to rehabilitate the water quality of these water bodies. In this research, Bacterial Technology (BT) was applied to urban rivers escalating the necessity to control the water pollution in different places (Xuxi River (XXU); Gankeng River (GKS); Xia Zhang River (XZY); Fenghu and Song Yang Rivers (FSR); Jiu Haogang River (JHH)) in China. For data analysis, the physiochemical parameters such as temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3N) were determined before and after the treatment. Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) method was used for relative significance of different water quality on each station, based on fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). The overall results revealed that the pollution is exceeding at “JHH” due to the limit of “COD” as critical water quality parameter and after treatment, an abrupt recovery of the rivers compared with the average improved efficiency of nutrients was 79%, 74%, 68%, and 70% of COD, DO, TP, and NH3N, respectively. The color of the river’s water changed to its original form and aquatic living organism appeared with clear effluents from them.
14
Boymurodov, Kh, and S. Suyarov. "Bivalve mollusk fauna and ecological groups of Unionidae and Corbiculidae families in natural and artificial reservoirs of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126501014.
Full textAbstract:
The length of the rivers in Uzbekistan and the presence of all the biotopes in the mollusks have made they a favourable reservoir for the mollusks. However, it should be noted that all species in the rivers differ in their density. Rivers and fishery farms play a great role in formation of bivalve mollusks fauna in the canals. It was studied the fishery farms of the Syrdarya River and its surroundings have a major effect on the fauna of the Mirzachul and South Mirzachul canals; the Zarafshan River’s effect on spreading of bivalve mollusks in the Dargom and Eskiankhor canals; the Amudarya River and its surrounding areas influence of fishery farms on the fauna of the Amu-Bukhara, Kizketgan and Karshi main canals. Colletopterum family breeds in the water studied, do not show any superiority in natural or artificial reservoirs compared to other breeds. Three species of these family are included in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan (C.baсtrianum, C. cyreum sogdianum, C. kokandicum). C. Bactrianum can be found only in rivers in the middle Zarafshan and Amudarya, in the Syrdarya river (Syrdarya Region only), in the reservoir and in the fishery farms only in Chelak, and the canals only in the Tuyatortar and Mirzachul canals.
15
Peng, Jing, Shaoming Li, and Lan Qi. "Study on river regulation measures of dried-up rivers of Haihe River basin, China." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 6 (March 1, 2013): 1224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.680.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the ecological environment of plain rivers within Haihe River basin is questionable because of severe water shortages. Most of the rivers dry up regularly and it is therefore necessary to take measures to improve the river ecological environment. Meanwhile, flood control is the principal function for most of the dried-up rivers, so river regulation works for flood control also should be undertaken. In this paper, some measures of river regulation were selected applied to the Haihe River basin, taking these measures not only ensure the river security but also realize its ecological benefit. Examples of the application of selected measures for the representative rivers, Yongding River and Hutuo River, both located within the Haihe River basin, are also assessed. These measures provide practical solutions to ecological and flood control problems of dried-up rivers, are generic in nature, and could therefore be applied to other same type rivers.
16
Pears, B., A. G. Brown, J. Carroll, P. Toms, J. Wood, and R. Jones. "Early Medieval Place-Names and Riverine Flood Histories: A New Approach and New Chronostratigraphic Records for Three English Rivers." European Journal of Archaeology 23, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 381–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2019.72.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental information from place-names has largely been overlooked by geoarchaeologists and fluvial geomorphologists in analyses of the depositional histories of rivers and floodplains. Here, new flood chronologies for the rivers Teme, Severn, and Wye are presented, modelled from stable river sections excavated at Broadwas, Buildwas, and Rotherwas. These are connected by the Old English term *wæsse, interpreted as ‘land by a meandering river which floods and drains quickly’. The results reveal that, in all three places, flooding during the early medieval period occurred more frequently between AD 350–700 than between AD 700–1100, but that over time each river's flooding regime became more complex including high magnitude single events. In the sampled locations, the fluvial dynamics of localized flood events had much in common, and almost certainly differed in nature from other sections of their rivers, refining our understanding of the precise nature of flooding which their names sought to communicate. This study shows how the toponymic record can be helpful in the long-term reconstruction of historic river activity and for our understanding of past human perceptions of riverine environments.
17
Allan, C., C. G. Flint, M. C. Thoms, and R. J. Watts. "Human–River Relationships." River Research and Applications 40, no. 9 (November 2024): 1645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.4379.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTRivers and people are tightly coupled. How people relate to rivers dictates their understanding of rivers and approaches to river management. The numerous ways people interact with rivers create complex patterns of social–ecological relationships and interdependencies. Despite this tight coupling, rivers and humans are often studied and managed as separate entities, to the detriment of river environments. Conceptual pluralism is required to move beyond existing practice to avoid irretrievable loss of ways of framing and working with our river environments. The articles in this special issue approach human–river relationships from three perspectives. First, there is a subset that enters the discussions via the human aspects of relationships with rivers, particularly the human frames, metaphors, definitions, or concepts used to reflect on human activities related to rivers. The second subset approaches relationships via the river dimensions, with particular focus on the impacts of human modifications to river ecosystems. Finally, the third subset more fully emphasizes the relationships between humans and rivers. The wide‐ranging dialogue provided in these articles highlights the need for a wider research agenda for rivers that embraces social–ecological systems and other integrative, inclusive ways of understanding. As a collective, these articles advocate the value of creating new river knowledge embedded within a social–ecological context, action, and advocacy.
18
Oliveira, Paula Caroline dos Reis, Marcos Gomes Nogueira, and Luciana Pinto Sartori. "Differential environmental impacts on small and medium size rivers from center of São Paulo State, Brazil, and regional management perspectives." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 26, no. 4 (December 2014): 404–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2014000400008.
Full textAbstract:
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate, comparatively, the influence of distinct environmental impacts in the watershed on the rivers Capivara, Lavapés, Araquá and Pardo and the transference of effects downstream. METHODS: The limnological/water quality study was carried out in rainy (March/2007) and dry (September/2007) seasons, considering 17 sampling stations. RESULTS: Variables such as channel width and depth, water velocity and temperature increased towards the river's mouth; water transparency, velocity and dissolved oxygen were higher in the upstream regions. Light penetration was total at most sampling stations and pH was predominantly acid. The sampling stations impacted by pollution sources, Lavapés and Araquá Rivers, exhibited higher values of electric conductivity, suspended solids, total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total dissolved phosphorus, BOD, and thermotolerant coliforms. Higher values of electric conductivity, turbidity and suspended solids were observed in the rainy season, whereas higher chlorophyll concentrations occurred in the dry season. The Lavapés River exhibits the worst environmental condition, while Capivara River is under better state of conservation. This study shows that it is urgent the implementation of measures for preservation and restoration of these regional aquatic ecosystems. All studied rivers were influenced by seasonal variation, sewage discharges and by watershed use and occupation. The TSI is a good analysis tool. The studied rivers export organic matter and TN, TP and SS loads to Tietê and Paranapanema rivers. CONCLUSIONS: This study show the importance of river management and that the accelerated degradation of the river systems indicates the little progress of the Brazilian legislation in terms of preservation and good management practices and that the interface between science, law, management and conservation need to be improved.
19
Obodovskyi, О., K. Danko, and O. Pochaievets. "THE TOTAL HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS RIVERS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 66-67 (2017): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2017.66.2.
Full textAbstract:
The results of calculating the total hydropower potential of Ukrainian Carpathians rivers were presented in the article. The total hydropower potential of specific sections of the rivers was calculated. The boundaries of the sections were identified by the changing characteristics of hydraulic channels.Calculation of the total hydropower potential of the rivers of the Carpathian region for Tisa, Siret, Prut and Dniester river basins, which have a length over 10 km were executed. There 334 rivers in the region were examined, 1,247 sections were identified. Total hydropower potential of Ukrainian Carpathians rivers are 2340531 kW or 2340,5 MW. The volume potential annual capacity consists 20.5 billion KWh / year. The largest hydroelectric capacity is typical for the Tisza river basin (within Ukraine). Their total hydropower potential amounts 1092,4 MW, provides 46.4% all hydropower capacity of all Carpathian rivers of Ukraine. Hydroelectric power of Dniester river basin is 34,9% (321 MW) of the total general hydropower potential of the rivers of the Carpathian region of Ukraine. Part of the hydropower potential of the rivers of Prut river basin amounts 17,2% (404 MW) and of the Siret river basin amounts 1,01% (24 MW). Total hydropower potential of the rivers of Ukrainian Carpathians proportionate to production capacity Dnipro hydropower cascade. In addition, total hydropower potential of rivers Ukrainian Carpathians exceeds economically effective hydropower potential of rivers in Ukraine to 3 bln. kWh / year, which is 17.5 billion. kWh / year.
20
Yahaya, Tajudeen, Mutiyat Kehinde Adewale, Tawakalt Fagbayi, Titilola Fausat Salisu, Ja’afar Umar, and Junaidu Nasir. "Concentration, characterization, and risk assessment of microplastics in two main rivers in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 11, no. 3 (August 8, 2024): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2024.31.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Dukku and Kalgo rivers in Kebbi, Nigeria, provide essential ecosystem services such as drinking and domestic water, fishing, and farming. However, the safety of these rivers in terms of microplastic pollution has not been investigated. This study aimed to characterize and determine the concentration and associated risks of microplastics in both rivers. Methods: Microplastics were extracted from water samples through filtration and analyzed using spectroscopy and microscopy. Results: Significant concentrations of microplastics were detected in both rivers. Dukku River samples showed concentrations ranging from 125.00 to 160.30 particles/liter, while Kalgo River ranged from 119.30 to 134.70 particles/liter. Both rivers predominantly contained microplastic fibers and fragments, with fibers comprising the highest percentages (61% in the Dukku River and 56% in the Kalgo River). Microplastics in Kalgo River were predominantly sized between 0 and 100 µm, whereas in Dukku River, sizes ranged from 500 to 1000 µm. Polyamide was the dominant polymer, constituting 50% in the Dukku River and 42.50% in the Kalgo River, followed by polyethylene (34% in the Kalgo River and 25.60% in Dukku River), and polyvinyl alcohol (24.40% in Dukku River and 23.50% in Kalgo River). The predominant risk level posed by these polymers was level III (moderate risk), although polyamide posed a level IV risk (high risk). The pollution load index (PLI) for both rivers exceeded one, indicating a high risk. Conclusion: Microplastic pollution in these rivers poses ecological and health risks. Identifying and mitigating sources of microplastic entry into the rivers is crucial to reducing exposure levels.
21
Dombrovskiy, K. O., and A. F. Rylsky. "Micro- and macrofauna of benthic invertebrates of the estuary section of the Mokra Moskovka, a small river in the City of Zaporizhzhia." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 29 (July 21, 2022): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.29.2022.07.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, in the period of scientific and technological progress, the anthropogenic impact on the environment keeps increasing. At the same time, its forms and its degree are very diverse. The study of aquatic ecosystems, including ecosystems of small rivers, is one of the applied environmental researches. Small rivers form water resources, hydrochemical composition and water quality of medium and large rivers. They form natural landscapes and contribute to human economic activities.
Most of the indicators classify the current environmental state of small and medium rivers of Zaporizhzhia Region as unsatisfactory. The main reason for this situation is an excessive anthropogenic load on environmental systems of small rivers that have a noticeable reaction to any interference. One of the consequences of this process includes siltation of small rivers. A small river Mokra Moskovka is not an exception to the above-described characteristics of aquatic ecosystems. The river flows through the territory of Zaporizhzhia Region and its lower part of about 11 km long flows in the densely built-up part of the City of Zaporizhzhya. The mouth section of the Mokra Moskovka River is 2.6 km long and runs through the territory of Aleksandrovsky and Kommunarsky districts of Zaporizhzhia from the river's mouth to the Zaporizhzhia-1-Zaporizhzhia-2 railway bridge. Over the years of its existence, the mouth section of the small river's bed silted up considerably and has an unsatisfactory condition. This is due to the rising of the Kakhovka Reservoir water level and daily fluctuations of the Dnipro's water level that together lead to the reverse movement of water masses and emergence of stagnant phenomena within the studied portion of the river's bed. In addition, the outlets of the municipal rainwater drainage system present a significant source of the sediment, debris and pollutants entering the river.
In order to improve the environmental condition of the Mokra Moskovka and remove its silt sediments within the bounds of the city, the riverbed was being cleared during 2004-2013. Our data indicate that the thickness of the river's silt sediments reaches 1.0-1.5 m in some places. To restore and maintain favorable hydrological regime and sanitary condition of the mouth section of the Mokra Moskovka it is planned to clean the mouth section of the river channel from silt sediments using hydromechanization technologies and dredging mechanisms in 2022-2023 (scheduled activities).
The research is aimed at studying the structural organization of the bottom fauna of the estuary section of a small river Mokra Moskovka within the urban ecosystem. The work is based on the results of our own hydrobiological research. During the observation that took place in 2021 53 species of benthic invertebrates were recorded at the mouth of the watercourse. It was found that, out of the total number, 21 species belonged to the macrozoobenthos and 32 – to the benthic microfauna groupings. The conducted saprobiological assessment of the studied river sections for the indicated organisms of micro- and macrozoobenthos revealed that the surveyed part of the watercourse belongs to the α-mesosaprobic zone and is classified as "polluted waters" according to the surface water quality classification. In order to improve the environmental condition of the mouth section of the Mokra Moskovka River it is necessary to implement certain measures of biological water treatment using modern biotechnological solutions developed in Ukraine.
22
Et.al, Jaffry Zakaria. "Dynamic and Structure Profiling of Kampar River, Slim River and Sungkai River: White Water Recreation Rivers in the State of Perak, Malaysia." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.747.
Full textAbstract:
In Malaysia, there are many rivers that are being the attraction for white water river activities. Perak, is a state on the west of Peninsular Malaysia has several rivers that are suitable for white water river activities and being among the favourite location for white water river activities enthusiasts. Among the well-known white water rivers in Perak state are Kampar River, Slim River, Sungkai River, Singgor River and Sungai Bernam River. The attraction of a white water river depends on several factors. One of the important factor is the classification of rapid difficulty level. To date, the classification of rapid difficulty level in Malaysia is based on the international standard scale and certified by The International Canoe Federation (ICF). Apart from that, other attraction factors such as river water quality, geographical location, logistics facilities, transportation access, facilities, operator reputations and promotions are among other attraction factors. This present study aims to identify the main attraction factors in the white water rivers in Perak State. Dynamic and structure profiling of the rivers was produced. The white water rivers selected in this study were Kampar River, Slim River and Sungkai River. From the study, Kampar River was identified to be the most preferred river for white water activities compared to Slim River and Sungkai River. Findings from the study was resourceful in the effort of constructing a complete profile of white water rivers structure located in the state of Perak besides promoting white water river activities as a structured recreational tourism activity in Perak.
23
Yuan, Kangqi, Junying Chu, Zuhao Zhou, Jiajia Liu, Yuwei Chen, Ying Wang, and Zuohuai Tang. "Identifying Non-Perennial River Reaches: A Hybrid Model Combining WEP-L and Random Forest." Sustainability 16, no. 23 (December 1, 2024): 10543. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310543.
Full textAbstract:
The proportion of non-perennial rivers within the global river network is increasing, and research on these rivers has significantly grown in recent years due to their important role in water resource management and ecosystems. However, existing identification methods primarily rely on river networks with monitoring data and often overlook the temporal variation in flow, limiting further research and analysis. We propose a novel identification approach that couples the WEP-L model with random forest prediction, based on a comprehensive analysis of the limitations of current methods. Specifically, this method involves simulating river flow and incorporating time-series forecasting to facilitate the identification of non-perennial rivers. This approach also divides non-perennial rivers into significantly seasonal and non-significantly seasonal rivers by incorporating seasonal analysis, providing a theoretical foundation for studying their causes and formulating conservation strategies. Using the Yellow River basin in Gansu province as a case study, the results indicate that the total length of non-perennial rivers is 13,085.67 km, accounting for 42.09% of the region’s river length. The cessation periods of significant seasonal non-perennial rivers are primarily in fall and winter, while flow periods are concentrated in summer. The findings provide valuable guidance for the ecological conservation and sustainable management of non-perennial rivers, both in the Yellow River basin and other regions. The introduction and application of this method are expected to improve the identification and management of non-perennial rivers, contributing to the long-term sustainability of water resources.
24
Gíslason, Gísli Már, Jón S. Ólafsson, and Hákon Adalsteinsson. "Animal Communities in Icelandic Rivers in Relation to Catchment Characteristics and Water Chemistry." Hydrology Research 29, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1998.0008.
Full textAbstract:
Catchment areas of Icelandic rivers are mostly barren or with little vegetation cover in the highlands, but with heathland and mire vegetation in the lowlands. Chemical composition and nutrient availability in Icelandic rivers are influenced by geology, topography and vegetation cover in the river basins. This seems to determine the density and diversity of benthic invertebrates, species composition of anadromous fish and catch of salmon in Icelandic rivers. Species composition of benthic communities is determined by particulate organic matter drifting downstream from river head-waters. Filter feeding blackfly larvae dominate lake outlets, while algal grazing chironomid larvae dominate rivers not influenced by lakes. In well vegetated catchment basins, lake-fed rivers have higher catches of salmon than non-lake fed rivers. Only a few of the rivers flowing from poorly vegetated areas sustain salmon. Glacial rivers have the lowest density and diversity of benthic invertebrates of all river groups and do not sustain fish populations.
25
Hz, Masykur, Bintal Amin, Sofyan Husein Siregar, and Jasril. "Water Quality Status of the Rivers in Tembilahan City Based on Physical-Chemical Parameters and Storet Index." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 20, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw230012.
Full textAbstract:
Tembilahan city has several tidal-type rivers flowing into the Indragiri river which encountered a waste pollution problem. This research aims to obtain insight into the water quality of the rivers in Tembilahan City. Characteristics of rivers that flow in urban areas are vulnerable to water quality degradation and environmental pollution due to high anthropogenic activities. Water quality data, which includes physical and chemical properties of water, were obtained from monitoring four rivers as sampling stations representing several rivers in Tembilahan city. The sampling location was determined based on the representativeness of the human activity area. The river water quality status was analysed by using Storet Index. The results showed that the water quality of the rivers in Tembilahan City has a score of -31 which indicates that the rivers are categorised as polluted rivers. Therefore, there is a need for river revitalisation management with the participation of the public sector and the community in Tembilahan City.
26
Gogoi, Bijoylakshmi, Devojit Bezbaruah, and Yadav Krishna Gogoi. "River terraces assessment to evaluate the regional tectonic activity of the fore parts of Mishmi Block and Manabhum Anticline, North-east India: A conjunctive approach using Field Mapping and Satellite imagery." Disaster Advances 16, no. 8 (July 15, 2023): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1608da039054.
Full textAbstract:
Terraces are the remains of a river's old floodplain. They are created when a river channel is downcut into its former floodplain, which is then deserted and subjected to lateral erosion. A former floodplain's downcutting, abandonment and lateral erosion can be caused by local or regional tectonic uplift, changes in the climate and changes in the river's discharge or a combination of these. The 1950 Mw 8.6 Great Assam Earthquake, which completely wrecked the region, occurred in the Mishmi Hills. The study area lacks tectonics research, therefore understanding the region's undulations requires a thorough understanding of terraces. Using ArcGIS 10.4, a digital elevation model (DEM) with a 30m resolution and satellite images form Google Earth Pro was superimposed on the Survey of India's topographic map for this investigation. The goal of the study is to use terrace analysis to comprehend the regional tectonic activity of the entire frontal and foothills of the Mishmi Hills. The Lohit, Dibang and Noa Dihing River are the most notable rivers in the research area. The rivers possess incised valleys and tributaries where different level of terraces may be identified. The terraces of the said rivers and tributaries are the subject of this study. Since the terrace levels vary from valley to valley, it is impossible to correlate adjacent valleys. The terraces are typically found where one of these rivers and one of its tributaries converge. The tectonic influence on various features in the studied area is typically defined through the study of terraces.
27
Čanjevac, Ivan, Katarina Pavlek, and Danijel Orešić. "River lengths in Croatia determined from a topographic map at a scale of 1:25,000." Hrvatski geografski glasnik/Croatian Geographical Bulletin 84, no. 1 (July 14, 2022): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21861/hgg.2022.84.01.01.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents methodologically consistent length measurements of rivers with a total length of 40 kilometres or more in the Republic of Croatia. These measurements were performed by vectorising river channels from a topographic map at a scale of 1:25,000. Contemporary orthophoto maps were used as additional cartographic sources for verification. The approaches used to determine the starting and ending points of rivers, i.e. sources and mouths or confluences, have been explained and their spatial coordinates were listed. The results showed that in terms of total river length, the 21 rivers in this study differed from the available official data by less than 5%. Considerable differences were found for rivers where significant river engineering works had been carried out to channelize and divert flow, as well as for rivers in the Adriatic Basin where there have been methodological differences in determining the river mouth, and for large lowland rivers where changes in channel planform are common due to natural dynamics and engineering interventions. Moreover, this research revealed that the longest Croatian river, with its source, confluence, and both river banks situated entirely within the territory of Croatia, is the Karašica River, with a total length of 148 km.
28
Kozaki, Daisuke, Mohd Hasbi bin Ab Rahim, Wan Mohd Faizal bin Wan Ishak, Mashitah M. Yusoff, Masanobu Mori, Nobutake Nakatani, and Kazuhiko Tanaka. "Assessment of the River Water Pollution Levels in Kuantan, Malaysia, Using Ion-Exclusion Chromatographic Data, Water Quality Indices, and Land Usage Patterns." Air, Soil and Water Research 9 (January 2016): ASWR.S33017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s33017.
Full textAbstract:
Water qualities of three suburban rivers, namely, Kuantan, Belat, and Galing rivers, in Kuantan, Malaysia, were examined effectively by using ion-exclusion/cation-exchange chromatography with water quality indices and land usage data. Specifically, we have focused on evaluating and grasping the effect of sewage/household wastewater discharged from housing areas in the Kuantan district on the river water quality. Based on this study, the following beneficial information were obtained effectively: (1) the pollution levels in the three rivers (Kuantan River: Classes I–III, Belat River: Classes I–III, and Galing River: Classes I–V) are linked with the urbanization level of the river basin area; (2) differences in the biological reactions in the different pollution level rivers are understood; (3) Galing River is among the most polluted rivers not only in Kuantan but also in the Peninsular Malaysia, owing to poor water treatment of the sewage/household wastewater discharged from the river basin area.
29
Fernandes, Lina L., Pratima M. Kessarkar, Suresh Suja, Durbar Ray, and Mithila Bhat. "Seasonal variations in the water quality of six tropical micro- and mesotidal estuaries along the central west coast of India." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 9 (2018): 1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17181.
Full textAbstract:
Seasonal nutrient dynamics were investigated in four rivers with a microtidal range (Terekhol, Chapora, Sal and Talpona rivers) and were compared with those of two rivers with a mesotidal range (Zuari and Mandovi rivers) along the central west coast of India. Rainfall and freshwater discharge during the wet season led to salinity stratification of the water columns at the mouths of these rivers. Nutrient concentrations in all rivers were higher during the wet season than in the dry season due to considerable land run-off. Based on the estuarine mixing diagrams of the nutrients with regard to salinity, the mesotidal rivers showed greater flushing capacity and acted as corridors for the passage of nutrients between the estuary and open ocean. Conversely, of the microtidal rivers, the Terekhol and Chapora seemed to retain nutrients, whereas there was no indication of the presence of a nutrient sink or source in the Talpona River. The Sal River was eutrophic with high nutrient levels and acted as a source of phosphorus and nitrogen. Thus, the present study clearly illustrates the important role played by minor river estuaries in modifying nutrient concentrations during their transport from rivers to coastal waters and vice versa.
30
(Babu), Kudrat-E.-Khuda, Md Riaduzzaman ., Tahmina Akter, and Sumaia Akther. "Negative Effects of the Urban River Pollution on the Environment and Human Health in Bangladesh." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 1081–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i03.001.
Full textAbstract:
Based on research findings, Bangladesh’s river water, crucial for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use, has long been in a terrible situation. There have been numerous instances of significant contamination in the waterways surrounding Dhaka city, including the Buriganga River, and in Chattogram city, including the Karnaphuli River, over the past 40 years. The existing data demonstrate that other urban rivers, particularly Karatoa, Teesta, Rupsa, Pasur, and Padma, are also in severe condition due to the disposition of huge pollutants. Contaminants flowing with the water have severely polluted the downstream areas of the rivers. High metal concentrations are frequently observed in river water during the dry season. In the Buriganga River and at certain locations in the Turag, Balu, Sitalakhya, and Karnaphuli Rivers, the presence of dissolvable oxygen (DO) is nearly zero. NO3, NO2, and PO4-3 pollution has also occurred in many rivers. Most rivers have Cr, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd, Mn, As, and Ni concentrations beyond the legal limit for drinking water. In contrast, some rivers have metal concentrations above the legal irrigation water limit. The majority of the rivers, particularly the peri-urban rivers in Dhaka city, Teesta, Korotoa, Rupsha, Karnaphuli, and Meghna Rivers, have significantly higher metal concentrations, according to sediment data. Metal concentrations in sediment are generally higher than USEPA standards in most rivers. Metal concentrations in fish and crops demonstrate metal bioaccumulation. The trend in metal concentration follows the order of water, fish, and sediment. It has been shown that crops irrigated with tainted water contain dangerous metals. The analysis of daily intake data on carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic substances reveals that consuming contaminated food can seriously impact human health.
31
Shrestha, Madhav K., and Rahul Ranjan. "Territory and status of dolphins in Nepalese rivers: A review." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.026.01.40.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Nepal is endowed with vast water resources in form of glaciers, lakes, streams and rivers. All the rivers in Nepal are connected to the Ganges River system of India. The major rivers are reliable sources of water and provide habitats for aquatic animals, opportunities for hydropower, and irrigation development in downstream regions. The major rivers of Nepal include the Koshi, Gandaki (Narayani), Karnali, and Mahakali which all drain from north to south. These rivers support abundant wildlife species as well as a number of fishes, amphibians and reptiles. Most relevant to this paper is the Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica Roxburgh, 1801). The Ganges River Dolphin preys on fish, mollusks and other aquatic animals. Being a migratory species, the dolphins move from larger rivers to their tributaries, seasonally. This paper is intended to review work on the status of Ganges River Dolphin in Nepalese rivers based on secondary data obtained from different published surveys targeting the dolphin populations. The records show the Karnali River has the largest population, followed by the Koshi and Narayani rivers, with no record of dolphins occupying the Mahakali River in recent years. Recent surveys estimate about 100 dolphins living in Nepal, with 80 estimated in the Karnali River. Different anthropogenic activities including construction work, intensive fishing, pollution and the lack of conservation planning for dolphins have resulted in a decline in number from historic levels. The presence of this aquatic mammal is considered as an indicator of the overall health of the river system. The COVID-19 pandemic and lock down might have caused increased dolphin sightings. Additionally, high pre-monsoon precipitation in recent years have caused higher water levels in smaller rivers, possibly causing the dolphins to return earlier than usual to the major river systems. They were recorded to be present in the Mohana and other small tributaries of the Karnali River as early as first week of June.
32
Erskine, W. D., M. J. Saynor, L. Erskine, K. G. Evans, and D. R. Moliere. "A preliminary typology of Australian tropical rivers and implications for fish community ecology." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04078.
Full textAbstract:
Australian tropical rivers are dependent on highly seasonal rainfall and runoff between November and April. They also transport low sediment and solute loads, except where catchments have been disturbed by mining, grazing and cropping. Aquatic habitats or channel units are the physical template influencing fish communities. Pools provide dry-season refuges for fish and channels provide pathways for movement between refuges when streamflows are re-established. A preliminary geomorphological typology of Australian tropical river reaches (excludes estuaries) is proposed that defines nine distinct river types: (1) bedrock rivers (upland channels and gorges); (2) bedrock-confined rivers; (3) avulsive rivers; (4) meandering rivers (confined meandering, laterally migrating unconfined and laterally stable unconfined); (5) straight rivers; (6) floodouts; (7) island- and ridge-anabranching rivers; (8) co-existent mud-braided and anabranching rivers; and (9) extensive freshwater wetlands and billabongs. Many of these have not been recognised overseas and are unique. Channel units differ greatly between river types and contribute to distinctive fish communities in different river types. As expected, fish diversity decreases upstream because of less diverse habitat and natural barriers to fish movement at steps, falls and turbulent cascades and rapids. Fish kills occur in most years and are caused by several different factors that reduce dissolved oxygen.
33
Richardson, Martin, and Mikhail Soloviev. "The Urban River Syndrome: Achieving Sustainability Against a Backdrop of Accelerating Change." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 13, 2021): 6406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126406.
Full textAbstract:
Human activities have been affecting rivers and other natural systems for millennia. Anthropogenic changes to rivers over the last few centuries led to the accelerating state of decline of coastal and estuarine regions globally. Urban rivers are parts of larger catchment ecosystems, which in turn form parts of wider nested, interconnected systems. Accurate modelling of urban rivers may not be possible because of the complex multisystem interactions operating concurrently and over different spatial and temporal scales. This paper overviews urban river syndrome, the accelerating deterioration of urban river ecology, and outlines growing conservation challenges of river restoration projects. This paper also reviews the river Thames, which is a typical urban river that suffers from growing anthropogenic effects and thus represents all urban rivers of similar type. A particular emphasis is made on ecosystem adaptation, widespread extinctions and the proliferation of non-native species in the urban Thames. This research emphasizes the need for a holistic systems approach to urban river restoration.
34
Ahmad, A. K., A. Hafizah, and S. O. Sharifah Aisyah. "Chironomidae (Order: Diptera) diversity in relation to water quality of highland rivers at Cameron Highlands, Malaysia." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 3(SI) (May 31, 2021): 824–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/3(si)/jeb-14.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: This study aims to determine Chironomidae diversity and distribution in three small rivers at Cameron Highlands in relation to their response to water quality conditions. Methodology: Fifteen sites from three rivers (Palas River, Pauh River and Bertam River) were chosen for water quality measurements and Chironomidae sampling. Water quality was analysed following APHA standard methods and chironomid was identified to genus level. The rivers were classified based on Malaysian’s Water Quality Index (WQI) and macroinvertebrates diversity and distribution was analysed using diversity indices. Comparison between sites and river was undertaken using one-way ANOVA and chironomid appearance in relation to water quality was evaluated using Pearson correlation test. Results: Chironomidae (Order: Diptera) distribution at high altitude rivers in Malaysia is not well documented although this group of insect has a wide range of distribution in tropical region. Based on Malaysian water quality index (WQI), result shows all rivers were in Class I. Although still in Class I, Bertam River has slight lower water quality due to higher ammoniacal nitrogen and total suspended solids. The diversity indices also demonstrate that Bertam Rivers was in stress conditions, and other two were in moderate conditions. Three subfamilies (Chironominae, Orthocladiinae and Tanypodinae) were recorded, which comprises of 1963 individuals. Tvetenia (Subfamily: Orthocladiinae) was the most dominant but only dominated Palas River and Pauh River. Another genus from Orthocladiinae (Crocotopus and Rheocrocotopus) also recorded dominant only in Palas River and Pauh River, but lesser in Bertam River. Only Polypedilum (Subfamily: Chironominae) which was second highest recorded, dominated in all rivers, even highest in Bertam River. Amongst dominant genus, only Polypedilum was found dominant in all rivers, others were only dominating Palas River and Pauh River only. Interpretation: This findings exhibit wide range of adaptations and potential use of Polypedilum as biological indicator. Due to availability of incomplete keys, identification to species level cannot be undertaken. However, this study reveals thirteen different sub-group of Polypedilum based mouthpart organs, which represent different species for tropical ecosystems.
35
Mykhailyk, Olha. "RIVER ECOSYSTEMS OF THE FOREST-STEP AND STEPPE: NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PECULIARITIES OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 83 (April 14, 2023): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2023.83.200-210.
Full textAbstract:
Natural features of river ecosystems of forest-steppe and steppe zones are considered. The problems of anthropogenic loading of the rivers of the dissected plains and their coastal areas are indicated. Measures of urban planning organization of coastal territories of river ecosystems of forest-steppe and steppe zones are proposed.
According to the type of river and the natural area of the river basin in Ukraine, there are 3 types of rivers: Polish rivers, rivers of forest-steppe and steppe zones (dismembered plains), and mountain rivers. The most common are the rivers of the dissected plains, to which this article is devoted. These rivers usually have wide valleys, gentle slopes, many rivulets and streams, the speed of the flow of these rivers is 0.2-0.3 m/sec. The geographical location of river basins gives special characteristics to rivers and their coastal areas, which must be taken into account during their urban development.
In order to improve the ecological condition of forest-steppe and steppe river ecosystems, preserve and revive their natural component, and prevent the negative consequences of anthropogenic load on the river ecosystems of the dismembered plains, a complex of measures is required - state draft laws and programs with sufficient funding, scientific research developments, and public support. This publication is devoted to proposals for urban planning organization of coastal areas and preservation of the natural component of river ecosystems of dismembered plains.
The natural state of forest-steppe and steppe river ecosystems will be preserved if the following economic and urban planning measures are carried out: - clearing of riverbeds from excess air-water vegetation; at the same time, reed stalks can be used as fuel and for roofing houses, which is a traditional ecological material;- clearing of springs and wells that have a hydraulic connection with water areas;- a complex of anti-slide measures, - a set of anti-erosion measures aimed at eliminating gullies by filling them in, landscaping them with special-purpose plantings; - protection against flooding; - reclamation of quarries; - banning the discharge of wastewater into rivers, which will preserve surface water resources and the purity of mineral springs; - the continuity of the annual period of carrying out scientifically based ecological releases from reservoirs - from April 15-20 to May 9-10; - establishment of coastal protection strips of rivers, restrictive Green and Blue lines; - improvement of recreational reservoirs; - compliance with the regime of economic activity.
The implementation of the mentioned urban planning measures in combination with the adoption of legislative programs, scientific research, sufficient funding and an active position of the public will definitely lead to the revival and preservation of the natural component of the river ecosystems of the dismembered plains. More than 60% of Ukraine's water resources are formed in the basins of small rivers, therefore improving the ecological condition of small rivers is the key to the revival of medium and large rivers.
36
Gharib Ghafur, Pshtiwan, and Rozhan Faraidun Abdulrahman. "Impact of Rivers on Seasonal Changes in Water Level." Journal of University of Raparin 11, no. 5 (October 29, 2024): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(11).no(5).paper1.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted regarding the impact of rivers on Darbandikhan Lake's seasonal water level change. The aim of this study is to illustrate the impact of rivers on the lake through seasonal water level change from its tributaries. To achieve the research objectives, descriptive and quantitative methods were used. The findings showed that the highest water level of the lake was 467.72 m (a.s.l.) in Spring and that its storage capacity and area were 1.2554 billion m3 and 46.26 km2, respectively. In contrast, the lowest water level of the lake was 458.62 m (a.s.l.) in Autumn, with storage capacity and area of 908.2 million m3 and 32.38 km2, respectively. The river's share of discharge into the lake varied annually. The Tanjaro River averaged 6 m3/s (19.6%), the Chaqan River 0.47 m3/s (1.52%), the Zalm River 1.17 m3/s (3.77%), the Sirwan River 20.55 m3/s (66.28%), and the Zmkan River 2.74 m3/s (8.83%), all of which contributed to the lake annually. River discharge was influenced by physical factors such as topography, slope, and climatic elements, in addition to human factors such as water resource management policies, population and land use/land cover in the study area.
37
Lin, Xianbiao, Dengzhou Gao, Kaijun Lu, and Xiaofei Li. "Bacterial Community Shifts Driven by Nitrogen Pollution in River Sediments of a Highly Urbanized City." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 3794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203794.
Full textAbstract:
Effects of nitrogen pollution on bacterial community shifts in river sediments remain barely understood. Here, we investigated the bacterial communities in sediments of urban and suburban rivers in a highly urbanized city, Shanghai. Sediment nitrate (NO3−) and ammonia (NH4+) were highly accumulated in urban river. Operation Taxonomic Units (OTUs), Abundance-based Coverage Estimators (ACEs) and Chao 1 estimator in urban rivers were slightly lower than those in suburban rivers, while Shannon and Simpson indices were higher in urban rivers than those in suburban rivers. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phylum communities, accounting for 68.5–84.9% of all communities. In particular, the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Nitrospirae were significantly higher in suburban rivers than in urban rivers, while relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Spirochaetes were significantly lower in suburban rivers than in urban rivers. NH4+ was significantly and negatively correlated with abundances of Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, and Actinobacteria. Importantly, the significant and negative effects of sediment NH4+ on bacterial richness and diversity suggested that nitrogen pollution likely contribute to the decrease in the bacterial richness and diversity. The results highlight that nitrogen enrichment could drive the shifts of bacterial abundance and diversity in the urban river sediments where are strongly influenced by human activities under the rapid urbanization stress.
38
Mykhailyk, Olha. "RIVER ECOSYSTEMS OF POLISYA: NATURE, CAUSES OF DEGRADATION, METHODS OF URBAN PLANNING AND LAND REGENERATION." Grail of Science, no. 12-13 (June 2, 2022): 711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.29.04.2022.129.
Full textAbstract:
In this article we have analyzed the current state of the ecosystems of Polesye rivers in Ukraine, the causes of their degradation. We have primarily made recommendations for urban planning and the reclamation of coastal areas of Polesye rivers in urban and suburban areas. Ukrainian rivers are classified into 3 categories: Polesye rivers, mountain rivers and rivers in river-cut valleys. In this article we analyzed the natural features of Polesye river ecosystems and the reasons and factors of their degradation. We have made some recommendations with respect to town-planning and the reclamation of coastal territories: in both urban and suburban zones.The river ecosystem is a naturally balanced formation - disturbance of the coastal area directly affects the state of the riverbed. Maintaining the natural (optimal) functioning of the river ecosystem and its catchment area helps to increase their self-cleaning capabilities and minimize the impact of extreme situations, including low-water years. Any measures for the preservation or reconstruction of the ecosystem of the river and river valley should be aimed at the reproduction of natural complexes, originally characteristic of the area and the landscape.In order to maintain, preserve, protect and restore the ecological balance, the urban organization of coastal areas of Polissya rivers in urban and suburban areas should take into account the presence of wetlands of coastal areas, the number of wetlands, small number of aquatic and air-water plants. features of Polissya river ecosystems. The dominance of the landscape direction of the urban organization of the coastal areas of Polissya will help maintain the natural balance, which is the key to maintaining the purity of Polissya rivers and the stability of coastal areas.
39
Kolesnikova, Evgeniia. "Environmental issues in sustainable use of water from minor and medium rivers in the Yenisei River Basin District." E3S Web of Conferences 163 (2020): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016303007.
Full textAbstract:
Minor and medium rivers of the Russian North regions are vulnerable to anthropogenic impact. The article deals with the water use problems in the Yenisei River Basin where about 90% of the rivers used for water supply are minor and medium. Aassessment of the main sources of anthropogenic impact at the rivers of the region is given. The article substantiates the main problems in sustainable use of water in the Yenisei River Basin, such as water pollution, regulation of river flow and water resource depletion. The methods of estimation of acceptable water intake are analyzed, empirical and analytical probability curves of water intake values for each season for eleven rivers are built. Environmental flow for eleven rivers, as the average month and average annual values, are calculated.
40
Sheng, Qiang, Wang Xu, Long Chen, Lei Wang, Yudong Wang, Yihong Liu, and Linshen Xie. "Effect of Urban River Morphology on the Structure of Macroinvertebrate Communities in a Subtropical Urban River." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 13, 2022): 10046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610046.
Full textAbstract:
Channelization is the most common hydraulic modification of urban rivers. Here, we assessed the effects of urban river morphology on benthic communities by analyzing the characteristics of benthic communities at various sites in channelized and natural rivers of the Longgang River system in southern China. We detected four Clitellata species, five Oligochaeta species, one Polychaeta species, 10 Gastropoda genera/species, two Bivalvia genera/species, two Crustacea genera/species, and 14 Insecta genera/species. Insecta and Oligochaeta were the dominant classes in the wet and dry seasons, and Chironomus plumosus was the most dominant species. The density of Clitellata was significantly lower in channelized rivers (0–0.74 ind/m2) than in natural rivers (0.61–4.85 ind/m2). The Shannon’s diversity index was significantly lower in channelized rivers (0.66–1.04) than in natural rivers (0.83–1.28) in the wet and dry season. NH3.N was positively correlated with Shannon’s diversity index, and chemical oxygen demand and river width were negatively correlated with Shannon’s diversity index. When the concentration of total phosphorus (TP) was low (<3 mg/L), it was positively correlated with Shannon’s diversity index. Our findings indicate that river channel morphology affects benthic faunal structure and diversity, but the effects varied among seasons. Minimized channelization will prevent the loss of aquatic biodiversity in subtropical urban rivers, as will preservation of natural rivers.
41
Walks, D. J. "Persistence of plankton in flowing water." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-131.
Full textAbstract:
Models of river plankton frequently suggest that these passively drifting communities are limited to downstream sections of larger rivers. I examine this hypothesis using a passive drift model for populations in advective environments, followed by a comparison of predicted and observed plankton populations in rivers. Under the scenario of continuous downstream drift, much of the plankton found in rivers is not predicted to occur. However, much of the observed plankton in rivers is explained through the addition of cross-channel flow heterogeneity to the model. Empirical data support the model and predict that many river plankton populations may be drifting downstream at less than 30% of the average rate of downstream flow. Plankton collections in the slower-moving edges of rivers demonstrate densities of up to 240% higher than those in adjacent midchannel flows (p = 0.009). These slow-moving areas are important habitat for river plankton and likely play a large role in planktonic food webs within rivers. These results may help explain why river productivity often decreases as a result of the loss of flow heterogeneity within river channels through human modification to landscapes.
42
Mykhailyk, Olha. "RIVER ECOSYSTEMS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS: NATURAL FEATURES, AND URBAN PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF COASTAL TERRITORIES." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 81 (August 31, 2022): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2022.81.263-273.
Full textAbstract:
For each city with a unique natural basis, the connection with the water space determines the historical process and patterns of development, structure and architectural appearance, cultural traditions and way of life, typology and status of urban spaces. An important component of comfortable living conditions in cities is the harmonious coexistence of urban environment with nature: river arteries, green parks, neighborhoods of birds, animals, and waterfowl feed cities with natural energy, balance anthropogenic impact, and neutralize smoke, pollution, car noise. But in the face of powerful growing urbanization, the degradation of the natural component is a sad reality. The natural features of the river mountain ecosystems of the Carpathians are considered. The Carpathians have the highest density of river networks - in this relatively small area, there are about 28 thousand rivers, streams, and streams. The river with its coastal territory, floodplain, coastal meadows, fields, forests is a whole harmoniously connected ecological system - the degradation of one component leads to an imbalance, to the violation of natural ties, to the loss of the integrity of the ecosystem. It is important to preserve the floodplain, which is a natural protection zone for the river, ecotones, and river biocenosis. It is possible to improve the condition of rivers and preserve biodiversity only if balanced management is implemented throughout the river's catchment area. Mountain and foothill regions of the Carpathians are distinguished by the highest specific weight of forests and shrubs in Ukraine (56.1% of the territory) and the lowest agricultural development (36.4%) and plowed land (17%). Carpathian rivers are regulated by dams due to frequent floods - the total rise of water reaches 5 m or more; the width of the dam space is 200-300 m.
The lack of a convenient network of tourist trails along the picturesque Carpathian rivers and streams, bicycle paths, trails for horseback riding, and the improvement of ecological promenade routes limits tourists to visit and have a comfortable rest in this beautiful region of Ukraine. The experience of foreign specialists in the urban planning organization of the coastal areas of mountain rivers proves the importance of a harmonious combination of the natural component with the comfort of the improvement of the coastal zone. The following examples prove the possibility of creating a comfortable coastal environment in difficult mountain conditions, while maintaining the natural balance of the river ecosystem. The landscaping of the coastal areas of mountain rivers in the Czech Republic, Switzerland, and Japan was analyzed. Proposals regarding the urban planning organization of the coastal territories of the mountain river ecosystems of the Carpathians are presented.
43
Shaw, Ed, Debbie Coldwell, Anthony Cox, Matt Duffy, Chris Firth, Beckie Fulton, Sue Goodship, et al. "Urban Rivers Corridors in the Don Catchment, UK: From Ignored, Ignoble and Industrial to Green, Seen and Celebrated." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 7646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147646.
Full textAbstract:
Research on urban rivers often seeks to find commonalities to advance knowledge of the effect of urbanisation on rivers, and rightly so. But it is important, also, to develop a complementary understanding of how urban rivers can be distinct, to facilitate a more nuanced view of concepts such as the ‘urban river syndrome’ and of the challenges facing those who wish to create more sustainable urban river corridors. To this end we use the Don Catchment as a case study to illustrate how historic patterns of urbanisation have been fundamental in shaping the catchment’s rivers. Following the Industrial Revolution, the catchment became an industrial centre, resulting in the ecological death of river ecosystems, and the disconnection of communities from stark urban river corridors. Widescale deindustrialisation in the 1970s and 1980s then resulted in a partial ecological recovery of the rivers, and ignited public interest. This history has imbued the catchment’s urban river corridors with a distinctive industrial character that can vary greatly between and within settlements. It has also left a legacy of particular issues, including a high degree of river habitat fragmentation and physical modification, and of negative perceptions of the rivers, which need improving to realise their potential as assets to local communities.
44
Xu, Fei, Yonggang Wang, Xu Wang, Dayong Wu, and Yuanyuan Wang. "Establishment and Application of the Assessment System on Ecosystem Health for Restored Urban Rivers in North China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 5619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095619.
Full textAbstract:
The study on ecosystem health evaluation for restored urban rivers is of specific significance to improving river health and realizing the adaptive management for urban river ecosystems. Based on the health definition of restored urban rivers in North China, this study attempted to set up a system of alternative indicators on ecosystem health assessment, including water quality, water regime, aquatic organism, riparian environment, and physical morphology. Additionally, a set of health assessment system was proposed, including selection of assessment indexes and determination of assessment criteria and health classes. Taking seventeen typical restored urban rivers in Beijing as the assessment target, the said system was applied in assessing urban river health in 2016 and 2019. As the assessment results indicated, in 2016, the health statuses of 29 percent of urban rivers were ordinary, while 71 percent of urban rivers were somewhat inferior. In 2019, the health state of only one urban river reached “good” level. The health statuses of 88 percent of urban rivers were ordinary, and 6 percent were somewhat inferior in terms of comprehensive health index. In 2019, the health states of rivers improved significantly compared with that of 2016, which indicated that most urban rivers saw marked improvement in ecosystem health after ecological restoration. The health assessment system proposed in the paper not only could be applied to regular evaluation of restored urban rivers in the north but also was suitable for a contrastive health-state analysis between different years prior to or after the restoration. In order to carry out adaptive management of water ecology in urban rivers, the measures of ecological restoration could be adjusted based on the regular health assessment and health weakness analysis.
45
Dahal, Kamala. "River Culture in Nepal." Nepalese Culture 14 (February 24, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nc.v14i0.35187.
Full textAbstract:
Most of the world civilizations are developed in the river basins. However, we do not have too big rivers in Nepal, though Nepalese culture is closely related with water and rivers. All the sacraments from birth to the death event in Nepalese society are related with river. Rivers and ponds are the living places of Nepali gods and goddesses. Jalkanya and Jaladeviare known as the goddesses of rivers. In the same way, most of the sacred places are located at the river banks in Nepal. Varahakshetra, Bishnupaduka, Devaghat, Triveni, Muktinath and other big Tirthas lay at the riverside. Most of the people of Nepal despose their death bodies in river banks. Death sacrement is also done in the tirthas of such localities. In this way, rivers of Nepal bear the great cultural value. Most of the sacramental, religious and cultural activities are done in such centers. Religious fairs and festivals are also organized in such a places. Therefore, river is the main centre of Nepalese cultural activities and we can find the remains of ld cultural remains in river basins.
46
Qi, Xuejun, Xing Zhao, Bin Fu, Lanjing Xu, Haibin Yu, and Shuyan Tao. "Numerical Study on the Influence of Rivers on the Urban Microclimate: A Case Study in Chengdu, China." Water 15, no. 7 (April 4, 2023): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15071408.
Full textAbstract:
The urban heat island phenomenon in large cities is becoming increasingly serious as urbanization continues to develop, seriously affecting the lives of urban residents. Rivers can effectively alleviate urban heat islands and improve the thermal comfort of riverfront space in summer. Thus, the effect of rivers on the urban microclimate environment is studied in this work. A section of the Fu River in the inland city of Chengdu was selected as the research object, and a combination of experimental and numerical simulation methods was employed. ENVI-met software was used to study the river’s influence on the air temperature, relative air humidity, and the thermal comfort of the riverfront space. The measured experimental parameters are first used to verify the accuracy of the ENVI-met software simulation results, which are then employed to carry out simulation research. The simulation results suggest that the different types of underlying surfaces have varying impacts on the air temperature and relative air humidity. Rivers have a significant cooling effect on the regional thermal environment, and roads have a warming effect on the air temperature. The order of influence of different underlying surfaces on air temperature is as follows: rivers > roads > trees. Rivers have an obvious humidifying effect on the air, and roads have little effect on relative air humidity. The order of influence of different underlying surfaces on relative air humidity is as follows: rivers > trees > roads. The results of the outdoor predicted mean vote (PMV) reveal that rivers, trees, and green plants can effectively improve the comfort of individuals downwind.
47
Mawat, Mohammed Jabbar, and Ahmed Naseh Ahmed Hamdan. "Assessing the Impact of Proposed Regulator’s Construction on Water Quality of Shatt Al-Arab River-Iraq." Journal of Engineering 30, no. 8 (August 1, 2024): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2024.08.07.
Full textAbstract:
The Shatt Al-Arab River, in southern Iraq, flows southeastwards through Basrah City to the Arabian Gulf. Seven creeks are branched off the river: Jubyla, Muftya, Robat, Khandek, Ashar, Khora, and Saraji, where they are affected by tidal phenomena. The change in the hydrological status of the river over the last decade has adversely affected the quality of the river's water. Urban sewage and industrial wastewater are usually discharged directly or indirectly into the river. The entire river's course is studied, starting at the point where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers meet in the Qurnah district and extending into the vicinity of the river's estuary. The use of the Shatt Al Arab River in modelling a planned regulator on the river is demonstrated as one of the solutions offered to address the deterioration of river water quality. Results showed a slight increase in organic nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia, organic phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand by (4.76, 3.61, 7.23, 4.44, 2.76, and 12.27%), respectively, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen by 2.6% were because of trapping pollutants fed by rivers branches and cleaning process stopping that was caused by the tides. This increase is expected. It does not cause significant harm compared to the benefit expected from constructing the regulator because of the high decrease in total dissolved solids by 30.58% and phytoplankton by 80.7%. In addition, there are government efforts to prevent this pollution by establishing a system of conveyor pipelines to get rid of these pollutants. It is concluded that there is a great benefit to establishing a regulator.
48
Li, Bin, Yanjie Liang, Xiaolian Yan, Shuqing Yang, Xin Li, and Jun Lu. "Morphological Characteristics of Constrained Meandering Rivers in the Loess Plateau." Water 16, no. 19 (October 8, 2024): 2848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16192848.
Full textAbstract:
In the Loess Plateau of China, loess is widely distributed and forms a unique geomorphic feature of the world. Meanwhile, the Yellow River water and sediment regulation system is under construction. Nonetheless, the morphological characteristics of constrained meandering rivers in the Loess Plateau are still unknown due to the difficulty of extracting the sediment-laden water body. An improved method is proposed based on Landsat 8 imagery, which automatically extracts the multi-band spectral relationship of high-sediment-concentration rivers in valleys. This study analyzes the morphological characteristics of constrained meandering rivers in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, including their sinuosity, periodicity, curvature, and skewness based on the deflection points bend segmentation and continuous wavelet transform methods. These characteristics are then compared with those of other constrained meandering rivers and alluvial meandering rivers. The results show that the sinuosity of the constrained river bends is generally low (with an average of 1.55) due to limitations imposed by the riverbanks, which prevent full development. The average dimensionless curvature radius of the constrained rivers is 18.72, lower than that of alluvial rivers. The skewing angle of the constrained river bends typically inclines upstream, with a proportion reaching 59.44%. In constrained river bends, as the sinuosity increases, the proportion of bends skewing upstream initially increases and then gradually decreases. This indicates that constrained river bends can develop similarly to alluvial bends at lower sinuosity but are limited by the mountains on both sides at medium sinuosity. The analysis of river characteristics in regions with different geological structures reveals the effect of geological structures on the formation of constrained rivers in the Loess Plateau. These findings can provide a reference for selecting reservoir dam sites and are important for the dredging engineering layout in the middle reaches of the Loess Plateau. They also offer quantitative explanations for the meandering characteristics of these rivers.
49
Drozdenko, Tatiana V. "Planktonic algoflora of small rivers in urban conditions (on the example of the Mirozhka and Pskova rivers, Pskov, the Pskov Region)." Samara Journal of Science 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55355/snv2023122104.
Full textAbstract:
The paper studies the planktonic algoflora of the Mirozhka and the Pskova Rivers. The research was carried out in the early autumn period of 2019. The taxonomic composition of the Mirozhka River included 107 species and intraspecific taxa of microalgae, the Pskova river 76 species taxa of algae from 7 phylums: Bacillariophyta, Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, Cryptophyta, Euglenozoa, Miozoa. The basis of the floral complex in both rivers were diatoms and green algae. The representatives of the Ochrophyta department also made a visible contribution to the species richness of the algoflora of the Mirozhka River. The degree of floral similarity of phytoplankton communities of the Mirozhka and Pskova rivers, calculated using the Sorensen-Chekanovsky index, was 55,7% (51 species of microalgae were common to the rivers). The average phytoplankton abundance in the Mirozhka River was 891,9 thousand cells/l, and in the Pskova river 199,6 thousand cells/l, biomass 366,9 micrograms/l and 79,6 micrograms/l, respectively. According to ecological and geographical analysis, freshwater widespread planktonic forms of microalgae predominated in both rivers, preferring slightly alkaline waters. Beta-mesosaprobionts prevailed in relation to organic matter pollution in rivers (38,5% the Mirozhka River; 41,8% the Pskova River), which indicates moderate pollution of the studied watercourses. The average saprobity index of the Mirozhka River and the Pskova River was 2,1 and 1,9, respectively, which makes it possible to attribute the waters of the studied watercourses to the 3rd class of quality moderately polluted.
50
Murphy, Michael L., K. V. Koski, J. Mitchel Lorenz, and John F. Thedinga. "Downstream migrations of juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in a glacial transboundary river." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 2837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-178.
Full textAbstract:
Migrations of juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the glacial Taku River (seventh order) were studied to assess movement from upriver spawning areas (in British Columbia) into lower-river rearing areas (in Alaska). Differences between fyke-net catches in the river and seine catches in the river's estuary indicated that many downstream migrants remained in the lower river instead of migrating to sea. In particular, age-0 coho salmon (O. kisutch) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) moved downriver from May to November but were not caught in the estuary. Age-0 sockeye salmon (O. nerka), coho presmolts, and other groups delayed entry into the estuary after moving downriver. We tagged groups of juvenile coho (ages 0-2) from the fyke net with coded-wire to determine when they left the river. One-third of all tags recovered from sport and commercial fisheries occurred 2-3 years later, showing that many coho remained in fresh water for 1-2 years after moving to the lower river. Lower-river areas of large glacial rivers like the Taku River can provide essential rearing habitat for juvenile salmon spawned upriver and are important to consider in integrated whole-river management of transboundary rivers.