Academic literature on the topic 'River (S. Aust.) Environmental aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "River (S. Aust.) Environmental aspects"
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Lacerda, Eulina Kelly Guilherme, Edevaldo Da Silva, and Rosália Severo Medeiros. "Socio-environmental and microbiological assessment of the river Piancó, Pombal, Brazil." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 38, no. 2 (October 24, 2016): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v38i2.29676.
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The River Piancó in the municipality of Pombal on the western stretch of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, receives contaminated effluents. Current assay evaluates the microbiological quality of the river water and analyzes the social and environmental aspects of the riverine community with regard to the water and its use of the river. The water´s microbiological quality was verified at four sites on the river in five two-monthly collections throughout the year (totaling 20 samples) for the following analyses: Most Probably Number (MPN), Total (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) and identification of Escherichia coli. The social and environmental aspects were assessed by a 15-question questionnaire given to thirty homes. Results report Fecal Coliforms (> 240 to > 1,100 MPN 100 mL-1), Total (> 93 to > 1,100 MPN 100 mL-1) and high concentrations of E. coli (> 898 to > 1,100 UFC 100 mL-1) in all the sampling sites. The river is frequented by the riverine people for home consumption, recreation and fishing. Conditions of the River Piancó, especially in the stretch that margins the town of Pombal, are highly critical and exceed the limits of current Brazilian legislation with regard to drinking and swimming conditions.
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Growns, Ivor, Iris Wing Tsoi, Mark Southwell, Sarah Mika, Sam Lewis, and Ben Vincent. "The effects of hydrology on macroinvertebrate traits in river channel and wetland habitats." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 24, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.024.04.12.
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Abstract Increased need for freshwater for human uses from the mid-1900s has severely impacted rivers and floodplain wetlands so that they are some of the most seriously degraded environments in the world. Research and monitoring in this area to date has focused on understanding ‘flow-ecology’ relationships, without investigating the mechanisms underlying them. The use of species traits offers a tool for defining mechanistic connections between biotic responses and environmental conditions. We examined nine macroinvertebrate trait categories in both wetlands and channels to determine whether their profiles responded to hydrology in the Gwydir River system in the northern Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Trait responses were shown for the wetlands but not the river channels. Twelve traits showed positive relationships with the time the wetlands were connected to their river channels. It is unclear the reason(s) why the river channel invertebrate traits did not respond to hydrology. However, the use of environmental flows in the river systems may be important to other aspects of macroinvertebrate assemblages such as their role in food webs to support higher-order consumers.
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Hsu, Shih-Ang (S A. ). "Some Aspects of Marine Meteorology and Air-Sea-Wetland-River Interactions During Hurricane Ida (2021)." Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 03, no. 04 (October 21, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204042.
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In August 2021 Hurricane Ida devastated southeast Louisiana. On the basis of numerous pertinent meteorological-oceanographic (met-ocean) information including datasets and graphics as supplied by various public agencies, several unique topics related to marine meteorology and air-sea-land interactions are investigated. It is found that a newly proposed revised relation between minimum sea-level pressure and maximum sustained wind speed is verified during Ida. Characteristics of the rapid intensification, defined as an increase in the sustained winds of a tropical cyclone (TC) of at least 30 knots in a 24-hour period, is presented. Severe wave steepness (≥1/20) was measured continuously for approximately 3 hours when the wind speed ranged between 35 to 45 m s<sup>-1</sup> at 38 m and the wave direction was from the east. Estimations for the wind stress on the wind-seas and a coastal wetland are presented. Finally, hydro-meteorological phenomena related to the Mississippi River flow reversal and the storm surges along the river levees are also revealed. For operational use, estimation methods and forecast formulas related to above topics are also provided.
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Jafari, Naser, Mohamad Nabavi, and Moslem Akhavan. "Ecological investigation of zooplankton abundance in the river Haraz, northeast Iran: Impact of environmental variables." Archives of Biological Sciences 63, no. 3 (2011): 785–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1103785j.
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The influence of physicochemical properties of Haraz river on its zooplankton composition and abundance were investigated at three sites for one year between August 2009 and July 2010. The present study records for the first time the aspects of zooplankton diversity and composition in relation to the physicochemical environment of the Haraz river. Only three groups of zooplankton were found: Rotifera with eighteen genera; Cladocera with nine and Copepoda with six genera. Rotifera was the predominant group (64.89%), followed by Cladocera (19.62%) and Copepoda (15.32%). Upstream, the abundance was 805 individuals/m3, while it varied from 922 to 1126 ind/m3 downstream. Alkaline pH and nutrients were the main environmental factors which affected zooplankton abundance in the river. Site variation in dominance, diversity, evenness and richness were calculated. The study revealed that the presence of certain species, such as Lepadella sp., Mesocyclops sp., Polyarthra sp. and Brachionus sp. is considered to be a biological indicator for eutrophication. The calculated Jack1 values of sites 1 to 3 were 7.624, 16.426 and 19.221, respectively. The Shannon-Wiever species diversity index (H?) values were also different for all the three sites viz., site 1 (1.992), site 2 (1.21) and site 3 (2.48). Simpson?s dominance index (H) value was highest at site 1 (0.692), indicating maximum dominance, whereas at site 3 dominance was the lowest (0.227) and diversity was the highest. Overall, our results showed that changes in the water quality of the river Haraz have considerable effects on the composition of zooplankton assemblages that can potentially affect the functioning of these ecosystems.
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Ceballos, B. S. O., N. E. Soares, M. R. Moraes, R. M. R. Catão, and A. Konig. "Microbiological aspects of an urban river used for unrestricted irrigation in the semi-arid region of north-east Brazil." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 3 (February 1, 2003): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0159.
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This study compared the behaviour of pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella and Listeria), faecal indicators (faecal coliforms FC and faecal streptococci FS), somatic coliphages and F-specific bacteriophages in an urban river contaminated with domestic sewage and surface run-off from agricultural and cattle grazing lands. The influence of physical and chemical parameters was also investigated as well as Salmonella and Listeria serotype diversity and drug resistance patterns. Faecal contamination was high (FC = 5 × 106 - 4 × 103 CFU/100 mL; FS = 4 × 105 - 2 × 102 CFU/100 mL) but decreased along the river by up to 99.5% following 47% reduction of BOD5 and 91% increase of DO, both associated with the self purification process. Somatic coliphages (6.9 × 105 - 1 × 103 PFU/100 mL) and F-specific bacteriophages (5.8 × 104 - 65 PFU/100 mL) behaved similarly with reductions of 99.85%. Salmonella and Listeria were isolated at all sampling points with highest frequencies (91-100%) at those with sewage discharge and rural water run-off. The lowest value (35%) occurred at the end of the river where it was (a) wider and shallower, (b) it ran slower and was warmer (29-33°C), (c) the pH was alkaline (8.2-9.9), (d) electrical conductivity (2,200-5,800 μS/cm) and DO (6-13 mg/L) were highest. Pathogen decline did not follow exactly FC and FS reduction patterns, while physical and chemical parameters apparently did not interfere with Salmonella and Listeria survival to the same extent as they did with FC and FS. Somatic coliphages and F-specific bacteriophages did not show more resistance than bacterial indicators. Catchment area contribution seemed to be more significant for pathogens than for indicators and rainy periods increased pathogenic isolation frequency. Five Salmonella serotypes and five serogroups were identified. S. hadar and serogroup E were predominant (50%); both are increasing in Brazil apparently from animal sources. Nearly 25% of Salmonella strains were resistant to at least one of twelve antimicrobials tested. Resistance to tetracycline was common (17%) followed by cefalotine (3%). Five Listeria serogroups were isolated and L. grayi (43%) and L. monocytogenes (9%) were present at all points. Listeria drug resistance rates were 100% for oxaciline followed by clindamicine (97%), tetracycline (34%) and vancomycin (32%). Both pathogenic bacterial strains presented resistance to the same drugs observed in humans and warm blood animals but the high number of sensitive strains and the low numbers of strains resistant to more than one drug was not expected because of the heavy anthropogenic impact in this basin.
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Cunha, Lucas Guerra Alves, and Eliane Maria Vieira. "Socio-environmental Vulnerability Analysis of the Piracicaba River Basin as an environmental indicator for the management of water resources." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, no. 4 (July 19, 2022): 1926. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.4.p1926-1946.
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The demographic growth makes the demand for spatial and for natural resources to increase exponentially, the lack of planning potentializes urban problems and puts at risk areas of great environmental importance. Studies of socio-environmental vulnerability consider natural and anthropic aspects, are preceded by a classification and organization of elements that make up the portion of space to be analyzed. The Piracicaba River sub-basin is fully inserted in the territory of Minas Gerais. They highlight in their region economic activities such as mining, steel and forestry. Such a development has been causing impacts on the quantity and quality of water in the basin. Due to the economic importance of the region, it is necessary to analyze multivariate and qualitative parameters demonstrating the situation of the area, providing subsidies for proposing actions that minimize impacts and protect places with a high degree of conservation. In this context, this work aims, through GIS tools, to use a methodology that correlates environmental and social parameters, classifying the socio-environmental vulnerability of the Piracicaba River watershed. The methodology used allowed to identify areas with similar vulnerability, the region of the source of the Piracicaba River had the greatest environmental vulnerabilities, the municipalities Timóteo and Ipatinga had the greatest social and socio-environmental vulnerabilities.Keywords: Fragility; Sustainability; Geoprocessing. Análise de Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental da bacia do rio Piracicaba como indicador ambiental para a gestão dos recursos hídricos R E S U M O O crescimento demográfico faz com que a demanda espacial e por recursos aumente de forma exponencial, a falta de planejamento potencializa os problemas urbanos e põem em risco áreas de grande importância ambiental. Estudos de vulnerabilidade socioambiental consideram diversos aspectos naturais e antrópicos, são precedidos por uma classificação e organização de elementos que compõem a porção do espaço a ser analisada. A sub-bacia do rio Piracicaba, afluente do Rio Doce, objeto deste estudo, está totalmente inserida no território de Minas Gerais. Se destacam em sua região atividades econômicas de extrema importância para a economia mineira e do país, podendo destacar a extração de recursos minerais, as indústrias siderúrgicas, e a silvicultura associada à indústria de carvão e celulose. Tamanho desenvolvimento da região vem acarretando impactos na quantidade e qualidade de água na bacia. Sendo assim devido à importância econômica da região e sua riqueza de recursos naturais, se faz necessário realizar análises multivariáveis e em parâmetros qualitativos demonstrando a real situação da área, e fornecer subsídios para a proposição de ações que possam minimizar tais impactos bem como proteger os locais que ainda se encontram em alto grau de conservação. Neste contexto este trabalho tem como objetivo através das ferramentas em SIG, utilizar uma metodologia que correlacione diversos parâmetros ambientais e sociais, e assim classificar a vulnerabilidade socioambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Piracicaba. A metodologia empregada permitiu identificar áreas com vulnerabilidade semelhante, a região da nascente do rio Piracicaba apresentou as maiores vulnerabilidades ambientais e os municípios Timóteo e Ipatinga apresentaram as maiores vulnerabilidade social e socioambiental.Palavras-chave: Fragilidade; Sustentabilidade; Geoprocessamento.
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Xu, Y., Nina Lam, and Kam-Biu Liu. "Assessing Resilience and Sustainability of the Mississippi River Delta as a Coupled Natural-Human System." Water 10, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101317.
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This book contains 14 articles selected from a special issue on the assessment of resilience and sustainability of the Mississippi River Delta as a coupled natural-human system. This effort is supported in part by a U. S. National Science Foundation grant. The goal of this book is to present some of the recent advances in research and research methodologies, major discoveries, and new understanding of the Mississippi River Delta, which represents one of the most challenging cases in finding the pathways for coastal resilience and sustainability because of the complexity of environmental and socioeconomic interactions. The articles are contributed by 39 researchers and they studied the deltaic system from five aspects including 1) riverine processes and sediment availability, 2) sediment deposition and land creation, 3) wetland loss, saltwater intrusion, and subsidence, 4) community resilience and planning, and 5) review and synthesis. As editors, by reviewing and putting these papers together, we have realized a major challenge in conducting an interdisciplinary assessment of resilience: How to identify a “Common Threshold” from different scientific disciplines for a highly nature-human intertwined river delta system? For instance, the threshold for sustaining a river delta in the view of physical sciences is different from that of social sciences. Such a common threshold would be a radical change and/or a collapse of a coupled natural-human delta system if nothing can be or will be done. Identifying the common threshold would help guide assessment and evaluation of the resilience of a CNH system as well as the feasibility and willingness of protecting the system’s resilience. We hope this book will be a first step toward inspiring researchers from different disciplines to work closely together to solve real problems in sustaining precious river delta ecosystems across the globe.
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Xu, Y., S. Yao, K. Soetaert, and X. Fan. "Effects of salt marsh restoration on eukaryotic microbenthic communities in the Yangtze Estuary." Marine Ecology Progress Series 638 (March 19, 2020): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13242.
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To fight invasion of Spartina alterniflora and conserve biodiversity of migratory shorebirds, several S. alterniflora marshes and bare mudflats have been restored back to Scirpus mariqueter marshes in the Yangtze River estuary in recent years. Although it is known that changes in plant cover in salt marshes alters the physical environment, findings on its effects on benthic communities are inconsistent and site-specific. In the present study, we tested how ciliates were influenced by a recent restoration. Ciliated protozoa play a key role in wetland benthic food webs and are useful bioindicators. We investigated 3 habitats: restored S. mariqueter meadow, S. alterniflora-invaded meadow, and bare mudflats, where we quantified environmental conditions, community composition (species and traits), and 3 aspects of biodiversity (classic, taxonomic, and functional diversity) over 4 seasons. CAP and ANOSIM were used to determine the differences among samples, while RDA and GLMs were used to reveal potential driving factors. We found that, although changes in the type of vegetation due to restoration or invasion significantly modified the sediment properties and ciliate species composition, it had limited influence on functional trait composition as well as on diversity, especially on functional diversity. These results indicate that the conversion of mudflats to S. mariqueter meadow did not affect ciliate community functions at the time scale of this study. However, biomonitoring based on microbenthic communities should be included when evaluating the long-term success of coastal wetland restoration.
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Sudarsana, Putu Brahmanda, I. Made Putra Arya Winata, and I. D. G. Ary Subagia. "Rancang bangun sistem penangkap sampah Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) berbasis integrasi screw conveyor dan sistem pemantauan menggunakan Internet of Things (IoT)." Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur 14, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jem.2021.v14.i01.p01.
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Waste material flowing in rivers creates several problems in various aspects, especially in environmental aspects. One of the waste-capturing mechanisms which is widely applied is the trash rack. However, studies show that trash racks have the potential to block river flow which increases the risk of flooding. This study proposes a screw conveyor-based waste capturing mechanism with a modification of the blade’s design resembling a trash rack and integrated with monitoring system using the internet of things. The research was conducted through three methods of virtual prototyping, the CAD (Computer-Aided Design) design method through calculation of machine elements and 3-dimensional design process using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2018 software, the design analysis method which includes computational fluid dynamics analysis and three-dimensional stress analysis using ANSYS software, as well as methods for designing and testing monitoring systems using the open-source NodeMCU board and Google Firebase real-time database. The result obtained from this research are the design and specifications of screw conveyor components, v-belt transmission systems, ball contact bearings, and electric motors with a waste-capturing capacity of 0.368 m3/s. The results of the design validation show that the velocity of water flowing through the design geometry is not significantly reduced and the design is able to withstand a combination of self-load and pressure loads due to water flow. The monitoring website has been able to display real-time sensor-acquired data.
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Raiol, Lucas Lima, Marilson Teixeira Ferreira, Dayla Carolina Rodrigues Santos, and Sanae Nogueira Hayashi. "Caracterização Morfométrica da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Caripi, Zona Costeira Amazônica." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, no. 5 (August 29, 2022): 2354. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.5.p2354-2370.
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A bacia hidrográfica é uma unidade ambiental de grande importância para o planejamento e gestão de recursos naturais, sobretudo por ser detentora de biodiversidade e do funcionamento das diversas atividades humanas. Diante disso, o estudo morfométrico de bacias auxilia na tomada de decisão e na gestão de recursos hídricos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar as características morfométricas da bacia hidrográfica do rio Caripi, zona costeira amazônica, no estado do Pará. Foi utilizada técnicas de geoprocessamento para calcular os índices morfométricos, bem como a confecção dos mapas. A bacia do rio Caripi possui uma área de 475,26 km², seu formato é alongado, menos sujeita a inundações e apresenta um padrão de drenagem dendrítica com hierarquia fluvial de quarta ordem. A bacia apresentou valores de drenagem consideradas baixa e com pouca aptidão a formação de novos canais, indicando também um escoamento mais lento, maior infiltração da água no solo e maior tempo de concentração devido aos aspectos geomorfológicos e de relevo. O relevo da bacia é composto em sua maioria por áreas planas (41,87%) e suave ondulado (48,50%), possuindo uma amplitude altimétrica de 70,03 metros, e maior taxa de evapotranspiração de acordo com a orientação da vertente do terreno. Desse modo a pesquisa é essencial para dar subsídio ao planejamento hidrológico e ambiental da bacia do rio Caripi.Palavras-chave: Análise Hidrológica; Geoprocessamento; Planejamento Ambiental. Morphometric Characterization of the Caripi River Hydrographic Basin, Amazon Coastal ZoneA B S T R A C TThe hydrographic basin is an environmental unit of great importance for the planning and management of natural resources, above all because it holds biodiversity and the functioning of various human activities. Therefore, the morphometric study of basins helps in decision making and management of water resources. In this sense, the aim of the work was to analyse the morphometric characteristics of the hydrographic basin of the Caripi river, in the Amazon coastal zone, in the state of Pará. Geoprocessing techniques were used to calculate the morphometrics index, as well as the preparation of maps. The Caripi river basin has an area of 475.26 km², its shape is elongated, less subject to flooding and presents a dendritic drainage pattern with fourth-order river hierarchy. The basin presented drainage values considered low and with little aptitude for the formation of new channels, also indicating a slow runoff, greater water infiltration into the soil and longer concentration time due to geomorphological and relief aspects. The relief of the basin is composed mostly of flat areas (41.87%) and smooth wavy (48.50%), having an altimetric amplitude of 70.03 meters, and a higher evapotranspiration rate according to the orientation of the slope of the terrain. Thus, research is essential to support the hydrological and environmental planning of the Caripi river basin.Keywords: Hydrological Analysis; Geoprocessing; Environmental Planning
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "River (S. Aust.) Environmental aspects"
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Dwyer, Brian James. "Aspects of governance and public participation in remediation of the Murray-Darling Basin /." View thesis, 2004. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20060517.130206/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004."A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Western Sydney, Sydney, January 2004." Includes bibliography : leaves 359 - 369.
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Reid, Elizabeth. "Of leisure, learning and leviathan : enhancing the use of interpretation in Australian whale watching /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr3544.pdf.
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French, Rachel. "Modelling urban runoff : volume and pollutant concentration of the Barker Inlet Wetland Catchment." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensf875.pdf.
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Bibliography :leaves 158-171. A monitoring program, funded by the South Australian government (through the former MFP Development Corporation), was established to monitor the quality and quantity of storm water entering and leaving the wetland. This study formed part of the funded program. Simple regression models were developed; and will assist in the monitoring of performance of the wetland to alleviate the pollutant load into the Barker Inlet.
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Jankovic-Karasoulos, Tanja. "A case study of the physical, chemical and biological factors affecting dissolved organic carbon in the Warren Reservoir, South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj339.pdf.
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Loo, Maylene G. K. "Effects of wastewater effluent on macrobenthic infaunal communities at Christies Beach, South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl8625.pdf.
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Clarke, Sharyn Beth. "The creation of the Torrens : a history of Adelaide’s river to 1881." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/70153.
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This thesis examines the destruction of the Torrens River as a natural river ecology and its recreation as an artificial one. The fragile watercourse was transformed in the nineteenth century into an artificial lake on a European scale. The author presents the reasons behind the changes which took place, covering both physical changes and society’s altering conceptions of the river. The period of study ranges from the Kaurna people’s life, which adapted around the river they called Karrawirraparri, to the damming of the river in 1881.Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 2005
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Weir, Jessica Kate. "Murray River country : an ecological dialogue with traditional owners." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150474.
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Kilsby, Nadine N. "Reach-scale spatial hydraulic diversity in lowland rivers: characterisation, measurement and significance for fish." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/49904.
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Hydraulic conditions (velocity, depth, turbulence) strongly influence the distribution and abundance of organisms in rivers. A diverse hydraulic environment should foster biodiversity, because organisms have different hydraulic preferences. In fact, the relationship between spatial hydraulic diversity and biodiversity is largely presumed, and not well-supported by empirical studies, but it underpins efforts in river restoration and conservation. This is particularly so at the reach scale, indicating a stream- or river-section with large-scale homogeneous geomorphic and hydrological conditions and smaller-scale habitat patches, as perceived by organisms in the community under study. This thesis considers the factors that create spatial hydraulic diversity, and the ways that fish respond. It presents a method to characterise hydraulic diversity, and uses this to describe temporal and spatial changes between reaches. It also demonstrates the use of hydraulic modelling for comparing reaches. Finally, it assesses the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) as a method to describe hydraulic conditions in a large, open river channel. Swimming ability tests were applied to three small freshwater fish, the pelagic Australian smelt (Retropinna semoni) and common galaxias (Galaxias maculatus ) and the demersal flathead gudgeon (Philypnodon grandiceps). The latter species was the weaker swimmer, but the tests indicated that behaviour also should be considered. A laboratory experiment was designed to investigate how two species with contrasting ecological habits (common galaxias, flathead gudgeon) behave in a diverse hydraulic environment. Habitat choices and activity were monitored in a constructed sinuous channel at three discharges over a 3-hour period. The galaxias favoured the pelagic habitat, and spent 20-60% of the time cruising, whereas the flathead gudgeon preferred the demersal habitat and spent <6% of the time cruising. The flathead gudgeons could access their preferred habitat at all discharges, but the common galaxias were limited by their swimming ability at the highest discharge. Several methods to characterise reaches were compared for eight 3-D model reaches representing the effects of channel form, wood and aquatic plants. The variogram (a measure of the variance between samples as a function of distance) emerged as a superior method because it indicates hydraulic diversity, incorporates the spatial arrangement of hydraulic patches, and facilitates comparisons between reaches. The ADCP proved a quick, reliable means to measure depth and 3-D velocity in rivers. It was effective only in depths >1.5 m, but modified instrumentation may overcome this limitation. Six reaches, including weir-pool and free-flowing sections, were compared at two discharges in the River Murray, Australia. Variograms derived from the ADCP data clearly demonstrated spatial differences between the sections, but temporal differences were less well-defined, suggesting that reaches may retain characteristic hydraulic patterns despite changes in discharge. Opportunities for further research include: the issue of optimal levels of hydraulic diversity for fish and other biota; use of variograms as a tool for field studies of aquatic biota; and measuring reach-scale hydraulic diversity and biodiversity before and after reach manipulation (e.g. the placement of wood), to elucidate the effects of changes in spatial hydraulic diversity on reach biodiversity.http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1344602
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2008
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Kilsby, Nadine N. "Reach-scale spatial hydraulic diversity in lowland rivers: characterisation, measurement and significance for fish." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/49904.
Full textAbstract:
Hydraulic conditions (velocity, depth, turbulence) strongly influence the distribution and
abundance of organisms in rivers. A diverse hydraulic environment should foster
biodiversity, because organisms have different hydraulic preferences. In fact, the
relationship between spatial hydraulic diversity and biodiversity is largely presumed, and
not well-supported by empirical studies, but it underpins efforts in river restoration and
conservation. This is particularly so at the reach scale, indicating a stream- or river-section
with large-scale homogeneous geomorphic and hydrological conditions and smaller-scale
habitat patches, as perceived by organisms in the community under study.
This thesis considers the factors that create spatial hydraulic diversity, and the ways that
fish respond. It presents a method to characterise hydraulic diversity, and uses this to
describe temporal and spatial changes between reaches. It also demonstrates the use of
hydraulic modelling for comparing reaches. Finally, it assesses the Acoustic Doppler
Current Profiler (ADCP) as a method to describe hydraulic conditions in a large, open river
channel.
Swimming ability tests were applied to three small freshwater fish, the pelagic Australian
smelt (Retropinna semoni) and common galaxias (Galaxias maculatus ) and the demersal
flathead gudgeon (Philypnodon grandiceps). The latter species was the weaker swimmer,
but the tests indicated that behaviour also should be considered.
A laboratory experiment was designed to investigate how two species with contrasting
ecological habits (common galaxias, flathead gudgeon) behave in a diverse hydraulic
environment. Habitat choices and activity were monitored in a constructed sinuous channel
at three discharges over a 3-hour period. The galaxias favoured the pelagic habitat, and
spent 20-60% of the time cruising, whereas the flathead gudgeon preferred the demersal
habitat and spent <6% of the time cruising. The flathead gudgeons could access their
preferred habitat at all discharges, but the common galaxias were limited by their
swimming ability at the highest discharge.
Several methods to characterise reaches were compared for eight 3-D model reaches
representing the effects of channel form, wood and aquatic plants. The variogram (a
measure of the variance between samples as a function of distance) emerged as a superior
method because it indicates hydraulic diversity, incorporates the spatial arrangement of
hydraulic patches, and facilitates comparisons between reaches.
The ADCP proved a quick, reliable means to measure depth and 3-D velocity in rivers. It
was effective only in depths >1.5 m, but modified instrumentation may overcome this
limitation.
Six reaches, including weir-pool and free-flowing sections, were compared at two
discharges in the River Murray, Australia. Variograms derived from the ADCP data clearly
demonstrated spatial differences between the sections, but temporal differences were less
well-defined, suggesting that reaches may retain characteristic hydraulic patterns despite
changes in discharge.
Opportunities for further research include: the issue of optimal levels of hydraulic diversity
for fish and other biota; use of variograms as a tool for field studies of aquatic biota; and
measuring reach-scale hydraulic diversity and biodiversity before and after reach
manipulation (e.g. the placement of wood), to elucidate the effects of changes in spatial
hydraulic diversity on reach biodiversity.Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2008
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Bjornsson, Kjartan Tumi. "Regional scale modelling of the lower River Murray wetlands: a model for the assessment of nutrient retention of floodplain wetlands pre- and post-management." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/47936.
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Most of the lower River Murray and its floodplain wetlands are impacted upon by degradation caused by river regulation. Increasingly the restoration of these ecosystems and the river water quality has become a high priority for federal and state governments and associated departments and agencies. Public concern is adding to the pressures on these departments and agencies to restore these ecosystems and to sustainably maintain the river water quality. The long term monitoring of floodplain wetlands has been limited, compounding the difficulties faced by managers and decision makers on assessing the potential outcome of restoration options. The role of this project in the broad scheme of restoration/rehabilitation is to contribute to the construction of a model capable of increasing managers and decision makers understanding, and build consensus of potential outcomes of management option. This model was to use available data. The developed model, based on WETMOD developed by Cetin (2001), simulates wetland internal nutrient processes, phytoplankton, zooplankton and macrophyte biomass as well as the interaction (nutrient and phytoplankton exchange) between wetlands and the river. The model further simulates the potential impact management options have on the wetlands, and their nutrient retention capacity, and therefore their impact on the river nutrient load. Due to the limitation of data, wetlands were considered in categories for which data was available. Of these two had sufficient data to develop, calibrate and validate the model. Management scenarios for these two wetlands were developed. These scenarios included, the impact of returning a degraded wetland in a turbid state to a rehabilitated clear state, and the impact the removal of nutrient from irrigation drainage inflows has on wetland nutrient retention, and consequent input to the river. Scenarios of the cumulative impact of the management of multiple wetlands were developed based on using these two wetlands, for which adequate data was available, as “exemplar” wetlands, i.e. data from these wetlands were substituted for other similar wetlands (those identified as belonging to the same category). The model scenarios of these multiple wetlands provide some insight into the potential response management may have on individual wetlands, the cumulative impact on river nutrient load and how wetland morphology may relate to management considerations. The model is restricted by data availability and consequently the outputs. Further, some limitations identified during the development of the model need to be addressed before it can be applied for management purposes. However, the model and methods provide a guide by which monitoring efforts can assist in developing future modelling assessments and gain a greater insight not only at the monitoring site but also on a landscape scale.http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1320131
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2008
Books on the topic "River (S. Aust.) Environmental aspects"
1
Murray River country: An ecological dialogue with traditional owners. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 2009.
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2
The Murray: A river and its people. Carlton South, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 2001.
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3
Robert Peccia & Associates. Finding of no significant impact on the final environmental assessment and "nationwide" section 4(f) evaluation for the East River Road - S of Emigrant project: STPS 540-1(10)0; CN 3885 Park County, Montana. Helena, Mont.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2003.
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4
Weir, Jessica K. Murray River Country: An Ecological Dialogue with Traditional Owners. Aboriginal Studies Press, 2009.
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Weir, Jessica K. Murray River Country: An Ecological Dialogue with Traditional Owners. Aboriginal Studies Press, 2009.
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6
Weir, Jessica K. Murray River Country: An Ecological Dialogue with Traditional Owners. Aboriginal Studies Press, 2009.
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7
Sinclair, Paul. The Murray: A River and Its People. Melbourne University Publishing, 2002.
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8
Sinclair, Paul. The Murray: A River and Its People. Melbourne University Publishing, 2002.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "River (S. Aust.) Environmental aspects"
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Mayeed, Mohammed S., Golam M. Newaz, Dallin Hall, and Davison Elder. "Comparison of Tidal Current Turbine Designs in Several High Speed Locations Around the United States." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50191.
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Tidal current energy is regarded as one of the most promising alternative energy resources for its minimal environmental footprint and high-energy density. The device used to harness tidal current energy is the tidal current turbine, which shares similar working principle with wind turbines. The high load factors resulting from the fluid properties and the predictable resource characteristics make marine currents particularly attractive for power generation. There is a paucity of information regarding various key aspects of system design encountered in this relatively new area of research. Not much work has been done to determine the characteristics of turbines running in water for kinetic energy conversion even though relevant work has been carried out on ship’s propellers, wind turbines and on hydro turbines. None of these three well established areas of technology completely overlap with this new field so that gaps remain in the state of knowledge. A tidal current turbine rated at 1–3 m/s in water can result in four times as much energy per year/m2 of rotor swept area as similarly rated power wind turbine. Areas with high marine current flows commonly occur in narrow straits, between islands, and around. There are many sites worldwide with current velocities around 2.5 m/s, such as near the UK, Italy, the Philippines, and Japan. In the United States, the Florida Current and the Gulf Stream are reasonably swift and continuous currents moving close to shore in areas where there is a demand for power. In this study tidal current turbines are designed for several high tidal current areas around USA for a tidal current speed range from 1 m/s to 2.5 m/s. Several locations around USA are considered, e.g. the Gulf Stream; Mississippi River, St. Clair’s river connecting Lake Huron to Lake St. Clair’s; Colorado River within Cataract Canyon etc. Tidal current turbines can be classified as either horizontal or vertical axis turbines. In this study several designs from both the classifications are considered and modeled using SolidWorks. Hydrodynamic analysis is performed using SolidWorks Flow simulation software, and then optimization of the designs is performed based on maximizing the starting rotational torque and ultimate power generation capacity. From flow simulations, forces on the tidal current turbine blades and structures are calculated, and used in subsequent stress analysis using SolidWorks Simulation software to confirm structural integrity. The comparative results from this study will help in the systematic optimization of the tidal current turbine designs at various locations.