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Smedley, David Alan. "Rivers as borders, dividing or uniting? : the effect of topography and implications for catchment management in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005527.
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South Africa's water resources are unequally distributed over space and time to a high degree and our already stressed water resources situation will only be exacerbated by climate change if current predictions are correct. The potential for conflict over increasingly strained water resources in South Africa is thus very real. In order to deal with these complex problems national legislation is demanding that water resource management be decentralized to the local level where active participation can take place in an integrated manner in accordance with the principles of IWRM. However, administrative and political boundaries rarely match those of catchments as, throughout South Africa, rivers have been employed extensively to delineate administrative and political boundaries at a number of spatial scales. The aim of this research is to determine if rivers act as dividing or uniting features in a socio-political landscape and whether topography will influence their role in this context. By considering sections of the Orange-Senqu River, some of which are employed as political or administrative boundaries, this project furthermore aims to consider the implications of this for catchment management in South Africa. South Africa's proposed form of decentralized water management will have to contend with the effects of different topographies on the way in which rivers are perceived and utilized. The ability of a river to act as a dividing or uniting feature is dependent on a number of interrelated factors, the effects of which are either reduced or enhanced by the topography surrounding the river. Factors such as the state of the resource, levels of utilization, local histories and the employment of the river as a political or administrative border are all factors that determine the extent to which a river unites or divides the communities along its banks, and are all influenced by topography. The implications of this for the management of catchments in South Africa are significant. Local water management institutions will have to contend with a mismatch in borders and in many cases bridge social divides that are deeply entrenched along the banks of rivers. Importantly, the need for a context specific approach to catchment management is highlighted.
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Du, Junrong. "Borders within the border : economic development and mobility in two sub-regions of the Pearl River delta, South China." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51000.
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This dissertation explores how local labour markets and labour migration are constructed within in the Pearl River delta region in Guangdong province, south China. The Pearl River delta region has become one of the most industrialized and prosperous regions in China since economic reform began in 1979. Industrial growth has occurred in areas that were primarily agricultural, yet the trajectory of growth has been uneven. Uneven development has generated two distinct economic structures and economic activities within the delta region. The core area is highly industrialized, and partially urbanized, while the periphery is less industrialized and by Pearl River delta standards marginally developed.
The data for this study were derived primarily from a survey conducted in five formerly rural communities in the Pearl River delta. Over 400 labour migrants were interviewed. Ethnographic observation and secondary documentary analysis complemented the survey data. I argue, firstly, that rural industrialization created large scale labour migration in and around village settlements rather than urban areas. Labour market formation in Chinese rural contexts offers a sharp contrast to current migration studies and labour market formation. Secondly, the hukou system and other policies of residence management have major consequences for labour migration in China. Labour migration occurs in a domestic context and despite some distinctions occurs within a single cultural system. Chinese labour migrants cross administrative boundaries and face cultural adjustment such as language and industrial work. They can be seen as analogous to foreign workers as described in international migration studies. Yet institutional arrangements create unequal access to the benefits of citizenship and distinctive living arrangements. They generate contested identities in the places where migrants seek employment. The social networks of migrants have become facilitating factors in obtaining jobs and initial settlement, yet they may also hinder social integration into highly solidary host communities. This study has implications beyond labour market formation and identity change. Given the large population of labour migrants in China and the patterns of labour migration under specific institutional context and local social characteristics, it casts light on the profound social transformation in China as a whole.Arts, Faculty of
Sociology, Department of
Graduate
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Dong, Na. "Border ice processes on the Saint Lawrence River." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28450/28450.pdf.
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Border ice is one of many ice freeze-up processes, but it is discussed only to a limited extent in the literature. Border ice formation can be a precursor for ice jam formation that may restrict navigation and lead to flooding. This master’s thesis is mainly devoted to the research on the border ice on the Saint Lawrence River from Montréal to Québec City. This reach stays artificially open all winter because commercial ships are continuously preventing a full ice cover to form. The traffic also limits the extent of border ice.
This study provides key information on ice formation and decay. Through analysis of Environment Canada’s historical data (ice charts from 2004 to 2009), the areal coverage of border ice is analyzed during freeze-up, winter and breakup periods. The historical information of ice coverage is collected in order to find out the factors which influence its formation and its spatial limits. Border ice growth and decay rates are also discussed.
The thesis shows that border ice coverage has three stages including the rapid growth period at the beginning of the winter, the relatively stable period in the mid-winter and the breakup period as March progresses. During the mid-winter period, the border ice coverage sometimes drops sharply if the air temperature rises above 0 °C and/or if there is some rain. It was also found that the maximum border ice spatial limits are quite similar over the five winter seasons.
Based on the analysis of the ice charts, a number of empirical laws regarding the formation and decay of border ice are proposed. Along the river flowing direction, the border ice is formed easily when there are obstacles particularly at the downstream end. The obstacles could include river bends, ice booms, shoals, artificial islands, bridge piers and so on. Thus, the obstacle influences the flow velocity, which is an important factor for ice formation and also provides an object against which the ice can become fast and initiate its formation.
On average, border ice reaches 20% of its maximum coverage when the accumulated freezing degree days (AFDD) reaches 124 °C-D. This is followed by a rapid growth period that ends when the ice cover reaches about 80% of its maximum cover corresponding to AFDD equal to 247 °C-D. Border ice coverage usually reaches the maximum value when the average AFDD is 551 °C-D corresponding to the end of January.
The winter period is characterised by a stable ice cover (>90% of max) upstream of Trois-Rivières except in the event of a mid-winter thaw. Downstream of Trois-Rivières there is no stable period as the decay begins very soon after the ice reaches its maximum value.
Breakup is a gradual process that normally begins on about Feb. 15th downstream of Trois- Rivières and about March 1st upstream. Most ice has normally gone by March 31st.
Moreover, the river flow velocity, river depth and Froude number along the limits of border ice once it reaches its maximal areal coverage are evaluated and analyzed. The flow velocity is almost always less than 1.0 m/s; the maximum Froude number is normally 0.1 at Lake Saint-Pierre and 0.2 in the Montréal to Sorel reach; river depth at the ice edge can vary widely.
Through numerical modelling, it was found that border ice increased the current velocity by 0.1 m/s in the Lake Saint-Pierre reach and raised water levels by 14 cm in the Montréal to Sorel reach.La glace de rive est un des nombreux processus de formation des couverts de glace sur les rivières. Cependant peu d’articles dans la littérature traitent de ce sujet malgré que la formation de la glace de rive peut-être un précurseur de l’apparition d’embâcles qui peuvent entrainer des inondations. Ce mémoire de Maitrise porte sur l’étude de la glace de rive le long de la portion du fleuve Saint-Laurent allant de Montréal à Québec. Du fait qu’il y a de la navigation commerciale toute l’année, le fleuve reste ouvert (libre d’un couvert de glace entier) artificiellement pendant tout l’hiver. Ce trafic limite aussi l’extension de la glace de rive. Cette étude fournit des informations clés sur la formation et la désagrégation de la glace de rive. À partir des données historiques d’Environnement Canada (cartes des glaces de 2004 à 2009), la répartition superficielle de la glace de rive est analysée pour les périodes de formation, de stabilité et de rupture de la glace. Les informations historiques sur les couvertures de glace sont collectées afin de déterminer les paramètres qui influencent la formation et les limites spatiales de ce type de glace. Les taux de croissance et de décomposition de la glace de rive sont aussi abordés. Il est montré que l’évolution de la structure propre à la couverture de la glace de rive se fait en trois étapes. Une période de formation rapide (début hiver), suivie d’une période stable (milieu d’hiver) et enfin une période de rupture (pendant le moi de mars). Pendant la période stable, la glace de rive se rompt partiellement parfois lorsque la température de l’air monte au dessus de zéro °C et surtout lorsque le redoux est accompagné de pluie. Il a été trouvé aussi que les limites spatiales maximales des glaces de rive sont très semblables sur 5 hivers de la période d’étude. À partir de l’analyse des cartes des glaces, un certain nombre de relations empiriques sont proposées. Ces relations caractérisent la formation et la désagrégation des glaces de rive. Le long de la direction de l’écoulement la glace de rive est formée facilement en présence d’obstacles, et particulièrement lorsqu’elles sont à l’extrémité aval. Parmi ces obstacles on peut citer les méandres de rivière, les bancs, les estacades, les iles artificielles, les piliers de ponts. Ainsi, les obstacles influencent la vitesse d’écoulement qui est un paramètre important dans la formation de la glace et peut aussi effectuer un apport d’objets sur lesquels la glace peut s’attacher et initier son accroissement. En moyenne la glace de rive atteint 20% de sa couverture maximale lorsque son le nombre de degrés jours accumulés (DJA) atteint 124 °C-j. Ceci est suivi d’une période d’accroissement rapide qui prend fin lorsque la couverture de glace atteint 80% de son maximum qui correspond à un DJA de 247 °C-j. La couverture de glace de rive atteint son maximum lorsque le DJA atteint 551 °C-j; ce qui correspond normalement à la période de fin janvier. La période d’hiver est caractérisée par une couverture de glace stable (supérieure à 90% de son maximum) en amont de Trois-Rivières, sauf pendant les périodes de dégel mi hivernales. À l’aval de Trois-Rivières, il n’y a pas de période stable, vu que la désagrégation commence très tôt après que la glace ait cru à son étendu maximal. La rupture est un processus graduel qui normalement commence vers le 15 février en aval de Trois-Rivières et vers le premier mars en amont. La grande majorité de la glace disparait généralement avant le 31 mars. Par ailleurs, la vitesse d’écoulement de la rivière, ainsi que sa profondeur et son nombre de Froude le long des limites de la glace de rive sont évalués. Ceci dans la condition où la glace de rive a atteint sa répartition superficielle maximale. La vitesse est presque toujours inférieure à 1 m/s, le nombre de Froude maximal est normalement de 0,1 au dans le Lac St Pierre et de 0,2 sur le tronçon Montréal-Sorel. La profondeur de la rivière à la limite de la glace peut varier largement. À partir d’une modélisation numérique, il a été calculé que la glace de rive cause une augmentation de la vitesse de 0,1 m/s dans le chenal maritime du Lac St Pierre et du niveau d’eau de 14 cm dans le tronçon Montréal-Sorel.
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Franks, Kristin N. "Exclusion at the Border: Female Smugglers in Maria Full of Grace and Frozen River." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1244470239.
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Scott, Mark Thomas. "Larval fish abundance and habitat associations in backwaters and main channel borders of the Kanawha River." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45967.
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Larval fish distributions were determined in the lower Winfield Pool, Kanawha River, West 85, Virginia, using a 0.5-m plankton net and a 1-m2 dropbox. Five habitats were sampled with the plankton net, 3 habitats with the dropbox. The 5 deep water water habitats, greater than 1.5-m in depth, sampled by the plankton net included surface tows in Bill's Creek backwater, main channel border upstream and downstream of Little Guano backwater, and Little Guano Creek backwater, where deep tows (1.5 m deep) were also taken. The 3 shallow water habitats, less than 1 m in depth, sampled by the dropbox included open water over silt substrate, open water over a sand substrate, and emergent vegetation. Lepomis species, emerald shiners (Notropis atherinoides), and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) were the dominant taxa. The emerald shiner taxa could also have included some larvae of Notropis species which are also present in the Kanawha River but whose larvae have not been described. Overall, the mean total larval density did not differ between the backwater or the main channel borders but the species associated with each habitat differed greatly.
The Lepomis larvae were found predominantly in backwater areas. These areas provide suitable spawning sites for many centrarchids of this river. Upon leaving the nest, the Lepomis larvae moved into the deeper open water areas within the backwater. After reaching the juvenile stage, these same larvae returned to the shallow water habitats where they inhabited vegetated areas. Emerald shiner larvae, while present in both backwater and main channel habitats, were most abundant in the main channel borders. This is probably a result of their parent's pelagic spawning strategy. In all habitats, emerald shiner larvae predominated in the upper 1 m of water. Upon becoming larger, the emerald shiner larvae appeared in the backwaters. This increase in numbers could be due to movement, differential mortality, or higher growth rates. Other cyprinids (excluding emerald shiners and carp) were equally abundant in both backwater and main channel areas. These other cyprinid larvae were also distributed equally, Gizzard shad larvae were found predominantly in the main channel borders. Presumably, these higher densities were the result of main channel spawning. The gizzard shad larvae present in the backwater areas were distributed evenly throughout the water column. Overall, the backwaters were important for the nest-building species found in the river and also for the larger larvae of the pelagic species, and thus acts as a nursery area for these species. Therefore, the backwaters do seem to be important for the fishery of the Kanawha River.Master of Science
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De, Brestian Scott. "Frontiers without borders : Romans and natives in the upper Ebro Valley during the Roman period (1st C.B.C. - 7th C.A.D.) /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091916.
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Rockenbach, Stephen I. ""War upon our border" war and society in two Ohio River Valley communities, 1861-1865 /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1124462148.
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Bailey, Mark D. (Mark Dominic) 1966. "Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta : strategies for the cross-border management of water resources." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64556.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-37).
Internationally, analysts have increased their technical sophistication and geographical scope of water issues and water-management policies. They have determined the impacts of water quality and demand upon ecological systems, and they have framed policies for the management of watersheds. I examine a subset of these issues in relation to the Hong Kong-Guangdong region as part of a Hong-Kong/Pearl River Delta studio in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning. The study site is a basin, and, as such, it is comprised of a number of catchments. The water sources are mainly in the Guangdong region, while the water demand is spread across the region. This leads to an imbalance in water supply and demand and to the need for a cross-agency, cross-border integrated approach, with joint consideration by all governmental units of environmental, land-use, and water issues. I focus on three important issues: (1) governance of water allocation, (2) environmental pollution, and (3) cross-border management. I make the following two key recommendations for coordinated action: * Hong Kong should consider providing funding for investments in wastewater treatment in the Pearl River Delta. Hong Kong has invested substantially in its own wastewater treatment systems. Well-structured expenditure on wastewater treatment in the Pearl River Delta will have a much greater impact on water quality than a similar level of expenditure aimed at further improving Hong Kong's extensive system of wastewater treatment. " To solve the complex environmental problems, the Hong Kong government should consider cooperating with local governments in the Pearl River Delta, and not just the provincial government. As a first step to improving the effectiveness of the Environmental Protection Liaison Group, local environmental bureaus should be represented.
by Mark D. Bailey.
M.C.P.
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Kung, Wai-hung Nebon, and 龔偉雄. "Rail-based cross-border passenger traffic between Hong Kong and the Mainland." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29959354.
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Rodriguez, de Tembleque Garcia Sandra M. "A case Study of Cooperation between Municipalities in the Miño River (The Area of the Spanish-Portuguese Border)." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1781.
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The aim of this case study is to analyse cooperation mainly in issues related to water management in the area along the Miño river. The study focuses on the Spanish municipalities that limit with the river and that are in the border area with Portugal. There was a key issue which was discovered during the reading and analysis of data, a change of no cooperation to cooperation on the Spanish-Portuguese border. There was previously a political culture of no cooperation among the autonomous regions in Spain, which could have affected cooperation with the region of north Portugal. The fact the both countries have different administrative cultures could also impede cooperation. Nevertheless cooperation seems to have developed and in order to study this phenomenon the researcher uses a qualitative method and relies on a choice of institutional theories. This research studies how institutions affect cooperation in this particular case. The theories will analyse the impact of political institutions and the relation between institutions and individuals. They also help to identify how human behaviour affects processes and events.
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Aseff, Marlon Gonsales. "No portão da fábrica : trabalho e militância política na fronteira de Santana do Livramento/Rivera (1945-1954)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/173724.
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A presente pesquisa trata das relações entre trabalhadores, militantes ligados ao Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCB) e a comunidade fronteiriça de Santana do Livramento e Rivera, a partir da instalação na região do Frigorífico Armour, e especialmente durante o período de redemocratização da sociedade brasileira que se seguiu ao final do Estado Novo, em um recorte que compreende o período de 1945 a 1954. Tem por objetivo revelar as articulações políticas e lutas operárias que tiveram como protagonistas os militantes ligados ao PCB e a sociedade fronteiriça no período em que o partido viveu um breve momento de legalidade, que por fim iria desaguar em forte repressão e na chacina ocorrida em 24 de setembro de 1950, na linha divisória entre Brasil e Uruguai. Dividida em quatro capítulos, busca historicizar a trajetória de homens e mulheres que tomaram parte dessa busca por direitos e justiça social em uma sociedade que tinha na grande fábrica multinacional o motor de desenvolvimento e também de concentração de poderes. Para tanto utiliza um conjunto de fontes composto por entrevistas, periódicos, acervos particulares, Anais da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1946 e da Câmara de Vereadores de Santana do Livramento, textos literários e manuscritos.This tesis concerns about the relations between workers, militants linked to the Communist Party of Brazil (PCB) and the border community of Santana do Livramento and Rivera, since the installation in the region of the Armour meat packers company, and especially during the period of redemocratization of Brazilian society which followed the end of ―Estado Novo‖, in a cut that covers the period from 1945 to 1954. The objective is to reveal the political articulations and workers' struggles that had as protagonists the militants linked to the PCB and the border society in the period in which the party Lived a brief moment of legality, which would eventually lead to strong repression and the slaughter that occurred on September 24, 1950, on the dividing line between Brazil and Uruguay. Divided into four chapters, it seeks to historicize the trajectory of men and women who took part in this search for rights and social justice in a society that had in the great multinational factory the motor of development and also concentration of powers. In order to do so, it uses a set of sources composed of interviews, periodicals, private collections, Annals of the Constituent Assembly of 1946 and the Council of Councilors of Santana do Livramento, literary texts and manuscripts.
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Blythe, Demitra E. "Assessing the Ecological Implications of the Altered Flow and Sediment Regimes of the Rio Grande Along the West Texas-Mexico Border." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7358.
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Large, exotic (those whose headwaters are in distant places) rivers are some of the most unique and diverse ecosystems on earth. Because they often flow through a multitude of biomes and climates, their waters are a vital resource not only for the organisms that inhabit these rivers, but for human societies as well. Thus, large rivers, like the Rio Grande, that flow through arid and agricultural regions are highly regulated and diverted. Regulation and dewatering upset a river’s natural flow regime (e.g., magnitude, duration, timing of large flood events), subsequently impacting the river’s ability to transport its sediment supply, and eventually perturbing a river into either sediment surplus or deficit. The combination of altered flow and sediment regimes influence the availability of habitat essential for the survival and viability of aquatic organisms, such as fish and invertebrates. In addition, increased deposition of sediment creates areas suitable for invasive riparian vegetation to establish, likely affecting habitat complexity and increasing the abundance of leaf litter deposited into the river. The altered flow and sediment regimes, in combination with invasive riparian vegetation, culminate and eventually affect the food resources and aquatic communities present in a river ecosystem. Most often, the links between the physical perturbations to a system with the biological factors are poorly understood. In this study, we use distinct segments of the Rio Grande along the US-Mexico border to compare areas with greater and lower habitat heterogeneity, water quality, and invasive riparian species abundance to better understand what physical factors can influence aquatic species such as fish and invertebrate communities. We identify critical limiting factors for the native fish community present, and link the altered flow and sediment regimes with the aquatic ecological template of the Rio Grande.
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Dommisse, James. "Hydrogeology of the Hinds Rangitata Plain, and the Impacts of the Mayfield-Hinds Irrigation Scheme." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Environmental Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1400.
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The main aim of this research was to gain a better understanding of the surface and groundwater systems in order to sustainably manage the resource for both current and future generations. Three aquifers are present within the Hinds Rangitata Plain. Aquifer one extends from near surface to approximately 40 - 50 m, aquifer two occurs from approximately 40 - 90 m, and aquifer three occurs from approximately 90 - 150 m. Aquifer one is shown to occur as a series of permeable, iron stained, poorly connected and laterally discontinuous lenses, within and often separated by less permeable sandy or tight claybound gravels. Lenses range from a few centimeters to 20 m wide and from a few centimeters to 1 m thick. These permeable layers are known to be the dominant sources of groundwater from aquifer one. In all three aquifers depth to groundwater and water seasonal water level fluctuations increase with increasing distance inland from the coast. Aquifer one gains and loses groundwater along different sections of the Hinds and Rangitata Rivers. The Hinds Rangitata Plain can be broken into seven distinct zones based on differences in the dominant source (s) of groundwater recharge within each zone. The boundaries for each zone were determined by comparing the short-term seasonal water level fluctuations observed over the course of this study and the long-term water level records, with rainfall, river flows and Mayfield-Hinds Scheme recharge. The majority of the zones also have distinctly different groundwater chemistry and oxygen-18 (d18O) values. Flows in drains and the Hinds River were highly influenced by groundwater levels. Drains and springs within the Mayfield-Hinds Irrigation Scheme were highly influenced by irrigation recharge where as those closer to the coast were more influenced by rainfall. A regional water balance of the Hinds Rangitata Plain was carried out for a one period, between September 2005 and August 2006. During this period, total recharge was 375 m3 x 106, total discharge was 227 m3 x 106, and the outflow was 148 m3 x 106. Data collected during the course of this study showed that rainfall recharge was dominant, accounting for 67 % of the total recharge. The Mayfield-Hinds Irrigation Scheme accounted for 30 % of the total recharge, with a relatively small contribution each from the Rangitata Diversion Race and Hinds River. In terms of discharge, the combined discharge from the drains and Rangitata River terrace springs, accounted for 62 % of the total discharge, with the remaining discharge from coming from groundwater abstraction. There are no overall losses to groundwater from either the Rangitata River or from stockwater race.
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Braga, Andrea da Costa. "A espacialização de trocas multiculturais em conurbações internacionais da fronteira Brasil-Uruguai." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/85203.
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A complexidade espacial das cidades contemporâneas se deve a novas formas de segmentação social que reorganizam as expectativas de interação entre categorias sociais e informam a produção e apropriação do espaço urbano. Estes processos são mediados pela mobilidade através de fronteiras nacionais que tem suas funções atualizadas a partir da integração econômica regional. Cidades-gêmeas em zonas de fronteiras internacionais adquirem novas funções como polos de integração transnacionais, chamando atenção os processos de conurbação transnacionais a que estão sujeitas. A pesquisa geográfica analisa estes processos e tipifica o fenômeno através de classificações baseadas em contiguidade, continuidade e densidade de funções compartilhadas para mensurar integração, subsidiar estratégias de cooperação internacional e estabelecer hierarquias regionais para redes de cidades. Nesta pesquisa buscou-se dialogar com estas noções a partir do campo da Arquitetura, numa abordagem socioespacial dos problemas de Planejamento Urbano de configuração de territórios híbridos que emergem do processo de conurbação entre cidades-gêmeas da fronteira Brasil – Uruguai. A partir de dois estudos de caso Santana do Livramento (BR) - Rivera (UY) e Chuí (BR) - Chuy (UY) descritos e analisados usando-se ferramentas e métodos da Sintaxe Espacial. Verificam-se categorias de semelhança entre conurbações internacionais ponderando o próprio processo de fusão dos sistemas urbanos como variável implicada na transformação da apropriação social do espaço. A hipótese é que estas conurbações não podem ser descritas como configurações sociais e espaciais a partir de suas partes, sem que se arrisque minorar a importância que a estrutura do espaço construído e o próprio processo de conurbação têm na organização das interações entre categorias sociais na vida cotidiana de cidades-gêmeas em zonas de fronteira internacional, transformando integração espacial, social e econômica. O processo de conurbação e a nodificação de redes de comércio popular são analisados a partir de hierarquias de integração-segregação, acessibilidade-conectividade, continuidade - interpenetração e relacionados à produção de categorias sociais moradorestranho e a emergência de centralidades funcionais transfronteiriças enfocando-se a agencia de imigrantes árabe-palestinos sobre a dinâmica urbana.Social and spatial complexity is the most outstanding feature of contemporary cities. Spatial complexity is enhanced by new patterns of urban expansion informed by the restructuring of interactions between social categories which consider more often new forms of social and economic segmentation. These processes are mediated by mobility across national borders which have their functions updated by economic integration within geographical regions such as MERCOSUL. In this context, cities located along international borderlines acquire new functions related to their role as transnational integration hubs. It also calls attention to conurbation processes between twin cities. Geographical research has been particularly keen in investigating these processes addressing a wide range of typical cross border conurbations. Classification is based on interaction patterns and fluxes intensity between its parts, usually targeting cooperative strategies, economic and commuting between cities to evaluate their strength and hierarchical position amidst regional urban nets. These classifications are based on spatial continuity, contiguity and, especially, on shared or complementary functional centralities, since lower level economical activities such as street commerce are forces driving the conurbation process. Here these conurbations are described and analyzed as spatial configurations using Space Syntax theory and methods to verify structural similarities which enable to classify them as a distinguished urban type. The problem focuses on the urban system relational hierarchy of spatial integrationsegregation, accessibility-connectivity allowing the evaluation of these conurbations spatial patterns performance in relation to the emergence of transborder functional centralities, grassroots commercial networks nodes and middlemen minorities agency. Our hypothesis is that those conurbations cannot be described as a social and spatial configuration through its parts without risking obliterating the role material space has on regulating human interactions.
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De, Wet C. J., Phumeza Lujabe, and Nosipho Metele. "Resettlement in the Border/Ciskei region of South Africa." Rhodes University, Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2849.
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This paper presents the findings of part of a research project entitled "Population Mobility and Settlement Patterns in the Eastern Cape, 1950 to 1990", which was funded by the Human Sciences Research Council. The part of the project with which this paper is concerned, is the study of resettlement in the Border/Ciskei area of the (new) Eastern Cape Province. It involves two main foci: a) the Whittlesea district of the former Ciskei, where research was done in the resettlement area of Sada (where findings are compared with research done there in 1981) and Dongwe; and b) the Fort Beaufort area, where we looked at the two 'black spot' communities of Upisdraai and Gqugesi which were uprooted and moved to the Fort Beaufort township of Bhofolo in the 1960s, and at the establishment of black citrus farmers in the Kat River Valley in the late 1980s, on previously White owned farms which were bought out by the (then) Ciskei government. In the Conclusion, some important differences are suggested between resettlement in the Eastern Cape and in QwaQwa, one of the areas of South Africa that has been most severely affected by resettlement. Ways in which the South African material may be seen in terms of prevailing models for the analysis of resettlement, and may provide an input for the modification of these approaches, are briefly considered.Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
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Vionnet, Leticia Beatriz, and Thomas Maddock. "Modeling of Ground-Water Flow and Surface/Ground-Water Interaction for the San Pedro River Basin Part I Mexican Border to Fairbank, Arizona." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614152.
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Many hydrologic basins in the southwest have seen their perennial streamflows
turn to ephemeral, their riparian communities disappear or be jeopardized, and their
aquifers suffer from severe overdrafts. Under -management of ground -water exploitation
and of conjunctive use of surface and ground waters are the main reasons for these
events.
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Beaupre, andrew Robert. "Creating the Border: Defining, Enforcing and Reasserting Physical and Ethnic Borderzone Spaces during the 16th, 17th and 18th Centuries in the Lake Champlain Richelieu River Valley." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1516639574.
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This dissertation examines the creation of space and place in a border region through a historically grounded, multi-scalar approach to spatiality. The work draws upon the pre- and post-contact archaeology of the Lake Champlain Richelieu River Corridor, a historically contested waterway where the states of Vermont, and New York meet the Canadian Province of Québec. This is a region that has played host to countless complex cultural interactions between Native American/First Nation groups and Europeans of various cultural and national identities A tripartite model for multi-scalar study of space and place creation is presented and applied to the political and social history Native and European conflict and comprise. The model stipulates that the construction of space consists of three facets, cognitive, material and social spaces. The interaction between these three aspects of spatial creation allows for places to be constructed and identified as holding cultural significance. The study is multi-scalar in respect to both scope of analysis and time. In respect to scope, archaeological analyses are undertaken at the region, site and artifact levels. The model is multiscalar in respect to time, examining the topics of study diachronically, tracing the production of space through time. Each temporally specific examination begins with a discussion of pertinent social mores and constructs as they effect the cognitive space created. The archaeological record is then analyzed to ascertain how cognitive spaces are manifest on the landscape. This built environment augmentation to the landscape is referred to as material space. Finally, the social space, consisting of the relationships between active agents and their material space is examined. The model postulates that it is the social space interactions between cognitive and material spaces that allows for the construction of place. The work often engages in critiques of an Anglo-centric bias in American history to offer a more balanced approach to the historical investigation of a complex borderzone.
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Gourbet, Loraine. "Évolution morphologique et sédimentologique des bordures ouest et sud-est du plateau du Tibet." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL0982/document.
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Le Tibet est le plateau le plus élevé et le plus étendu au monde. La formation de ce plateau, en arrière de l’Himalaya, résulte d’interactions complexes entre facteurs tectoniques et climatiques, ainsi que de la morphologie antérieure au soulèvement. Afin d’évaluer l’influence relative de ces différents facteurs, cette thèse s’appuie sur l’étude de l’évolution du relief des bordures du plateau en couplant analyse géomorphologique, étude de la sédimentation syn-formation du plateau et reconstitution de l’exhumation à partir de la thermochronologie de basse température.Cette approche a permis de mettre en évidence que le plateau du Tibet était déjà haut, aussi bien sur ses bordures est que ouest dès 35 Ma, soit seulement 20 Ma après la collision Inde-Asie. Il apparait donc que le plateau se serait soulevé soit en un bloc, soit de façon précoce par ses marges Ouest et Est, plutôt qu’en se propageant du sud vers le nord et vers l’est comme proposé par de nombreux modèles.Dans l’Ouest Tibet, l’existence d’un réseau de drainage anciennement connecté avec celui de l’Indus, a permis le développement précoce d’un relief significatif (supérieur à 1000 m) avant 35 Ma lors de la surrection du plateau. Ce relief est ensuite préservé dans un contexte d’érosion très faible (quelques dizaine de mètres par million d’années) associé à une évacuation des produits d’érosion vers le bassin de l’Indus. Cette connexion avec l’Indus est ensuite coupée probablement suite aux mouvements de la faille du Karakorum.A l’Est, la formation du relief est probablement plus ancienne que dans l’Ouest Tibet, car vers 35 Ma cette région, bien que déjà surélevée, est caractérisée par l’existence d’un vaste réseau fluviatile en tresse, impliquant une faible pente, ainsi qu’un relief local soumis à des précipitations plus au nord. La création du relief actuel, marqué par des rivières fortement encaissées, est probablement liée à l’évolution de la mousson sud-est asiatique ainsi qu’au fonctionnement de la faille du Fleuve rougeTibet is the widest and highest plateau on Earth. Tectonics, climate evolution and ante-surrection geomorphology are the main factors controlling the plateau formation. In order to assess the relative influence of these factors, we study the relief evolution on the plateau edges using geomorphic analysis, sedimentology and exhumation rates based on low-temperature thermochronometry.The results show that the western and eastern plateau edges were already at high elevation at ca 35 Ma, only 20 Ma after the India-Asia collision. This favors an “en bloc” uplift model for the plateau.In western Tibet, the hydrographic network was connected to the Indus river, allowing the early development of a >1000 m amplitude relief, probably before 35 Ma. The relief was preserved due to low erosion conditions. Western Tibet was then isolated from the Indus drainage network due to the Karakorum fault slip.The relief formation in Eastern Tibet is older than in western Tibet: at ca 35 Ma, in the Jianchuan area (northern Yunnan), which was already at high elevation, was a large braided river system. This implies a moderate regional slope. It also implies a local relief further north and significant precipitations
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Coelho, Karla Nunes de Barros. "Travessias e passagens em espaços urbanos fronteiriços : Brasil, Uruguai e Argentina." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/108990.
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A Fronteira Internacional é uma área de características ambíguas, pois assim como é o ponto que separa, também é a área de contato constante entre duas nações. Mais especificamente a Fronteira Platina que abrange as fronteiras do Brasil e Uruguai, e Brasil e Argentina, nosso foco de estudo, é um espaço que carrega uma história e uma memória de união, onde as ambiguidades tornam-se mais complexas ao investigarmos as peculiaridades locais, nas cidades gêmeas. Temos o objetivo de investigar o espaço urbano das cidades gêmeas onde as manifestações de fronteira são vivenciadas cotidianamente. As cidades escolhidas para representar a Fronteira Platina foram Santana do Livramento (BR) e Rivera (UY), e Uruguaiana (BR) e Paso de los Libres (AR), em função da dinamicidade e importância regional. Para o estudo, tomamos as articulações teóricas atuais da fronteira e buscamos interação com a teoria do território, da territorialidade, do cotidiano e da memória. Os relatos e mapas mentais de diferentes gerações de moradores da fronteira, a partir de entrevistas não diretivas e histórias de vida, nos permitiram o entendimento das práticas cotidianas locais, suas dimensões simbólicas e materiais como constituidoras desses espaços. A conclusão da tese é de que as áreas de fronteira são áreas de transição, e que as áreas de transição podem ser ainda mais particulares onde acontecem as interseções, os espaços de integração binacional. Mesmo que os espaços urbanos não se toquem literalmente, os espaços de integração binacional são identificados a partir da territorialidade. Depois de tratar do lócus, podemos dizer que a fronteira possui uma área de interseção, seja ela material, contida no espaço urbano, ou simbólica, em função das memórias de vizinhança e territorialidades. Estes espaços chamamos espaços de integração binacional.The International Border is an area of ambiguous characteristics because it is the point that separates and also the area of constant contact between two nations. More specifically the Platina Border that comprehends the borders of Brazil and Uruguay, and Brazil and Argentina, our focus of study, is a space that carries a history and a memory of union, where the ambiguities became more clear as we investigated the local peculiarities in the twin cities. We have the objective of investigating the urban space of the twin cities where the manifestations of the border are lived everyday. The cities chosen to represent the Platina Border were Santana do Livramento (BR) and Rivera (UY), and Uruguaiana (BR) and Paso de los Libres (AR), due to the dynamics and regional importance. For the study, we took the present theoretical articulations of the border and we looked for interactions with the theory of the land, of the territoriality, the daily life and the memory. The reports and mind maps from different generations of residents of the border, from non-directive interviews and life stories, allowed us to understand the local daily practices, its symbolic and material dimensions as builders of these spaces. The conclusion of the thesis is that bordering areas are transitions areas, and that transition areas can be even more particular where the intersections take place, the space of binational integration. Even if the urban spaces do not meet literally, the spaces of binational integration are identified from the territoriality. After dealing with the locus, we can say that the border has an area of intersection, being material, within the urban space, or symbolic, due to the neighbouring memories and territoriality. We call the spaces binational integration spaces.
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Silva, Maurício Pinto da. "AÇÕES DE COOPERAÇÃO EM SAÚDE NA FRONTEIRA BRASIL/URUGUAI Um estudo sobre o Comitê Binacional de Integração em Saúde Santana do Livramento-Rivera Pelotas, dezembro." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2009. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/84.
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Previous issue date: 2009-12-04This study aims to analyze both integration and cooperation actions concerning the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, in order to understand the meaning for the contemporary borders subject as well as understanding the dynamics for bi-national cooperation regarding health at the border between these two countries. It is worth highlighting that Brazil has a border line of 15.719km, limited to ten (10) countries in South America, covering eleven (11) states and five hundred and eighty-eight cities (588). The border line with the other Mercosul countries covers 69 cities and an estimated population of 1,438,206 inhabitants. That s the reason, it is justified the initiatives of studies and research on the border matter attempting to modify the widespread culture from the past, in which the border was a "space problem", having a new approach focusing on the region as a space full of opportunities for both economic and social development enriching thus the citizenship. It is also addressed to certain dynamics of social relations performed in this area taking as analytical perspective, the process of cooperation between health services located in the neighboring cities of Santana do Livramento, in Brazil, and Rivera, in Uruguay. Therefore, whose main goal is to study the experience of cooperation between health services from the actions developed and issued by the Committee on Binational Health Integration - Santana do Livramento / Rivera. Regarding the idea that both local and global relations shape the cooperative actions between the two cities citizens, and that they acquire a particular dynamics for their relations with constant new meanings, regarding, then, this territorial border, as it aims to rate its size, since the border area experience shows both approaching and ongoing conflicts, and that it is being opened up to new possibilities for expanding the influence to strengthen both centrality and social development for these two regions
Este estudo tem como proposta analisar as ações de cooperação e integração estabelecida entre a República Federativa do Brasil e a República Oriental do Uruguai, com vistas a compreender a dinâmica da cooperação binacional para a saúde na fronteira entre os dois países, ampliando o entendimento sobre o significado da fronteira no contexto contemporâneo. É importante destacar que o Brasil tem uma linha de fronteira de 15.719km, limitando-se com dez (10) países da América do Sul, abrangendo onze (11) estados e quinhentos e oitenta e oito municípios (588). A linha de fronteira, em especial com os países do Mercosul, abarca 69 municípios e uma população estimada em 1.438.206 habitantes. Nesse contexto, justificam-se os estudos e pesquisas sobre a temática fronteiriça, na tentativa de modificar a cultura difundida no passado, na qual a fronteira era um ―espaço-problema‖, para uma nova concepção que privilegia a região como um espaço pleno de oportunidades para o desenvolvimento econômico e social e a valorização da cidadania. Aborda, ainda, certas dinâmicas das relações sociais exercitadas nesta zona, tomando, como perspectiva de análise, o processo de cooperação entre os serviços sanitários localizados nas cidades limítrofes de Santana do Livramento, no Brasil e Rivera, Uruguai. Assim tem como objetivo central estudar a experiência de cooperação entre os serviços de saúde a partir de ações elaboradas e emanadas do Comitê Binacional de Integração em Saúde - Santana do Livramento/Rivera. Parte-se da idéia que as relações entre o local e o global conformam as ações cooperadas entre as duas sociedades, as quais adquirem uma dinâmica particular por suas relações estarem em constantes ressignificações em territorialidade fronteiriça. Visa, ainda, apreender sua dimensão, já que, na experiência da fronteira, área de aproximações e conflitos permanentes, estão sendo abertas novas possibilidades para ampliar a influência e reforçar a centralidade e o desenvolvimento social destas regiões
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Almeida, Leticia Nuñez. "O Estado e os ilegalismos nas margens do Brasil e do Uruguai: um estudo de caso sobre a fronteira de Sant\'ana do Livramento (BR) e Rivera (UY)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-11122015-120153/.
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Esta tese é um estudo sobre a relação entre Estado e os ilegalismos nas margens da República Federativa do Brasil e na República Oriental do Uruguai, tendo como recorte empírico a fronteira de Santana do Livramento (BR) e Rivera (UY). O objeto de investigação busca construir uma análise sociológica da fronteira, rompendo com a metodologia nacionalista que envolve conceitos como criminalidade, violência e faixa de fronteira. Para tanto, propõe-se uma análise de como os Estados, brasileiro e uruguaio, operam em suas margens, por meio do triângulo de dispositivos foucaultianos: Soberania, Disciplina e Governo, no intuito de compreender em que medida as práticas e discursos se aproximam e se afastam nesse processo, buscando evidenciar outras fronteiras possíveis nas margens dos Estados, desdobramentos do encontro/separação entre as Soberanias e as Dinâmicas Sociais desses países. Dessa forma, verifica-se que os costumes em comum e a economia de fronteira diferenciam tolerâncias na gestão entre o que é legal e ilegal, e o que é moral e imoral, criando um Mercado Fronteiriço, onde os limites estatais se expandem e as linhas demarcatórias se redesenham pela vida em comum.This thesis is a study of the relationship between the state and illegal acts on the margins of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Eastern Republic of Uruguay, having as an empirical object the border towns of Santana do Livramento (BR) and Rivera (UY). This investigation seeks to build a sociological analysis of the border, breaking with the nationalist methodology that involves concepts such as crime, violence and border areas. In order to do that, we propose an analysis of how these states Brazil and Uruguay operate on their borders, through Foucault\'s devices: Sovereignty, Discipline and Government, in order to understand to what extent the practices and discourses approach and distance themselves from this process, in an attempt to evidence other possible borders along country lines, outcomes of the meeting/separation between Sovereignty and Social Dynamics of these countries. Thus, we verify that the borders common customs and economy differentiate tolerances in the management of what is legal and illegal and what is moral and immoral, creating a Border Market, in which state limits are expanded and boundary lines are redesigned by the common life.
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Steigner, Tanja. "A Study of Cross-Border Takeovers: Examining the Impact of National Culture on Internalization Benefits, and the Implications of Early Versus Late-Mover Status for Bidders and Their Rivals." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002387.
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Assumpção, Marla Barbosa. "A fronteira geminada de Santana do Livramento-Rivera como marco das conexões políticas regionais e internacionais : repressão e resistência em áreas de interesse da segurança nacional (1964-1973)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/114409.
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A presente dissertação visa analisar a articulação de redes de solidariedade e resistência na fronteira Brasil-Uruguai, desencadeadas pela instauração da ditadura civil-militar em 1964, bem como busca examinar a formulação de políticas e o acionar de práticas específicas, por parte de autoridades brasileiras, para a região fronteiriça sul-rio-grandense no contexto em questão. Mais especificamente, focou-se o estudo nas cidades gêmeas de Santana do Livramento e Rivera, principal núcleo urbano entre ambos os países. Nesse sentido, destaca-se o fato de que, com o advento do golpe de Estado, um contingente significativo de brasileiros cruzou essa fronteira em busca de refúgio no país vizinho. Nesse contexto, o Uruguai se tornou o principal endereço dos exilados. O processo ora assinalado suscitou a formação de redes de solidariedade na fronteira supracitada, as quais foram responsáveis por acolher aqueles que a cruzavam ou, ainda, os que ali permaneceram, a poucos metros da linha divisória internacional. A movimentação de exilados em áreas adjacentes ao território nacional, bem como a marcante influência do trabalhismo no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, concorreram para a formulação de políticas específicas por parte dos sistemas de inteligência e de segurança da ditadura. Optou-se, assim, pelo estudo do período compreendido entre o golpe no Brasil em 1964 e o golpe de Estado no Uruguai em 1973. Os marcos temporais em questão compreendem, de um lado, os primórdios do exílio brasileiro no país vizinho, no contexto analisado, conforme referido. De outro, assinala o abandono da tradição uruguaia de acolhida de asilados diante da imposição de intensas políticas repressivas, responsável por desencadear novos exílios, tanto de brasileiros, como também de uruguaios. Na fronteira ora examinada, o fato em questão suscitou o deslocamento de muitos opositores de um lado para o outro da linha internacional, invertendo, em alguma medida, a direção da passagem, agora do Uruguai para o Brasil. Ao longo do trabalho de pesquisa, foram consideradas as mudanças conjunturais, os agentes fronteiriços de ambos os países e o impacto produzido na região, pensada como marco das conexões estabelecidas regional e internacionalmente.This dissertation aims to examine the articulation of networks of solidarity and resistance in Brazil-Uruguay border, triggered by the establishment of civil-military dictatorship in 1964 and seeks to examine the formulation of policies and the trigger of specific practices by Brazilian authorities to Rio Grande do Sul border in the context in question. More specifically, the study focused on the cities of Rivera and Santana do Livramento, the main urban center between both countries. In this sense, there is the fact that with the advent of the coup d'état, a significant number of Brazilians crossed the border in question to seek refuge in the neighboring country. In this context, Uruguay became the primary address of the exiles. The process now marked elicited the formation of networks of solidarity in the aforesaid boundary, which were responsible for welcoming those who crossed or even those who remained there, a few feet from the international boundary line. The movement of exiles in the adjacent country areas, as well as the strong influence of the trabalhismo in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, contributed to the formulation of specific policies by the intelligence and security systems of the dictatorship. We opted, therefore, for the study of the period from the coup in Brazil in 1964 and the coup in Uruguay in 1973. The timeframes in question include, on the one hand, the beginnings of Brazilian exile in the neighboring country, in the context analyzed. On the other hand, they mark the abandonment of the Uruguayan tradition of acceptance of exiles since the imposition of intense repressive policies, responsible for triggering new exiles of Brazilians, but also of Uruguayans. On the border now under consideration, the fact in question raised the displacement of many opponents from side to side of the international line, reversing, to some extent, the direction of the passage, now from Uruguay to Brazil. Throughout the research work were considered conjunctural changes, the border agents of both countries and the impact on the region, understood as a framework of regionally and internationally established connections.
Esta tesis tiene como objetivo examinar la articulación de redes de solidaridad y resistencia en la frontera Brasil-Uruguay, provocadas por el establecimiento de la dictadura civil-militar en 1964 y tiene por objeto examinar la formulación de políticas y el accionar de prácticas específicas por parte de las autoridades brasileñas al sur de la región de la frontera de Rio Grande do Sul, en el contexto en cuestión. De forma más específica, el estudio se centró en las ciudades gemelas de Santana do Livramento y Rivera, principal centro urbano entre ambos países. En este sentido, se destaca el hecho de que con el advenimiento del golpe de Estado, un número importante de brasileños cruzó esa frontera para buscar refugio en el país vecino. En este contexto, Uruguay se convirtió en el principal lugar de llegada de los exiliados. El proceso ahora marcado provocó la formación de redes de solidaridad en la frontera antes mencionada, las cuales fueron las encargadas de acoger a los que cruzaron o incluso los que se quedaron allí, a pocos metros de la línea divisoria internacional. El movimiento de los exiliados en las áreas adyacentes al territorio nacional, así como la fuerte influencia del trabalhismo en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul, contribuyeron a la formulación de políticas específicas por parte de los sistemas de inteligencia y de seguridad de la dictadura. Optamos, por lo tanto, a estudiar el período comprendido entre el golpe de Estado en Brasil en 1964 y el golpe de Estado en Uruguay en 1973. Los marcos temporales en cuestión incluyen, por un lado, los orígenes del exilio de Brasil en el país vecino, en el contexto analizado, conforme referido. De otro, marca el fin de la tradición uruguaya de recepción de asilados ante la imposición de intensas políticas represivas, responsables por desencadenar nuevos exilios, tanto de brasileños, como también de uruguayos. En la frontera que ahora se examina, el hecho en cuestión generó el desplazamiento de muchos opositores de un lado a otro de la línea internacional, invirtiendo, en cierta medida, la dirección del paso, ahora desde Uruguay a Brasil. A lo largo del trabajo de investigación se consideraron los cambios coyunturales, los agentes fronterizos de ambos países y el impacto en la región, marco de las conexiones establecidas regional e internacionalmente.
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Dimadi, Agoro. "Comportement hydrogéologique des marbres de la bordure du Rhodope : hydrogéologie du secteur sud-ouest du massif du Falacro, Macédoine orientale, Grèce." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756710.
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Cette étude concerne la partie sud-ouest du Massif du Falacro au nord de la Grèce (Macédoine orientale), un . massif de marbres limité par les plaines de Drama et de Nevrokopl et des Intrusions granitiques. Sa base imperméable est formée de schistes et gneiss. La fracturatlon représentée par quatre familles de failles 0° 20°N, 4O°-6O°N, l00°-120°N et 140°-170° a déterminé la morphologie contemporaine du massif. Elle conditionne également les écoulements souterrains et l'apparition des sources en voisinage de ces failles et le creusement des gouffres sur les failles et le creusement de la grotte Mara selon les directions 140°N et 110°N. L'évaluation des volumes d'eau infiltrée à partir des données hydroclimatiques et des volumes de l'alimentation par les gouffres prouve que le massif reçoit une alimentation supplémentaire par ailleurs. Les études hydrochlmiques, hydrodynamiques montrent que les réserves en eau dans ce massif sont faibles et que les circulations se font à deux niveaux : l'un qui est un niveau surtout fissuré dans les marbres blancs et l'autre dans le niveau des marbres graphiteux où il y a augmentation du nombre des chenaux qui aboutissent à un drain principal correspondant à l'axe des gouffres vers la source Mara. Toutes les études précédentes ont démontré l'alimentation de la source Mara par les gouffres et l'existence d'apports supplémentaires tout en permettant de différencier cette source des sources Milopotamos et Drama qui sortent au sud-est du Massif du Falacro.
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Ligairi, Rachel Mae. "The Familiar Foreign Country: Reading Mexico in Cormac McCarthy, Jack Kerouac, and Katherine Anne Porter." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/935.
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My thesis examines the discourse of Mexico in the works of three twentieth-century American authors-Cormac McCarthy, Jack Kerouac, and Katherine Anne Porter-in order to analyze representations of Otherness in modernism and postmodernism. I seek to destabilize the dividing line between these periods as well as to show how representation in postmodernity has become more problematic due in large part to the proliferation of consumer culture. Though the Mexico that McCarthy employs in Blood Meridian and the Border Trilogy (All the Pretty Horses, The Crossing, and Cities of the Plain) escapes many stereotypes, his Mexico is merely a staging ground that he uses to examine postmodern questions of philosophy while deconstructing myths such as the Old West and Manifest Destiny and reflecting on the ramifications of World War II. Therefore, McCarthy elides Mexico by using its Otherness as a mirror that enables reflection on the Self. Kerouac too is interested in using Mexico to solve U.S. problems. In On the Road, Kerouac's fictional counterpart, Sal Paradise, searches for the authenticity missing from middle-class American life by ultimately turning to the "authentic" Mexico. Though he is able to distinguish between simulations and reality in his own cultural context, once south of the border Sal misrecognizes what is a hypperreal Mexico for supreme authenticity. By contrast, when Katherine Anne Porter crosses the border, she is quick to identify corruption and revolutionary failure in Mexico. When pieces such as "Xochimilco" and "María Concepción" are placed alongside that of the work of Diego Rivera, a leader in the Mexican muralist movement, it becomes clear that Porter essentializes her Mexican subjects with the specific political goal in mind of furthering the revolution. Additionally, by crossing the generic lines separating fiction and non-fiction, Porter approximates what could be called a postmodern form of ethnography. Yet all of her representational strategies are tempered, especially in her last Mexican story, Hacienda, by an awareness that representations of Other cannot be other than flawed.
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Diakite, Aboubakar. "Commerce informel des hydrocarbures au Bénin." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG043.
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D’abord sur une échelle réduite puis sur une large échelle la contrebande du kpayo, essence et produits pétroliers occupent aujourd’hui un nombre de plus en plus grand de vendeurs, on estime que 100 000 personnes sont impliquées dans ce trafic du Nigeria au Bénin. Il revêt plusieurs aspects selon qu’il emprunte la route maritime, le fleuve ou la route. Ce transport génère un grand nombre de petits métiers que nous évoquons dans la thèse qu’il s’agisse d’apporter les bidons sur la plage, de transformer les scooters ou les camions. Plus que tout, cette activité suppose aussi un réseau souvent d’origine familiale, mais aussi des accointances avec du personnel des emplois régaliens de la République. Les recherches empiriques réalisées sur des territoires aussi variés et circonscrits que peuvent l’être une station-service, un village lacustre, un marché frontalier, un débarcadère, un entrepôt ont permis d’appréhender les conditions d’approvisionnement des contrebandiers, identifier les modalités d’acheminement des produits pétroliers vers le Bénin, saisir les stratégies de contournement des contrebandiers et les risques encourus tout au long de leur trajet, examiner les interactions entre les transporteurs et les forces de l’ordre à l’occasion du passage des barrières de contrôle, apprécier l’animation des marchés et enfin cerner le rôle des différents acteurs en présence. L’analyse des réseaux marchands, des parcours biographiques, des stratégies d’acteurs, des logiques d’accumulation et des rapports de l’économie informelle à la loi situe cette recherche au croisement de l’anthropologie économique, de la géographie du commerce, de la sociologie de la précarité, et de la sociologie politiqueFirst of all on a small scale, then further along, on a much larger scale, the kpayo trade which means smuggling of gas and other oil products from Nigeria to Bénin, depend on almost 100 000 persons living on this sale activity. This trade might be quite different if gas transported by means of ships on the sea, by the river, or by scooters or trucks on the road. This kind of informal trade gives way to different kinds of odd jobs we mention in the PHD: bringing the jerrycans to the beach, reshaping scooters and trucks in a garage. Most of all this illicit activity needs some kind of a kinship network and political pull among the police and customs officers of the Republic. Empirical research has been done in different fields such as a gas station, a seaside village, a market on the country border, a landing stage, a warehouse, it led to the comprehension of the way smugglers are supplied. I was thus able to understand the process by which gas was transported from Nigeria to the Republic of Bénin, and see all the byways the smugglers are used to take, and the risks taken all along the journey. I examined the interaction process between the racketeers and the police when they passed a checkpoint; see how the markets were busy, and last managed to see how the the different roles of subjects interact. The racketeers networks analysis, life stories, different action strategies, the way they accumulate and the study of informal economy related to law contribute in this PhD to an essay in economic- anthropology with geographic standpoints, and a sociological analysis of precarious lives and Big Shots
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Pietroszek, Katarzyna. "Historical Towns Divided by International Border Rivers – the Way to Cooperation and Integration." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4333.
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The topic of this thesis is divided towns, defined as the towns which once existed as unified administrative units before an international border divided them. In a time of globalization, the character of many border lines is changing. In many places, borders are loosing their dividing character. In the European Union, divided towns might be perceived as natural symbols of integration between neighboring countries.
The main goal of the study is to answer the research question: “In towns divided by an international border that is a river, what are the conditions that must be met to achieve a mutually beneficial level of cooperation?” In order to address the research question, benefits and barriers in cross-border cooperation and integration are studied. A quality of cooperation and an advancement of integration between bordering communities are explored. Impact of actions undertaken by local decision makers to improve the cross-border cooperation and integration are examined.
Görlitz-Zgorzelec, located on the German-Polish border, was chosen as a case study place. The research methods used in the study requiring public involvement are official and non-official interviews and questionnaires. Additional information was also collected from academic and non-academic sources. Based on the data collected during the research, a set of key indicators was created to measure an advancement of cooperation between the divided town sections, in the field of spatial planning, culture and social integration.
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Miles, Terrence M. "A study of border ice growth on the Burntwood River." 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17766.
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LIU, CHIN-CHIEN, and 劉志建. "China-Indian Cross-Border River Dispute and Settlement-Taking the Yarlung Zangbo River as an Example." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3vgr4q.
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碩士國防大學
戰略研究所
107
The utilization and development of water resources has become the focus of non-traditional security in the world politics. There are many transnational rivers between China and India. Yarlung Zangbo River is the largest and most important cross-border river between China and India. It has not yet signed a bilateral water resource allocation agreement. This paper analyzes development proposals of both sides, the norms of international law and the case of international dispute settlement introduced with possible dispute resolution methods such as international law mechanism, bilateral relations, multilateral relations and international organization mechanism. Although this paper argues that China-India cross-border river water disputes should be resolved by bilateral relations, the unsolved territorial disputes and lack of political mutual trust on both sides would undermine it, thus, if bilateral mutual trust can be gradually enhanced through cooperation in other fields, then water resources issues might be solved.
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Cavazos, María Concepción. "Trastornos de género : identidad y fronteras en la narrativa de Cristina Rivera Garza." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4397.
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One of the most prolific and recognized young Mexican writers is Cristina Rivera-Garza. Carlos Fuentes described her novel Nadie me verá llorar, as one of the most notable literary works in this century. Born in Matamoros, Tamps., México, 1964, she completed her B.A. in Sociology at the UNAM in Mexico City (1987), an M.A. (1993) and Ph.D. in Latin-American History at the University of Houston (1995). She worked as an Associate Professor at San Diego State University where she taught Mexican History (1997-2000). She has won several Literary Awards and received the National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship in 2000.
The purpose of this research is to study the genre and gender borders evident in her works. a) In the literary genre aspect, the author’s works show an interrelation between the documented Historical narrative and the stories at the margin of that narrative. b) In the generic-sex aspect, the identities borders between the different sexualities (hetero and homo sexual), are blurred in the characters of this author.
We study the author’s handling of concepts like gender, literary and sexual, and the ways she crosses boundaries to give shape to a body: a physical body that inhabits an unstable identity, and shows a performance that adapts itself in certain contexts; a historic body that dialogues with the official History and reclaims those stories that stayed at the margin of it.
In the Introduction we will focus on the author’s bio-bibliography and elaborate, using existing theoretical concepts, on the literary genre and the theory of sexual orientation that will help explain her work. Chapter one is a general review of Rivera-Garza’s work and the context in which it takes place. Chapter two studies two of her short stories books, La guerra no importa (1991), and Ningún reloj cuenta esto (2001); Chapter three studies the sexual orientation and its relationship with gender identity in two novels, La cresta de Ilión (2002), and Lo anterior (2004). The final chapter is the conclusion.text
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Baltutis, William Jesse. "Power, porous borders and polycentricity: the changing nature of transboundary water governance." Thesis, 2018. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9355.
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The challenges facing resource management, including transboundary river basins, have become increasingly complex, requiring more holistic readings of governance processes that encompass a range of formal and informal collaborations between diverse actors. Innovation and transformative governance changes hold potential for addressing the increased complexity and multi-scaled nature of the challenges facing the world’s shared rivers. However, significant research gaps exist around this application in practice. This dissertation asks the following questions: Is governance of transboundary waters changing to integrate a more diverse set of actors beyond centralized governments? If so, what is the role of non-central state actors in contributing to innovations and transformative changes to transboundary water governance processes? In working towards answering these questions, the study explores the case of the Columbia River Treaty (North America) and the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (Southern Africa). This study has the following objectives: first, to determine the type of power, albeit conceived from a Euro-western perspective, that non-central state actors mobilize to engage in transboundary water governance processes, and assess if the power these actors mobilize is contributing to changes in governance. Second, to conceptualize the on-going bordering processes for transboundary water governance, and evaluate whether non-central state actors are shaping these processes. And, third, to identify which non-central state actors are involved in transboundary water governance, and examine whether and how these governance systems are becoming more polycentric. This dissertation is composed of five chapters, three of which have been prepared as standalone articles for submission to academic journals. Broadly, the dissertation findings suggest that changes to governance of transboundary waters, away from state-centric processes, may be emerging in some areas, such as the ability of non-central state actors to exercise and mobilize different forms of power to shape water governance processes. Findings illustrate that a clear distinction between international and national processes is no longer sufficient to address transboundary water governance challenges and issues. Further, findings illustrate that some non-central state actors have power and influence in these transboundary water governance processes. However, these insights also highlight that centralized government authority for transboundary waters remains, and evidence of the emergence of polycentric governance systems at the international scale is limited.Graduate
2019-04-30
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Kajambeu, Robert. "Modelling flood heights of the Limpopo River at Beitbridge Border Post using extreme value distributions." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/676.
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MSc (Statistics)Department of Statistics
Haulage trucks and cross border traders cross through Beitbridge border post from landlocked countries such as Zimbabwe and Zambia for the sake of trading. Because of global warming, South Africa has lately been experiencing extreme weather patterns in the form of very high temperatures and heavy rainfall. Evidently, in 2013 tra c could not cross the Limpopo River because water was owing above the bridge. For planning, its important to predict the likelihood of such events occurring in future. Extreme value models o er one way in which this can be achieved. This study identi es suitable distributions to model the annual maximum heights of Limpopo river at Beitbridge border post. Maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian approach are used for parameter estimation. The r -largest order statistics was also used in this dissertation. For goodness of t, the probability and quantile- quantile plots are used. Finally return levels are calculated from these distributions. The dissertation has revealed that the 100 year return level is 6.759 metres using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches to estimate parameters. Empirical results show that the Fr echet class of distributions ts well the ood heights data at Beitbridge border post. The dissertation contributes positively by informing stakeholders about the socio- economic impacts that are brought by extreme flood heights for Limpopo river at Beitbridge border post
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Wojtowicz, Agata. "2-D modeling of freeze-up processes on the Athabasca River downstream of Fort McMurray, Alberta." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1066.
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This study is part of a three year project aimed to assess the effects of industrial water withdrawals on the ice regime of the Athabasca River. A 2-D numerical model was used to provide quantitative data for this effort. Freeze-up monitoring was carried out over two years along 80-km of the river from Fort McMurray to Bitumount. Summer bathymetric and winter ice surveys were conducted along with discharge measurements on a 5-km long detailed study reach that exhibited the full range of ice cover initiation processes. The data collected was used to build a CRISSP2D river ice process model for the simulation of freeze-up processes. An extensive parametric assessment was carried out to evaluate the capabilities of the model. Although it was not possible to simulate bridging, the simulated border ice agreed very well with field observations. Limitations of the model are addressed and future research recommendations are included.Water Resources Engineering
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Chou, Shih-Kai, and 周士凱. "Analysis of South-West Border Trade and Mekong River Program between China Western Development Strategy and South-East Asia." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71961266203643880132.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
95
Under China’s Western Development Strategy, the Chinese government decided to develop hydro power, mining, and tourism as the first priority programs in south-west region based on the characteristics of the weather condition and nature resources. The Border Trade occurred long ago owing to the location advantage of south-west region between China and Indochina peninsula. Furthermore, as China improved the relationship with Indochina peninsula countries in 1990s, they cooperated to construct the facilities, such as transportation, hydro power, and tourism. It deepened the economic relation with each other. Finally, ACFTA which was signed in 2002 is a framework to integrate the regional economy. In that way, we firmly believe that it will accelerate the regional economic integration between south-west China and south-east Asia eventually.
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McMillan, Kyle. "Mapping and characterization of the Upper Lake Agassiz beaches along the Manitoba Escarpment between the international border and the Assiniboine River." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/7941.
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The paleo-shorelines of glacial Lake Agassiz are inferred from beach ridges and wave-formed scarps. Shoreline features of the oldest, uppermost beaches, the Herman, Norcross, and Tintah groups of beaches, were mapped from aerial photographs in southern Manitoba between about the Canada - U.S. border and the Assiniboine River (-49.0" - 49.5" N latitude). Aerial photo maps were initially made on transparent overlays and later digitized. This mapping was supplemented by fieldwork, including ground penetrating radar surveys, power augering, and by data from existing boreholes, pit surveys, and soil surveys. The Herman, Norcross, and Tintah beach sets each contain several low-relief beach ridges that extend discontinuously over tens of kilometres; these ridges are generally less than 3 m in relief, and a few tens of metres wide. In places, beach ridges are replaced by erosional scarps, metres to tens of metres in relief and continuous over distances of tens of kilometres. Sediments in the Herman, Norcross, and Tintah beaches range from units of well sorted sand to sand-gravel diamictons; sediments between beaches include clayey to sandy silts, and gravel lags. These three beach sets predate the well-developed Upper Campbell Beach, which was deposited about 9.4 14C ka, and are distinct from it because of their lateral discontinuity and much poorer sorting. Based on their small size, poor sorting of sediments, discontinuous development, and multiplicity, the Herman, Norcross, and Tintah beaches, are concluded to have formed by storms during shoreline regression, probably in sequence over only a few centuries, as there is no pronounced break in the continuum of beach ridges nor major differences in their size or characterisitics. The effects of lake ice may also help explain the discontinuous nature and sedimentological immaturity of these beach ridges. The Herman beach is thought to have formed about 11 14C ka, based on other dated events in the Lake Agassiz basin. It is concluded therefore that the Herman, Norcross, and Tintah bench sets represent a continuous period of episodic formation between about 11.0 - 10.8 14C ka. The Upper Campbell beach is well dated at 9.3 - 9.4 14C ka, and is too well-developed to be a storm beach; this beach was deposited following a transgression from a low-water lake phase that was initiated after the depostion of the lowest Tintah beach.-=
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Jenness, Timothy Max. "“Tentative Relations: Secession and War in the Central Ohio River Valley, 1859-1862”." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/983.
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In the fall of 1859, John Brown launched a raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, and in so doing arguably fired the first salvo of the Civil War. That his raid occurred in the border area between North and South should come as no surprise because it was in that area where Americans were the most divided. Citizens across the border state region–that area that comprised the lower North and upper South–soon found themselves caught between two hostile sections. Based on an analysis of letters, journals, newspapers, and public documents, this dissertation is a study of one portion of that border region, the central Ohio River Valley, during the momentous years between Brown’s raid and the early weeks of 1862, when Indiana Senator Jesse Bright was expelled from the United States Senate for treasonous behavior. Citizens who lived in the river counties between Cincinnati and Louisville shared important economic, cultural, and socio-political views that united them and created a regional bond capable of withstanding the centrifugal pull of sectionalism despite the omnipresent influence of slavery. These trans-river bonds moderated their response to secession and reinforced their Unionist proclivities. Their fidelity to the Union strengthened Abraham Lincoln’s hand and helped to insure that the Union would endure.
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Chang, Ming-hua, and 張明華. "Research on the construction indicators of sustainable development of urban roads-Take expressway along the border river of the metropolitan district for example." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/348tcg.
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碩士國立中央大學
土木工程學系在職專班
103
In 1992, the United Nations held the Earth Summit in Rio, Brazil. 155 countries had signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). After the earth summit, the United Nation established Committee of Sustainable Development (CSD). Follow by those treaties, the consciousness of development and sustainability issues are rising. For example, in 2002, World Summit on Sustainable Development was held in Johannesburg, South Africa. Being apart from the Earth Summit, The United Nations held the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in June 2012, Rio Brazil. During twenty years, the technology has great improvement in developing and fulfilling human needs. However, human never stop facing nature disaster and those nature disasters are getting worse and worse. To ensure sustainable development of the environment and ecological resources are urgent issues. Road construction is the foundation of a country's economic development. In the pursuit of economic growth rate, road infrastructure project has been played most important roles. However, when we are pursuing the wealth of our lives, it will cause a lot of irreparable damage to our mother nature. How to make a balance between the environment and sustainable development is an important topic for today. This research will focus on road construction works which caused enormous environmental damage. We will use the seventeen sub-indicators that are under eight indicators groups of sustainable public works as references. The evaluate projects will be seventy-four indicators. Those indicators will evaluate standards compliant of rapid life cycle in round river high way’s Yonghe District in Taipei metropolitan area. According to the result of the evaluation, we can provide the basis reference for future road construction. We hope we can build a carbon reduction effect of public works and fulfill environmental protection to achieve our goal of earth sustainable.
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Teasley, Rebecca Lynn. "Evaluating water resource management in transboundary river basins using cooperative game theory : the Rio Grande/Bravo basin." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6561.
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Water resource management is a multifaceted issue that becomes more complex
when considering multiple nations’ interdependence upon a single shared transboundary
river basin. With over 200 transboundary river basins worldwide shared by two or more
countries, it is important to develop tools to allow riparian countries to cooperatively
manage these shared and often limited water resources. Cooperative game theory
provides tools for determining if cooperation can exist across jurisdictional boundaries
through a suite of mathematical tools that measure the benefits of cooperation among
basin stakeholders. Cooperative game theory is also useful for transboundary negotiation
because it provides a range of solutions which will satisfy all players in the game and
provides methods to fairly and equitably allocate the gains of that cooperation to all
participating stakeholders, if that cooperation is shown to be possible. This dissertation
applies cooperative game theory concepts to the Rio Grande/Bravo basin in North America as a case study. The Rio Grande/Bravo forms the 1,200 km border between the
United States and Mexico. A comprehensive water resources planning model was
developed for the basin including the major water users, water related infrastructure
including reservoirs, and water policy logic related to the bi-national water sharing
agreements. The water planning model is used to calculate the characteristic functions
for the cooperative game analysis. For the Water Demand Reduction Game, the largest
agricultural users, District 005, District 025 and the Texas Watermaster Section below
Falcon were defined individual players. The cooperative analysis was between the
individual players rather than the countries. In addition to the cooperative analysis,
performance measures for water deliveries were calculated to determine if water delivery
was improved to each player under the cooperative game. The results show that the
amount of additional water to the downstream players may not be large enough to induce
cooperation. The small amount of increase in water deliveries is related to the large
system losses as the water travels downstream over a long distance and a division of water under the 1944 Treaty between the United States and Mexico.text
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"A study of cross-border takeovers: Examining the impact of national culture on internalization benefits, and the implications of early versus late-mover status for bidders and their rivals." UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3326038.
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Rodríguez, Rodrigo Joseph. "Whose house is it anyway? : architects of the 'house' leitmotif in the literature from Mexican America." 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/14519.
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The literature written and being spoken by writers of Mexican origin in the United States continues to reformulate the notion of borders as well as subjects and forms within and beyond the house leitmotif. Writings by Sandra Cisneros, Pat Mora, and Tomás Rivera construct public and private spaces that merit validation in historical, literary, and cultural contexts. As architects, Chicana and Chicano writers challenge the nationalist canon and house.text