Journal articles: 'Rivers and political barriers'

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G. A, Nwogu,, and Wariboko, B. O. N. "Women Participation in Rivers State Grass-Root Politics: A Community Development Perspective." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 5, no. 3 (July 31, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v5i3.8077.

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Women are key factors in any society. No doubt, their sidelining or exclusion in the political arena and other decision making process is a problem that cannot be overlooked or swallowed hook, line and sinker. In Rivers State, the Judiciary arm of government is on hold presently because of a female appointment into the office of the Chief Justice of the State. This development motivated the study which examined women participation in grass-root politics: A community development perspective. The study with a sample size of 500 respondents, identified economical disadvantage, phobia for political vices amongst others as barriers to women participation in Rivers State grass-root politics. On the influence of women participation in politics on community development, it was accepted that women participation in politics, will increase women commitment to community goals and objectives achievement, influence and promote policies and programmes for the advancement of the women. Based on these findings, the study recommended sensitization and continuous creation of awareness to inform women on the need to be economically empowered as a way of facilitating their entry and relevance into politics, which will hitherto enhance development of their communities.

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Rissman, Adena R., and Stephen R. Carpenter. "Progress on Nonpoint Pollution: Barriers & Opportunities." Daedalus 144, no. 3 (July 2015): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00340.

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Nonpoint source pollution is the runoff of pollutants (including soil and nutrients) from agricultural, urban, and other lands (as opposed to point source pollution, which comes directly from one outlet). Many efforts have been made to combat both types of pollution, so why are we making so little progress in improving water quality by reducing runoff of soil and nutrients into lakes and rivers? This essay examines the challenges inherent in: 1) producing science to predict and assess nonpoint management and policy effectiveness; and 2) using science for management and policy-making. Barriers to demonstrating causality include few experimental designs, different spatial scales for behaviors and measured outcomes, and lags between when policies are enacted and when their effects are seen. Primary obstacles to using science as evidence in nonpoint policy include disagreements about values and preferences, disputes over validity of assumptions, and institutional barriers to reconciling the supply and demand for science. We will illustrate some of these challenges and present possible solutions using examples from the Yahara Watershed in Wisconsin. Overcoming the barriers to nonpoint-pollution prevention may require policy-makers to gain a better understanding of existing scientific knowledge and act to protect public values in the face of remaining scientific uncertainty.

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Emanuel, Ryan, and David Wilkins. "Breaching Barriers: The Fight for Indigenous Participation in Water Governance." Water 12, no. 8 (July 25, 2020): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082113.

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Indigenous peoples worldwide face barriers to participation in water governance, which includes planning and permitting of infrastructure that may affect water in their territories. In the United States, the extent to which Indigenous voices are heard—let alone incorporated into decision-making—depends heavily on whether or not Native nations are recognized by the federal government. In the southeastern United States, non-federally recognized Indigenous peoples continue to occupy their homelands along rivers, floodplains, and wetlands. These peoples, and the Tribal governments that represent them, rarely enter environmental decision-making spaces as sovereign nations and experts in their own right. Nevertheless, plans to construct the Atlantic Coast Pipeline prompted non-federally recognized Tribes to demand treatment as Tribal nations during permitting. Actions by the Tribes, which are recognized by the state of North Carolina, expose barriers to participation in environmental governance faced by Indigenous peoples throughout the United States, and particularly daunting challenges faced by state-recognized Tribes. After reviewing the legal and political landscapes that Native nations in the United States must navigate, we present a case study focused on Atlantic Coast Pipeline planning and permitting. We deliberately center Native voices and perspectives, often overlooked in non-Indigenous narratives, to emphasize Indigenous actions and illuminate participatory barriers. Although the Atlantic Coast Pipeline was cancelled in 2020, the case study reveals four enduring barriers to Tribal participation: adherence to minimum standards, power asymmetries, procedural narrowing, and “color-blind” planning. We conclude by highlighting opportunities for federal and state governments, developers, and Indigenous peoples to breach these barriers.

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Kashani-Sabet, Firoozeh. "Fragile Frontiers: The Diminishing Domains of Qajar Iran." International Journal of Middle East Studies 29, no. 2 (May 1997): 205–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800064473.

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Long before the French Revolution, an anonymous geographer of the 10th century had already imagined the “boundaries of the world”—(ḥudūd al-ʿālam)—as comprising distinct regions. According to this unknown figure, each territory varied from another “First, by the difference of water, air, soil, and temperature (garma-va-sarma). Secondly, by the difference of religion, law (sharīʿat) and beliefs (kīsh). Thirdly, by the difference of words (lughāt) and languages. Fourthly, by the difference of kingdoms (padshāʾī-hā).” These criteria, as well as natural barriers—mountains, rivers, deserts—allowed the author of this work to divide the world into tracts much like nation-states today.

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Samoita, Dominic, Charles Nzila, Poul Alberg Østergaard, and Arne Remmen. "Barriers and Solutions for Increasing the Integration of Solar Photovoltaic in Kenya’s Electricity Mix." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 5502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205502.

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Currently, Kenya depends mainly on oil, geothermal energy and hydro resources for electricity production, however all three have associated issues. Oil-based electricity generation is environmentally harmful, expensive and a burden to the national trade balance. The rivers for hydropower and their tributaries are found in arid and semi-arid areas with erratic rainfall leading to problems of supply security, and geothermal exploitation has cost and risk issues amongst others. Given these problems and the fact that Kenya has a significant yet underexploited potential for photo voltaic (PV)-based power generation, the limited—although growing—exploitation of solar PV in Kenya is explored in this paper as a means of diversifying and stabilising electricity supply. The potential for integration of PV into the Kenyan electricity generation mix is analysed together with the sociotechnical, economic, political, and institutional and policy barriers, which limit PV integration. We argue that these barriers can be overcome with improved and more robust policy regulations, additional investments in research and development, and improved coordination of the use of different renewable energy sources. Most noticeably, storage solutions and other elements of flexibility need to be incorporated to balance the intermittent character of electricity generation based on solar PV.

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Maher, Michael, and Richard Hazenberg. "Floating down the river: Vietnamese community-led social innovation." Social Enterprise Journal 17, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-04-2020-0024.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore the barriers facing social enterprise-led community energy projects in Vietnam, to understand the barriers and enablers of social innovation in transitioning economies. In doing so, this paper seeks to identify whether the Vietnamese ecosystem is conducive to sustainable community energy projects and social innovation more broadly. Design/methodology/approach This paper used a qualitative, case study-based methodology to explore institutional barriers to social innovation in the context of three community-led energy projects in Northern Vietnam. Interviews and focus groups were undertaken with 17 individual stakeholders within or engaged with the three case studies. The qualitative data used was analysed using constant comparative method, a method of analysis based in grounded theory that allows for iterative analysis of the data gathered. Findings Social enterprises and their beneficiaries are reliant on their ability to network, but with the Vietnamese government actively involved in the markets, there are significant barriers standing in the way of these networking opportunities. Communities with little political capital are alienated from state institutions, whereas enterprises that offer alternative solutions to governmental priorities are seen as competitors by political agents. Originality/value Applying Granovetter’s theory of “embeddedness” and Herold et al.’s (2019) and Popov et al.’s (2016) theories on institutional centrality and power distribution, this paper seeks to add to our understanding on the impact large, hegemonic institutions can have on the networking ability of social enterprises and their beneficiaries.

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Ikeji, Chibueze, Paul Utulu, and Jedidiah Adeyemi. "Women and Political Office Holding In Cross River State Of Nigeria: A Study of Cultural Barriers." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 4 (November 11, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i4.2403.

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This study investigates whether cultural factors play a significant role in the low number of women in political positions in Cross River State of Nigeria. Stratified random sampling was used in this study for the purpose of separating the respondents into educated (HND/B.Sc. and above) and less educated. Responses from educated respondents were used in this study. Equal number of questionnaire was distributed to male and female respondents in each senatorial district. Data were collected by distributing 1223 questionnaire across the three senatorial districts of the state (407 the northern senatorial district, 408 in each of the south and central senatorial districts). Likert-scale ranking ( of 4, 3, 2, 1) was used in the questionnaire to measure the respondents views on how certain cultural views affect the number of women in political office holding duties. T-test statistical technique was used to analyze data obtained. It was found that culturally, women are deemed to be inappropriate for such duties, which account for their very low number in political office-holding duties considering their number in the population of Nigeria (about half of the population).

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Stathatou, P. M., E. Kampragou, H. Grigoropoulou, D. Assimacopoulos, C. Karavitis, and J. Gironás. "Creating an enabling environment for WR&R implementation." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 6 (June 13, 2017): 1555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.353.

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Reclaimed water is receiving growing attention worldwide as an effective solution for alleviating the growing water scarcity in many areas. Despite the various benefits associated with reclaimed water, water recycling and reuse (WR&R) practices are not widely applied around the world. This is mostly due to complex and inadequate local legal and institutional frameworks and socio-economic structures, which pose barriers to wider WR&R implementation. An integrated approach is therefore needed while planning the implementation of WR&R schemes, considering all the potential barriers, and aiming to develop favourable conditions for enhancing reclaimed water use. This paper proposes a comprehensive methodology supporting the development of an enabling environment for WR&R implementation. The political, economic, social, technical, legal and institutional factors that may influence positively (drivers) or negatively (barriers) WR&R implementation in the regional water systems are identified, through the mapping of local stakeholder perceptions. The identified barriers are further analysed, following a Cross-Impact/System analysis, to recognize the most significant barriers inhibiting system transition, and to prioritize the enabling instruments and arrangements that are needed to boost WR&R implementation. The proposed methodology was applied in the Copiapó River Basin in Chile, which faces severe water scarcity. Through the analysis, it was observed that barriers outweigh drivers for the implementation of WR&R schemes in the Copiapó River Basin, while the key barriers which could be useful for policy formulation towards an enabling environment in the area concern the unclear legal framework regarding the ownership of treated wastewater, the lack of environmental policies focusing on pollution control, the limited integration of reclaimed water use in current land use and development policies, the limited public awareness on WR&R, and the limited availability of governmental funding sources for WR&R.

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Lipsman, Jacob E. "Non-Decision Power and Political Opportunity: Exposing Structural Barriers to Mobilization in Louisiana’s Coastal Restoration Conflict." Social Currents 7, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 508–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496520930824.

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Louisiana’s Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast is the state of Louisiana’s ambitious response to its continuing land loss crisis. Coastal restoration enjoys universal approval as a political issue in the state; however, controversy exists over a specific project type that seeks to divert sediment from the Mississippi River into surrounding marsh. While the State argues that sediment diversions are critical for land building, widespread concerns persist that changes to the estuary will generate economic hardship for coastal communities. This study investigates the structural challenges that diversion opponents have faced in their effort to mount effective resistance to the State’s sediment diversion projects. The study uses Lukes’ radical perspective of power to explore the ways in which the institutional configuration in Louisiana’s coastal zone produces an insular bureaucratic coalition that limits political opportunity for excluded groups to affect the coastal planning process. This article argues that this coalition, and the State and the energy industry in particular, has been able to leverage non-decision power and ideology to inhibit mobilization against the diversion component of the coastal master plan.

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Vladimir Torres, James, and Leonardo Moreno-Álvarez. "INTRODUCCIÓN: INLAND PORTS IN THE ANGLO-IBERIAN ATLANTIC: NEW APPROACHES FROM ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL HISTORY." Illes i imperis, no. 24 (November 24, 2022): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31009/illesimperis.2022.i24.01.

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Inland waterways had an expansive role in the economic performance of preindustrialand early industrial societies. The lower freight rates and lower biomass consumptioncharacteristic of riverine trade allowed merchants to export bulky, low-value-to-weightcommodities to distant nodes and successfully compete in global, competitive markets.As a growing literature has shown, economies endowed with an extensive network of inlandwaterways were better positioned to benefit from regional specialization andSmithian growth.1 The increasing integration of markets in China, Europe, and other regionsbefore the twentieth century was driven, among other things, by fundamental organizationaland technological changes in river navigation, such as improvements in portfacilities, canalization, customs simplification, and elimination of barriers to entry.2 Theadvent of steam navigation strengthened the productivity gains in river trade, makingupriver navigation cost-effective and further connecting inland nodes to the expansivewaves of global trade.3

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Marcos-García, Silvia, Laura Alonso-Muñoz, and Andreu Casero-Ripollés. "The Influence of the Negative Campaign on Facebook: The Role of Political Actors and Citizens in the Use of Criticism and Political Attack in the 2016 Spanish General Elections." Social Sciences 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10100356.

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Social media has become an essential platform in the field of digital political communication. In the context of accommodating electoral campaigns to digital media and the absence of barriers to freedom of expression existing on these platforms, attacks on political rivals and negative campaigns are increasing on social media. This research analyzes the use of criticism on Facebook by political actors during the electoral campaign and citizens’ reactions to these messages. The sample (n = 601) contains the publications disseminated on Facebook by political parties and leaders during the electoral campaign of the general elections of 26 June 2016 in Spain. The results show that criticism is an emerging resource in the digital communication strategy of political actors, mainly used by the opposition parties and their candidates, who focus their attacks on the party and leader of the Government. Attacks are mainly focused on the professional side of their rivals, although they also give a central role to emotions. Citizens are attracted to these attacks and are prone to interact with posts that include this resource.

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Miles (麦哲维), Steven B. "Upriver and Overseas: Revisiting Boundaries in the Study of Nineteenth-Century Cantonese Migration." Journal of Chinese Overseas 18, no. 2 (October 4, 2022): 216–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341465.

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Abstract Inspired by one of the themes of the “Boundaries and Bonds: An International Conference on Chinese Diaspora,” hosted by Nanyang Technological University in October 2021, this article explores conceptual boundaries in the study of Cantonese migration during the pivotal nineteenth century. Based on research on internal Cantonese migration along the West River, but set in a comparative framework of overseas Cantonese migration, I consider in turn natural or topographical barriers, political boundaries, regional and class discrepancies, and gendered imaginings and practices of migration. Focusing on villages and townships along the West River, I show that emigrant communities with prior access to a long, navigable, and commercially important river readily adapted to new experiences of overseas migration after the mid-nineteenth century.

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Partola, Andriy. "RESEARCH ON FUNCTIONING CONDITIONS OF ENTERPRISES OF INLAND WATER TRANSPORT OF UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS." PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT 2(14), no. 2 (14) (2018): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5215-2018-2(14)-41-48.

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The article is devoted to the study of operating conditions of Ukrainian water transport enterprises and the identification of barriers for its effective development. Classification of all problems by groups such as natural, technical, political and economic ones is carried out. Reasons of high cost of river traffic, low level of infrastructure and non-compliance of legislative base with modern requirements are analyzed. A comparison of approaches to solving the identified problems in Ukraine and EU countries is conducted. Strategic directions for the development of inland waterways enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of European integration are outlined.

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Mbatha, C. N. "Physical, Political and Local Practice Factors as Barriers to Agricultural Development: A Case of the Kat River Valley, South Africa." Open Geography Journal 4, no. 1 (January 18, 2011): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874923201104010091.

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Gaunard-Anderson, Marie-France. "Le Bug, vers la gestion commune d'une rivière frontière entre un pays de l'Union européenne, la Pologne, et ses voisins, l'Ukraine et la Biélorussie." Regions and Cohesion 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2014.040206.

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The Western Bug is one of the major border rivers in Central and Eastern Europe. It is the border between Poland and Ukraine and between Poland and Belarus, but at the same time it is one of the European Union's external borders. Despite this particular position and a certain number of political, legal, economic and human barriers, cross-border cooperation is improving in order to preserve water resources and promote better management. This article illustrates the main steps that lead to this cooperation and seeks to analyze whether it will be possible to set up common management of the Bug river basin. Spanish El Bug occidental es uno de los ríos más importante en Europa central y oriental ya que sirve como límite entre Polonia y Ucrania, Polonia y Bielorusia, y como frontera externa a la Unión Europea. A pesar de esta situación particular y de los numerosos obstáculos que superar (políticos, jurídicos, económicos y humanos), la cooperación transfronteriza avanza para preservar el recurso agua y gestionar mejor la cuenca hidrográfica del Bug. El artículo presenta las principales etapas de esta cooperación, las medidas implementadas y, analizando los principales obstáculos al establecimiento de una política común, se interroga sobre la posibilidad de una gestión conjunta en la cuenca del Bug. French Le Bug occidental est une des principales rivières frontières en Europe centrale et orientale. Elle sert non seulement de limite entre la Pologne et l'Ukraine, la Pologne et la Biélorussie, mais aussi de frontière externe à l'Union européenne. Malgré cette position particulière et les nombreux obstacles à surmonter (politique, juridique, économique et humain), la coopération transfrontalière progresse en vue de préserver la ressource en eau et de mieux gérer le bassin hydrographique du Bug. L'article présente les principales étapes de cette coopération, les moyens mis en œuvre et s'interroge sur la possibilité de gérer en commun le bassin du Bug en analysant les principaux obstacles à la mise en place d'une politique commune.

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BIEBER, JUDY. "‘The Brazilian Rhône’: Economic Development of the Doce River Basin in Nineteenth-Century Brazil, 1819–49’." Journal of Latin American Studies 48, no. 1 (October 12, 2015): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x15000851.

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AbstractThis article examines attempts to modernise navigation of the Doce River in Brazil during the early nineteenth century. It focuses primarily on the development of a joint Anglo-Brazilian business venture, The Rio Doce Company (1832–49). The failure of the Rio Doce Company cannot be attributed to a single overarching cause, but reflects numerous barriers to economic development including a cumbersome regulatory bureaucracy, capital scarcity, poor technological integration, challenging topography, and Brazilian political resistance to British investment and corporate oversight. This article contributes to the field of business history in the immediate post-independence era, a topic that has received relatively little scholarly attention.

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Esquilín, Mary Ann Gosser. "Ecofeminist discourse and fluid lyrical sexualities." Journal of Language and Sexuality 5, no. 2 (September 16, 2016): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jls.5.2.02esq.

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The traditional reading of Julia de Burgos’s (1914–1953) poem “Río Grande de Loíza” positions the river as a male lover. An ecofeminist reading yields a very different reading and raises other questions about the gendered and sexual message circulating within the poem. In my reading, the river becomes a fluid, lyrical mirror reflecting the poet’s quest for transnational and transsexual freedom unbound by female corporeality. Burgos invokes the river as a non-human Other interlocutor in order to deconstruct both the geographic and political boundaries imposed by US colonial hegemony and the sexual ones foisted by patriarchal-oriented Puerto Rican nationalists who viewed sexuality as heteronormative. By the 1930s, landscapes had been appropriated as symbols of the fatherland and a distinct Puerto Rican identity. Burgos’s language establishes instead a fluvial proto-feminist discourse of empowerment by imagining multiple sites of corporeal pleasure that transcend national barriers and offers alternative poetic fluid sexualities.

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Gregory, Andrew, Emma Spence, Paul Beier, and Emily Garding. "Toward Best Management Practices for Ecological Corridors." Land 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020140.

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Ecological corridors are one of the best, and possibly only viable, management tools to maintain biodiversity at large scales and to allow species, and ecological processes, to track climate change. This document has been assembled as a summary of the best available information about managing these systems. Our aim with this paper is to provide managers with a convenient guidance document and tool to assist in applying scientific management principles to management of corridors. We do not cover issues related to corridor design or political buy in, but focus on how a corridor should be managed once it has been established. The first part of our paper outlines the history and value of ecological corridors. We next describe our methodologies for developing this guidance document. We then summarize the information about the impacts of linear features on corridors and strategies for dealing with them—specifically, we focus on the effects of roads, canals, security fences, and transmission lines. Following the description of effects, we provide a summary of the best practices for managing the impacts of linear barriers. Globally, many corridors are established in the flood plains of stream and rivers and occur in riparian areas associated with surface waters. Therefore, we next provide guidance on how to manage corridors that occur in riparian areas. We then segue into corridors and the urban/suburban environment, and summarize strategies for dealing with urban development within corridors. The final major anthropic land use that may affect corridor management is cultivation and grazing agriculture. We end this review by identifying gaps in knowledge pertaining to how best to manage corridors.

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POTTER, SIMON J. "THE IMPERIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CANADIAN–AMERICAN RECIPROCITY PROPOSALS OF 1911." Historical Journal 47, no. 1 (March 2004): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x03003522.

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This article builds on the recent willingness among British, Canadian, and imperial historians to question older national histories, and to re-examine how the divergent societies, economies, and polities of the empire once interacted in a wider ‘British world’. It argues that the press acted as a key mechanism for the transmission of political ideas through the permeable internal boundaries of empire. This is demonstrated through analysis of contemporary debate over the Canadian–American reciprocity proposals of 1911. This controversy provided an opportunity for political groups in Britain and Canada to use the press to forge alliances with each other and work together on a specific issue. Two key forces made this possible. In Britain, constructive imperialists had since 1903 sought to rally Dominion support for tariff reform, initially with limited success. In Canada, neither western farmers nor eastern manufacturers seemed interested in imperial preference. It was the reciprocity proposals that changed the situation, providing the second driving force. Canadian manufacturing interests, seeking to prevent the lowering of tariff barriers against United States rivals, began to court British constructive imperialists. As a result political conflict was reshaped both in colony and metropole.

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Mandal, Ram Krishna. "Emerging Scenario of Trade Potentialities of North-East India: Challenges and Opportunities." Journal of Global Economy 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v5i1.98.

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The North-East Region (NER) of India which comprises of eight states, namely Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura shares most of its boundary with China, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Myanmar. The NER accounts for about eight per cent of the country's geographical area and about four per cent of population. Tribals account for more than 30 per cent of the total population of NER. Inadequate and poor infrastructure, inhospitable terrain and a comÂ¬paratively late start in the development process are some of the reasons for economic backÂ¬wardness of the region. However, the NER has certain strengths in different angles to achieve economic development in easy way. From the geo-political angle, the NER is located in a strategic location as it is bounded by these several foreign countries. Naturally it has got both advantages and disadvantages due to its location. So far advantages are concerned it is connected with the South-East Asian countries mainly China, Myanmar, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Cambodia and Indonesia etc where almost half of the worldâ€™s population live. There is no doubt that this vast population could have great advantage for establishing any kind of trade and commerce. But the vary geographical condition basically the rivers and mountains of the country stand as a barrier and create geoâ€“political tensions which ultimately act as most disadvantages factors in creating a conducive atmosphere in the path of developing trade relation among those countries.

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Weissbein, Itamar. "Revisiting the Isolated Canaanite Temple of Tel Mevorakh." Journal of Landscape Ecology 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 58–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlecol-2017-0026.

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Abstract The isolated Late Bronze temple at Tel Mevorakh was interpreted by its excavator, E. Stern, as a “road sanctuary” which sits on an important trading route, and as a daughter site of Tel Dor. This article, wish to reexamine this interpretation by drawing the attention to the ancient natural landscape which surrounds the temple, especially the Taninim River and the Kabara Marsh. Those major water sources where significant natural barriers which prevented the passage of main roads in this area. Probably, they also formed a political border which divides between Tel Mevorakh and the Carmel Coast. Therefore, this paper offers that the Tel Mevorakh temple was part of the settlement system of the northern Sharon, and was isolated from roads. The main reason that led to the establishment of a cult-site at Tel Mevorakh was its unique natural surroundings, which was related in the minds of its worshipers to the mythical world of the gods.

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Arfanuzzaman, Md. "Regional Co-Operation and Economic Prosperity in South Asia: Challenges of Unfair Trade and Transboundary Deadlock." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2019-0001.

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SummarySubject and purpose of work: The study attempts to examine the trade unfairness and transboundary bottlenecks between Bangladesh and India with a view to prosper a balanced trade and sustained water cooperation.Materials and methods: The study is based on secondary data and statistical information. Mixed research methods such as qualitative, quantitative and data visualization techniques are adopted in this study to assess the political economy of river basin management, loss and damage assessment and trade situation assessment.Results: Due to upstream intervention, the North-Western region of Bangladesh has lost 4254218 metric tons of rice production during 2006-2014 cropping years which value is $1036 million. During the same period, the trade deficit of Bangladesh stood at $5.58 billion with India due to the diverse tariff and non-tariff barriers which triggers tension between this close neighbor.Conclusions: The trade and water co-operation should be extended among the South Asian countries including India and Bangladesh without delay to obtain the maximum benefit and economic prosperity.

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Du, Michael M. "Reducing Product Standards Heterogeneity through International Standards in the WTO: How Far across the River?" Journal of World Trade 44, Issue 2 (April 1, 2010): 295–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2010010.

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Heterogeneity in product standards across World Trade Organization (WTO) Members adversely affects the international flow of goods and its reduction will increase global economic welfare if legitimate regulatory objectives are not violated. The Uruguay Round has seen the incorporation of international standards in both the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Agreement as a harmonization device. Despite many benefits that international standards may offer, WTO’s attachment to international standards has been subject to various criticisms. This paper intends to offer a detailed analysis of the role of international standards in the TBT and the SPS Agreement. Especially, I will examine whether and to what extent international standards have constrained WTO Members’ regulatory autonomy in setting domestic product standards.

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Ivanov, Aleksandr. "Something there is that doesn’t love a wall… (Notes on the 16th Venice Architecture Biennale 2018)." Judaic-Slavic Journal, no. 1 (2) (2019): 148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3364.2019.1.1.5.

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The article reviews two exhibitions presented at the Israeli and German pavilions at the 2018 Venice Architecture Biennale,where the 16th International Architecture Exhibition was themed and titled as FREESPACE.The Manifesto,written by Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara, the chief curators of the Biennale, proclaimed, among other things, that FREESPACE provides its participants with «…freedom to imagine the free space of time and memory, binding past, present and future together, building on inherited cultural layers, weaving the archaic with the contemporary…» In accordance with the Manifesto, the curators of the Israeli exhibition named In Statu Quo: Structures of Negotiation attempted to deconstruct, in the historical and architectural perspective,the stages of interfaith struggle for holy sites in Israel and on the West Bank of the Jordan River. The German exhibition Unbuilding Walls was dedicated to the twenty-eighth anniversary of the destruction of the Berlin Wall. One of its key exhibits was the visual installation Wall of Opinions, composed of video interviews with residents of various countries, including Israel, where demarcation lines (all kinds of walls, fences, barriers) still exist today, turning «free spaces» into exclusion zones. Both exhibitions convincingly showed the political and social problems that the modern society faces when attempting to create «free spaces» for informal interaction between diverse ethnic and social groups in different countries. Moreover, the exhibition of the Israeli pavilion clearly points at the hidden dangers of new demarcation barriers when the sides of interethnic and interconfessional conflicts fail to reach an agreement about the status of one or another place, while the curators from Germany, symbolically dismantling the global walls of misunderstanding, give us hope to overcome such problems.

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Effiom, Bassey Ekeng, Mercy Lawrence Ekwok, Mary Oshama Ebuara, Kelechi Odo-Simon, G. Akpama Elizabeth, and Anthonia Inaja. "Counselling Adult Leaner for Community Participation in Development of Literacy Centers in Akampa Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria." JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL POLICY 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/jhsp.v8.no2.2022.pg17.

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This paper focus on how adult literacy education and community development are explored to determine how adult literacy education might be used to further the goals of community development in Akampa Local Government Area of Cross River State. While there are parallels between these two disciplines, there are also barriers to overcome if an integrated approach to dealing with community issues is realized. This paper reflected an interest in advancing a comprehensive approach to community development in communities with limited economic resources, low-level literacy and limited access. It seeks to address the issue of whether adult literacy education programs have a meaningful role to play in community development. The strengths of participatory approaches such as community-based literacy, and community development principles such as collective action, shared values, participation, social justice, political awareness and action, comprehensiveness, empowerment, and learning and reflection, facilitate an interdisciplinary approach. putting these three perspectives sought to stimulate and provoke the adult learner to critically analyse issues around him/her and be able to suggest practical solutions that will lead to his/her personal development and that of the rural community, all within the cultural setting. promotes confidence as an individual in a modern society, and as a member of a national and world community

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Belletti, Barbara, Carlos Garcia de Leaniz, Joshua Jones, Simone Bizzi, Luca Börger, Gilles Segura, Andrea Castelletti, et al. "More than one million barriers fragment Europe’s rivers." Nature 588, no. 7838 (December 16, 2020): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-3005-2.

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Harcourt, A. H., and M. A. Wood. "Rivers as Barriers to Primate Distributions in Africa." International Journal of Primatology 33, no. 1 (December 6, 2011): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-011-9558-z.

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Schäfer, Tobias. "Legal Protection Schemes for Free-Flowing Rivers in Europe: An Overview." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 6423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116423.

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Most of Europe’s rivers are highly fragmented by barriers. This study examines legal protection schemes, that specifically aim at preserving the free-flowing character of rivers. Based on national legislation, such schemes are found in seven European countries: Slovenia, Finland, Sweden, France and Spain as well as Norway and Iceland. The study provides an overview of the individual schemes and their respective scope, compares their protection mechanisms and assesses their effectiveness. As Europe’s the remaining free-flowing rivers are threatened by hydropower and other development, the need for effective legal protection, comparable to the designation of Wild and Scenic Rivers in the United States, is urgent. Similarly, any ambitious strategy for the restoration of free-flowing rivers should be complemented with a mechanism for their permanent protection once dams and other barriers are removed. The investigated legal protection schemes constitute a starting point for envisioning a more cohesive European network of strictly protected free-flowing rivers.

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Classen, Albrecht. "Waterways as Landmarks, Challenges, and Barriers for Medieval Protagonists." Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 78, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 441–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340123.

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Abstract In light of recent ecocritical approaches to literary analysis, this paper endeavors to analyze how creeks, rivers, and other waterways function in a variety of medieval and early modern texts. As the discussion of Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Parzival and Titurel, of the Nibelungenlied, Njál’s Saga, Dante’s Inferno, and Marguerite de Navarre’s Heptaméron indicates, the inclusion of creeks or rivers within the narrative context indicates that major events are to occur in the protagonist’s life. Life and death are determined by the experiences at, on, or even in the river. Even if the poets do not necessarily discuss the waterways as such in their geophysical properties and dimensions, the consistent reference to and inclusion of rivers in those literary works illustrates the true extent to which pre-modern poets were already fully aware of the epistemological function which waterways could carry in human life.

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Li, Heying, Demin Zhou, Shanshan Hu, Jianchen Zhang, Yuemei Jiang, and Yue Zhang. "Barrier-based Longitudinal Connectivity Index for Managing Urban Rivers." Water 10, no. 11 (November 21, 2018): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111701.

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A large variety of barriers can affect longitudinal connectivity, which leads to shipping blocking and even flood hazard. However, few existing methods can quantify physically the river channel connectivity from the barrier’s details perspective in a watershed. This paper establishes a new model of the River Channel Connectivity Index (RCCI) to quantify the unobstructed degree of river flow in river channels within geographic information system (GIS ) platforms based on the modified concept of time accessibility. A comprehensive classification system of barriers is setup before these barriers are identified by the remote sensing technology. The model is applied to Dashi Watershed in suburban Beijing, China. Results show that submersible bridges and sediment siltation are the main barriers in the watershed. RCCI values in the mountainous areas are generally higher than that of the plains. The assessment results verified by two historical flood events show that the RCCI can reveal where the river channel connectivity is impaired, how serious it is, and what the reason is for managers. Through scenarios’ results, the best restoration measure for each tributary is obtained from the perspective of reducing flood hazards. The new RCCI method not only has methodological significance, but also helps policymakers to enhance river flooding reduction and determine restoration priorities of the river channel.

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Schiesari, Luis, Jansen Zuanon, Claudia Azevedo-Ramos, Marcelo Garcia, Marcelo Gordo, Mariluce Messias, and Emerson Monteiro Vieira. "Macrophyte rafts as dispersal vectors for fishes and amphibians in the Lower Solimões River, Central Amazon." Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, no. 3 (April 28, 2003): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403003365.

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Large rivers have played a prominent role in biogeographic theory for their potential to act as barriers for the dispersal of terrestrial organisms,and therefore be involved in the generation of species diversity (Brown & Lomolino 1998). In this paper, we document the potential role of macrophyte rafts as a mechanism by which Amazonian rivers could act as dispersal agents rather than barriers, transferring organisms across banks and possibly across very large distances. These vectors could therefore act against speciation and towards homogenization of the local biota.

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Fernandes, Alexandre M., Mario Cohn-Haft, Tomas Hrbek, and Izeni Pires Farias. "Rivers acting as barriers for bird dispersal in the Amazon." Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 22, no. 4 (December 2014): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03544273.

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Harcourt, A. H., and M. A. Wood. "Erratum to: Rivers as Barriers to Primate Distributions in Africa." International Journal of Primatology 33, no. 6 (September 4, 2012): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-012-9637-9.

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Watson, Geoffrey R. "The “Wall” Decisions in Legal and Political Context." American Journal of International Law 99, no. 1 (January 2005): 6–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3246086.

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In June 2002, the Israeli cabinet approved a plan to construct a continuous “security fence” separating much of the occupied West Bank of the Jordan River from Israel proper. The stated purpose of the barrier was to prevent Palestinian terrorists from entering Israel and killing Israeli civilians. Construction began in 2002, and a significant portion of the structure had been completed by early 2004. The current route of the wall deviates significantly from the “Green Line”—the 1949 armistice line that separates the West Bank from Israel. The fence frequently enters and traverses the West Bank, encircling Jewish settlements there. Eventually, about 15 percent of the territory of the West Bank, home to several hundred thousand Palestinians, will lie between the wall and the Green Line.

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Dambros, Cristian, Gabriela Zuquim, Gabriel M. Moulatlet, Flávia R. C. Costa, Hanna Tuomisto, Camila C. Ribas, Renato Azevedo, et al. "The role of environmental filtering, geographic distance and dispersal barriers in shaping the turnover of plant and animal species in Amazonia." Biodiversity and Conservation 29, no. 13 (September 2, 2020): 3609–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-02040-3.

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Abstract To determine the effect of rivers, environmental conditions, and isolation by distance on the distribution of species in Amazonia. Location: Brazilian Amazonia. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Birds, fishes, bats, ants, termites, butterflies, ferns + lycophytes, gingers and palms. We compiled a unique dataset of biotic and abiotic information from 822 plots spread over the Brazilian Amazon. We evaluated the effects of environment, geographic distance and dispersal barriers (rivers) on assemblage composition of animal and plant taxa using multivariate techniques and distance- and raw-data-based regression approaches. Environmental variables (soil/water), geographic distance, and rivers were associated with the distribution of most taxa. The wide and relatively old Amazon River tended to determine differences in community composition for most biological groups. Despite this association, environment and geographic distance were generally more important than rivers in explaining the changes in species composition. The results from multi-taxa comparisons suggest that variation in community composition in Amazonia reflects both dispersal limitation (isolation by distance or by large rivers) and the adaptation of species to local environmental conditions. Larger and older river barriers influenced the distribution of species. However, in general this effect is weaker than the effects of environmental gradients or geographical distance at broad scales in Amazonia, but the relative importance of each of these processes varies among biological groups.

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Sabando, M. C., I. Vila, R. Peñaloza, and D. Véliz. "Contrasting population genetic structure of two widespread aquatic insects in the Chilean high-slope rivers." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10105.

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Dispersal and many other factors affect population genetic structure. In central Chile, rivers are characterised by strong currents and transverse mountain chains, which impose physical barriers to the populations that inhabit them. The objective of the present study was to study the population genetic structure of two widespread species of aquatic insects, the caddisfly Smicridea annulicornis and the mayfly Andesiops torrens, in three isolated rivers, Choapa, Maipo and Maule. The analysis of population structure, using both mtDNA (cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1, COI) and nuclear markers (amplified fragment length polymorphism, AFLP), considered samples from within and among rivers. In S. annulicornis, we found differentiation within and among rivers, indicating a low dispersal among the study area. Populations of A. torrens shared haplotypes in all three rivers and no differences were found among rivers, indicating that this species probably has more dispersal potential than does S. annulicornis; however, significant differences were observed within rivers. Our results indicate that the transverse mountain chains are not a barrier for A. torrens, which can disperse among rivers. Within rivers, the population structure suggests that these species are probably adapted to avoid drift because of the torrential character of these Chilean rivers.

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Slater, Lisa. "‘Wild Rivers, Wild Ideas’: Emerging Political Ecologies of Cape York Wild Rivers." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 31, no. 5 (January 2013): 763–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d3012.

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Dahl, Chris, Stephen J. Richards, and Vojtech Novotny. "The Sepik River (Papua New Guinea) is not a dispersal barrier for lowland rain-forest frogs." Journal of Tropical Ecology 29, no. 6 (September 11, 2013): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467413000527.

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Abstract:Major tropical rivers have been suggested to be important dispersal barriers that increase the beta diversity of animal communities in lowland rain forests. We tested this hypothesis using assemblages of frogs in the floodplains of the Sepik River, a major river system in Papua New Guinea. We surveyed frogs at five sites within a continuous 150 × 500-km area of lowland rain forest bisected by the Sepik, using standardized visual and auditory survey techniques. We documented 769 frogs from 44 species. The similarity in species composition decreased with logarithm of geographical distance between the sites, which ranged from 82 to 465 km. The similarity decay did not depend on whether or not the compared sites were separated by the Sepik River or whether the species were aquatic or terrestrial breeders. Likewise, a DCA ordination of frog assemblages did not show separation of sites by the river as a significant factor explaining their composition. Our results suggest that even major rivers, such as the Sepik, may not act as dispersal barriers. Rivers may not limit the distribution of frogs and therefore have a limited effect on determining frog species abundance and assemblage structure in rain forests.

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Erskine, W. D., M. J. Saynor, L. Erskine, K. G. Evans, and D. R. Moliere. "A preliminary typology of Australian tropical rivers and implications for fish community ecology." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04078.

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Australian tropical rivers are dependent on highly seasonal rainfall and runoff between November and April. They also transport low sediment and solute loads, except where catchments have been disturbed by mining, grazing and cropping. Aquatic habitats or channel units are the physical template influencing fish communities. Pools provide dry-season refuges for fish and channels provide pathways for movement between refuges when streamflows are re-established. A preliminary geomorphological typology of Australian tropical river reaches (excludes estuaries) is proposed that defines nine distinct river types: (1) bedrock rivers (upland channels and gorges); (2) bedrock-confined rivers; (3) avulsive rivers; (4) meandering rivers (confined meandering, laterally migrating unconfined and laterally stable unconfined); (5) straight rivers; (6) floodouts; (7) island- and ridge-anabranching rivers; (8) co-existent mud-braided and anabranching rivers; and (9) extensive freshwater wetlands and billabongs. Many of these have not been recognised overseas and are unique. Channel units differ greatly between river types and contribute to distinctive fish communities in different river types. As expected, fish diversity decreases upstream because of less diverse habitat and natural barriers to fish movement at steps, falls and turbulent cascades and rapids. Fish kills occur in most years and are caused by several different factors that reduce dissolved oxygen.

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Feierabend, Dashiell, and Knut Kielland. "Multiple crossings of a large glacial river by Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis)." Canadian Field-Naturalist 128, no. 1 (March 26, 2014): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v128i1.1555.

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Rivers may act as barriers to the movement of terrestrial mammals, which could limit dispersal and gene flow. Glacial rivers are particularly hazardous because of the cold water temperature and swift current. Yet, we determined that 2 Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) equipped with GPS collars repeatedly swam across the main channel of the Tanana River in interior Alaska in 2011 as late in the season as November, when the average minimum daily air temperature was −27°C. These observations are consistent with the low level of genetic structure observed in Canada Lynx in northwestern North America and suggest that even large rivers may pose less of a barrier to movement by Canada Lynx than expected.

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McAnulty, Sara J. "Modern Poetry in the Classroom: Breaking the Barriers: Teaching Martin Jamison's "Rivers"." English Journal 78, no. 2 (February 1989): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/819138.

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Pavlov, D. S., V. N. Mikheev, and V. V. Kostin. "Migrations of Fish Juveniles in Dammed Rivers: the Role of Ecological Barriers." Journal of Ichthyology 59, no. 2 (March 2019): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0032945219020140.

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Zarfl, Christiane, and Bernhard Lehner. "European rivers are fragmented by many more barriers than had been recorded." Nature 588, no. 7838 (December 16, 2020): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-03440-9.

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Craul, Mathias, Ute Radespiel, David W. Rasolofoson, Gilbert Rakotondratsimba, Odon Rakotonirainy, Solofonirina Rasoloharijaona, Blanchard Randrianambinina, et al. "Large rivers do not always act as species barriers for Lepilemur sp." Primates 49, no. 3 (July 2008): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-008-0092-3.

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Ward, Frank A. "Forging sustainable transboundary water-sharing agreements: barriers and opportunities." Water Policy 15, no. 3 (October 18, 2012): 386–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.003.

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Few international water-sharing agreements have shown the flexibility to adjust to extended drought; fewer still provide safeguards for adaptation to modern climate variability. Yet, current conflicts over the development and use of transboundary rivers continue to motivate the search for negotiated water-sharing arrangements that can provide flexibility in the face of change. To avoid future conflicts, an agreement must include measures that allow for adaptation to changes in water supplies, population, climate, technology, infrastructure, and economic activity while also guiding water use patterns. The benefits of a flexible agreement can be a more predictable water supply for all riparians, greater incentives to develop needed water infrastructure and more open, transparent and accountable water institutions. Other benefits include increased food production, water security, environmental protection, reduced flood damage, better adaptation to the costs of extreme weather and variable climate, and a reduced need for complex legal, administrative and enforcement activities. This paper investigates ways to achieve sustainable transboundary water-sharing agreements. It investigates barriers to forging water-sharing agreements, describes errors that could undermine settlements and presents takeaway lessons from two North American agreements and one in south Asia. Finally, the paper proposes an approach by which information on headwater flows and historical use patterns could be used to allocate supplies between riparians that adapt to changes in water supply and demand. Outcomes from the implementation of structured, but flexible agreements could help guide future negotiated settlements for the worlds international rivers.

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Schulman, Susan. "Between Two Rivers." RUSI Journal 167, no. 4-5 (July 29, 2022): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2022.2154969.

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Istomin, Kirill V. "Roads versus Rivers." Sibirica 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sib.2020.190202.

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In northwestern Siberia, rivers historically played an essential role in structuring economic, cultural, and administrative space. The rivers’ role in spatial perception is reflected in vocabulary of some local languages. With the recent development of roads and railroads, a new way has emerged to structure socioeconomic and political space. The two systems of spatial structuring contradict each other, and their relative importance for different local groups depends on their professional and ethnocultural affiliation. This leads to different perceptions of space, distances, and geographic directions by the members of these groups. Furthermore, since the administrative borders reflect the “river” system, but the administrative power is increasingly projected along the roads and railroads, the conflict between the two systems has a political dimension.

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Mameri, Daniel, Rui Rivaes, Maria Teresa Ferreira, Stefan Schmutz, and José Maria Santos. "Climate Change Effects on Fish Passability across a Rock Weir in a Mediterranean River." Water 13, no. 19 (October 5, 2021): 2758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192758.

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Climate change represents a major challenge for the management of native fish communities in Mediterranean rivers, as reductions in discharge may lead to a decrease in passability through small barriers such as weirs, both in temporary and perennial rivers. Through hydraulic modelling, we investigated how discharges from a large hydropower plant in the Tagus River are expected to affect the passability of native freshwater fish species through a rock weir (Pego, Portugal), equipped with a nature-like fish ramp. We considered not only mean daily discharge values retrieved from nearby gauging stations (1991–2005) for our flow datasets, but also predicted discharge values based on climatic projections (RCP) until the end of the century (2071–2100) for the Tagus River. Results showed that a minimum flow of 3 m3 s−1 may be required to ensure the passability of all species through the ramp and that passability was significantly lower in the RCP scenarios than in the historical scenario. This study suggests that climate change may reduce the passability of native fish species in weirs, meaning that the construction of small barriers in rivers should consider the decreases in discharge predicted from global change scenarios for the suitable management of fish populations.

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Popelka, Sarah J., and Laurence C. Smith. "Rivers as political borders: a new subnational geospatial dataset." Water Policy 22, no. 3 (May 6, 2020): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.041.

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Abstract Rivers are commonly used to define political borders, but no global study has quantified the importance of rivers on territorial delimitation at subnational scales. This paper presents Global Subnational River-Borders (GSRB), a first comprehensive geospatial dataset of subnational, as well as national, political borders set by large rivers. GSRB incorporates three previous vector datasets (GAUL, GRWL + +, and WDBII) to map and quantify the use of large rivers as political borders at local, state, and national scales. GSRB conservatively finds that at least 58,588 km (23%) of the world's interior (non-coastal) national borders, 199,922 km (17%) of the world's interior state/province borders, and 459,459 km (12%) of the world's interior local-level political borders are set by large rivers. GSRB finds 222, 2,350, and 14,808 dyads sharing river-borders at these three administrative scales, respectively. While previous studies have emphasized transboundary rivers separating nations, GSRB highlights the abundance of river-borders at subnational scales, where numerous domestic stakeholders share jurisdiction in water resource management. These participants, identified with GSRB, ought not to be ignored when crafting water policy and instituting whole-basin management regimes. GSRB should prove useful for global, geospatial analyses of riparian stakeholders across administrative scales. The GSRB dataset (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3906566) can be found via the following link https://zenodo.org/record/3906567#.XvN-GGhKjIU.

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Dobbs, Stephen. "Rivers of concern." Postcolonial Studies 15, no. 3 (September 2012): 395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688790.2012.753663.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rivers and political barriers'

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