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FINLAYSON, B. L., and S. O. BRIZGA. "The Oral Tradition, Environmental Change and River Basin Management: Case Studies from Queensland and Victoria." Australian Geographical Studies 33, no. 2 (October 1995): 180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1995.tb00693.x.
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Paterson, John. "Water Management and Recreational Values; Some Cases in Victoria, Australia." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0021.
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The growing recognition of recreational and amenity demands on water systems introduces a multitude of issues, many of them complex, to the established tasks of water quality management and water management generally. Victorian case studies are presented. They (1) illustrate the range and diversity of situations that can arise in managing competition and enhancing compatibility between traditional water supply objectives and recreational demands. (2) Fluctuation of storage levels, essential to storage operations, detract from recreational value. Recreational and tourism demands upon Lake Hume have grown to threaten traditional operating flexibility. (3) Mokoan is another such instance, but with its supply function in a state of flux, Lake Mokoan provides more scope for a shift in the balance. (4) Salinity management has become an issue in the management of lakes and wetlands when water supply interests and environmental/recreation interests respectively have different perspectives on salt disposal. (5) Recreational use of town supply sources has long been a vexed issue, although marked shifts in the attitudues of many supply authorities have occurred in recent years. (6) Eutrophication of lakes and estuaries raises difficult issues of responsibility and scientific uncertainty, and the water management connection may be tenuous but will attract public attention. (7) The water body attributes valued by specialised recreational interests require definition in terms that water managers can deal with using routine techniques of systems analysis and evaluation. (8) The demands of the fish population and anglers introduce a new perspective in river management and perceptions of instream values are changing markedly. (9) Direct costs of recreational services supplied by water authorities are not fully accounted: allocation choices and fiscal incidence will emerge as issues of significance. (10) These case studies raise only a fraction of the total range of matters that will, in the years to come, tax the technology and political skills of governments and management.
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Serena, M., and G. A. Williams. "Movements and cumulative range size of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) inferred from mark–recapture studies." Australian Journal of Zoology 60, no. 5 (2012): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12121.
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The extent of mammalian movements often varies with size, sex and/or reproductive status. Fyke nets were set along streams and rivers near Melbourne (southern Victoria) from the mid-1990s to 2007, and in the Wimmera River catchment (western Victoria) from 1997 to 2005, to assess how far platypus of different age and sex classes travelled between captures and over longer periods. The mean distance between consecutive captures of adults did not vary significantly as intervals increased from 1–3 months to >3 years, suggesting that most individuals occupied stable ranges. However, adult females travelled, on average, only 35% as far between captures as males in southern Victoria, and 29% as far in the Wimmera. Up to half of this difference may be explained by variation in size-related metabolic requirements. Immature males and females respectively moved 61% and 53% as far, on average, as their adult equivalents, although two young males dispersed >40 km. Adults incrementally occupied up to 13.9 km of channel in the case of a male (based on six captures over 67 months) and 4.4 km of channel in the case of a female (based on five captures over 127 months).
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Sene, Kevin, and Wlodek Tych. "Seasonal flow forecasting in Africa; exploratory studies for large lakes." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 384 (November 16, 2021): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-289-2021.
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Abstract. For many applications, it would be extremely useful to have insights into river flows at timescales of a few weeks to months ahead. However, seasonal predictions of this type are necessarily probabilistic which raises challenges both in generating forecasts and their interpretation. Despite this, an increasing number of studies have shown promising results and this is an active area for research. In this paper, we discuss insights gained from previous studies using a novel combined water balance and data-driven approach for two of Africa's largest lakes, Lake Victoria and Lake Malawi. Factors which increased predictability included the unusually long hydrological response times and statistically significant links to ocean-atmosphere processes such as the Indian Ocean Dipole. Other lessons learned included the benefits of data assimilation and the need for care in the choice of performance metrics.
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Parmentier, Marie-Agnès. "When David Met Victoria." Family Business Review 24, no. 3 (May 10, 2011): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486511408415.
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This article seeks to understand how distinctive family brands are created. Recent studies in family business have focused on the benefits for a firm to be known as family owned or family controlled. Few studies have paid attention to the distinct meanings stakeholders associate with a given family or to how that family comes to have those associations in the eyes of external stakeholders. Based on a case study of one of the entertainment industry’s most successful family brands—The Beckhams—four practices conducive to building brand distinctiveness and brand visibility are identified.
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Lawrence, Susan, James Grove, Peter Davies, Jodi Turnbull, Ian Rutherfurd, and Mark Macklin. "Historical dredge mining as a significant anthropomorphic agent in river systems: A case study from south-eastern Australia." Holocene 31, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 1158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836211003272.
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Bucket dredging to mine and extract gold and tin from rivers is a global industry that has had a range of negative effects on physical environments. These include the destruction of riparian soil profiles and structures, artificial channel straightening and loss of in-stream biodiversity. In this paper we evaluate the immediate effects and long-term consequences of bucket dredging on rivers in Victoria and New South Wales during the period 1900–1950. High quality historical sources on dredge mining are integrated with geospatial datasets, aerial imagery and geomorphological data to analyse the scale of the dredging industry, evidence for disturbance to river channels and floodplains and current land use in dredged areas. The study demonstrates that the environmental impact of dredging was altered but not reduced by anti-pollution regulations intended to control dredging. An assessment of river condition 70–100 years after dredge mining ceased indicates that floodplains and river channels continue to show the effects of dredging, including bank erosion, sediment slugs, compromised habitat and reduced agricultural productivity. These findings have significant implications for river and floodplain management.
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van Griensven, A., P. Ndomba, S. Yalew, and F. Kilonzo. "Critical review of SWAT applications in the upper Nile basin countries." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 20, 2012): 3371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3371-2012.
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Abstract. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is an integrated river basin model that is widely applied within the Nile basin. Up to date, more than 20 peer-reviewed papers describe the use of SWAT for a variety of problems in the upper Nile basin countries, such as erosion modelling, land use and climate change impact modelling and water resources management. The majority of the studies are focused on locations in the tropical highlands in Ethiopia and around Lake Victoria. The popularity of SWAT is attributed to the fact that the tool is freely available and that it is readily applicable through the development of geographic information system (GIS) based interfaces and its easy linkage to sensitivity, calibration and uncertainty analysis tools. The online and free availability of basic GIS data that are required for SWAT made its applicability more straightforward even in data-scarce areas. However, the easy use of SWAT may not always lead to appropriate models which is also a consequence of the quality of the available free databases in these regions. In this paper, we aim at critically reviewing the use of SWAT in the context of the modelling purpose and problem descriptions in the tropical highlands of the Nile basin countries. To evaluate the models that are described in journal papers, a number of criteria are used to evaluate the model set-up, model performances, physical representation of the model parameters, and the correctness of the hydrological model balance. On the basis of performance indicators, the majority of the SWAT models were classified as giving satisfactory to very good results. Nevertheless, the hydrological mass balances as reported in several papers contained losses that might not be justified. Several papers also reported the use of unrealistic parameter values. More worrying is that many papers lack this information. For this reason, most of the reported SWAT models have to be evaluated critically. An important gap is the lack of attention that is given to the vegetation and crop processes. None of the papers reported any adaptation to the crop parameters, or any crop-related output such as leaf area index, biomass or crop yields. A proper simulation of the land cover is important for obtaining correct runoff generation, evapotranspiration and erosion computations. It is also found that a comparison of SWAT applications on the same or similar case study but by different research teams and/or model versions resulted in very different results. It is therefore recommended to find better methods to evaluate the representativeness of the distributed processes and parameters (especially when land use studies are envisaged) or predictions of the future through environmental changes. The main recommendation is that more details on the model set-up, the parameters and outputs should be provided in the journal papers or supplementary materials in order to allow for a more stringent evaluation of these models.
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Lóczy, Dénes, József Dezső, and Levente Ronczyk. "Floodplain rehabilitation projects in Hungary: Case studies from the Danube, Tisza, Körös and Drava rivers." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 96, no. 1 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1601001l.
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Floodplains along regulated rivers often suffer from serious environmental degradation. River and floodplain rehabilitation measures along the major rivers of Hungary are motivated by two objectives: to inrease the floodwater retention capacity of floodplains (also beyond the dykes) and to improve the ecological conditions of floodplain habitats (with special regard to oxbow lakes). In this paper reports and documents mostly written in Hungarian are presented for the international public on river and floodplain rehabilitation efforts. Examples for the water management objective are cited from the Tisza and K?r?s Rivers, while interventions promoting the second, nature conservation (and also forestry and agriculture), aim are mentioned from the Danube and Drava Rivers. A common characteristic of the case studies is that they apply ?hard engineering? solutions to environmental problems. Although water availability in the Szigetk?z floodplain has substantially improved after the building of the bottom weir, the efficiency of the recently implemented engineering measures (the emergency reservoirs along the Tisza and water replenishment structures along the Drava) is too early to judge.
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Liu, Lyuliu, Ying Wu, Peiqun Zhang, Jianqing Zhai, Li Zhang, and Chan Xiao. "Predictability of Seasonal Streamflow Forecasting Based on CSM: Case Studies of Top Three Largest Rivers in China." Water 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020162.
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Accurate seasonal streamflow forecasting is important in reservoir operation, watershed planning, and water resource management, and streamflow forecasting is often based on hydrological models driven by coupled global climate models (CGCMs). To understand streamflow forecasting predictability, this study considered the three largest rivers in China and explored deterministic and probabilistic skill metrics on the monthly scale according to ensemble streamflow hindcasts from the hydrological model Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) driven by multiple climate forcings from the climate system model by the Beijing Climate Center (BCC_CSM1.1m). The effects of initial conditions (ICs) and meteorological forcings (MFs) on skill were investigated using the conventional ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) and reverse-ESP (revESP). The results revealed the following: (1) Skill declines as lead time increases, and forecasting is generally the most skillful for lead month 1; (2) skill is higher for dry rivers than wet rivers, and higher for dry target months than wet months for the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, suggesting greater skill in potential drought forecasting than flood forecasting; (3) the relative operating characteristic (ROC) area is greater for abnormal terciles than the near-normal tercile for all three rivers, greater for the above-normal tercile than the below-normal tercile for the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, but slightly greater for the below-normal tercile than the above-normal tercile for the Xijiang River; and (4) the influence of ICs outweighs that of MFs in dry months, and the period of influence varies from 1 to 3 months; however, the influence of MFs is dominant in wet target months. These findings will help improve the understanding of both the seasonal streamflow forecasting predictability based on coupled climate system/hydrological models and of streamflow forecasting for variable rivers and seasons.
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Laing, Jennifer, and Warwick Frost. "Food, Wine … Heritage, Identity? Two Case Studies of Italian Diaspora Festivals in Regional Victoria." Tourism Analysis 18, no. 3 (August 9, 2013): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354213x13673398610817.
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Odume, Oghenekaro Nelson, Blessing Nonye Onyima, Chika Felicitas Nnadozie, Gift Ochonogor Omovoh, Thandi Mmachaka, Blessing Odafe Omovoh, Jude Edafe Uku, Frank Chukwuzuoke Akamagwuna, and Francis Ofurum Arimoro. "Governance and Institutional Drivers of Ecological Degradation in Urban River Ecosystems: Insights from Case Studies in African Cities." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 29, 2022): 14147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114147.
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The degradation of rivers in urban landscapes is alarming and impaired their ecological functions and the services they provide to society. In African cities, urban rivers are among the most degraded ecosystems, yet ecologically sustainable utilisation of river resources can contribute to and support sustainable urban development. In this paper, we identify and analyse key governance and institutional drivers of ecological change in urban river systems in the Swartkops catchment in South Africa and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Nigeria. Our results indicate that poor ecological conditions of rivers in the two urban landscapes can be attributed to: (1) a lack of system view of the water value chain and associated infrastructure, (2) ambiguity in roles, responsibilities, and poor accountability, (3) prioritizing short-term social–economic–political agenda over long-term environmental sustainability goals, (4) institutional silos and failure of cooperative governance, and (5) over-centralised, top-down, state-centric governance processes. Strengthening the interactions between actors in the science, policy and practice domains, mainstreaming planning with rivers in integrated urban development plans, and strengthening cooperative and polycentric governance across administrative scales are key governance and institutional processes needed to address the trajectory of urban ecological degradation. Our paper sheds light on the fundamental role of strengthening governance and institutional processes for steering urban rivers toward sustainable paths for city resilience.
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Wheeler, Fiona, and Jennifer Laing. "Tourism as a Vehicle for Liveable Communities: Case studies from regional Victoria, Australia." Annals of Leisure Research 11, no. 1-2 (January 2008): 242–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2008.9686795.
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Fàbrega, Francesc, Montse Marquès, Antoni Ginebreda, Maja Kuzmanovic, Damià Barceló, Marta Schuhmacher, José L. Domingo, and Martí Nadal. "Integrated Risk Index of Chemical Aquatic Pollution (IRICAP): Case studies in Iberian rivers." Journal of Hazardous Materials 263 (December 2013): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.006.
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Acreman, M. C., J. Fisher, C. J. Stratford, D. J. Mould, and J. O. Mountford. "Hydrological science and wetland restoration: some case studies from Europe." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2007): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-158-2007.
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Abstract. Throughout the world, wetlands are increasingly being recognised as important elements of the landscape because of their high biodiversity and goods and services they provide to mankind. After many decades of wetland destruction and conversion, large areas of wetlands are now protected under the International Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar) and regional or national legislation such as the European Union Habitats Directive. In many cases, there is a need to restore the ecological character of the wetland through appropriate water management. This paper provides examples of scientific knowledge of wetland hydrology that can guide such restoration. It focuses on the need for sound hydrological science on a range of issues including water level control, topography, flood storage, wetland connections with rivers and sustainability of water supply under climate change.
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D'Arcy, B. J., T. Rosenqvist, G. Mitchell, R. Kellagher, and S. Billett. "Restoration challenges for urban rivers." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 3 (February 1, 2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.065.
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Urban sources account for significant quantities of important diffuse pollutants, and urban watercourses are typically badly polluted. As well as toxic metals, hydrocarbons including PAHs, and suspended matter, priority urban pollutants include faecal pathogens and nutrients. Can urban watercourses be restored by sufficient reductions in pollution loads? Case studies in the UK and Sweden provide insights and some grounds for optimism. A major trans-Atlantic review of the performance of best management practices (BMPs) is informing BMP planning. New approaches such as the maximisation of self-purification capacity in the receiving waters may also need to be developed, alongside BMPs at source. Other initiatives in Europe, USA and China, including collaborative projects, are trying to address the intractable issues such as persistent pollutants from transport and urban infrastructure. The challenge is daunting, but there are clear ways forward and future research needs are evident.
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Strack, Mick. "Land and rivers can own themselves." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 9, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-10-2016-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe and critically review the new tenure arrangements that have been established to recognise Māori relationship with land (Te Urewera) and river (Whanganui River), to ascribe them their own legal personality. Design/methodology/approach The paper describes the development of the legal arrangements in Aotearoa, New Zealand, for Treaty settlements with Māori, and documents the various forms of rights and divisions of space that are changing the face of property institutions. Findings The paper finds that the acknowledgement of land and nature as having their own legal status and, therefore, owned by themselves is bold and innovative, but is still not a full recognition of customary tenure. The recognition of rivers as indivisible entities is stated but not clearly implemented. Practical implications Māori interests and authority are now more clearly articulated, and Māori may expect to be able to engage in customary practices and restore their traditional relationships with their land more explicitly. Social implications The avoidance of an ownership regime has tempered public concerns about issues such as ownership of flowing water. The formalities are still being completed in the case of the Whanganui River, so the full implications are yet to be felt. Originality/value This is an innovative development in tenure arrangements seen by some as providing for the rights of nature, but actually responding to the rights of the Indigenous people. This article may inform others about possible models for more diverse tenure arrangements elsewhere.
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Mosselman, Erik. "Studies on River Training." Water 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 3100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113100.
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This editorial regards a Special Issue of Water on river training. It introduces five papers in a framework of history, fundamentals, case studies and future. Four papers result from decades of experience with innovation, planning, design and implementation of river training works on rivers in Colombia, the Rhine branches in the Netherlands and the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River in Bangladesh. A fifth paper reviews the state-of-the-art in predicting and influencing the formation and behavior of river bars. The editorial argues that the future lies in more flexible river training, using a mix of innovative permanent structures and recurrent interventions such as dredging, sediment nourishment, vegetation management and low-cost temporary structures.
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Young, Suzanne. "Outsourcing: two case studies from the Victorian public hospital sector." Australian Health Review 31, no. 1 (2007): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah070140.
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Outsourcing was one process of privatisation used in the Victorian public health sector in the 1990s. However it was used to varying degrees and across a variety of different services. This paper attempts to answer the questions: Why have managers outsourced? What have managers considered when they have decided to outsource? The research was carried out in a rural hospital and a metropolitan network in Victoria. The key findings highlight the factors that decision makers considered to be important and those that led to negative outcomes. Economic factors, such as frequency of exchange, length of relationships between the parties, and information availability, were often ignored. However, other factors such as outcome measurability, technology, risk, labour market characteristics and goal conflict, and political factors such as relative power of management over labour were often perceived as important in the decision-making process. Negative outcomes from outsourcing were due to the short length of relationships and accompanying difficulties with trust, commitment and loyalty; poor quality; and excessive monitoring and the measurement of outcomes.
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Counihan, Timothy D., Kristen L. Bouska, Shannon K. Brewer, Robert B. Jacobson, Andrew F. Casper, Colin G. Chapman, Ian R. Waite, et al. "Identifying monitoring information needs that support the management of fish in large rivers." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 29, 2022): e0267113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267113.
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Management actions intended to benefit fish in large rivers can directly or indirectly affect multiple ecosystem components. Without consideration of the effects of management on non-target ecosystem components, unintended consequences may limit management efficacy. Monitoring can help clarify the effects of management actions, including on non-target ecosystem components, but only if data are collected to characterize key ecosystem processes that could affect the outcome. Scientists from across the U.S. convened to develop a conceptual model that would help identify monitoring information needed to better understand how natural and anthropogenic factors affect large river fishes. We applied the conceptual model to case studies in four large U.S. rivers. The application of the conceptual model indicates the model is flexible and relevant to large rivers in different geographic settings and with different management challenges. By visualizing how natural and anthropogenic drivers directly or indirectly affect cascading ecosystem tiers, our model identified critical information gaps and uncertainties that, if resolved, could inform how to best meet management objectives. Despite large differences in the physical and ecological contexts of the river systems, the case studies also demonstrated substantial commonalities in the data needed to better understand how stressors affect fish in these systems. For example, in most systems information on river discharge and water temperature were needed and available. Conversely, information regarding trophic relationships and the habitat requirements of larval fishes were generally lacking. This result suggests that there is a need to better understand a set of common factors across large-river systems. We provide a stepwise procedure to facilitate the application of our conceptual model to other river systems and management goals.
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Koster, W. M., D. R. Dawson, J. R. Morrongiello, and D. A. Crook. "Spawning season movements of Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica) in the Yarra River, Victoria." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 5 (2013): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13054.
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The Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica) is a threatened fish species that inhabits rivers and impoundments in south-eastern Australia. Previous studies have shown that Macquarie perch in impoundments exhibit synchronised upstream spawning migrations to shallow, fast-flowing habitats in the lower reaches of inflowing streams. There has been little study of movement behaviours of entirely riverine populations of Macquarie perch despite this being the species’ natural habitat. Here, radio-telemetry is used to test the hypothesis that riverine populations exhibit synchronised migrations during the spawning season. Thirty Macquarie perch in the Yarra River, Victoria, a translocated population outside of the species’ natural range, were radio-tagged before the late spring–early summer spawning season and their movements followed over a 10-month period (May 2011 to February 2012). Tagged fish typically occupied restricted reaches of stream (<450 m). Sixteen of the fish undertook occasional upstream or downstream movements (~250–1000 m) away from their usual locations, particularly associated with large flow variations during the spawning season. There was no evidence of synchronised migratory behaviour or movement of multiple fish to specific locations or habitats during the spawning season. Whilst further research over more years is needed to comprehensively document the spawning-related behaviours of riverine Macquarie perch, our study demonstrates that management of riverine populations of this threatened species cannot necessarily be based on the model of spawning behaviour developed for lacustrine populations.
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Yoon, Yeohyun, and Kyoung Cheon Cha. "A Qualitative Review of Cruise Service Quality: Case Studies from Asia." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 8073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198073.
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Although the cruise sector is considered an ‘unreplaceable’ form of tourism, with the cruise industry recording steady growth over the years, there is a lack of research and analysis on cruise ships themselves. Accordingly, this study sought to determine whether service quality differences among ships operating in the Asian market could suggest broader implications for the sustainability of the cruise industry. We chose the SERVQUAL framework for the analysis; we also employed the multiple case study method and topic synthesis to compare the service quality of three ships. Of the ships investigated—the Costa Victoria, Diamond Princess, and Superstar Virgo—the Diamond Princess had the highest service quality. Based on the results, we outlined suggestions for improving the quality of cruise services, including introducing the latest large ships and high-tech facilities, complying with the departure and arrival times of sailing schedules, improving the ratio of crew members per passenger, establishing a cruise personnel training system, and expanding membership program operations.
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Vaikasas, Saulius. "MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF SEDIMENT DYNAMICS AND THEIR DEPOSITION IN LITHUANIAN RIVERS AND THEIR DELTAS (CASE STUDIES)." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2010.24.
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Mathematical modelling of sediment transport and deposition in the floodplains and canals of rivers is closely related to the hydrodynamics, as well as the design of engineering measures, of water pollution control and reduction. The dynamics of flow velocities and water level in the urban section of the Nevežis River at Kedainiai were estimated by applying a hydraulic‐mathematical model, DELTA. It was established that there were no conditions for undesirable river‐bed siltation. During the dry season (Qv.f = m3/s), flow velocity did not exceed 0.5 m/s in the study section. When the discharge affected the formation of the riverbed (Qv.f = 70 m3/s), the flow velocity reached 1.2–1.3 m/s and accumulated bed sediments were washed away. A two‐meters high dam near Skongalis does not stimulate bed silting, as it is not high enough to have much influence on the bed formation processes or the reduction of riverside overgrowth. When the water level is low and the flow velocity is small (0.1 m/s), the water in the river is only slightly turbid (turbidity is 2–6 mg/l), so there is no scope to decrease sedimentation in this case. To improve the aesthetical view of the river, it is advisable to regulate the riverbed by reducing the river width to a 30 m maximum. Floods in the Nemunas delta inundate the bright areas of the valley, where the significant amount of sediments brought by the water is deposited. This decreases the water pollution entering the Curonian Lagoon and the Baltic Sea. It is, therefore, desirable to find ways to intensify this deposition and to put them into practice. The possibility of increasing the discharge of water flowing through the flood plane was investigated, applying the DELTA model. The influences of road banks built across the floodplain and the growth of bushes in the valley were tested. They cause increases in depth and decreases in flow velocity, which can alter the amount of sediment deposition. Santrauka Upiu taršos mažinimo inžineriniu priemoniu projektavimas ir ju būkles kontrole imanoma tik matematiškai sumodeliavus skendinčiuju nešmenu hidrodinamika bei ištyrus tu priemoniu veiksminguma taršai sumažinti ir nešmenims nusodinti. Tam Nevežio reguliuotoji atkarpa Kedainiuose ir Nemuno užliejama delta ties Pagegiais buvo ištirtos taikant hidraulini matematini modeli DELTA. Nustatyta, kad Nevežio vaga, nepaisant jos mažu debitu sausmečiu (Q s.p.v ≈ 3 m3/s) ir greičiu (v ≤ 0,5 m/s), nedumbleja. Taip yra del to, kad per potvynius, kai upes vaga formuojantys debitai Q v.f = 70 m3/s, o tekmes greičiai dideli (v = 1,2–1,3 m/s), anksčiau nusedes dumblas periodiškai išplaunamas ir išnešamas i sleni bei žemupi. Dvimetrinis vandens paimos slenkstis ties Skongaliu taip pat šio proceso neveikia, nes per potvyni yra apsemiamas. Vasara čia vandens lygiai žemi, o tekmes greičiai ne didesni kaip 0,1 m/s, todel Nevežio vanduo palyginti skaidrus (drumstumas 2–6 mg/l), o jo skendinčiuju nešmenu reguliavimo priemones gali būti konstruktyvios arba visai nereikalingos. Iš skaičiavimu akivaizdu, kad per potvynius Nemuno deltoje nemažai anksčiau atneštu skendinčiuju nešmenu kartu su vandeniu išplukdoma i sleni ir jame nuseda. Del čia sulaikomu nešmenu sumažeja vandens, patenkančio i Kuršiu marias ir Baltijos jūra, drumstumas ir biogenine tarša. Taigi reiketu didinti išsiliejančius i slenius potvyniu debitus ir ju išnešamu skendinčiuju nešmenu nusodinima. Straipsnyje aptartas ivairiu slenio tekmiu debitu ir greičiu reguliavimo priemoniu – senvagiu atverimo bei gilinimo, sleni pertveriančiu kelio pylimu irengimo ir krūmu bei medžiu užauginimo efektyvumas skendintiesiems nešmenims sulaikyti. Резюме Проектирование инженерных средств для регулирования загрязнения рек и определение их эффективности возможно лишь при математическом моделировании гидродинамики и осаждения влекомых наносов. С этой целью при помощи двухмерной математической модели DELTA был исследован участок реки Нявежис в городе Кедайняй и дельта реки Нямунас у поселка Пагегяй. Установлено, что несмотря на сравнительно малые расходы воды в межсезонный период (Qs.p.v ≈ 3 м3 /с) и скорости течения (v ≤ 0,5 м/с), в русле р. Нявежис ил и взвешенные наносы не скапливаются, так как они регулярно выносятся во время паводков при наличии руслоформирующего расхода (Qv.f = 70 м3 /с) и возросших скоростях (v = 1,2–1,3 м/с). Влияние подтопления двухметрового порога у Сконгалис в это время ничтожно, а сам порог бывает полностью подтоплен. При помощи расчетов на модели DELTA также установлено, что значительная часть влекомых наносов в низовья р. Нямунас может быть осаждена и задержана при их выносе паводковыми течениями на периодически затопляемую дельту. Осаждаемая часть зависит от распределения расходов между основным руслом и поймой. Поэтому необходимо увеличивать выливание воды в пойму. В статье приведены результаты математического моделирования эффективности различных средств регулирования воды: открытия и углубления старых русел и вымоин, устройства дамб, дорожных насыпей в пойме, уменьшения скоростей течения при помощи посадки кустарников и деревьев в виде полос.
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Gumiero, Bruna, Jenny Mant, Thomas Hein, Josu Elso, and Bruno Boz. "Linking the restoration of rivers and riparian zones/wetlands in Europe: Sharing knowledge through case studies." Ecological Engineering 56 (July 2013): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.103.
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Suykens, Cathy. "Critical Success Factors in Transboundary Water Management: a US-EU Comparison." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 27, Issue 1 (February 1, 2018): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2018001.
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In light of the increasing pressure on freshwater resources, good governance of rivers is key in meeting the challenges ahead. Integrated river basin management has been advocated both in the European Union and the United States. This paper will adopt a comparative approach to the analysis of river basin management by scrutinizing the legal regimes governing the Scheldt River in the EU and the Delaware River in the US. Based on these case studies, in combination with literature review, the article will set forth Critical Success Factors for integrated transboundary river basin management.
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Petroselli, Andrea, Jacek Florek, Dariusz Młyński, Leszek Książek, and Andrzej Wałęga. "New Insights on Flood Mapping Procedure: Two Case Studies in Poland." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 8454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208454.
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The use of the Mike11 one-dimensional (1D) hydraulic model, together with official hydrology, represents a standard approach of the National Water Management Authority (NWMA) in Poland for flood mapping procedures. A different approach, based on the hydrological Event-Based Approach for Small and Ungauged Basins (EBA4SUB) model and the Flood-2 Dimensional (FLO-2D) hydraulic model has here been investigated as an alternative procedure. For the analysis, two mountainous rivers in Poland were selected: Kamienica Nawojowska is characterized by a narrow valley, while Skawinka has a broad valley. It was found that the flood zones can enormously differ locally, with larger zones generated by the Mike11/NWMA model in some cases and by the EBA4SUB/FLO-2D model in other situations. The benefits of using the two-dimensional (2D) model are consistent in areas without drainage and where the connection to the main channel is insufficient. The use of 1D modeling is preferred for the possibility of mapping the entire river network in a short computational time.
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Shi, Zhuolin, Yun Chen, Qihang Liu, and Chang Huang. "Discharge Estimation Using Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 Product: Case Studies in the Murray Darling Basin." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17 (August 30, 2020): 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172810.
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Quantifying river discharge is a critical component for hydrological studies, floodplain ecological conservation research, and water resources management. In recent years, a series of remote sensing-based discharge estimation methods have been developed. An example is the use of the near infrared (NIR) band of optical satellite images, with the principle of calculating the ratio between a stable land pixel for calibration (C) and a pixel within the river for measurement (M), applying a linear regression between C/M series and observed discharge series. This study trialed the C/M method, utilizing the Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) surface reflectance product on relatively small rivers with 30~100 m widths. Two study sites with different river characteristics and geographic settings in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) of Australia were selected as case studies. Two independent sets of HLS data and gauged discharge data for the 2017 and 2018 water years were acquired for modeling and validation, respectively. Results reveal high consistency between the HLS-derived discharge and gauged discharge at both sites. The Relative Root Mean Square Errors are 53% and 19%, and the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficients are 0.24 and 0.69 for the two sites. This study supports the effectiveness of applying the fine-resolution HLS for modeling discharge on small rivers based on the C/M methodology, which also provides evidence of using multisource synthesized datasets as the input for discharge estimation.
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Nicholson, S., Y. H. Hui, and P. K. S. Lam. "Pollution in the coastal waters of Hong Kong: case studies of the urban Victoria and Tolo Harbours." Water and Environment Journal 25, no. 3 (June 16, 2010): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2010.00234.x.
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Biswas, Atrayee, Dipanjan Das Majumdar, and Sayandeep Banerjee. "Morphometry Governs the Dynamics of a Drainage Basin: Analysis and Implications." Geography Journal 2014 (May 7, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/927176.
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Mountainous rivers are the most significant source of water supply in the Himalayan provinces of India. The drainage basin dynamics of these rivers are controlled by the tectonomorphic parameters, which include both surface and subsurface characteristics of a basin. To understand the drainage basin dynamics and their usefulness in watershed prioritisation and management in terms of soil erosion studies and groundwater potential assessment and flood hazard risk reduction in mountainous rivers, morphometric analysis of a Himalayan River (Supin River) basin has been taken as a case study. The entire Supin River basin has been subdivided into 27 subwatersheds and 36 morphometric parameters have been calculated under four broad categories: drainage network, basin geometry, drainage texture, and relief characteristics, each of which is further grouped into five different clusters having similar morphometric properties. The various morphometric parameters have been correlated with each other to understand their underlying relationship and control over the basin hydrogeomorphology. The result thus generated provides adequate knowledge base required for decision making during strategic planning and delineation of prioritised hazard management zones in mountainous terrains.
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Whitelaw, K., and J. F. de L. G. Solbé. "River Catchment Management: An Approach to the Derivation of Quality Standards for Farm Pollution and Storm Sewage Discharges." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 8-9 (August 1, 1989): 1065–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0308.
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Water quality in certain UK rivers has deteriorated due to episodic pollution from farms and storm sewage overflows. In response to the need to further our knowledge of the effects of episodic events on water quality and to derive appropriate quality standards, WRc Environment has established a number of case studies involving both field and laboratory investigations. This paper describes the approach to standard setting which has been adopted in these studies. Two complementary approaches are used: the first based on examining published toxicity data in order to derive working draft standards; the second is the testing of these draft standards against the performance of living organisms.
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Clark, Ian D., and Eva McRae-Williams. "Tourist Visitation to Ebenezer Aboriginal Mission Station, Victoria, Australia, 1859–1904: A Case Study." Tourism Culture & Communication 13, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/109830413x13848886455272.
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Etiegni, Christine Adhiambo, Kenneth Irvine, and Michelle Kooy. "Participatory governance in Lake Victoria (Kenya) fisheries: whose voices are heard?" Maritime Studies 19, no. 4 (July 21, 2020): 489–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40152-020-00195-x.
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AbstractCo-management is advocated as a means to improve human equity and the ecological sustainability of common-pool resources. The promotion of co-management of fisheries often assumes the participation of resource users in decision-making ensures more ecologically sustainable outcomes than top–down management approaches while improving livelihoods and food security. However, in fisheries co-management approaches, participation is often poorly defined and measured by co-management proponents. For resource users, it may not be clear what their participation in co-management entails, and what such participation might involve or achieve. For the fisheries of Lake Victoria (Kenya), the introduction of co-management established Beach Management Units (BMUs) on a model of participatory decision-making. Unsurprisingly, given global experiences of institutions for resource users’ participation in co-management, the structures established across Lake Victoria (Kenya) have not resulted in effective participation of fisher folk. We examine why this is so. Specifically, we examine the influence of institutions on fisher folks’ participation in co-management, using critical institutionalism to explain how participation of resource users is shaped by the relation between formal government institutions and informal social norms. We take four BMUs as case studies to investigate how historical administrative structures shape the development of co-management, how power relationships within co-management are negotiated at the local beach level and the fisher folks’ understanding of their participation in co-management. We document how informal institutions undermine and replace formal institutions at the local beach level, while formal institutions suppress and ignore informal ones at the national and regional levels. From this, we argue power sharing between the government and fisher folk is key for fisher folk participation in fisheries co-management, capable of addressing both social and ecological challenges facing fisheries management.
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Field-Juma, Alison, and Nancy Roberts-Lawler. "Using Partnerships and Community Science to Protect Wild and Scenic Rivers in the Eastern United States." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042102.
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The Musconetcong (New Jersey) and the Sudbury-Assabet-Concord (Massachusetts) are federally-designated Partnership Wild and Scenic Rivers, a model for river conservation under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. These two rivers are embedded in a patchwork of private and public land ownership. The Act has been used to facilitate partnerships among municipal, state, federal and local non-profit actors to implement river conservation plans. These partnerships have supported community science-based monitoring to make the case for dam removal and stricter water pollution controls. Two case studies examine using community science to provide actionable data to decision-makers. In New Jersey, a documented increase in macroinvertebrates post-dam removal supported additional dam removals, leading to the return of American shad to the river. Quality controls and training proved to be key components. In Massachusetts, stricter effluent discharge permits reduced instream Total Phosphorus from 0.8 mg/L in 1999 to the eutrophication threshold of 0.023–0.05 mg/L. Community engagement in river science and stewardship was an important co-benefit. As many US rivers evolve from generating hydropower and conveying waste into major recreational resources, local organizations are uniquely positioned to engage the public and generate quality-controlled data to use in advocating for major improvements in water and habitat quality. Useful policy and regulatory frameworks for broader applicability are suggested.
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Lindemann, Stefan. "Understanding Water Regime Formation—A Research Framework with Lessons from Europe." Global Environmental Politics 8, no. 4 (November 2008): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2008.8.4.117.
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International river basins are mostly characterized by upstream-downstream externalities that involve asymmetric incentives to cooperate and, therefore, suggest a high conflict potential between riparian states. However, with more than 400 river basin treaties, cooperation along international rivers by far outweighs water-related conflicts. The abundance of international water cooperation despite the odds is puzzling and has so far received little systematic attention. Against this background, I develop a research framework that draws on international regime theory and combines power, interest, knowledge and contextbased approaches to water regime formation. In a second step, I probe the plausibility of my framework in two case studies on international water cooperation in the Rhine and Elbe river basins. The empirical findings suggest that there is no “one-answer-fits-all” in trying to explain water regime formation. While power-based approaches are of limited explanatory value, a thorough understanding of cooperation along the two international rivers requires the combination of interest, knowledge and context-based arguments.
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Liu, Lüliu, Chan Xiao, Liangmin Du, Peiqun Zhang, and Guofu Wang. "Extended-Range Runoff Forecasting Using a One-Way Coupled Climate–Hydrological Model: Case Studies of the Yiluo and Beijiang Rivers in China." Water 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2019): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061150.
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Extended-range runoff forecasting is important for water resources management and energy planning. Experimental extended-range runoff was hindcasted, based on an extended-range climate model, developed by National Climate Center of the China Meteorological Administration, and semi-distributed hydrological model HBV-D. The skill of the runoff forecasts was explored using mean square skill score (MSSS), anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC), and areas under the relative operating characteristics curve (AUC) for three terciles for three experimental 51-day periods during flood season (June 1 to July 21, July 1 to August 20 and August 1 to September 20) for two rivers in China. The results revealed decreasing trends of the five indices, and varying length of the continuous longest skilful time slice from 3 days to 6 weeks depending on index, period and river location. In most cases, skilful abnormal terciles forecast occurred more often or with similar frequency to deterministic forecasts. It suggests that ensemble probability forecasting is a method with potential for extended-range river runoff forecast. Further, abnormal terciles are more skillful than normal terciles, and above normal are more skillful than below normal. In terms of a temporal mean of the MSSS and ACC, deterministic forecasts are skillful for both rivers in all three periods, but more skillful for the Beijiang River than for the Yiluo River in most cases.
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A. McAlpine, C., D. B. Lindenmayer, T. J. Eyre, and S. R. Phinn. "Landscape surrogates of forest fragmentation: Synthesis of Australian Montreal Process case studies." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 2 (2002): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020108.
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Habitat loss and fragmentation are key biodiversity indicators of the Montreal Protocol for monitoring progress towards ecologically sustainable forest management. Over the last 15 years, an array of landscape metrics have been developed as spatial measures of habitat loss and fragmentation. However, most metrics require rigorous empirical testing if they are to provide scientifically credible information to managers and policy makers. We present a synthesis of three Australian case studies for developing Montreal Indicator 1.1e, fragmentation of forest type, each representing different levels of landscape modification: St Mary State Forest, south-east Queensland; Tumut, southern New South Wales; and the Central Highlands, Victoria. Collectively, the studies found that no single landscape metric captured the response of the target species and fauna assemblages, or served as a reliable ecological surrogate for the conservation of a large set of species. Rather, species demonstrated a diversity of responses to habitat loss and fragmentation. Fragmentation effects were more important for the Tumut study, but not important for the Central Highlands study. Stand-scale habitat variables and area of suitable habitat were dominant explanatory variables for the St Mary study. Differences in observed response are partly explained by: (i) differences in landscape structure, particularly the proportion of preferred forest habitat remaining; (ii) differences in the ecology of target species; and (iii) the insensitivity of the landscape measures. Based on the outcomes of the three case studies, we propose principles for developing landscape surrogates for conserving biodiversity in Australia's eucalypt forest landscapes.
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King, Robert. "Caseload Management, Work-Related Stress and Case Manager Self-Efficacy Among Victorian Mental Health Case Managers." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 5 (January 1, 2009): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670902817661.
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Objective: In Australia and comparable countries, case management has become the dominant process by which public mental health services provide outpatient clinical services to people with severe mental illness. There is recognition that caseload size impacts on service provision and that management of caseloads is an important dimension of overall service management. There has been little empirical investigation, however, of caseload and its management. The present study was undertaken in the context of an industrial agreement in Victoria, Australia that required services to introduce standardized approaches to caseload management. The aims of the present study were therefore to (i) investigate caseload size and approaches to caseload management in Victoria's mental health services; and (ii) determine whether caseload size and/or approach to caseload management is associated with work-related stress or case manager self-efficacy among community mental health professionals employed in Victoria's mental health services. Method: A total of 188 case managers responded to an online cross-sectional survey with both purpose-developed items investigating methods of case allocation and caseload monitoring, and standard measures of work-related stress and case manager personal efficacy. Results: The mean caseload size was 20 per full-time case manager. Both work-related stress scores and case manager personal efficacy scores were broadly comparable with those reported in previous studies. Higher caseloads were associated with higher levels of work-related stress and lower levels of case manager personal efficacy. Active monitoring of caseload was associated with lower scores for work-related stress and higher scores for case manager personal efficacy, regardless of size of caseload. Although caseloads were most frequently monitored by the case manager, there was evidence that monitoring by a supervisor was more beneficial than self-monitoring. Conclusion: Routine monitoring of caseload, especially by a workplace supervisor, may be effective in reducing work-related stress and enhancing case manager personal efficacy.
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Zhang, Xiuxia, Qingnian Zhang, Jie Yang, Zhe Cong, Jing Luo, and Huanwan Chen. "Safety Risk Analysis of Unmanned Ships in Inland Rivers Based on a Fuzzy Bayesian Network." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (December 19, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4057195.
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Risk factor identification is the basis for risk assessment. To quantify the safety risks of unmanned vessels in inland rivers, through analysis of previous studies, the safety risk impact factor framework of unmanned vessels in inland rivers is established based on three aspects: the ship aspect, the environmental aspect, and the management and control aspect. Relying on Yangtze River, a fuzzy Bayesian network of the sailing safety risk of unmanned ships in inland rivers is constructed. The proposed safety risk model has considered different operational and environmental factors that affect shipping operations. Based on the fuzzy set theory, historical data, and expert judgments and on previous works are used to estimate the base value (prior values) of various risk factors. The case study assessed the safety risk probabilities of unmanned vessels in Yangtze River. By running uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of the model, a significant change in the likelihood of the occurrence of safety risk is identified, and suggests a dominant factor in risk causation. The research results can provide effective information for analyzing the current safety status for navigation systems of unmanned ships in inland rivers. The estimated safety risk provides early warning to take appropriate preventive and mitigative measures to enhance the overall safety of shipping operations.
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Uche, Javier, Amaya Martínez, and Beatriz Carrasquer. "A study of the application of the physical hydronomics methodology to assess environmental costs of European rivers." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 3 (April 8, 2014): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-12-2013-0136.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to check out the status of collected data in European water-related information tools, with the final aim of analyzing the cost to reach the good environmental status in European rivers, from recorded physical and chemical data, within the second law of thermodynamics. Design/methodology/approach – The study is especially focussed in an economical assessment to account for the environmental costs of water bodies according to the Water Framework Directive. The Catchments and Rivers Network System, the most important information tool in Europe nowadays, constitutes the support of this work. This study shows a methodology to estimate the cost to restore water bodies in energy terms with the help of an aggregated indicator, from physical and chemical characteristics of rivers. More over, energy results are converted later into an economic value. This work presents diverse case studies, starting from Garonne, Rhone, Rhine, Danube, Ebro and Seine rivers. Findings – Figures show that total environmental costs in rivers with higher flows are more important due to the more quantity of water to be restored. Making a contrast among years with different hydrological behavior, total environmental costs are higher in wet years due to the more availability of water to be supplied that consequently implies higher withdrawals. However, rivers with higher total environmental cost are not necessarily the most polluted ones. Regarding to the availability of data, although European monitoring and reporting is in progress, homogeneity of data and consensus in the management of basins are needed. Originality/value – Authors make an estimation of costs to reach the good status of European rivers. This work proposes the Exergy as an aggregate indicator to assess cost for water restoration in monetary values. This paper gives a reference of environmental cost as an important instrument to establish costs recovery prices, to be used in the management of water resources as a complement of other kind of indicators.
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C, Ogan, H. I. ,. Teme, S., Eze, C. L, and Ngah S. A. "Quantifying Biogas Generation from Human and Biodegradable Wastes: A Case Studies of Three Estuarine Communities in Rivers State." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September 5, no. 9 (September 27, 2020): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20sep483.
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This study showed total excreta produced by 73 people (19 male adult, 19 female adult, 17 male children and 18 female children) was 18.97kg per day. Given an average household of 5, (2 adults and 3 children), 1321g (1.3kg) of feaces would be generated. Therefore, 500 households in any of the communities would generate 660,500g (660.5kg) of excreta. The cumulative volume of gas generated from 5kg of human excreta, combined with 15 kg of leftover rice; 5kg of vegetable waste and 25kg of water resulted in 0.167m3 biogas. By extrapolation, 500 households, generating 515kg of excreta; using 1,546kg of waste rice; 515kg of vegetables waste and 2,579kg of water, can generate 83.5m3 biogas. This quantity of biogas can power 55kw electricity generating set which can provide Community Street light for more than 6 hours. In the coastal communities of the Niger Delta where modern waste management practices are practically nonexistent, human excreta and household food wastes are discharged directly into the rivers and creeks, resulting in obnoxious effects such as foul smell, pollution and filth and even mosquito infestation. The outcome of this research has given a clear direction on how to treat domestic wastes (which in effect are resources) for bioconversion. As the world in general is changing from over reliance on fossil fuels, being wasting assets, coupled with the attendant pollution and degradation of the environment, investment into alternative energy sources such as biogas from wastes would contribute to the quest to reduce energy scarcity, guard against ecological disasters, elimination and/or control deforestation and erosion of the soil surface in particular and the environment in general. Therefore, for developing countries of Africa and especially Nigeria to surmount her current energy, environmental, food, health and unemployment crises, the anaerobic digestion of biodegradable wastes in general; excreta/household food wastes in particular should be given the attention it deserves.
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Álvez-Marín, Amaya, Camila Bañales-Seguel, Rodrigo Castillo, Claudia Acuña-Molina, and Pablo Torres. "Legal personhood of Latin American rivers: time to shift constitutional paradigms?" Journal of Human Rights and the Environment 12, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 147–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/jhre.2021.02.01.
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Diverse existing legal paradigms have dealt with the interaction of humans and Nature in different ways. We identify three main lenses through which current constitutional systems in Latin America have operated to resolve conflicts. We focus on rivers as emblematic elements of Nature that offer concrete possibilities to operationalize an emerging paradigm that recognizes legal personhood for Nature. The objective is to examine, from a critical interdisciplinary perspective, the existing paradigms, describe their limits and open the debate to alternative jurisdictional venues for favouring the coexistence of humans and natural systems. Through the comparative analysis of three case studies in Chile, Colombia and Ecuador, we outline the challenges and opportunities offered by an emerging legal tradition, ‘The New Latin American Constitutionalism’, and question what would effectively be different with a change of paradigm towards the recognition of Nature’s rights.
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Li, Xuhui, Yuan Yuan, Dou Zhang, Xiao Li, Dehuan Li, and Xiangrong Wang. "Occurrence, Comparison and Priority Identification of Antibiotics in Surface Water and Sediment in Urbanized River: A Case Study of Suzhou Creek in Shanghai." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 8757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148757.
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Antibiotics in water have attracted increasing attention due to their potential threat to aquatic ecosystems and public health. Most previous studies have focused on heavily polluted environments, while ignoring urbanized rivers with high population density. Taking Suzhou Creek in Shanghai as an example, this study attempted to explore the antibiotic pollution characteristics of typical urbanized rivers. Further, it screened out priority antibiotics so as to provide reference for the regular monitoring of antibiotics in urban surface water in the study’s later stage. Four classes of 27 antibiotics in surface water samples and sediment samples were detected and analyzed by SPE-UPLC-MS/MS under both wet season and dry season. Results demonstrate that the total amount of antibiotics detected reached 1936.9 ng/L and 337.3 ng/g in water samples and sediment samples, respectively. Through Pearson correlation analysis, it can be shown that there is a very significant correlation between a variety of antibiotics in water and sediment. The results of ecological risk assessment based on risk quotient (RQ) show that certain antibiotics presented high and medium risk to the surrounding ecosystem. Finally, the priority antibiotics selected by optimized priority screening method were EM, SPD, CLR and RTM. Therefore, we have proven that the antibiotics being discharged in urbanized rivers show different types of antibiotics, while presenting a toxicological risk to certain species.
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Soderquist, Todd. "What we don't know and haven't learned about cost - benefit prioritisation of rock-wallaby management." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 2 (2011): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10053.
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Research and translocations of brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) in New South Wales have, in conjunction with studies in Victoria and Queensland, provided extensive insights yet also document the high variability in the species’ response to management. Nonetheless, experts are being asked to quantify predicted response for cost–benefit prioritisation models that will rank threatened species and populations worthy of future funding, with little consideration of the basic principles behind adaptive management. The weaknesses of these prioritisation models must be evaluated carefully by experts in order that appropriate advice is provided which genuinely assists decision-making. I explore the questions facing rock-wallaby ecologists as a case study of how much more we need to know and learn within adaptive approaches to conservation before our predictions are robust.
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Brodie, Jon, Stephen Lewis, Zoe Bainbridge, Alan Mitchell, Jane Waterhouse, and Frederieke Kroon. "Target setting for pollutant discharge management of rivers in the Great Barrier Reef catchment area." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 11 (2009): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08339.
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Water Quality Improvement Plans (WQIPs) are being developed for individual river basins on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchment associated with the GBR Water Quality Protection Plan. Within each WQIP, marine ecosystem targets are linked to end-of-river pollutant (suspended sediments, nutrients and pesticides) load targets and to farm level management practice targets. The targets are linked through quantitative models; e.g. one model connects GBR chlorophyll concentrations (marine target) to end-of-river nitrate loads, a second connects the end-of-river nitrate loads to fertiliser management targets in the catchment, whereas a third model links fertiliser application to nitrate loss at the farm scale. The difficulties of applying these linked models to derive credible and practical management targets are great, given the high degree of uncertainty in each model. Our understanding of the generation of suspended sediments, nutrients and pesticides in catchments and the relationship to on-farm management, the transport of these materials to the ocean, their transport in coastal waters and their effects on marine ecosystems is incomplete. The challenge is to produce estimates from the models, with known levels of uncertainty, but robust enough for management purposes. Case studies from the Tully–Murray basin and the Burdekin basin in north Queensland are discussed.
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Jayasuriya, R. T. "Modelling the economic impact of environmental flows for regulated rivers in New South Wales, Australia." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 7 (October 1, 2003): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0436.
Full textAbstract:
The management of water resources across Australia is undergoing fundamental reform in line with the priorities identified by the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) in 1994. This includes reforms to the specification of property rights, the way the resource is shared between the environment, irrigators and other users, charges for water use and the operational management of the river systems. In New South Wales (NSW), a series of water sharing plans (WSPs) is being developed for each water source in the State including regulated rivers, unregulated rivers and groundwater aquifers. These plans, which are the mechanisms by which COAG reforms are being implemented, are being developed by community-based water management committees (WMCs). The role of the WMCs is to develop a plan that achieves a balance between environmental, economic and social outcomes. NSW Agriculture has assisted a number of WMCs by quantifying the economic impact of proposed WSP options on the irrigation community. This paper outlines the approach taken by NSW Agriculture to quantifying economic impacts on irrigators in regulated catchments and provides results of case studies in the Lachlan River Catchment which is heavily developed for irrigation.
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Strickland, Paul, Warwick Frost, Kim M. Williams, and Jennifer Laing. "The Acceptance or Rejection of Social Media: a Case Study of Rochford Winery Estate in Victoria, Australia." Tourism Culture & Communication 13, no. 1 (January 24, 2013): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/109830413x13769180530602.
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Ortmann-Ajkai, Adrienne, Tamás Morva, Ervin Pirkhoffer, Dénes Lóczy, Ákos Halmai, Gergő Németh, and Péter Gyenizse. "A GIS-based framework to determine spatially explicit priority categories for flood risk management intervention schemes." Moravian Geographical Reports 30, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2022-0014.
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Abstract The necessity of plural valuation of costs for flood risk management is widely acknowledged, but practical case studies are still scarce. We developed a GIS-based plural valuation framework to determine spatially explicit priority categories for flood risk management intervention schemes on the Drava River, Southern Hungary. A conventional economic evaluation, including land market prices and additional costs due to legal conservation restrictions, was complemented by ecological valuation of vulnerability. The inclusion of ecological vulnerability significantly changed the proposed priority areas for flood risk management interventions: in this case, softwood riparian forests face far less threat, together with other Natura 2000 habitats, in comparison to unprotected wetlands and grasslands. This valuation framework also highlights priority habitats and areas for joint conservation and water management projects, utilising the synergies between several EU Directives as the Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, Flood Directive, and Water Framework Directive. Our framework is adaptable for the other floodplains along major or medium-sized European rivers, assuming that specific local settings are considered.
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Bell, James, Henry Chan, Michael Chan, and Sungkon Moon. "COVID-19 and Construction: Impact Analysis on Construction Performance during Two Infection Waves in Victoria, Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 2580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052580.
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This research outlines the fluctuation in confirmed active cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as related to the changes in the Victoria state government’s rules and restrictions. Further, this study examines the impact of government restrictions on the performance of construction in Victoria, Australia. The data analyses in this paper identify the specific effects on industrial production, during the different lockdown stages, in three local construction companies. Companies were selected from different points along the supply chain. Company A is a supplier involved in the manufacturing of structural steel. Company B conducts logistics and procurement. Company C is a construction engineering business specializing in foundations. After reviewing relevant case studies and theories, data analyses were developed in collaboration with these companies. The results revealed that the impact of restrictions on the workers on individual construction projects was not significant. Stage 4 restrictions (Victoria’s highest lockdown level) significantly impacted overall income by limiting construction to only servicing essential infrastructure or essential businesses. The novel contribution of this study is the data analysis outcome for Victoria, where a high level of restrictions were experienced, such as curfew and enforced isolation at home, relative to other countries. In 2021 and 2022 (omicron variant dominated), Victoria was again at the brink of an infection wave, which showed a similar pattern to July 2020, and endured the world’s longest COVID-19 lockdown. The research findings contribute to the body of knowledge by providing empirical data analysis of each company, representing the economic impact of ordinary small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in construction.
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Spits, Jos, Barrie Needham, Toine Smits, and Twan Brinkhof. "Reframing Floods: Consequences for Urban Riverfront Developments in Northwest Europe." Nature and Culture 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2010.050104.
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Many historical cities are built alongside rivers. Floodplains were attractive sites for urban expansion. However, the flood events since the 1990's have shown that many urban settlements are under flood risk. This research investigates how flood management and land use planning policies have changed after high water and (near)floods in the Netherlands, Germany, and France. In particular, it investigates how changing policies affect the development of urban riverfronts. Policy documents have been analyzed from all three countries and case studies illustrate the impact of changing policies on concrete developments.
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Bongale, Prof P. G. "GIS Based Multicriteria Decision Analysis of Riverine Flooding: A Case Study of Maharashtra Deluge 2019." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 10, 2021): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36322.
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Riverine flooding is frequent catastrophic event for Indian subcontinent and prevalent in western ghat region. The south-western monsoonal precipitation escalates the situation to detrimental level in the populous regions along the rivers. The previous studies suggest that the settlements in the vicinity of seasonal rivers are mostly affected during heavy precipitation due to unpredicted event and lack of preventive infrastructure along the bank. Such devastation can be reduced with detailed analysis of river basin and flood recurrence trends. Present study focuses on the flood frequency and settlement patterns in the Krishna River basin of Maharashtra state. The region has cotton soil (clay to loamy dark grey soil) cover, which encourages the agricultural practices. The agriculture being major occupation of the state engaged more than 64% population contributing largely in cotton and cereal production of the country. The discrete pattern of rainfall causes flooding at places, which not only distresses the settlement but also adversely affects the rate of soil erosion resulting elimination of the most fertile layer of surface. The study mainly emphases on the Shirindwad, Kurundwad, Rajapur villages of Shirol taluka of Kolhapur district, where Koyna, Warna, Panchaganga, Tarli, Urmodi, Dudhganga and Hiranyakeshi rivers of Krishna River basin overflowed decade’s water level in August 2019 flooding event. The event put an eternal scar to the inhabitants with pile of flood water over their cotton soil. The devastation of the event would be predicted if spatio-temporal analyses of rainfall and settlement pattern have been done. So, the present study aims to evaluate the impacts of future flooding by the analysis of rainfall pattern and demarcation of settlement clusters under threat. This can be done by scrutinizing ancillary data in GIS (geographical information system) environment with the help of temporal satellite data. The GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis can provide result as demarcation of potential flood risk zones and this can be resourceful for disaster management and town planning practices.
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Quinn, Nigel W. T., and James D. Oster. "Innovations in Sustainable Groundwater and Salinity Management in California’s San Joaquin Valley." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 6658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126658.
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The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) of 2014 and the Central Valley Salinity Alternatives for Long-Term Sustainability (CVSALTS) initiative were conceived to reverse years of inaction on the over-pumping of groundwater and salination of rivers that both threaten agricultural sustainability in the State of California. These largely stakeholder-led, innovative policy actions were supported by modern tools of remote sensing and Geographic Information System technology that allowed stakeholders to make adjustments to existing resource management and jurisdictional boundaries to form policy-mandated Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs) and Salinity Management Areas (SMAs) to address future management responsibilities. Additional resources mobilized by the California Department of Water Resources (CDWR) and other water resource and water quality management agencies have been effective in encouraging the use of spreadsheet accounting and numerical simulation models to develop robust and coherent quantitative understanding of the current state and likely problems that will be encountered to achieve resource sustainability. This activity has revealed flaws and inconsistencies in the conceptual models underpinning this activity. Two case studies are described that illustrate the disparity in the challenges faced by GSAs in subregions charged with developing consensus-based Groundwater Sustainability Plans (GSPs). These case studies also illustrate the unique aspect of SGMA: that alongside mandates and guidelines being imposed statewide, local leadership and advocacy can play an important role in achieving long-term SGMA and CVSALTS goals.