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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

O'Brien, Shannon M., and Douglas E. Facey. "Habitat Use by the Eastern Sand Darter, Ammocrypta pellucida, in Two Lake Champlain Tributaries." Canadian Field-Naturalist 122, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v122i3.606.

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The Eastern Sand Darter (Ammocrypta pellucida) is endangered or threatened throughout much of its range, which includes the St. Lawrence-Lake Ontario drainage of southern Ontario and Quebec and several Vermont tributaries of Lake Champlain. The species is known for its tendency to burrow, and field observations have suggested that habitat use may depend on substrate particle size. To determine whether Eastern Sand Darter densities were correlated with substrate particle size, fish and substrates were sampled in 156 plots in two Vermont rivers during the summers of 2001 and 2002. The Eastern Sand Darter occurred mainly in areas in which substrate composition was over 45% fine to medium sand (0.24-0.54 mm); they were much less abundant in areas in which substrate composition exceeded 25% particles greater than 1.9 mm. Substrate preference was tested by allowing 49 fish kept in aquaria to choose among four different substrates. The fish showed a significant preference (P < 0.005) for the finer substrate categories (0.24-0.54 mm, 0.55-1.0 mm), and mostly avoided the coarser substrates (1.0-1.9 mm, 2.0-4.1 mm). This suggests that the Eastern Sand Darter is selective regarding substrate composition, and therefore might be affected by fluctuations or changes in substrate composition within its habitat, such as those caused by changes in flow.

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2

Richardson, Justin B. "Comparing Trace Elements (As, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in Soils and Surface Waters among Montane, Upland Watersheds and Lowland, Urban Watersheds in New England, USA." Water 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010059.

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Trace element biogeochemistry from soils to rivers is important for toxicity to aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine whether trace element exports in contrasting watersheds are controlled by their abundance in soil, current land uses in the watershed, or geologic processes. Upland soils and river water samples were collected throughout the Deerfield watershed in southern Vermont and western Massachusetts and in the Quinebaug and Shetucket watersheds of eastern Connecticut. Soil concentrations were only an important predictor for dissolved Fe export, but no other trace element. Soil pH was not correlated with normalized dissolved exports of trace elements, but DOC was correlated with normalized dissolved Pb and Ni exports. The limited spatial and depth of soil sampling may have contributed to the poor correlation. Surprisingly, linear regressions and principal component analysis showed that human development was associated with higher soil trace metal concentrations but not significantly correlated with dissolved trace elements export. Instead, forest abundance was a strong predictor for lower Cu, Pb, and Zn soil concentrations and lower As, Fe, Ni and Pb dissolved exports across the watersheds. Dissolved exports of Al, K, and Si suggest that enhanced mineral dissolution in the montane watersheds was likely an important factor for matching or exceeding normalized pollutant trace element exports in more urbanized watersheds. Further studies are needed to evaluate subsurface/hyporheic controls as well as soil–surface water interface to quantify exchange and transport.

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3

Waite, Carl E., Donald H. DeHayes, Terry L. Turner, David J. Brynn, and William A. Baron. "Black Walnut Seed Sources for Planting in Vermont." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 1 (March 1, 1988): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/5.1.40.

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Abstract The growth, phenology, and susceptibility to winter injury of 82 black walnut provenances were compared in a northwestern Vermont provenance test plantation. After seven growing seasons, provenances from MI, central OH, northern IN, and PA exhibit the best combination of growth, budbreak, and winter hardiness characteristics and are recommended for planting in Vermont's Champlain and Connecticut river valleys. Provenances from MI appear to be particularly well-suited to the environment of Vermont's Champlain Valley, as exemplified by a provenance from Volinia, MI which is 26% taller than the plantation average and among the latest to begin growth in spring. Despite fast growth, provenances from KY, IL, and VA do not appear suitable for planting in Vermont because of their relatively early budbreak and high susceptibility to winter injury. Provenances from the Great Plains are not recommended for planting in Vermont due to their relatively slow growth rate and early budbreak. North. J. Appl. For. 5:40-45, March 1988

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4

Hammer, Chad F., and John S. Gunn. "Planting native trees to restore riparian forests increases biotic resistance to nonnative plant invasions." Invasive Plant Science and Management 14, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2021.11.

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AbstractNonnative invasive plant species are a major cause of ecosystem degradation and impairment of ecosystem service benefits in the United States. Forested riparian areas provide many ecosystem service benefits and are vital to maintaining water quality of streams and rivers. These systems are also vulnerable to natural disturbances and invasion by nonnative plants. We assessed whether planting native trees on disturbed riparian sites may increase biotic resistance to invasive plant establishment in central Vermont in the northeastern United States. The density (stems per square meter) of invasive stems was higher in non-planted sites (x̄ = 4.1 stems m−2) compared with planted sites (x̄ = 1.3 stems m−2). More than 90% of the invasive plants were Japanese knotweed [Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr.; syn. Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.]. There were no significant differences in total stem density of native vegetation between planted and non-planted sites. Other measured response variables such as native tree regeneration, species diversity, soil properties, and soil function showed no significant differences or trends in the paired riparian study sites. The results of this case study indicate that tree planting in disturbed riparian forest areas may assist conservation efforts by minimizing the risk of invasive plant colonization.

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5

Ren, Qing, Asim Zia, Donna M. Rizzo, and Nancy Mathews. "Modeling the Influence of Public Risk Perceptions on the Adoption of Green Stormwater Infrastructure: An Application of Bayesian Belief Networks Versus Logistic Regressions on a Statewide Survey of Households in Vermont." Water 12, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 2793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102793.

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There is growing environmental psychology and behavior literature with mixed empirical evidence about the influence of public risk perceptions on the adoption of environmentally friendly “green behaviors”. Adoption of stormwater green infrastructure on residential properties, while costlier in the short term compared to conventional greywater infrastructure, plays an important role in the reduction of nutrient loading from non-point sources into freshwater rivers and lakes. In this study, we use Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) to analyze a 2015 survey dataset (sample size = 472 respondents) about the adoption of green infrastructure (GSI) in Vermont’s residential areas, most of which are located in either the Lake Champlain Basin or Connecticut River Basin. Eight categories of GSI were investigated: roof diversion, permeable pavement, infiltration trenches, green roofs, rain gardens, constructed wetlands, tree boxes, and others. Using both unsupervised and supervised machine learning algorithms, we used Bayesian Belief Networks to quantify the influence of public risk perceptions on GSI adoption while accounting for a range of demographic and spatial variables. We also compare the effectiveness of the Bayesian Belief Network approach and logistic regression in predicting the pro-environmental behaviors (adoption of GSI). The results show that influencing factors for current adoption differ by the type of GSI. Increased perception of risk from stormwater issues is associated with the adoption of rain gardens and infiltration trenches. Runoff issues are more likely to be considered the governments’ (town, state, and federal agencies) responsibility, whereas lawn erosion is more likely to be considered the residents’ responsibility. When using the same set of variables to predict pro-environmental behaviors (adoption of GSI), the BBN approach produces more accurate predictions compared to logistic regression. The results provide insights for further research on how to encourage residents to take measures for mitigating stormwater issues and stormwater management.

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6

Braconnier, Meryl, Cheryl E. Morse, and Stephanie Hurley. "Using Photovisualizations to Gain Perspectives on River Conservation over Time." Land 11, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11040534.

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The Missisquoi River originates in a densely forested, hilly, and lightly populated region in northern Vermont, USA, flowing north until it crosses the Canadian border. The upper American stretches of the river are federally designated as “Wild and Scenic” in recognition of its outstanding natural, cultural, and recreational values. This paper reports on the place-based and river-focused perspectives of rural residents who live and work along the Missisquoi River and its tributaries and who are the recipients of Vermont’s shifting river management strategies. The mixed methods research drew on participant observation, interviews, and interpretations of photovisualizations (PVZs). The PVZ method identified the different geographical imaginaries held by residents and conservation professionals, demonstrating that PVZs can be used as a method to foster dialogue about sense of place and conservation initiatives. Visual aids can help unveil the complex, temporal relationships between landowners and the adjacent waterways, which in turn influence participation in river restoration efforts.

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7

Beaupré, Andrew R. "“The Jesuit mission proves we were here”: The Case of Eighteenth-Century Jesuit Missions Aiding Twenty-First Century Tribal Recognition." Journal of Jesuit Studies 8, no. 3 (April 19, 2021): 454–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-0803p006.

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Abstract Records indicate that during the French colonial period, Jesuits established four mission congregations within the territory now known as Vermont. These missions were established to preach to both French colonists and Native converts on Isle La Motte, on the Missisquoi River in Swanton, at Fort Saint-Frédéric on Lake Champlain, and in the area known as the Koas on the Connecticut River. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the Abenaki peoples of Vermont have had a long and difficult road to gain state and federal recognition. These descendant communities have invoked the existence of Jesuit missions to the Abenaki as proof of the current tribal governments’ legitimacy. This is intriguing considering the blame for cultural destruction is often laid at the feet of Jesuit missionaries. This paper examines the relationship between historical and archaeological evidence of French Jesuits and the legal legitimization of the Abenaki of Vermont.

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8

Schoonmaker, Adam, and William SF Kidd. "A reappraisal of the allochthonous nature of the Rosenberg slice and Stanbridge Group of southern Quebec and northwestern Vermont." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e06-079.

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The Ordovician Stanbridge Group of Quebec has long been considered an allochthonous nappe. It is an internally coherent unit that consists of lower slaty limestone overlain by slate, which is correlated with the Highgate and Morses Line formations, respectively, in Vermont. In Quebec, the basal limestones have been inferred to be thrust over Cambrian dolomites (Gorge Formation in Vermont) of the Rosenberg slice, part of the parauthochthonous shelf, although this contact is not exposed there. In the Missisquoi River gorge of Vermont, a conformable sequence of upper Gorge–Highgate–Morses Line formations is exposed. The map distribution of rock units indicates that this conformable relationship probably extends up to at least the middle unit of the Stanbridge Group. Therefore, the relationships in Vermont require that the Stanbridge Group must be part of the parauthochthonous Taconic foreland rather than a far-traveled nappe. The Rosenberg slice in Quebec forms a large anticline (Highgate anticline) whose western limb is truncated by the Rosenberg thrust. In Vermont, the anticline is internally cut by the Highgate Falls Thrust, which is an out-of-sequence thrust that decreases in displacement northwards to the International Border.

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9

Barreto, Cristiane Gomes. "Sistemas para a Sustentabilidade." Sustainability in Debate 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2014): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v5n3.2014.12259.

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Obra resenhada:Donella Meadows. Thinking in systems: a primer. Edited by Diana Wright. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing Company, 2008. 185 p. eBook Inclui figuras e bibliografia. ISBN: 978-160358148-6.

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10

Kline, Michael, and Barry Cahoon. "Protecting River Corridors in Vermont1." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 46, no. 2 (March 15, 2010): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00417.x.

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11

Silalahi, Florence Elfriede S., and Fahrul Hidayat. "Modelbuilder and Unit Hydrograph for Flood Prediction and Watershed Flow Direction Determination at The West Branch of The Little River, Stowe, Lamoille County, Vermont, USA." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 6, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.6.2.89-98.

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The West Branch of the Little River in Stowe, Lamoille County, Vermont has been widely studied, and this area is regularly subject to flooding. The West Branch joins the Little River, which flows into the Winooski and drains into Lake Champlain. This area has undergone extensive development as an economic response to the ski resort industry over the past 50 years, and the recreational pathway is on the banks of the river. The Little River is adjusting to the loss of historic floodplain area, channel modifications (straightening and gravel mining), and runoff changes. In this project, a DEM with 10 and 30 meters resolution will be used to determine the watershed area for the outlet point at the south of Stowe for hydrological analysis. This project intends to describe the watershed flow direction with a unit hydrograph that shows when water discharge at the outlet is at its height during a rainfall event and produce the floods prediction map by predicting the nature of flood events to help in planning and responding to flood events effectively using ArcGIS Pro 2.0. The results show the time it takes water to flow to the outlet ranges from 0 seconds (rain that falls on the outlet itself) to over 8 hours and 46 minutes. The amount of water has accumulated, indicating that water will flow at its fastest when funneling toward the outlet point downstream of the town with no exception, indicating that water will flow at its fastest when funneling toward the outlet point downstream of the town.

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12

Lipscomb, Barney. "Sustainable Food Gardens: Myths & Solutions." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 16, no. 1 (July 15, 2022): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v16.i1.1250.

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Robert Kourik. 2021. Sustainable Food Gardens: Myths & Solutions. (ISBN-13: 978-0-96158-8-7, pbk). Metamorphic Press, 634 Scotland Dr., Santa Rosa, California 95409, U.S.A. Distributed in North America by Chelsea Green Publishing, Inc., 85 N Main St., Suite 120, White River Jct., Vermont 05001, U.S.A. (Orders: www.robertkourik.com; www.chelseagreen.com; orders-800-639-4099). $24.95 US, 486 pp., color illustrations, references, index, 8½" × 11".

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13

Ferrick, M. G., G. E. Lemieux, P. B. Weyrick, and W. Demont. "Dynamic Ice Breakup Control for the Connecticut River near Windsor, Vermont." Hydrology Research 19, no. 4 (August 1, 1988): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1988.0017.

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The Cornish-Windsor bridge is the longest covered bridge in the United States and has significant historical value. Dynamic ice breakup of the Connecticut River can threaten the bridge and cause flood damage in Windsor, Vermont. We monitored ice conditions throughout the 1985-86 winter, observed a midwinter dynamic ice breakup, conducted controlled release tests during both open water and ice cover conditions, and analyzed more than 60 years of temperature and discharge records. River regulation presents alternatives for ice mangement that would minimize water levels during breakup. In this paper we develop the basis of a method to produce a controlled ice breakup at lower stage and discharge than occur during major natural events.

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14

Hunt, Pamela D., Michael Blust, and Fred Morrison. "Lotic Odonata of the Connecticut River in New Hampshire and Vermont." Northeastern Naturalist 17, no. 2 (June 2010): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.017.0201.

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15

Puchala, Elizabeth A., Donna L. Parrish, and Therese M. Donovan. "Predicting the Stability of Endangered Stonecats in the LaPlatte River, Vermont." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 145, no. 4 (June 29, 2016): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1167779.

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16

Shanley, James B., and Ann Chalmers. "The effect of frozen soil on snowmelt runoff at Sleepers River, Vermont." Hydrological Processes 13, no. 12-13 (September 1999): 1843–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199909)13:12/13<1843::aid-hyp879>3.0.co;2-g.

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17

Crocker, C. E., T. E. Graham, G. R. Ultsch, and D. C. Jackson. "Physiology of common map turtles (Graptemys geographica) hibernating in the Lamoille River, Vermont." Journal of Experimental Zoology 286, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(20000201)286:2<143::aid-jez6>3.0.co;2-1.

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18

Brakenridge, G. Robert, Peter A. Thomas, Laura E. Conkey, and Jane C. Schiferle. "Fluvial Sedimentation in Response to Postglacial Uplift and Environmental Change, Missisquoi River, Vermont." Quaternary Research 30, no. 2 (September 1988): 190–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90023-3.

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Three lithologically distinct alluvial units of Holocene age can be distinguished along trenched cross sections of the Missisquoi valley bottom. The oldest is of early Holocene age, and the associated floodplain had aggraded to nearly its present level by 8000 14C yr B.P. At that time, early Archaic projectile points were deposited in a fire hearth 50 cm below the surface. Abandonment of this floodplain was followed by the development of an A-E-Bt soil profile. Accumulation of a younger floodplain had begun by 6400 14C yr B.P. and local sedimentation persisted to ca. 500 14C yr B.P., as indicated by radiocarbon dates of buried woody debris (including large logs) and of charcoal. Alluvium of the modern floodplain began accreting after A.D. 1860 and contains machine-cut square nails, whiteware ceramics, and coal clinker. Previous locations of the river channel can be reconstructed from relict surfaces marked by paleosols, the preserved depositional stratigraphy, and the radiocarbon samples. Immediately after regression of the Champlain Sea from this part of the valley, and before 8000 14C yr B.P., the river incised late Fleistocene marine silts and clays at an average rate of at least 1 m/100 yr. After the interval of downcutting, episodic lateral migration became the dominant process, with the rate varying between 0 and 4 m/100 yr. The early Holocene incision was most likely a lagged response to postglacial crustal rebound, whereas strong soil development and floodplain stability between 8000 and 6400 14C yr B.P. may reflect an independently documented warmer, and perhaps drier, climate in New England at this time. Finally, the post-A.D. 1860 period of active floodplain sedimentation may have been a response to timber clear-cutting, row crop agriculture, and cattle and sheep grazing in the watershed.

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19

Gries, Gabe, Kevin G. Whalen, Francis Juanes, and Donna L. Parrish. "Nocturnal activity of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in late summer: evidence of diel activity partitioning." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 1408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-046.

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Paired day-night underwater counts of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were completed on tributaries of the West River, Vermont, U.S.A., between 28 August and 10 September 1995. At water temperatures ranging from 13 to 23°C, the relative count of juvenile salmon was greater at night. Nocturnal counts differed for young-of-the-year and post-young-of-the-year (PYOY) salmon, with PYOY exhibiting almost exclusive nocturnal activity. Nocturnal activity in late summer may enable salmon to maintain population densities when space and suitable feeding areas may be limited. Nocturnal activity of juvenile salmon should be considered in studies of habitat use, competition, time budgets, and associated bioenergetic processes.

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20

Whalen, K. G., and G. W. LaBar. "Survival and Growth of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Fry Stocked at Varying Densities in the White River, Vermont." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 2164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-217.

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Survival and growth of unfed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry stocked at varying densities (12, 25, 50, and 75 fry∙100 m−2) was evaluated in the White River, a tributary of the Connecticut River in Vermont, using a randomized complete block design. Fry to age-0 parr survival was inversely related to fry stocking density and, in most sampling sections, no significant increases in age-0 parr density were attained by stocking at rates ≥50 fry∙100 m−2. Most age-0 parr ranged in length between 65 and 80 mm; no significant differences in mean age-0 parr length were detected among stocking densities. Greatest age-0 parr production efficiency may be attained by stocking at densities <50 fry∙100 m−2. However, the density of age-0 parr produced from stocking at 12 fry∙100 m−2 may be insufficient to achieve carrying capacity of age-1 parr.

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21

Serra, Abigail C., Paul S. Warden, Colin R. Fricker, and Alan R. Giese. "Distribution of Ticks and Prevalence ofBorrelia burgdorferiin the Upper Connecticut River Valley of Vermont." Northeastern Naturalist 20, no. 1 (April 2013): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.020.0116.

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22

LÉGER, A., and J. M. FERRY. "Fluid infiltration and regional metamorphism of the Waits River Formation, north-east Vermont, USA." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 11, no. 1 (January 1993): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1993.tb00128.x.

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23

McMenemy, James R. "Survival of Atlantic Salmon Fry Stocked at Low Density in the West River, Vermont." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 15, no. 2 (May 1995): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1995)015<0366:soasfs>2.3.co;2.

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24

Hermans, Caroline, Jon Erickson, Tom Noordewier, Amy Sheldon, and Mike Kline. "Collaborative environmental planning in river management: An application of multicriteria decision analysis in the White River Watershed in Vermont." Journal of Environmental Management 84, no. 4 (September 2007): 534–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.07.013.

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25

Spett, Emma J. "Building Resilience in Trans-boundary Social-Ecological Systems: Adaptive Governance in the Lake Champlain Richelieu River Basin." Complexity, Governance & Networks 5, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/cgn-81.

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Addressing the management of water bodies that cross political, cultural, and ecological boundaries entails working with a level of complexity that requires creative, adaptive management strategies that build resilience throughout the system and allow for increased capacity in the face of disturbance. To characterize the extent to which such complexity can be managed, this paper explores the application of the social-ecological systems framework, proposed by Brian Walker and David Salt, for assessing and managing resilience. Elements of this framework will be utilized with respect to the Lake Champlain Richelieu River Basin, which is a freshwater basin that exists between the United States and Canada, in Vermont, New York, and Quebec. The paper will end with considerations regarding how adaptive management and adaptive governance can be employed as tools to build resilience in this region.

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Graffagnino, J. Kevin. ""The Country My Soul Delighted in": The Onion River Land Company and the Vermont Frontier." New England Quarterly 65, no. 1 (March 1992): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/365982.

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Messer, Anna P., Ethan L. Taswell, Harry G. W. August, and Lauren B. Maunus. "Addressing Environmental Externalities: The Role of the Public Utilities Commission in Rhode Island's Transition to Renewable Energy." Undergraduate Journal of Service Learning & Community-Based Research 6 (November 22, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56421/ujslcbr.v6i0.265.

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In 2015, citing the need for more reliable and clean energy, Rhode Island officials announced plans to build a natural gas power plant in Burrillville. The plant, Invenergy’s Clear River Energy Center (hereafter CREC), would be able to produce up to 1000 megawatts to be distributed throughout New England. However, the plant has sparked significant controversy among local residents, environmental groups, and politicians (Kuffner 2015). Proponents of CREC, including Governor Gina Raimondo, argue that the power plant is essential to supplement supply lost when Vermont Yankee went off-line and to meet the electricity demands of Rhode Islanders and New Englanders while keeping energy prices affordable (Kuffner 2016). Opponents of the power plant say that the construction of this power plant will make the State’s environmental goals impossible to meet (Roberts 2016).

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Corson, John A. "Applied Psychophysiology and Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Sex Offenders1." Biofeedback 38, no. 4 (January 1, 2010): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-38.2.04.

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Abstract This article presents an application of applied psychophysiological and cognitive and behavioral strategies to the treatment of sex offenders. The participants were 21 sex offenders treated as outpatients at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in White River Junction, Vermont. A repeated-case-study format was used. Because hyperventilation destabilizes the autonomic nervous system (disrupting and/or preventing erection and other aspects of male sexual arousal) and dramatically changes brain function (degrading train of thought and shifting neuroendocrine function), clients were taught to hyperventilate in response to thoughts and images of the targets of their illegal behavior. Psychophysiological indices included skin conductance and penile plethysmograph. Participants were treated in six individual sessions, and most have been followed up for more than 2 years. Results show that with motivated clients, this procedure produces convincing, positive results.

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Whalen, Kevin G., and Donna L. Parrish. "Effect of maturation on parr growth and smolt recruitment of Atlantic salmon." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-154.

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We determined the effect of maturation on parr growth and smolt recruitment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocked in Vermont tributaries of the Connecticut River. Both among and within tributaries, mature parr ranged between 28 and 52% of the age-1 parr collected and up to 67% of the age-2 parr collected. Percent age-1 parr maturing in October-November was positively related to mean length the preceding June. In October-November, immature age-1 parr were greater in mean length than age-1 mature parr. Data from parr individually tagged in June and recaptured in October showed immature parr exhibited twofold greater individual growth than maturing parr. Smolt recruitment was highly dependent upon state of maturity the preceding fall; fewer individuals that matured as parr recruited to smolt compared with parr remaining immature. Our study shows, over a broad spatial scale, that variation in incidence of maturation is largely explained by parr size among tributaries and river reaches and, furthermore, empirically demonstrates a direct negative effect of maturation on parr growth and recruitment to smolt. Thus, parr maturation is an important consideration for the enhancement and (or) restoration of Atlantic salmon populations via stream stocking programs.

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Meals, Donald W. "Watershed-scale response to agricultural diffuse pollution control programs in Vermont, USA." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1996): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0505.

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From 1979 to 1990, the LaPlatte River Watershed and the St. Albans Bay Watershed Rural Clean Water Program projects in Vermont (USA) sought to reduce sediment, nutrient, and bacteria loads to parts of Lake Champlain impaired by eutrophication. Best Management Practices (BMPs) to control diffuse sources of pollution from dairy agriculture were widely implemented through a voluntary program of technical assistance and cost-sharing by agencies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Intensive water quality monitoring was undertaken to document water quality changes resulting from the land treatment programs, including studies of BMP effectiveness and long-term watershed-scale trend monitoring. Some BMPs significantly reduced edge-of-field pollutant delivery to surface waters. Phosphorus export from corn fields was up to 1500% higher where manure was winter spread and up to 15% of the phosphorus applied in winter-spread manure was lost in runoff. A vegetated filter strip retained more than 90% of sediment and nutrients in milking center waste and functioned effectively year-round. Watershed-level response, however, was not simply the sum of edge-of-field changes. Sediment concentration and export decreased in both project areas, but anticipated decreases in nutrient concentrations and loads did not occur. The most significant water quality trends observed were 50–75% reductions in indicator bacteria counts in all study watersheds. Factors contributing to the lack of general response in nutrient levels, recommendations for future agricultural pollution control projects, and implications for planning of diffuse source pollution control programs are discussed.

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31

Wolock, David M. "Effects of Subbasin Size on Topographic Characteristics and Simulated Flow Paths in Sleepers River Watershed, Vermont." Water Resources Research 31, no. 8 (August 1995): 1989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95wr01183.

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32

Douglas, Thomas A. "Seasonality of bedrock weathering chemistry and CO2 consumption in a small watershed, the White River, Vermont." Chemical Geology 231, no. 3 (July 2006): 236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.01.024.

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33

Belitz, Kenneth, and Weston Dripps. "Cross-Well Slug Testing in Unconfined Aquifers: A Case Study from the Sleepers River Watershed, Vermont." Ground Water 37, no. 3 (May 1999): 438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb01123.x.

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34

Shanley, James B., Stephen D. Sebestyen, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, Brian L. McGlynn, and Thomas Dunne. "Water's Way at Sleepers River watershed - revisiting flow generation in a post-glacial landscape, Vermont USA." Hydrological Processes 29, no. 16 (November 27, 2014): 3447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10377.

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35

Abreu Colombri, Jose Antonio. "Tasini, Jonathan. Bernie Sanders. Sus principales ideas de Estados Unidos." Revista Ciencia Jurídica y Política 5, no. 9 (June 19, 2019): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rcijupo.v5i9.11345.

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El libro fue publicado originalmente en inglés, en el verano de 2015, por la editorial Chelsea Green Publishing -White River Junction, Vermont-: “The Essential Bernie Sanders and His Vision for America”. Ricardo García Pérez tradujo el libro un año después, para Capitán Swing Libros -Madrid, España-. El cuerpo del texto se compone de ciento ochenta y ocho páginas y veinte capítulos; en la parte final se recoge una breve biografía de Bernard -“Bernie”- Sanders y los agradecimientos. En la introducción y el prefacio el autor plantea algunas reflexiones sobre los contextos políticos en el que irrumpe el mensaje del senador Sanders y adelanta cuales serán los principales temas de la presente edición. En estas primeras páginas, se puede vislumbrar que Sanders siempre tuvo una actividad a contra corriente, que ha roto los estándares del ejercicio de la representación política y que su retórica siempre ha prorrumpido en los espacios institucionales de forma original y alejada de las convenciones establecidas en cada fase político-electoral.

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36

Kratzer, Jud F. "Response of Brook Trout Biomass to Strategic Wood Additions in the East Branch Nulhegan River Watershed, Vermont." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 38, no. 6 (November 16, 2018): 1415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10241.

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37

Karklins, Olgerts L. "Bryozoans from the Murfreesboro and Pierce Limestones (Early Black Riveran, Middle Ordovician), Stones River Group, of Central Tennessee." Journal of Paleontology 59, S15 (May 1985): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000061989.

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The Murfreesboro Limestone and the succeeding Pierce Limestone (Black Riveran, Middle Ordovician) of the Stones River Group, the oldest rocks exposed in central Tennessee, contain a fossil invertebrate fauna including bryozoans. Bryozoans are relatively scarce in the Murfreesboro Limestone but are abundant in the overlying Pierce Limestone. The bryozoan fauna includes the cryptostomes, Escharopora, Graptodictya, Pachydictya, Phylloporina, Stictopora, Stictoporella, Trigonodictya, Ulrichostylus; the trepostomes Amplexopora, Batostoma, Hemiphragma, Nicholsonella, Parvohallopora; and the cystoporates Ceramophylla and Constellaria. These bryozoans are the oldest known in Tennessee and are the only early Black Riveran assemblage in North America described at the species level. Species of Nicholsonella, Pachydictya, and Stictopora in the Murfreesboro and species of Constellaria and Phylloporina? in the Pierce are closely related to those found in rocks of Chazyan age in New York and Vermont. Species of Ceramophylla, Escharopora, and Trigonodictya in the Pierce Limestone of central Tennessee are decidedly similar to species found in Black Riveran strata of New York. The stratigraphic ranges, geographic distribution, and taxonomy of previously described species from Tennessee are updated.

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38

Taylor, Alan, and Randolph A. Roth. "The Democratic Dilemma: Religion, Reform, and the Social Order in the Connecticut River Valley of Vermont, 1791-1850." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 19, no. 3 (1989): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204386.

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39

Arndt, J. Chris, and Randolph A. Roth. "The Democratic Dilemma: Religion, Reform, and the Social Order in the Connecticut River Valley of Vermont, 1791-1850." Journal of the Early Republic 8, no. 2 (1988): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3123822.

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40

Nobles, Gregory H., and Randloph A. Roth. "The Democratic Dilemma: Religion, Reform, and the Social Order in the Connecticut River Valley of Vermont, 1791-1850." American Historical Review 94, no. 3 (June 1989): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1873932.

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41

Daniell, Jere, and Randolph A. Roth. "The Democratic Dilemma: Religion, Reform, and the Social Order in the Connecticut River Valley of Vermont, 1791-1850." New England Quarterly 61, no. 4 (December 1988): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/365957.

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42

Hastings, Tom H. "Lisa Fithian. 2019. Shut It down: Stories from a Fierce, Loving Resistance. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green." Peace Review 32, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 77–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2020.1823576.

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43

McBride, Maeve, W. Cully Hession, and Donna M. Rizzo. "Riparian reforestation and channel change: A case study of two small tributaries to Sleepers River, northeastern Vermont, USA." Geomorphology 102, no. 3-4 (December 2008): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.05.008.

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44

Rogers, Richard L., and Randolph A. Roth. "The Democratic Dilemma: Religion, Reform, and the Social Order in the Connecticut River Valley of Vermont, 1971-1850." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 28, no. 1 (March 1989): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1387262.

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45

Berens, John F., and Randolph A. Roth. "The Democratic Dilemma: Religion, Reform, and the Social Order in the Connecticut River Valley of Vermont, 1791-1850." Journal of American History 75, no. 3 (December 1988): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1901597.

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46

FERRY, J. M. "Regional Metamorphism of the Waits River Formation, Eastern Vermont: Delineation of a New Type of Giant Metamorphic Hydrothermal System." Journal of Petrology 33, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 45–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/33.1.45.

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47

McDowell, R. W., A. N. Sharpley, and A. T. Chalmers. "Land use and flow regime effects on phosphorus chemical dynamics in the fluvial sediment of the Winooski River, Vermont." Ecological Engineering 18, no. 4 (March 2002): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8574(01)00108-2.

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48

Léger, Albert, Edmond A. Mathez, Al Duba, Françoise Pineau, and Susan Ginsberg. "Carbonaceous material in metamorphosed carbonate rocks from the Waits River Formation, NE Vermont, and its effect on electrical conductivity." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 101, B10 (October 10, 1996): 22203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96jb01757.

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49

Whalen, Kevin G., and George W. Labar. "Survival and Growth of Unfed and Fed Atlantic Salmon Fry Stocked in a Vermont Tributary of the Connecticut River." North American Journal of Fisheries Management 18, no. 4 (November 1998): 931–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1998)018<0931:sagoua>2.0.co;2.

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50

Boissonnault, Paul, and Q. H. J. Gwyn. "L’évolution du lac proglaciaire Memphrémagog, sud du Québec." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 37, no. 2 (November 29, 2007): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032514ar.

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RÉSUMÉ Lors de la déglaciation finale des Appalaches, le lac proglaciaire Memphremagog a inondé les vallées situées immédiatement à l'est des monts Sutton. Le lac a d'abord occupé le nord du Vermont, tout près de la frontière internationale. Il a ensuite envahi, au Québec, les vallées du lac Memphrémagog actuel, de la rivière Missisquoi et, enfin, du Saint-François. Une étude détaillée des dépôts sur le versant est du bassin du Memphrémagog permet de reconstituer l'évolution du lac proglaciaire et, par conséquent, celle du retrait glaciaire. Huit phases lacustres se sont succédé entre les altitudes de 365 m et 165 m. L'une d'elles, la phase Va, contribue à redéfinir la position du front associé à la moraine de Cherry-River. Au cours de cette évolution, la déglaciation s'est faite de deux manières. Durant les phases I à Va, la glace, encore active, formait un lobe appuyé sur le versant est. Par la suite, le front a reculé plus au nord; la glace est devenue stagnante et s'est morcellée, isolant ainsi de petites calottes dans les vallées du lac Magog et de la rivière Massawippi.

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