Journal articles on the topic 'River'
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1
Kuparinen, Anna, and Juha Merilä. "Variation in the timing of river entry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Baltic." Current Zoology 55, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/55.5.342.
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Abstract The timing of river entry in the Atlantic salmon is known to depend on genetic, demographic and environmental factors, but little is known about the relative magnitude of among population and among year variation and covariation in this respect in natural state Atlantic salmon rives. To investigate this, variability in the timing of river entry in three historical Finnish Atlantic salmon populations were analyzed using salmon trap data collected during 1870 - 1902. The analyses reveled that 1) the timing of river entry differed substantially and consistently among the rivers, and that 2) variation among the rivers was much larger than variation among years. Annual variations were not explained by regional environmental conditions, whereas in one river the timing of the local flood peak was a significant predictor of the timing of river entry. Differences in the timing of salmon entry to geographically closely situated rivers suggests that a regionally fixed opening date for coastal fisheries might not be the best management strategy as it may lead to uneven exploitation of salmon populations from different rivers
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Anagnostoudi, Th, S. Papadopoulou, D. Ktenas, E. Gkadri, I. Pyliotis, N. Kokkidis, and V. Panagiotopoulos. "THE OLVIOS, RETHIS AND INACHOS DRAINAGE SYSTEM EVOLUTION AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES INFLUNCE OF THEIR FUTURE EVOLUTION." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11217.
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Olvios, Rethis and Inachos Rivers are multistory drainage systems that occur in Northern Peloponnesus, and at the present day they have and a reversed, North to South, flow element. Dervenios, Skoupeikos and Fonissa Rivers are the misfit streams of Olvios and revealed as juvenile streams and discharge to the Corinth gulf. Agiorgitikos River is the misfit stream of Rethis River and Seliandros River is the juvenile stream. Asopos, Nemeas and Rachiani Rives are the misfit streams of Inachos River and they also discharge to the Corinth gulf. Asopos River characterized as re-established stream. Physical factors such as tectonic regime (active and inactive faults), lithology, erosion and distance from the source influenced the three drainage systems evolution and could be influence them also in the future. The increase of human activities both in their southern parts and in the distal parts close to the coast could be change the physical evolution of the studied drainages, producing a new wind gap in the coastal area and a lake or a lagoon backwards of the coastal area, destroying villages and towns.
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OTAKI, YUICHI. "The Origin of Rivers Name in Kyoto ⌈Kamo River⌋ ⌈Miya River⌋ ⌈Tenjin River⌋." Sen'i Gakkaishi 68, no. 1 (2012): P.36—P.37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.68.p_36.
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사이또. "The Rivers in “Mnyosyu"- Focused on Hatuse River, Asuka River and Saho River-." Journal of Japanese Language and Literature 83, no. 2 (November 2012): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17003/jllak.2012.83.2.177.
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Et.al, Jaffry Zakaria. "Dynamic and Structure Profiling of Kampar River, Slim River and Sungkai River: White Water Recreation Rivers in the State of Perak, Malaysia." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.747.
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In Malaysia, there are many rivers that are being the attraction for white water river activities. Perak, is a state on the west of Peninsular Malaysia has several rivers that are suitable for white water river activities and being among the favourite location for white water river activities enthusiasts. Among the well-known white water rivers in Perak state are Kampar River, Slim River, Sungkai River, Singgor River and Sungai Bernam River. The attraction of a white water river depends on several factors. One of the important factor is the classification of rapid difficulty level. To date, the classification of rapid difficulty level in Malaysia is based on the international standard scale and certified by The International Canoe Federation (ICF). Apart from that, other attraction factors such as river water quality, geographical location, logistics facilities, transportation access, facilities, operator reputations and promotions are among other attraction factors. This present study aims to identify the main attraction factors in the white water rivers in Perak State. Dynamic and structure profiling of the rivers was produced. The white water rivers selected in this study were Kampar River, Slim River and Sungkai River. From the study, Kampar River was identified to be the most preferred river for white water activities compared to Slim River and Sungkai River. Findings from the study was resourceful in the effort of constructing a complete profile of white water rivers structure located in the state of Perak besides promoting white water river activities as a structured recreational tourism activity in Perak.
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Peng, Jing, Shaoming Li, and Lan Qi. "Study on river regulation measures of dried-up rivers of Haihe River basin, China." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 6 (March 1, 2013): 1224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.680.
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In recent years, the ecological environment of plain rivers within Haihe River basin is questionable because of severe water shortages. Most of the rivers dry up regularly and it is therefore necessary to take measures to improve the river ecological environment. Meanwhile, flood control is the principal function for most of the dried-up rivers, so river regulation works for flood control also should be undertaken. In this paper, some measures of river regulation were selected applied to the Haihe River basin, taking these measures not only ensure the river security but also realize its ecological benefit. Examples of the application of selected measures for the representative rivers, Yongding River and Hutuo River, both located within the Haihe River basin, are also assessed. These measures provide practical solutions to ecological and flood control problems of dried-up rivers, are generic in nature, and could therefore be applied to other same type rivers.
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Dahal, Kamala. "River Culture in Nepal." Nepalese Culture 14 (February 24, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nc.v14i0.35187.
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Most of the world civilizations are developed in the river basins. However, we do not have too big rivers in Nepal, though Nepalese culture is closely related with water and rivers. All the sacraments from birth to the death event in Nepalese society are related with river. Rivers and ponds are the living places of Nepali gods and goddesses. Jalkanya and Jaladeviare known as the goddesses of rivers. In the same way, most of the sacred places are located at the river banks in Nepal. Varahakshetra, Bishnupaduka, Devaghat, Triveni, Muktinath and other big Tirthas lay at the riverside. Most of the people of Nepal despose their death bodies in river banks. Death sacrement is also done in the tirthas of such localities. In this way, rivers of Nepal bear the great cultural value. Most of the sacramental, religious and cultural activities are done in such centers. Religious fairs and festivals are also organized in such a places. Therefore, river is the main centre of Nepalese cultural activities and we can find the remains of ld cultural remains in river basins.
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Rahman, B., and J. Kautsary. "River parks typology: A case study of river parks in Kalimantan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1321, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1321/1/012017.
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Abstract The aim of this research is to fill in the theoretical gaps regarding the typology of river parks, seen based on the shape and location of parks in relation to rivers, with a case study of parks on the island of Kalimantan. The typology of river parks will open new advanced research opportunities in the field of river park research. The method used is qualitative, with a field observation approach (primary) in twenty-seven parks on the river, field survey observations were carried out, and database (secondary) observations in fifteen parks on the river border were carried out through Google Street View “Big Data Base Analysis” (GSV). As a result, the typology of parks on rivers can be seen based on the shape and location of the park on the river, so that it is divided into three park typologies, namely the first typology of parks on rivers, the second typology of parks on riverbanks, and the third typology of parks bordering rivers. These three typologies are subdivided into eight form variants which are divided based on the potential point of view of the river, adaptation of the park design to the physical nature of the river, functional use of the banks and borders.
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Ji, Xiaomin, Youpeng Xu, Longfei Han, and Liu Yang. "Impacts of urbanization on river system structure: a case study on Qinhuai River Basin, Yangtze River Delta." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 4 (June 18, 2014): 671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.278.
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Stream structure is usually dominated by various human activities over a short term. An analysis of variation in stream structure from 1979 to 2009 in the Qinhuai River Basin, China, was performed based on remote sensing images and topographic maps by using ArcGIS. A series of river parameters derived from river geomorphology are listed to describe the status of river structure in the past and present. Results showed that urbanization caused a huge increase in the impervious area. The number of rivers in the study area has decreased and length of rivers has shortened. Over the 30 years, there was a 41.03% decrease in river length. Complexity and stability of streams have also changed and consequently the storage capacities of river channels in intensively urbanized areas are much lower than in moderately urbanized areas, indicating a greater risk of floods. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the urban disturbance to rivers.
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Tran, Sy Hai, Minh Hung Nguyen, Van Ga Nguyen, Duc Trung Nguyen, and Ba Trung Nguyen. "Research on the carrying capacity of intra-provincial rivers in Bac Ninh province." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65, no. 6 (June 25, 2023): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.65(6).52-57.
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The article presented the research results on the carrying capacity of some intra-provincial rivers in Bac Ninh province, using indirect assessment methods to assess the capacity of receiving wastewater and the carrying capacity of the river. The results of this study were the basis for Bac Ninh province to publish information on the environment of rivers and river sections that are no longer capable of carrying loads. The results showed that the whole Ngu Huyen Khe river was polluted, and no longer capable of receiving more pollutant loads of waste sources. For the Tao Khe river, section 1 of the river was still capable of receiving additional loads; from section 2 to section 6, the water quality indicators were completely unable to receive additional pollutant loads from waste sources. For Ngu river, section 1 and section 2, water quality was severely degraded, however, from section 3 to section 6, the water quality was somewhat improved. For Dau river, the whole river has reduced water quality and was no longer able to accept the pollutant load from the discharge sources. For Bui river, the water quality can be assessed as slightly polluted. For Dong Khoi river, the whole river had quite good water quality. Comparing pollution levels among rivers showed that the pollution level of Ngu Huyen Khe river, Dau river and Tao Khe river was the highest, and the ability to receive wastewater was almost no longer available. The rivers with less pollution were the Ngu and Bui rivers, the river with the best water quality is the Dong Khoi river.
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Anwari, Muhammad Rizqan, and J. C. Heldiansyah. "MUSEUM SUNGAI DI BANJARMASIN." JURNAL TUGAS AKHIR MAHASISWA LANTING 10, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtamlanting.v10i2.871.
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The river museum in Banjarmasin is a place to capture the existence of rivers in Banjarmasin. The existence of rivers decrease in function and existence until it turns into a dead river. The river's existence is influenced by river culture. River culture is formed by people whose lives depend on rivers. Therefore, to preserve the information related to this matter, efforts are made by preserve and communicate it to the public by create a river museum.To create a river museum, the point of view concept is used which tells the museum narrative based on time, place, and actor. This concept is supported by the application of the sense of place method. Thus, river museums can make visitors educated and empathize with rivers in Banjarmasin.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "The Limnological Effects of River Lesser-Zab on Tigris River, Iraq." Baghdad Science Journal 4, no. 3 (September 2, 2007): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.4.3.452-457.
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The present study included the physico-chemical parameters of Lesser-Zab river and its effects on Tigris river. Monthly water samples were taken from the two rivers during January to October 1999.There were no signifcant difference in water temperatures. Both rivers were fresh to oligohalin, alkaline and very hard. Close values were determined in total suspended solids in both rivers with little increasing during rainfall period and high discharge. Water was well areated and over saturation was recorded in several occasions. Dissolved oxygen values of Tigris river were influenced by Lesser-Zab. Cations were more dominant than anions in both rivers. In Lesser-Zab, the anions were increased during spring season and declined in summer which their values influenced in Tigris river. The concentration of plant nutrients (NO2,NO3,PO4 and SiO2) were fluctuated during the study period in Lesser-Zab and their effects were cleared on Tigris river.N:P ratio values were indicated the deficiency of nitrogen in both rivers.
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Liu, Rui Ping, You Ning Xu, Jiang Hua Zhang, Hua Qing Chen, He Fang, Xian Li, Hai Ling Ke, and Gang Qiao. "Accumulation and Environmental Risk on Heavy Metal Pollution in Bottom Sediments of Surface Waters in Xiao Qinling Gold Mine Belt, China." Advanced Materials Research 773 (September 2013): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.773.862.
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Heavy metals accumulation in river sediments can reflect the environmental quality of river waters. Its of practical significance to study the accumulation level of heavy metals in river sediments and its environmental risk. this thesis study on the heavy metals accumulation in river sediments of three typical river of Xiao qinling gold mine area, and the results showed that the mercury, lead , zine, cadmium and copper elements are characteristic contaminations, respectively. In Shuangqiao river, the average values of mercury, lead , copper and zine were 94·72, 25.34, 3388.67, 376.77 and 675.90 mg·kg-1, the five elements show the larger variety in tong river and Shuangqiao river than the oher five rivers. respectively. The environmental risk assessment by using geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated that these seven rivers a high-very high rank environmental risk of heavy metals accumulation in river sediments, the environmental risk probability orders of seven river sediments is Tong river > Shuangqiao river> Xijian river > Yiluo river> Sha river > Zaoxiang river> Yangping river . and there was highest environmental risk in Eolian loess area. So There are the probability of achieving higher risk than now if local government wouldnt Adopt effectively manage measure river to rivers.
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Saleh, A., I. Abustan, Mohd Remy Rozainy M. A. Z., and N. Sabtu. "Sediment Transport and Characteristics in Perak River and Kurau River." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.29 (May 22, 2018): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.14270.
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Particle size is the most important parameter to deal in sediment transport processes. This parameter is important to determine the class of sediment transport in river. It is also important for the selection of site for sand mining operation through the determination of the size of sediment, sediment capacity and sediment replenishment rate. Data were obtained through observations made from two rivers namely Sungai Perak and Sungai Kurau in Malaysia. The rivers were categorized as wide river for Sungai Perak and small river for Sungai Kurau. For Sungai Perak, the width of river ranges from 248.18 to 338.53 meter whilst the width of Sungai Kurau ranges from 9 to 11 meter. Data covers flow discharges from 130.988 m3/s to 435.915 m3/s for Sungai Perak and from 2.52 m3/s to 4.723 m3/s for Sungai Kurau. Based on the results, the bed load of two rivers are found to be mostly uniform mixture. The results indicate that these two Malaysian rivers mostly have uniform bed load The bed material for the two rivers are poorly graded mixture and the median size of bed loads mostly ranges from 0.62 to 2.94 mm.
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Ahmad, A. K., A. Hafizah, and S. O. Sharifah Aisyah. "Chironomidae (Order: Diptera) diversity in relation to water quality of highland rivers at Cameron Highlands, Malaysia." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 3(SI) (May 31, 2021): 824–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/3(si)/jeb-14.
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Aim: This study aims to determine Chironomidae diversity and distribution in three small rivers at Cameron Highlands in relation to their response to water quality conditions. Methodology: Fifteen sites from three rivers (Palas River, Pauh River and Bertam River) were chosen for water quality measurements and Chironomidae sampling. Water quality was analysed following APHA standard methods and chironomid was identified to genus level. The rivers were classified based on Malaysian’s Water Quality Index (WQI) and macroinvertebrates diversity and distribution was analysed using diversity indices. Comparison between sites and river was undertaken using one-way ANOVA and chironomid appearance in relation to water quality was evaluated using Pearson correlation test. Results: Chironomidae (Order: Diptera) distribution at high altitude rivers in Malaysia is not well documented although this group of insect has a wide range of distribution in tropical region. Based on Malaysian water quality index (WQI), result shows all rivers were in Class I. Although still in Class I, Bertam River has slight lower water quality due to higher ammoniacal nitrogen and total suspended solids. The diversity indices also demonstrate that Bertam Rivers was in stress conditions, and other two were in moderate conditions. Three subfamilies (Chironominae, Orthocladiinae and Tanypodinae) were recorded, which comprises of 1963 individuals. Tvetenia (Subfamily: Orthocladiinae) was the most dominant but only dominated Palas River and Pauh River. Another genus from Orthocladiinae (Crocotopus and Rheocrocotopus) also recorded dominant only in Palas River and Pauh River, but lesser in Bertam River. Only Polypedilum (Subfamily: Chironominae) which was second highest recorded, dominated in all rivers, even highest in Bertam River. Amongst dominant genus, only Polypedilum was found dominant in all rivers, others were only dominating Palas River and Pauh River only. Interpretation: This findings exhibit wide range of adaptations and potential use of Polypedilum as biological indicator. Due to availability of incomplete keys, identification to species level cannot be undertaken. However, this study reveals thirteen different sub-group of Polypedilum based mouthpart organs, which represent different species for tropical ecosystems.
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He, Xu, and Hou Siyan. "Study on the Causes of Water Environmental Pollution of Important Rivers in Haihe River Basin and Countermeasures." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 04023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126104023.
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The water quality of six important rivers in Haihe River Basin, including Yongding River, Luanhe River, North Canal, Daqing River, South Canal and Chaobai River, was evaluated. The influence of point source and non-point source on water quality was analyzed. The causes of water environmental pollution in the major rivers were preliminarily revealed. The results show that the water quality of Chaobai River is good, and the impact of point source and non-point source discharge on the water body is small. Other rivers are affected by different degrees of point source and non-point source pollution. Based on the analysis results, the engineering measures and management countermeasures for river regulation are put forward.
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Kozaki, Daisuke, Mohd Hasbi bin Ab Rahim, Wan Mohd Faizal bin Wan Ishak, Mashitah M. Yusoff, Masanobu Mori, Nobutake Nakatani, and Kazuhiko Tanaka. "Assessment of the River Water Pollution Levels in Kuantan, Malaysia, Using Ion-Exclusion Chromatographic Data, Water Quality Indices, and Land Usage Patterns." Air, Soil and Water Research 9 (January 2016): ASWR.S33017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s33017.
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Water qualities of three suburban rivers, namely, Kuantan, Belat, and Galing rivers, in Kuantan, Malaysia, were examined effectively by using ion-exclusion/cation-exchange chromatography with water quality indices and land usage data. Specifically, we have focused on evaluating and grasping the effect of sewage/household wastewater discharged from housing areas in the Kuantan district on the river water quality. Based on this study, the following beneficial information were obtained effectively: (1) the pollution levels in the three rivers (Kuantan River: Classes I–III, Belat River: Classes I–III, and Galing River: Classes I–V) are linked with the urbanization level of the river basin area; (2) differences in the biological reactions in the different pollution level rivers are understood; (3) Galing River is among the most polluted rivers not only in Kuantan but also in the Peninsular Malaysia, owing to poor water treatment of the sewage/household wastewater discharged from the river basin area.
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Shizuma, Kiyoshi, Wim Ikbal Nursal, and Yushi Sakurai. "Long-Term Monitoring of Radiocesium Concentration in Sediments and River Water along Five Rivers in Minami-Soma City during 2012–2016 Following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081319.
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Radiocesium monitoring in sediments and river water has been conducted along five rivers in Minami-Soma City during 2012–2016 to clarify the temporal changes of radiocesium contamination in these rivers. Sampling has been performed annually under normal flow conditions. Sediment and river water samples were collected from four or five sampling sites along each river. Gamma-ray measurements of sediments were performed using a low-background Ge detector and unfiltered river water was utilized to determine radiocesium concentration using a well-type Ge detector. The 137Cs concentration in sediments was highest at upstream sites and slowly decreased to downstream sites for all rivers reflecting the high radioactive contamination in the upstream area. Temporal decrease of the 137Cs concentration was observed in sediments and river water for each river. The effective half-lives were 1.3–2.1 y for sediments, and 0.9–2.1 y for river water from rivers with upstream dams. On the undammed river, the effective half-lives were 4.7 y and 3.7 y for sediment and river water, respectively. Much longer effective-half-lives might reflect the direct transfer of radiocesium from forests and plains to the river. The 137Cs concentration in riverbed was low in downstream areas, however, accumulation of 137Cs over the floodplain was observed. Rapid decrease of 137Cs contamination through rivers will put residents at ease, but high accumulation of radiocesium over floodplains should be noted for future river decontamination.
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Yu, Junshuang. "Does river restoration result in improved environmental heterogeneity?" E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128401002.
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Rivers can shape diverse landscapes, determine the spatial connectivity of river and terrestrial life, and provide a variety of resources and services. Rivers are often over-bound due to the need for flood control and irrigation. Rivers affected by human disturbance often require restoration to improve the ecosystem services they provide. Environmental heterogeneity is generally considered to be the non-uniform variation of environmental elements in space and/or time. The relationship between variability in physical characteristics of restored rivers and biological communities in the river environment is a highly complex feedback, and studying and summarising changes in environmental heterogeneity following river restoration can help refine methodologies for monitoring river restoration outcomes. This study highlights the variability in river geomorphology and river ecology, and demonstrates the feasibility and necessity of incorporating environmental heterogeneity indicators into river restoration outcome evaluation systems at three levels: hydrological, geomorphological and ecological.
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Shamima Shultana, Kazi M. Maraz, Farhana Islam, Kazi M. Haque, Md. Mukul Hossain, Md. Marjanul Haque, Md. Razzak, and Ruhul A. Khan. "Investigation of the water samples of six central rivers of Banglades." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.10.3.0072.
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Six central rivers of Bangladesh were selected for this investigation. The name of the rivers are Meghna, Shitalakshya, Dhaleshwari, Padma, Buriganga and Turag. The Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Turbidity of the six river waters were evaluated. The EC values of the water of the Meghna, Shitalakshya, Dhaleshwari, Padma, Buriganga and Turag rivers were found to be 202.8, 225.8, 362, 264.4, 586 and 609 µS/cm respectively. The EC values were found higher for the Turag River water than that of the other five river waters. Similarly, the pH values of 6.8, 6.8, 6.6, 6.5, 6.4 and 6.5 were found for the river waters of the Meghna, Shitalakshya, Dhaleshwari, Padma, Buriganga and Turag respectively. The pH values were found lower for the Turag river water than that of the other five river waters. The TDS and salinity of the Turag river water were found 305 ppm and 1.2% respectively. On the other hand, the TDS and salinity of the Meghna river water was found 101.4 and 0.4% which is lower compared to the other five rivers. From this research, this is clear that the quality of the Meghna river water is much better than the river waters of the Shitalakshya, Dhaleshwari, Padma, Buriganga and Turag. The quality of the Turag river water was found inferior. The Turag is one of the most important rivers of Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh, and a large number of unban waste goes directly to the river Turag. As a result, the water of Turag river became deteriorated. This investigation proved that the Meghna river water quality is still much better and suitable for many applications.
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Fitra, Bayu Purnama, Slamet Imam Wahyudi, and Gata Dian Asfari. "HIDROLOGICAL SIMULATION OF THE RIVERS’ FLOOD CONTROL IN SUBDISTRIC WONOKERTO IN PEKALONGAN REGENCY." Pondasi 23, no. 2 (August 17, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/pondasi.v23i2.11208.
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Abstract: Flooding problem still become serious problem in subdistrict Wonokerto of Pekalongan regency. There are six rivers that have the potential caused flooding in setelment area. In this research, the researcher wanted to do hydrological simulation at six rivers in Wonokerto. The hydrological simulation is done by calculating the inflow in the river in the form of flood discharge hydrograph design with nakayasu method, and evaluate the capacity of river catchment to flood discharge. Based the results research on six rivers, it is known that the river capacity is not able to accommodate the flood discharge when enters the river. The River water are also known unable to flow by gravity caused of rob dikes that isolated the river water to flow into the sea, therefore to prevent overflow in the river needs and to prevent overflow and to control the river water level a pumping in rivers.Keywords: Hydrological Simulation, River Flood Control, Storage Evaluation, Pumping
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Fitra, Bayu Purnama, and M. Faiqun Niam. "HIDROLOGICAL SIMULATION OF THE RIVERS’ FLOOD CONTROL IN SUBDISTRIC WONOKERTO IN PEKALONGAN REGENCY." Pondasi 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/pondasi.v24i2.7644.
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ABSTRACT:Flooding problem still become serious problem in subdistrict Wonokerto of Pekalongan regency. There are six rivers that have the potential caused flooding in setelment area. In this research, the researcher wanted to do hydrological simulation at six rivers in Wonokerto. The hydrological simulation is done by calculating the inflow in the river in the form of flood discharge hydrograph design with nakayasu method, and evaluate the capacity of river catchment to flood discharge. Based the results research on six rivers, it is known that the river capacity is not able to accommodate the flood discharge when enters the river. The River water are also known unable to flow by gravity caused of rob dikes that isolated the river water to flow into the sea, therefore to prevent overflow in the river needs and to prevent overflow and to control the river water level a pumping in rivers.Keywords: Hydrological Simulation, River Flood Control, Storage Evaluation, Pumping
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Čanjevac, Ivan, Katarina Pavlek, and Danijel Orešić. "River lengths in Croatia determined from a topographic map at a scale of 1:25,000." Hrvatski geografski glasnik/Croatian Geographical Bulletin 84, no. 1 (July 14, 2022): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21861/hgg.2022.84.01.01.
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This study presents methodologically consistent length measurements of rivers with a total length of 40 kilometres or more in the Republic of Croatia. These measurements were performed by vectorising river channels from a topographic map at a scale of 1:25,000. Contemporary orthophoto maps were used as additional cartographic sources for verification. The approaches used to determine the starting and ending points of rivers, i.e. sources and mouths or confluences, have been explained and their spatial coordinates were listed. The results showed that in terms of total river length, the 21 rivers in this study differed from the available official data by less than 5%. Considerable differences were found for rivers where significant river engineering works had been carried out to channelize and divert flow, as well as for rivers in the Adriatic Basin where there have been methodological differences in determining the river mouth, and for large lowland rivers where changes in channel planform are common due to natural dynamics and engineering interventions. Moreover, this research revealed that the longest Croatian river, with its source, confluence, and both river banks situated entirely within the territory of Croatia, is the Karašica River, with a total length of 148 km.
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Rachelly, Cristina, Volker Weitbrecht, David F. Vetsch, and Robert M. Boes. "Morphological development of river widenings with variable sediment supply." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184002007.
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River widening is a common restoration approach to mitigate the adverse effects of past stream alterations on infrastructure and the riparian ecosystem by stabilizing the river bed and enhancing habitat heterogeneity. In this study, two river widening approaches, excavated and dynamic, are described for the case of moderately steep gravel-bed rivers in the Alpine foothills, with a focus on dynamic river widening. As most channelized rivers exhibit ongoing degradation due to the lack of sediment supply and efforts to restore sediment transport are increasing, the consideration of the response of river widenings to variable sediment supply is important. For this purpose, insights from regime theory are applied to river widening and several experimental flume and field studies on channel response to variable sediment supply are reviewed. Dynamic river widenings are expected to be morphologically active in weakly degraded rivers with sufficient sediment supply, while they may not be an appropriate restoration approach for highly degraded rivers due to persistent impairment of morphological activity.
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Arāja, Rita. "Gauja River." Dev Sanskriti Interdisciplinary International Journal 8 (July 31, 2016): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36018/dsiij.v8i0.90.
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Gauja, as a River embraces the most significant position in the mindset of the Latvians, not only because it is among the largest rivers of Latvia, but also because of its sacred imprints on the Latvian history and heritage. From a geographical point of view, it is the only large river of Latvia, which has its upper and lower stretches both located in the Latvian terrains. From its upper reaches in the Vidzeme Upland; it runs uninterrupted for about 452 kilometers before falling into the Gulf of Riga, thus making it the longest river of Latvia. However, it is not its length that offers Gauja, a distinct position in the Latvian chronicles rather it is the sacred and mystical value of Gauja that provides it an unparalleled position, which can only be compared to the River Ganges of India or other such sacred rivers of that historical nation.
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Bennett, J. "Investing in river health." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0383.
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Rivers provide society with numerous returns. These relate to both the passive and extractive uses of the resources embodied in river environments. Some returns are manifest in the form of financial gains whilst others are non-monetary. For instance, rivers are a source of monetary income for those who harvest their fish. The water flowing in rivers is extracted for drinking and to water crops and livestock that in turn yield monetary profits. However, rivers are also the source of non-monetary values arising from biological diversity. People who use them for recreation (picnicking, swimming, boating) also receive non-monetary returns. The use of rivers to yield these returns has had negative consequences. With extraction for financial return has come diminished water quantity and quality. The result has been a diminished capacity of rivers to yield (non-extractive) environmental returns and to continue to provide extractive values. A river is like any other asset. With use, the value of an asset depreciates because its productivity declines. In order to maintain the productive capacity of their assets, managers put aside from their profits depreciation reserves that can be invested in the repair or replacement of those assets. Society now faces a situation in which its river assets have depreciated in terms of their capacity to provide monetary and non-monetary returns. An investment in river “repair” is required. But, investment means that society gives up something now in order to achieve some benefit in the future. Society thus has to grapple with the choice between investing in river health and other investments - such as in hospitals, schools, defence etc. - as well as between investing in river health and current consumption - such as on clothes, food, cars etc. A commonly used aid for investment decision making in the public sector is benefit cost analysis. However, its usefulness in tackling the river investment problem is restricted because it requires all benefits and costs to be measured in dollar terms, and many of the benefits arising from investments in river health are non-monetary. In this paper, techniques that enable non-monetary values to be estimated in dollar terms are described. Applications of the techniques to the estimation of the environmental values of rivers are demonstrated. The values estimated are used to demonstrate the extent of returns that are possible from investing in river health.
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Kazi M Maraz, Nanda Karmaker, Farhana Islam, Kazi Mahfuzul Haque, Marjanul Haque, Afrina K Piya, MM Raihan, Mazharul Islam, and Ruhul A Khan. "Analysis of water samples of four central rivers of Bangladesh." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.8.1.0153.
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Four central rivers of Bangladesh were selected for this research. The name of the rivers is Buriganga, Dhaleshwari, Shitalakshya and Meghna. The Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), and Salinity of the four river waters were evaluated. The EC values of the water of the Buriganga, Dhaleshwari, Shitalakshya and Meghna rivers were found to be 366.0, 299.2, 290.4 and 130.8 µS/cm respectively. Similarly, the pH values of 7.67, 7.38, 7.30 and 7.18 were found for the river waters of the Buriganga, Dhaleshwari, Shitalakshya and Meghna respectively. The EC and pH values were found higher for the Buriganga river water than that of the other three river waters. The TDS and salinity of the Buriganga river water were found 180 mg/l and 0.72% respectively. On the other hand, the TDS and salinity of the Meghna river water was found lower compared to the other three rivers. From this research, this is clear that the quality of the Meghna river water is much better than the river waters of the Buriganga, Dhaleshwari, and Shitalakshya. The quality of the Buriganga river water was found inferior. Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh, stands on the bank of the Buriganga river, and as a result a large number of unban waste goes directly to the river Buriganga. As a result, the water of Buriganga became polluted. This investigation proved that the Meghna river water quality is still much better and suitable for many applications.
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Nugraha, Setya, Candra Purnawan, and Muhammad Habib Rizki. "Determining River Absorption Capacity Using Simple Mathematical Model: A Case Study in Palur River, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 986, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012081.
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Abstract The increase in population causes a decrease in the quality of river water. Rivers are the most vulnerable ecosystem due to human activities. Humans throw the results of daily activities into rivers both from agricultural activities, domestic waste, and industrial activities. This waste results in a decrease in the quality of river water. Therefore the river needs to be managed properly. One of the efforts to manage the river is to determine the absorption capacity of the river itself. However, not many studies have been conducted regarding the absorption capacity of rivers, especially in small rivers. This study aims to determine the absorption capacity of the Palur River using a simple mathematical model called the Mass Balance (Neraca Massa). The results of calculations using the Mass Balance model obtained the average concentration value (Cr) from each segment of the Palur River. The worst river segment is Segment II with an average concentration (Cr) of TSS 54.22 mg/L, BOD 8.12 mg/L, and COD 26.21 mg/L. The calculation results show that the Palur River Segment II no longer has the capacity for TSS, BOD, and COD parameters. Waste that is dumped directly into the river needs to be processed first so that the load entering the river meets quality standards. Furthermore, it is hoped that the results of this study can be used as the first step in efforts to control water river pollution.
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Drozdenko, Tatiana V. "Planktonic algoflora of small rivers in urban conditions (on the example of the Mirozhka and Pskova rivers, Pskov, the Pskov Region)." Samara Journal of Science 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55355/snv2023122104.
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The paper studies the planktonic algoflora of the Mirozhka and the Pskova Rivers. The research was carried out in the early autumn period of 2019. The taxonomic composition of the Mirozhka River included 107 species and intraspecific taxa of microalgae, the Pskova river 76 species taxa of algae from 7 phylums: Bacillariophyta, Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, Cryptophyta, Euglenozoa, Miozoa. The basis of the floral complex in both rivers were diatoms and green algae. The representatives of the Ochrophyta department also made a visible contribution to the species richness of the algoflora of the Mirozhka River. The degree of floral similarity of phytoplankton communities of the Mirozhka and Pskova rivers, calculated using the Sorensen-Chekanovsky index, was 55,7% (51 species of microalgae were common to the rivers). The average phytoplankton abundance in the Mirozhka River was 891,9 thousand cells/l, and in the Pskova river 199,6 thousand cells/l, biomass 366,9 micrograms/l and 79,6 micrograms/l, respectively. According to ecological and geographical analysis, freshwater widespread planktonic forms of microalgae predominated in both rivers, preferring slightly alkaline waters. Beta-mesosaprobionts prevailed in relation to organic matter pollution in rivers (38,5% the Mirozhka River; 41,8% the Pskova River), which indicates moderate pollution of the studied watercourses. The average saprobity index of the Mirozhka River and the Pskova River was 2,1 and 1,9, respectively, which makes it possible to attribute the waters of the studied watercourses to the 3rd class of quality moderately polluted.
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Son, Kwang Ik, Taik Jean Hwang, Man Ha Hwang, and Young Ho Yoon. "Uncertainty Improvement in a Simulation of Channel Evolution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.341.
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The Four Major Rivers Restoration Project (4MRRP), one of the largest river rehabilitation projects in Korea, has being carried out during the last three years. 0.57 billion m3 of sediment was dredged to widen and deepen the channel along four major rivers, the Han, Nakdong, Geum, and Youngsan rivers. As a result of reshaping the natural channel to a trapezoidal channel, and the construction of 16 weirs, the change of longitudinal slope of the river was inevitable. The distribution of bed materials was also changed, due to dredging. Therefore, the rivers were totally disturbed, and the stability of the rivers could not be assured. In particular, the Nakdong river, the second largest river in Korea, has the characteristics of an alluvial channel. Degradation of the main channel bed caused bank erosion, and head-cut phenomena in many tributaries. Deformations of the main channels could be observed all along the river. Long-term simulation of the channel evolution and prediction of the stability of the Nakdong river have to be examined, to cope with the instability of the river, which could lead to unexpected river disasters. This study deals with the methodology of uncertainty improvement, in analysis of the simulation and confirmation with field survey data. Methodology of uncertainty improvement in description of weir, whose discharge coefficient is unknown, in a river was suggested.
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Richardson, Martin, and Mikhail Soloviev. "The Urban River Syndrome: Achieving Sustainability Against a Backdrop of Accelerating Change." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 13, 2021): 6406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126406.
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Human activities have been affecting rivers and other natural systems for millennia. Anthropogenic changes to rivers over the last few centuries led to the accelerating state of decline of coastal and estuarine regions globally. Urban rivers are parts of larger catchment ecosystems, which in turn form parts of wider nested, interconnected systems. Accurate modelling of urban rivers may not be possible because of the complex multisystem interactions operating concurrently and over different spatial and temporal scales. This paper overviews urban river syndrome, the accelerating deterioration of urban river ecology, and outlines growing conservation challenges of river restoration projects. This paper also reviews the river Thames, which is a typical urban river that suffers from growing anthropogenic effects and thus represents all urban rivers of similar type. A particular emphasis is made on ecosystem adaptation, widespread extinctions and the proliferation of non-native species in the urban Thames. This research emphasizes the need for a holistic systems approach to urban river restoration.
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Xue, Yuan, Chao Qin, Baosheng Wu, Dan Li, and Xudong Fu. "Automatic Extraction of Mountain River Surface and Width Based on Multisource High-Resolution Satellite Images." Remote Sensing 14, no. 10 (May 14, 2022): 2370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102370.
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The extraction of high-resolution geomorphic information from remote sensing images is a key technology for supporting mountain river research. Extracting small rivers (width < 90 m) from complex backgrounds based on satellite images remains a challenging issue. In this research, we propose an improved random forest (RF) algorithm, RF-ANN (artificial neural network), by using neural networks and thermal infrared data for the extraction of river surfaces. We also develop an automated river width extraction (ARWE) method based on the central axis transformation algorithm and centerline automatic correction algorithm for the automatic extraction of the river widths across the whole basin. We chose the Huangfuchuan River Basin on the Loess Plateau, China, as a case study area. Chinese GF-1 and ZY-3 satellite images were implemented as the primary data source. We extracted the bankfull river surface and river widths of the Huangfuchuan River by using these two improved methods. The results show that the RF-ANN method has a total river surface extraction accuracy of 94.7%, and the extracted river surfaces cover more than 85% of the order 3 DEM river network. By implementing high-resolution DEM and thermal infrared data, RF-ANN effectively eliminates the disturbance of shadows of mountains and other features, which ensures the high accuracy of the extracted widths. It was verified that the maximum and minimum river widths that can be extracted in the Huangfuchuan River Basin are 297.4 m and 6.1 m, respectively. The overall error of river width extraction is 0.97 m, which is less than half of the pixel length of remote sensing images. The R2 and root mean square error (RMSE) of the estimated river width values are 0.99 and 1.49, respectively. For tiny rivers with widths narrower than 10 m, the error of river width extraction is 10.9%. The error of thin rivers whose widths range from 10 to 30 m is 4.9%. For small rivers ranging from 30 to 90 and rivers wider than 90 m, the error is 1.1% and 0.6%, respectively. The new approach provides an effective method for extracting the surface and width of mountain rivers in topographically complex regions by using high-resolution satellite images, which may provide a database for estimating river carbon emissions and related research in fluvial morphology and water resource management.
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Kunacheva, Chinagarn, Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon, Shigeo Fujii, Shuhei Tanaka, Chanatip Musirat, Chattakarn Artsalee, and Thana Wongwattana. "Contamination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in Chao Phraya River and Bangpakong River, Thailand." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.462.
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Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been used for many years, and are distributed all over the world. This study focused on occurrences of PFCs, especially perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctonoic acid (PFOA) in Thai rivers and industrial estate discharges, while comparing results with rivers of other Asian countries (Japan, China, and Malaysia). Surveys were conducted in Chao Phraya River, Bangpakong River and three industrial estates. A solid phase extraction (SPE) and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS were used for the analysis of these chemicals. The average concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were 1.9 and 4.7 ng/L, respectively in Chao Phraya River, while lower concentrations were detected in Bangpakong River with the averages of 0.7 ng/L for both PFOS and PFOA. Higher concentrations were detected in all industrial estate discharges with the averages of 64.3 ng/L for PFOA and 17.9 ng/L for PFOS., Total loadings from three industrial estates were 1.93 g/d for PFOS and 11.81 g/d for PFOA. The concentraion levels in Thai rivers were less than rivers in Japan, China, and Malaysia. However, PFCs loading rate of Chao Phraya River was much higher than Yodo River (Japan), due to the higher flow rate. The other six PFCs were found above the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) in most samples. PFHxS and PFNA were also highly detected in some river samples.
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Vera-Alcaraz, Héctor S., Carla S. Pavanelli, and Cláudio H. Zawadzki. "Taxonomic revision of the Rineloricaria species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Paraguay River basin." Neotropical Ichthyology 10, no. 2 (2012): 285–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000200006.
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Species of the genus Rineloricaria from the Paraguay River basin were revised, the following species and geographic distributional patterns were found: R. aurata, Paraguay River basin in Brazil and Paraguay, rio Guaporé in Brazil; R. cacerensis, Paraguay River near Cáceres in Brazil; R. lanceolata, Paraguay River basin in Brazil and Paraguay, Guaporé, Ji-Paraná, Purus, Solimões, and Araguaia rivers in Brazil, Marañón and Madre de Dios rivers in Peru; R. parva, Paraguay River basin in Brazil and Paraguay, Paraná River in Argentina, Uruguay River in Brazil. Loricaria hoehnei is proposed as a new junior synonym of R. lanceolata. A key to the species of Rineloricaria from the Paraguay River basin is provided.
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Chowdhury, Zahura, Kuriko Yokota, Minh Ngoc Nguyen, Pertiwi Andarani, Sudarno Sudarno, Syafrudin Syafrudin, and Takanobu Inoue. "Comparison Between the Plastic Waste Influx of Rural Rivers: Mlese River in Indonesia and Hamada River in Japan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1268, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1268/1/012062.
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Abstract Marine plastic pollution has become a global concern as plastic wastes continue to accumulate in the world’s oceans. Usually, such accumulation occurs due to garbage leakage from land, which eventually flow into the river pathways through surface runoff or wind. This study aims to draw a parallel between the garbage influx of two rural rivers in Indonesia and Japan. Data collections were carried out at one of the river points in Indonesia’s Mlese River and Japan’s Hamada River when the weather was not rainy. The river characteristics and influx of plastic litter into the river streams were analysed at a specific time of a day. In Mlese River, trashboom method and, in Hamada River, manual netting method were used to trap the plastics. The waste outflow was 370 g/hr from Mlese River and 0.25 g/hr from Hamada River. Despite the average discharge of the two rivers being quite similar (0.34 m3/s), the plastic outflow in Mlese River was about 1400 times compared to the plastic outflow of Hamada River, proving the waste leakage problem in Indonesia to be greater. Data must be collected in rainy days as well to better understand the complete situation of waste influx in these rivers.
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He, Fei, Qiuying Lai, Jie Ma, Geng Wei, and Weixin Li. "Numerical Simulations of Sudden Oil Spills in Typical Cross-Border Rivers in the Yangtze River Delta Region." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 13029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122413029.
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The Taipu River is an important cross-border river in the Yangtze River Delta region and a direct channel connecting Taihu Lake and Huangpu River. Along the main stream of the Taipu River are many sources of water, such as the Wujiang, Dingzha, and Liantang Rivers. Many boats traverse these rivers transporting a wide variety of goods, including large quantities of oil, chemicals, and other dangerous goods. In the event of accidents on these vessels, spilled cargo will directly threaten the drinking water safety of people in the region. Aiming at simulating and assessing the environmental risks of sudden oil spills in rivers in the Yangtze River Delta region, this paper established a two-dimensional oil spill model of the typical transboundary Taipu River based on the MIKE21 water environment numerical simulation software developed by the Danish Institute of Water Conservancy. The established model will improve emergency response and treatment plans as well as our understanding of river oil spill progressions.
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Shrestha, Madhav K., and Rahul Ranjan. "Territory and status of dolphins in Nepalese rivers: A review." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.026.01.40.
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Abstract Nepal is endowed with vast water resources in form of glaciers, lakes, streams and rivers. All the rivers in Nepal are connected to the Ganges River system of India. The major rivers are reliable sources of water and provide habitats for aquatic animals, opportunities for hydropower, and irrigation development in downstream regions. The major rivers of Nepal include the Koshi, Gandaki (Narayani), Karnali, and Mahakali which all drain from north to south. These rivers support abundant wildlife species as well as a number of fishes, amphibians and reptiles. Most relevant to this paper is the Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica Roxburgh, 1801). The Ganges River Dolphin preys on fish, mollusks and other aquatic animals. Being a migratory species, the dolphins move from larger rivers to their tributaries, seasonally. This paper is intended to review work on the status of Ganges River Dolphin in Nepalese rivers based on secondary data obtained from different published surveys targeting the dolphin populations. The records show the Karnali River has the largest population, followed by the Koshi and Narayani rivers, with no record of dolphins occupying the Mahakali River in recent years. Recent surveys estimate about 100 dolphins living in Nepal, with 80 estimated in the Karnali River. Different anthropogenic activities including construction work, intensive fishing, pollution and the lack of conservation planning for dolphins have resulted in a decline in number from historic levels. The presence of this aquatic mammal is considered as an indicator of the overall health of the river system. The COVID-19 pandemic and lock down might have caused increased dolphin sightings. Additionally, high pre-monsoon precipitation in recent years have caused higher water levels in smaller rivers, possibly causing the dolphins to return earlier than usual to the major river systems. They were recorded to be present in the Mohana and other small tributaries of the Karnali River as early as first week of June.
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Woodbridge, Kevin P., Saied Pirasteh, and Daniel R. Parsons. "Investigating Fold-River Interactions for Major Rivers Using a Scheme of Remotely Sensed Characteristics of River and Fold Geomorphology." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11172037.
Full textAbstract:
There are frequently interactions between active folds and major rivers (mean annual water discharges > 70 m3s−1). The major river may incise across the fold, to produce a water gap across the fold, or a bevelling (or lateral planation) of the top of the fold. Alternatively, the major river may be defeated to produce a diversion of the river around the fold, with wind gaps forming across the fold in some cases, or ponding of the river behind the fold. Why a river incises or diverts is often unclear, though influential characteristics and processes have been identified. A new scheme for investigating fold-river interactions has been devised, involving a short description of the major river, climate, and structural geology, and 13 characteristics of river and fold geomorphology: (1) Channel width at location of fold axis, w, (2) Channel-belt width at location of fold axis, cbw, (3) Floodplain width at location of fold axis, fpw, (4) Channel sinuosity, Sc, (5) Braiding index, BI, (6) General river course direction, RCD, (7) Distance from fold core to location of river crossing, C-RC, (8) Distance from fold core to river basin margin, C-BM, (9) Width of geological structure at location of river crossing, Wgs, (10) Estimate of erosion resistance of surface sediments/rocks and deeper sediments/rocks in fold, ERs, ERd, (11) Channel water surface slope at location of fold axis, s, (12) Average channel migration rate, Rm, (13) Estimate of fold total uplift rate, TUR. The first 10 geomorphological characteristics should be readily determinable for almost all major rivers using widely available satellite imagery and fine scale geological maps. This use of remote sensing allows a large number of major rivers to be investigated relatively easily, including those in remote or inaccessible areas, without recourse to expensive fieldwork. The last three geomorphological characteristics should be determinable for most major rivers where other data sources are available. This study demonstrates the methodology of this scheme, using the example of the major rivers Karun and Dez interacting with active folds in the foreland basin tectonic setting of lowland south-west Iran. For the rivers Karun and Dez (mean annual water discharges 575 m3s−1 and 230 m3s−1, respectively), it was found that geomorphological characteristics Nos. 2, 3 and 7 had statistically significant differences (p-value ≤ 0.05) between the categories of river incision across a fold and river diversion around a fold. This scheme should be used to investigate a variety of major rivers from across the globe. By comparing the same parameters for different major rivers, a better understanding of fold-river interactions will be achieved.
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Utami, R., A. D. Imami, R. Azhar, R. N. Azizah, and D. Awfa. "Review of water quality index models as river quality evaluation tool: insight from various rivers in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1263, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1263/1/012040.
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Abstract As industrial activities grow and increase, it is directly proportional to the wastewater produced, which is disposed of into the river. One of the calculation models commonly used for evaluating surface water quality is the water quality index (WQI). The method produces uncertainty in the conversion and is site specific dependent. The data collected for the last five years used a comparative method to assess the status classification of those rivers’ quality. In addition, this study also aims to classify the river quality status and evaluate the WQI model in determining the impact of industrial activities on Sumatra Island and Kalimantan Island, the five longest rivers in Indonesia. This paper uses the WQI to review the water quality condition of Indonesia’s five longest rivers, i.e., Kapuas River, Mahakam River, Barito River, Batanghari River, and Musi River, where the community heavily uses these rivers for their daily needs. This review study concluded that the WQI of a river could vary depending on the measurement data used in calculating the WQI value. The data describing the WQI of a river is a momentary WQI or periodic WQI. The study is expected to be used as a basis for developing a sustainable water pollution control strategy to maintain the grade status of a river according to its classification.
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Wang, Lei, Tandong Yao, Chenhao Chai, Lan Cuo, Fengge Su, Fan Zhang, Zhijun Yao, et al. "TP-River: Monitoring and Quantifying Total River Runoff from the Third Pole." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 102, no. 5 (May 2021): E948—E965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0207.1.
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AbstractMonitoring changes in river runoff at the Third Pole (TP) is important because rivers in this region support millions of inhabitants in Asia and are very sensitive to climate change. Under the influence of climate change and intensified cryospheric melt, river runoff has changed markedly at the TP, with significant effects on the spatial and temporal water resource distribution that threaten water supply and food security for people living downstream. Despite some in situ observations and discharge estimates from state-of-the-art remote sensing technology, the total river runoff (TRR) for the TP has never been reliably quantified, and its response to climate change remains unclear. As part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ “Pan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road,” the TP-River project aims to construct a comprehensive runoff observation network at mountain outlets (where rivers leave the mountains and enter the plains) for 13 major rivers in the TP region, thereby enabling TRR to be accurately quantified. The project also integrates discharge estimates from remote sensing and cryosphere–hydrology modeling to investigate long-term changes in TRR and the relationship between the TRR variations and westerly/monsoon. Based on recent efforts, the project provides the first estimate (656 ± 23 billion m3) of annual TRR for the 13 TP rivers in 2018. The annual river runoff at the mountain outlets varies widely between the different TP rivers, ranging from 2 to 176 billion m3, with higher values mainly corresponding to rivers in the Indian monsoon domain, rather than in the westerly domain.
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Salman, Nurcholis. "ANALYSIS AND MONITORING OF RIVER WATER QUALITY IN TASIKMALAYA CITY." Volume 5 No. 1 March 2021 5, no. 1 (February 20, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v5i1.3786.
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The rivers flowing through the City of Tasikmalaya include the Citanduy River, the Ciloseh River, the Ciwulan River and the Cibanjaran River. While the tributaries are the Cibanjaran River which include the Cihideung/ Dalem Suba River, the Cipedes River, the Ciromban River, the Cidukuh River, the Cicacaban River, the Cibadodon River, the Cikalang River, the Tonggong Londok River, the Cibeureum River and the Cimulu River. These rivers flow and empty into the Citanduy River. The aims and objectives of this study are environmental quality monitoring activities, especially the quality of river water in the Tasikmalaya City. To find out in more detail and carefully the level of pollution that occurs, this study aims to conduct water quality monitoring so that the resulting data can determine the source of pollutants that cause deterioration of river water quality. Monitoring was conducted during the rainy season and the dry season. Based on the monitoring, it appears that the river being monitored does not meet the quality standards as a class II water body with varying status ranging from lightly polluted to heavily polluted. Parameters that do not meet quality standards include TSS, BOD, COD, nitrite, Cr6+, Zn, free chlorine, Total Phosphate, oil and fat, E. Coli and Total Coliform.
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Vandenberghe, Jef, and Ming-ko Woo. "Modern and ancient periglacial river types." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 26, no. 4 (December 2002): 479–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133302pp349ra.
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Climate has been proposed conventionally as the primary factor that determines periglacial river activity (aggradation) and pattern (braided). This concept does not explain the rich diversity in river patterns and morphological processes in both the present and past periglacial environments: besides braided rivers and sandur, meandering, anabranching, transitional and deltaic rivers also occur. A first attempt is made to combine past and present periglacial river types with regard to their morphology, processes and environments. The processes that control river energy and morphology are discussed especially for periglacial conditions. This approach permits an assessment of the responses of periglacial rivers to climatic conditions and the modulation of the responses due to changes in the basin properties. Examples drawn from palaeo- and present-day periglacial rivers and environments demonstrate that there is no unique type of periglacial river but rather an azonal fluvial system with a number of periglacial variants.
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Legleiter, Carl, and Brandon Overstreet. "Measuring the Morphology and Dynamics of the Snake River by Remote Sensing." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 37 (January 1, 2014): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2014.4035.
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The Snake River is a prominent, central feature of Grand Teton National Park, and this dynamic fluvial system maintains diverse habitats while actively shaping the landscape. Although the riparian corridor is relatively pristine, the Snake River is by no means free from anthropogenic influences: streamflows have been regulated since 1907 by Jackson Lake Dam. Among dam-controlled rivers in the western U.S., the Snake River is unique in that tributaries entering below the dam supply sufficient coarse bed material to produce a braided morphology. As a result of tributary inputs, sediment flux along the Snake River has been relatively unaffected by Jackson Lake Dam, but flow regulation has reduced the magnitude and altered the timing of streamflows. In this study we are coupling an annual image time series with extensive field surveys to document channel changes occurring on the Snake River. Our objective is to quantify how snowmelt runoff events and flow management strategies influence patterns of sediment transfer and storage throughout the river system, with a particular focus on tributary junctions. More specifically, we are using the image sequence to identify areas of erosion and deposition and hence infer the sediment flux associated with the observed changes in channel morphology. This analysis will improve our understanding of the riverâs response to flow management and enable us to generate hypotheses as to how the system might adapt to future anthropogenic and/or climate-driven alterations in streamflow and sediment supply. In addition, our research on the Snake River involves an ongoing assessment of the potential to measure the morphology and dynamics of large, complex rivers via remote sensing. A new aspect of this investigation involves estimating flow velocities from hyperspectral images that capture the texture of the water surface. Extensive field measurements of velocity and water surface roughness are being used to develop this innovative approach and thus increase the amount of river information that can be inferred via remote sensing.
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Yang, Dongfang, Hong Zhu, Longlei Zhang, Qi Wang, and Haixia Li. "Spatiotemporal Variation of Pb Content Source Transportation in Jiaozhou Bay." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018502014.
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Based on research data of the Jiaozhou Bay waters in May, August, and October 1992, the current transportation process and the various sources of Pb contents in the Jiaozhou Bay water body were studied. According to the Yang Dongfang migration law of the content, the results show that: after the ocean current with high levels of Pb content enters the Jiaozhou Bay, spatial change process of the sources carrying Pb content in May, August and October is shown with the transportation of the ocean current. Also, the model block diagram is used to reveal the change process of Pb content imported by ocean currents into the waters of Jiaozhou Bay. The location, magnitude, type, and time of the four sources of Pb content in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay were determined, which are the transportation of ships and terminals, surface runoffs, rivers, and offshore currents. Pb content of surface runoff transport is relatively low, and the transport time is short. Whereas Pb content of the ship terminal is increasing, and the time of transportation is also raising. And the content of Pb transported by rivers is the highest, and it has been transporting from land to sea nonstop throughout the year. Offshore currents carry a very high level of Pb content and constantly transporting it to the water body with low content of Pb. During the year, ships and terminals, land, and rivers were heavily polluted by Pb content, as well as the entire ocean. Among the rivers entering the sea around Jiaozhou Bay, there are four main ones: Haibo River, Licun River, Loushan River, and Dagu River. The sequence of Pb content transported by the rivers from high to low is listed as following: Licun River>Loushan River>Dagu River>Haibo River. The delivery time of Pb content in Licun River is the longer as delivery time in Haibo River, Loushan River and Dagu River is the same. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the Pb content from river transportation.
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Santoso, Teguh, and Agus Sutanto. "PERBEDAAN KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROBENTOS SEBAGAI INDIKATOR BIOLOGI PENENTUAN KUALITAS AIR DI AREA PERKOTAAAN DAN DI PEDESAAAN LAMPUNG." BIOLOVA 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/biolova.v2i2.1087.
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This has not been known as a comparison of macrobentos diversity between rural and urban areas. Based on this, it is necessary to analyze the comparison of Macrobentos in the urban area with rural areas. The river which is in the analogues of urban areas is the river Way Belau (Bandar Lampung) and the river Well Putri (Bandar Lampung), while the river which is in the area of the river in the countryside is the Pasir Sakti (East Lampung) and the River Raman Pujodadi (Trimurjo). The purpose of this study is to compare the diversity of Macrobentos in urban areas with rural areap. The type of research in this article is descriptive. The conclusion of this study is that there is a difference in the diversity of macrobentos between rivers that exist in rural areas with rivers that exist in urban areas. The rivers in the village area nudge have more macro-bentos diversity compared to existing rivers in urban areas.
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Zhang, Wen Tao, Yi Xing, and Shao Yong Lu. "Distribution and Forms of Phosphorus in the Buffer Zone Sediments of Erhai Lake." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.567.
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Spatial distribution of phosphorus in the buffer zone sediments of 16 rivers around Erhai Lake was investigated in July 2013 and different rivers are classified by hierarchical cluster. The average contents of TP, IP, Ca-P and Fe/Al-P were 822.18mg/kg, 602.42mg/kg, 396.79mg/kg and 150.64mg/kg. IP is the dominant mineral form in surface sediments. The order of the average contents of TP and IP conjects to be: West>South>North, West>North>South, respectively. The spatial distribution of TP, Ca-P and Fe/Al-P in the sediments shows a significant positive correlation with that of IP. All 16 investigated rivers are divided into five types according to the hierarchical cluster analysis: Shuangyuanxi River is one type, Zhonghexi River and Mocanxi River are one type, Boluojiang River and Baihexi River are one type, Yangxi River is one type and the other rivers are one type.
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Kiraga, Marta, and Zbigniew Popek. "Using the River Habitat Survey method in forecasting effects of river restoration." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Land Reclamation 46, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sggw-2014-0011.
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Abstract Using the River Habitat Survey method in forecasting effects of river restoration. Research presents usability of the River Habitat Survey (RHS) evaluation method in forecasting effects of the Zielawa River restoration, performed in selected section between 18 + 960 km and 19 + 460 km. The EU so-called Water Framework Directive signalizes necessity of achieving a good ecological status of European rivers in the immediate future. Accordingly, river restoration is the main tool for already technically regulated rivers’ quality upgrading. Present research contains a collation of four proposed restoration works variants and the ecological evaluation of chosen river reach before and after initiating restoration works in accordance to various variants, using the RHS method. The conclusion is fact, that in dependence of established variant it is possible to receive improvement of ecological class from present Class V to Class IV (variants 1 and 2) or Class III (variants 3 and 4)
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Dunne, Kieran B. J., and Douglas J. Jerolmack. "What sets river width?" Science Advances 6, no. 41 (October 2020): eabc1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc1505.
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One of the simplest questions in riverine science remains unanswered: “What determines the width of rivers?” While myriad environmental and geological factors have been proposed to control alluvial river size, no accepted theory exists to explain this fundamental characteristic of river systems. We combine analysis of a global dataset with a field study to support a simple hypothesis: River geometry adjusts to the threshold fluid entrainment stress of the most resistant material lining the channel. In addition, we demonstrate how changes in bank strength dictate planform morphology by exerting strong control on channel width. Our findings greatly extend the applicability of threshold channel theory, which was originally developed to explain straight gravel-bedded rivers with uniform grain size and stable banks. The parsimonious threshold-limiting channel model describes the average hydraulic state of natural rivers across a wide range of conditions and may find use in river management, stratigraphy, and planetary science.
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Li, Jie, Lintong Huang, and Kai Zhu. "Ecological Health Assessment of an Urban River: The Case Study of Zhengzhou City, China." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (May 19, 2023): 8288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108288.
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Urban river ecological health assessment is an effective means to manage urban rivers, and combining principles of landscape ecology can provide new help for the ecological restoration of urban rivers and improving their ecosystem service value. From the perspective of important functions of ecosystems, based on typical sample site investigations of different river sections, questionnaire surveys, and remote sensing technology, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on the factor analysis method was used to construct an indicator system that can quantitatively reflect the ecological health of urban rivers. This comprehensive evaluation index system includes five major functions: social function, habitat and corridor function, water ecological function, water landscape function, and spatial enclosure function. The study identified key areas, key rivers, key river sections, and main indicator projects for the ecological restoration of the urban river landscape corridors in Zhengzhou. The study results also showed that the urban river landscape corridors in Zhengzhou have prominent problems in social function, water ecological function, and habitat and corridor function, and 62.1% of the river sections are currently in a sub-healthy state. The flood control function, eutrophication of water body, naturalization rate of revetment, and five other indicators in the old city district are significantly lower than those in the new city district, and the old city district should be the focus of the ecological restoration of urban river corridors. From the evaluation of the ecological health status of typical river sections, the Jinshui River and Xionger River have a larger number of river sections that urgently need restoration. This study provides a reference for the ecological restoration of urban rivers in Zhengzhou, a rapidly urbanizing region, and has reference significance for the construction of water landscapes in small and medium-sized cities with low levels of urbanization.
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Zhang, Huan, Hongyi Li, and Haojie Li. "Monitoring the Ice Thickness in High-Order Rivers on the Tibetan Plateau with Dual-Polarized C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar." Remote Sensing 14, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 2591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14112591.
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River ice on the Tibetan Plateau has important impacts on the ecosystem and hydrology. High-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an important tool for monitoring the thickness of river ice in high-altitude areas without ground data. However, due to the complex topography and narrow width, it remains challenging to monitor the ice thickness of high-order rivers (high-level branches in the plateau river system) on the Tibetan Plateau using SAR. Therefore, this paper focuses on inverting the ice thickness by utilizing dual-polarized C-band radar data. We select a typical watershed in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, namely, the Babao River basin (including the Babao River and Binggou River), as the study area. The results show the following: (1) Dual-polarized C-band radar data have the potential to monitor the ice thickness of high-order rivers. The RMSEs of the Babao and Binggou Rivers are 0.109 m and 0.258 m, respectively. (2) Ascending and descending orbit radar images perform differently in retrieving the ice thicknesses of rivers with different directions. (3) The thickness of river ice affects the inversion accuracy. (4) Polarization parameters have varying explanatory capacities depending on the river characteristics. Our findings can provide a reference for the subsequent development of highly generalizable river ice inversion equations using dual-polarized radar data.