Relevant bibliographies by topics / River Ganga

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'River Ganga'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "River Ganga"

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Bhargava, Devendra Swaroop. "Nature and the Ganga." Environmental Conservation 14, no. 4 (1987): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900016829.

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The Ganga's unique and numerous virtues appear to be based on myths, but the reasons for its importance are traceable to scientific premises. The Ganga, symbolizing Indian culture and civilization, is regarded by the Hindus as the holiest amongst the rivers, and it is the Indo-Gangetic plain's most significant river owing to its mighty basin and course, and extraordinarily high self-purifying powers. The Ganga originates from Gangori in the Uttrakhand Himalayan glacier as an upland stream, emerges as a river of the plains at Rishikesh, and, after traversing almost the entirety of India from West to East, finally merges into the Bay of Bengal.
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Ghildyal, Divya, and Manisha Chaudhary. "Seasonal Variations of pH and Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations in Major Rivers of Uttar Pradesh." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2570, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2570/1/012013.

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Abstract The variations in pH and Dissolve Oxygen (DO) concentrations were analysed in surface river water samples for three seasons Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon and Autumn (January to December 2022) for four major rivers Ganga, Yamuna, Gomti and Hindon flowing through Uttar Pradesh, India. For river Ganga pH range varied from 7.65 to 8.47 and DO varied from 6.4mg/l to 9.26mg/l. For river Yamuna pH range varied from 7.31 to 10.5 and DO varied from 0 to 8.1mg/l. Gomti river showed, pH range between 7.2 to 8.48, while DO varied from 0.63mg/l to 8.4mg/l. For, river Hindon, pH varied from 6.8 to 7.66 and DO observed was between 0 to 1.8mg/l. Correlation Matrix showed a significant weak positive correlation between pH and DO for all three seasons for rivers Ganga and Yamuna, while river Gomti showed a significant weak positive correlation in Pre-Monsoon and Monsoon season, and a weak negative correlation in Autumn lastly river Hindon showed weak negative correlation between pH and DO for Pre-Monsoon, and Monsoon and a weak positive significant correlation for Autumn season. Dissolved Oxygen was found in good concentration in river Ganga, and almost nilfor river Hindon. An increasing trend line for DO was observed for rivers Ganga and Yamuna while river Gomti showed a constant trend line lastly river Hindon showed almost nil DO. This study helped to identify the variations of pH and DO, and also to find the correlation between them for Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon and Autumn seasons for the river water samples. The study will prove helpful for designing of water treatment plants accompanying seasonal variations.
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Thakur, P. K., P. R. Dhote, A. Roy, S. P. Aggarwal, B. R. Nikam, V. Garg, A. Chouksey, et al. "SIGNIFICANCE OF REMOTE SENSING BASED PRECIPITATION AND TERRAIN INFORMATION FOR IMPROVED HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION IN PARTS OF HIMALAYAN RIVER BASINS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-911-2020.

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Abstract. The Himalayan region are home to the world’s youngest and largest mountains, and origins of major rivers systems of South Asia. The present work highlight the importance of remote sensing (RS) data based precipitation and terrain products such as digital elevation models, glacier lakes, drainage morphology along with limited ground data for improving the accuracy of hydrological and hydrodynamic (HD) models in various Himalayan river basins such as Upper Ganga, Beas, Sutlej, Teesta, Koshi etc. The satellite based rainfall have mostly shown under prediction in the study area and few places have are also showing over estimation of rainfall. Hydrological modeling results were most accurate for Beas basin, followed by Upper Ganga basin and were least matching for Sutlej basin. Limited ground truth using GNSS measurements showed that digital elevation model (DEM) for carto version 3.1 is most accurate, followed by ALOS-PALSAR 12.5 DEM as compared to other open source DEMs. Major erosion and deposition was found in Rivers Bhagirathi, Alakhnanda, Gori Ganga and Yamuna in Uttarakhand state and Beas and Sutlej Rivers in Himachal Pradesh using pre and post flood DEM datasets. The terrain data and river cross section data showed that river cross sections and water carrying capacity before and after 2013 floods have changed drastically in many river stretches of upper Ganga and parts of Sutlej river basins. The spatio-temporal variation and evolution of glacier lakes was for lakes along with GLOF modeling few lakes of Upper Chenab, Upper Ganga, Upper Teesta and Koshi river basin was done using time series of RS data from Landsat, Sentinel-1 and Google earth images.
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Singh, Gurnam, and Naresh Kumar Agarwal. "Fishing methods in upper Ganga River system of Central Himalaya, India." Journal of Fisheries 2, no. 3 (December 6, 2014): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/jfish.v2i3.2014.43.

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Present study on fishing methods in the upper Ganga River system was conducted during the period 2010-2012. Upper Ganga river system consists of two major rivers basins viz. Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers and number of their 1st and 2nd order tributaries which flows through Garhwal region (Central Himalaya). This large network of fluvial water resources harbours rich Ichthyofaunal diversity. The varied potential of fish resources from these water bodies permits the utilization of wide array of fishing methods. Most of the fishing methods of the Garhwal region are primitive, based on indigenous traditional knowledge and well suited to turbulent nature of the streams. In present study eighteen fishing methods and gears have been documented from the upper Ganga River system. Study observed season, habitat and species specificity of the fishing methods. The utilization of crude and unscientific fishing methods is frequent in the streams of remote areas resulting into decline in fish resource. All the fishing methods employed in upper Ganga River system are classified into four types. The classification is based on their utilisation up to the level which will allow the sustainable harvesting and proper management of valuable fish resources.
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Singh, Gurnam, and Naresh Kumar Agarwal. "Fishing methods in upper Ganga River system of Central Himalaya, India." Journal of Fisheries 2, no. 3 (December 6, 2014): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.90.

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Present study on fishing methods in the upper Ganga River system was conducted during the period 2010-2012. Upper Ganga river system consists of two major rivers basins viz. Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers and number of their 1st and 2nd order tributaries which flows through Garhwal region (Central Himalaya). This large network of fluvial water resources harbours rich Ichthyofaunal diversity. The varied potential of fish resources from these water bodies permits the utilization of wide array of fishing methods. Most of the fishing methods of the Garhwal region are primitive, based on indigenous traditional knowledge and well suited to turbulent nature of the streams. In present study eighteen fishing methods and gears have been documented from the upper Ganga River system. Study observed season, habitat and species specificity of the fishing methods. The utilization of crude and unscientific fishing methods is frequent in the streams of remote areas resulting into decline in fish resource. All the fishing methods employed in upper Ganga River system are classified into four types. The classification is based on their utilisation up to the level which will allow the sustainable harvesting and proper management of valuable fish resources.
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Bharati, Priyank. "Archaic Route of Budhi Ganga Formerly Known As River Ganga." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38841.

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Abstract: The present route of Budhi Ganga starts from Ishaqwala and reaches Hastinapur via Saifpur Firozpur.Based on preliminary survey, the Budhi Ganga starts from Ishaqwala. On the old road, we still get to see many ancient temples such as Siddha Peeth Shiva temple in Saifpur Firozpur, Pandeshwar temple in Hastinapur, Karna Ghat temple and Draupadi Ghat temple, maybe even as far as Garhmukteshwar many more temples find in the way. The ancient route of the Ganges in Saifpur Firozpur was spread over a considerable area, the evidence of which is present even today. In this research paper, many small evidences including these facts have been presented, which may not have been done in the past. Keywords : Dewal , Ishaqwala , Budhi Ganga, Hastinapur
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Chunnu Lal, Et al. "Water Quality Prediction of Ganga River using Time-series Models." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 9 (November 5, 2023): 4845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9.10080.

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Life of Living organism have present on the earth depends on Water. Water Quality is also equally important as Water. Ganga river is fulfilling the needs of water of a large population of India. Being a citizen of India it’s our responsibility to keep the Ganga River neat & clean. A large number of governments funded base stations available for forecasting the Water Quality of ganga river. But there is a need of low-cost prediction techniques of water quality based on data available from these base stations. It can help the government to take the necessary decisions to cure the water quality of Ganga River & save the lives of many livings’ organism depends on Ganga River. Monitoring & forecasting of water quality of Ganga River is most important because ganga river is the main source of drinking water of a large population of India. In this paper two time series-based models such as Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) have been used to predict the water quality of Ganga River. The models are developed on water quality data available of 10 base stations on the Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board’s official website. Four water quality parameters-Temp, pH, DO, BOD data is used for models training & calculating WQI (Water Quality Index). The result of experiment shows that SARIMA model predict the water quality parameters as well as Water Quality Index (WQI) more accurately.
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Jain, C. K., and Surya Singh. "Impact of climate change on the hydrological dynamics of River Ganga, India." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 1 (May 9, 2018): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.029.

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Abstract Rivers provide innumerable ecosystem services to mankind. However, anthropogenic activities have inflicted a host of pressures to the riverine ecosystems. Climate change is also one of the human induced consequences which is of serious concern. A number of studies have predicted devastating effects of climate change. In the Indian context, where a river such as the Ganga is already suffering from industrial and municipal waste disposal, unhygienic rituals, and other activities, effects of climate change may further aggravate the situation. Climate change will not only result in disasters, but effects on water quality, biodiversity, and other ecological processes also cannot be denied. In this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the effects of climatic change on the dynamics of River Ganga. The study focuses on the impacts on fundamental ecological processes, river water quality, effect on species composition, and hydropower potential etc. The paper also discusses management aspects and research needs for rejuvenation of the River Ganga.
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Hasan, Nabi, Rais Ahmad Khan, and Jafar Iqbal. "River Ganga repository: An initiative towards the collection and dissemination of knowledge on the River Ganga." International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology 7, no. 4 (2017): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-5576.2017.00031.0.

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Ray, Archisman, Basanta Kumar Das, Dibakar Bhakta, Canciyal Johnson, Shreya Roy, Subhadeep Das Gupta, Soumya Prasad Panda, and Raju Baitha. "Stock Status of a Few Small Indigenous Fish Species Exploited in the River Ganga, India." Fishes 8, no. 12 (November 23, 2023): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8120572.

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The River Ganga produces a substantial amount of its fish from small native species, defined here as those with a maximum length of 25 cm. The FiSAT program was utilized to estimate stock assessments of four important small indigenous species from the River Ganga: Johnius coitor, Cabdio morar, Salmostoma bacaila, and Gudusia chapra. Fish samples were collected monthly for a year (April 2020–May 2021) from four predetermined sampling sites along the River Ganga (Farakka, Berhampore, Balagarh, and Tribeni) in West Bengal, India. The estimated exploitation rate for Johnius coitor, Salmostoma bacaila, and Gudusia chapra was relatively lower than the optimum level of 0.5 and considerably lower than Emax values, indicating that their stocks are experiencing low fishing pressure in the region. The FiSAT results indicated that the species Cabdio morar was found to be heavily exploited. The total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), and fishing mortality (F) rates for all four of the SIF species were examined, and they were contrasted with data from previous studies. On the lower stretch of the River Ganga, all of the fish stocks are optimally exploited (Eopt), except for the species Cabdio morar. The population dynamics of all of the species have been described for the first time on the lower stretch of the River Ganga. According to the findings, all of the fish stocks throughout the lower stretch of River Ganga are optimally exploited (Eopt), except for Cabdio morar. The study also emphasizes the importance of increasing sustainable fishing efforts, focusing on SIFs throughout the lower stretch of the River Ganga in order to safeguard the livelihood and nutritional status of fishermen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "River Ganga"

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Kommana, Karteek. "Pollution in River Ganga-Problems and Prospects in Varanasi, India." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171799.

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Major rivers in developing countries around the world are heavily loaded with pollutants. According to the UN Water Statistics around 2 million tons of waste is dumped into rivers daily. In the developing countries 70 % of the industrial waste is diverted into the water courses without treating daily. In particular in Asia where more than half of the world population is living, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) estimates that five major rivers in Asia aid over 870 million people are the most endanger in the world. In India over the past 50 years the population and economic growth leads to increasing pressure on the water recources. It is expected that the population of India would be 1.4 billion by 2024. Till today wide range of research is being undertaken on the pollution problem of Ganga River. Many scientists and NGOs are trying to study the condition of Ganga water by measuring metals, chemical pollutants, coli form bacteria…etc. Government of India has officially launched Ganga Action Plan (GAP-1) during April 1985 and GAP-2 in February 1991to reduce the pollution of Ganga River. Even though lot of research is going on to decrease the pollution load, no significant change has occurred. The main aim of this project is to identify gaps in current efforts and to suggest measures to sustainably resolve the problem. There are six highly polluted cities on the bank of the river with different type of pollution loads they are Rishikesh, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna and Calcutta. Out of the all the cities Varanasi has a distinctive pollution fill to the river over the belt of the river that you can find a lot of dead bodies flowing on the river. On March 4th 2010, the Government of India approved to implement "Mission Clean Ganga" project to control the pollution sources on Ganga River in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Uttarkhand and West Bengal. Government has approved highest budget to Varanasi, 490.90 Crore Indian Rupees which clearly emphasizes how severally the water is polluted in Varanasi. This situation inspires me to concentrate on Varanasi in my project. During this project I visited Varanasi to study the current situation in collaboration with Sankat Mochan Foundation, a NGO organization whose aim is "Not A Drop Of Sewage In Ganga In The Religious Bathing Area Around It".
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Saha, Snehasish. "Bank erosion of the river Ganga in between Rajmahal and Farakka." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/831.

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Mingo, Christopher Dominic. "Perceptions of gang violence in an Elsies River primary school in the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 1999. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Philippe, Guillaume, and Guillaume Philippe. "Impacts d'une variabilité climatique changeante sur la morphologie de berges des chenaux du delta du Gange-Bramapoutre-Meghna et leurs conséquences en zones densément peuplées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26865.

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Les changements climatiques, au niveau de la variabilité du climat, se font ressentir un peu partout à travers le globe que ce soit par le décalage des saisons, une variation des précipitations ou l'augmentation des températures. Certaines régions telles que le delta du Gange-Brahmapoutre-Meghna subissent au quotidien les impacts de ces variations. Quatre grandes perturbations environnementales chamboulent cette dynamique dans cette grande région du delta du GANGE-BRAHMAPOUTRE-MEGHNA : le changement du régime des précipitations, la fonte des glaciers causée par la hausse des températures moyennes annuelles, l'augmentation du niveau marin moyen et les perturbations climatiques extrêmes ponctuelles. Ces perturbations transforment le trait de côte, d'une manière directe ou indirecte. Cette fragilité des berges devient problématique dans un environnement urbain à forte densité. Nos résultats mettent en évidence que, dans un contexte de variabilité climatique changeant et de densité de population croissante, la région du delta du GANGE-BRAHMAPOUTRE-MEGHNA souffre d'une perte de terre viable entraînant des déplacements de populations. Certaines villes ont connu une augmentation de leur population allant au-delà de 1000% sur la période de 1921-2011. L'analyse de photographies aériennes sur la période 2001- 2013 montre un accroissement de l'étendue des zones urbaines, mais aussi du mouvement des berges. Sur une période plus récente, on constate même que de nouveaux quartiers ont été construits dans les zones inondées de 2004.
Les changements climatiques, au niveau de la variabilité du climat, se font ressentir un peu partout à travers le globe que ce soit par le décalage des saisons, une variation des précipitations ou l'augmentation des températures. Certaines régions telles que le delta du Gange-Brahmapoutre-Meghna subissent au quotidien les impacts de ces variations. Quatre grandes perturbations environnementales chamboulent cette dynamique dans cette grande région du delta du GANGE-BRAHMAPOUTRE-MEGHNA : le changement du régime des précipitations, la fonte des glaciers causée par la hausse des températures moyennes annuelles, l'augmentation du niveau marin moyen et les perturbations climatiques extrêmes ponctuelles. Ces perturbations transforment le trait de côte, d'une manière directe ou indirecte. Cette fragilité des berges devient problématique dans un environnement urbain à forte densité. Nos résultats mettent en évidence que, dans un contexte de variabilité climatique changeant et de densité de population croissante, la région du delta du GANGE-BRAHMAPOUTRE-MEGHNA souffre d'une perte de terre viable entraînant des déplacements de populations. Certaines villes ont connu une augmentation de leur population allant au-delà de 1000% sur la période de 1921-2011. L'analyse de photographies aériennes sur la période 2001- 2013 montre un accroissement de l'étendue des zones urbaines, mais aussi du mouvement des berges. Sur une période plus récente, on constate même que de nouveaux quartiers ont été construits dans les zones inondées de 2004.
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Lupker, Maarten. "Dynamique sédimentaire, érosion physique et altération chimique dans le système himalayen." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL038N/document.

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L'altération chimique de la croûte terrestre fournit à l'ensemble des cycles bio-géochimiques de la surface les éléments essentiels à leur fonctionnement. L'érosion de grands orogènes, comme la chaîne Himalayenne s'accompagne de flux d'érosion et d'altération significatifs, susceptibles d'avoir un impact à l'échelle globale. L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre comment les processus physiques et chimiques façonnent le signal sédimentaire afin de quantifier l'érosion et l'altération actuelle ainsi que leur variations passées. L'étude détaillée de la dynamique du transport sédimentaire et des caractéristiques physiques et géochimiques des sédiments dans le bassin du Gange montre qu'actuellement environ 10 % du flux sédimentaire érodé en Himalaya est séquestré dans la plaine alluviale du Gange. L'utilisation des isotopes cosmogéniques (10Be) dans les sédiments de rivières montrent des taux d'érosions stables entre 1.3 et 1.4 mm par an pour l'ensemble de la chaîne drainée par le Gange. De plus, le transfert de sédiments dans la plaine s'accompagne d'un appauvrissement en éléments mobiles marquant l'altération chimique de ceux-ci. Cette altération a été quantifié et suggère que la plaine du Gange joue un role dominant dans l'altération des sédiments Himalayens. Les échanges cationiques lors du passage des sédiments au domaine marin restent limités dans le cas du système Himalayen et ne permettent d'augmenter le bilan de stockage de carbone à long terme que de 20 % environ. Enfin, l'enregistrement de la Baie du Bengale, qui couvre les produits issus de l'érosion Himalayenne sur les derniers 20 000 ans, montre que les sédiments exportés au Dernier Maximum Glaciaire (DMG) étaient significativement moins altérés qu'à l'actuel. Le système Himalayen n'est donc pas tamponné vis-à-vis des forages climatiques à haute fréquence du Quaternaire et les taux d'altération actuels ne peuvent très extrapolés dans le passé
Chemical weathering of the earth crust supplies the essential elements for numerous biogeochemical cycles. Physical erosion of large orogens, such as the Himalayan range, is accompanied by significant weathering fluxes possibly affecting the global environment. The objective of this PhD is to understand how surface processes affect river sediment properties in order to asses current erosion and weathering rates but also to decipher their past variations. To answer this question we studied the transport dynamics, the physical and the geochemical characteristics of the sediments in the Ganga basin. This study suggests that about 10 % of the flux eroded in the Himalayas is currently stored in the Ganga floodplain. Cosmogenic isotopes (10Be) measured in river sediments show stable erosion rates between 1.3 and 1.4 mm/yr for the entire Himalayan range drained by the Ganga. Furthermore, we show that River sediments are progressively depleted in the most mobile elements, as weathering proceeds during transfer in the floodplain. By comparing this flux to the weathering flux of the Himalayan range, we show that floodplain weathering is predominant in weathering Himalayan sediments. Cation exchange occurring when Ganga and Brahmaputra (G&B) sediments enter the marine environment are limited and enhances the long term carbon storage, linked to silicate weathering by only ca. 20 %. Finally, the Bay of Bengal sedimentary record, which documents the last 20 000 years of Himalayan erosion shows that the sediments exported during the last glacial maximum (LGM) were significantly less weathered compared to the sediments currently exported. The Himalayan system is thus not buffered towards the high frequency climate forcing changes of the Quaternary and modern weathering rates cannot easily be extrapolated over the past
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Jalais, Savitri. "Développement des ghâts à Bénarès : dispositif architectural et espace urbain." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1054.

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L'image de la ville de Bénarès (Kāśī, Varanasi) est liée à son ensemble de ghāṭ – berges en forme de gradins – qui se déploie de façon monumentale sur la rive concave d'un méandre du Gange. L'aménagement de ce front d'eau s'inscrit dans un contexte culturel particulier qui nécessite un rapport de proximité avec l'eau du fleuve. La construction et le développement de ce front d'eau dans le temps et la manière composite dont les éléments architecturaux s'y sont intégrés, interrogent aujourd'hui cette grande unité urbaine qui forme un espace public de plus de 6 km de long. L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre les éléments qui ont concouru à la naissance et au développement de ce front. La forme architecturale et urbaine du ghāṭ est considérée comme un dispositif construit modulable adapté à un milieu fluvial, à une topographie et à des pratiques liées à la culture du lieu, qui facilite l'accès à l'eau quel que soit son niveau. M'appuyant sur des images anciennes, sur une série d'enquêtes de terrain et de relevés architecturaux, ainsi que sur des plans de travaux officiels, j'étudie les techniques de construction face aux contraintes de l'eau, j'observe et j'analyse le dialogue de cette forme de berge avec la géographie et le paysage urbain pour en mieux approcher son architecture et j'explique la matérialisation du ghāṭ par les pratiques diverses qui s'y déploient et les parcours symboliques qui y font référence. La relation toute particulière que la ville entretient avec son fleuve par l'architecture des ghāṭ explique son potentiel urbanistique inhérent à son développement dans le temps et le long de la berge
The image of Benares (Kāśī, Varanasi) is closely associated to the architecture of its riverfront composed of ghats – steps and terraces – that stretch out in a monumental way on the concave bank of a meander formed by the river Ganges. The expansion of this riverfront has to be understood in relation to a cultural tradition that demands a close proximity to the waters of the river. The construction and development of this riverfront in time and the various ways in which each architectural element is integrated with the river bank, calls into question its impressive urban unity that forms a public space extending more than 6 km. The aim of this thesis is to identify the elements that have contributed to the origin and the development of this front. The architectural and urban form of the ghat is considered as a constructed flexible device adapted to a specific river environment, a characteristic topography and to practices linked to the culture of the place, which allows for easy access to the varying levels of the river's water level. Based on pictorial archives, interviews, measure drawings done on site and on official planners' drawings, I examine the techniques of hydraulic constructions best adapted to counter the river's currents, I observe and analyze the relations between the riverbank, the geography and the urban landscape so as to better approach the ghats' architecture and I explain the materialization of the ghat through the diverse practices and the symbolic trajectories that surround it. The particular relation that the city entertains with its river, through the architecture of ghats, explains its urban potential inherent to its development in time and space i.e. along its river bank
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Punjahari, Nale jyoti. "Comprehensive enviromental flow assessment of ganga river basin : integrating ecological concerns within hydrologic and hydraulic framework." Thesis, 2018. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7691.

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Chawla, Ila. "Hydrologic Response of Upper Ganga Basin to Changing Land Use and Climate." Thesis, 2013. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3416.

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Numerous studies indicate that the hydrology of a river basin is influenced by Land Use Land Cover (LULC) and climate. LULC affects the quality and quantity of water resources through its influence on Evapotranspiration (ET) and initiation of surface runoff while climate affects the intensity and spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature which are major drivers of the hydrologic cycle. Literature reports several works on either the effect of changing LULC or climate on the hydrology. However, changes in LULC and climate occur simultaneously in reality. Thus, there is a need to perform an integrated impact assessment of such changes on the hydrological regime at a basin scale. In order to carry out the impact assessment, physically-based hydrologic models are often employed. The present study focuses on assessment of the effect of changing LULC and climate on the hydrology of the Upper Ganga basin (UGB), India, using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model. In order to obtain the changes that have occurred in the LULC of the basin over a time period, initially LULC analysis is carried out. For this purpose, high resolution multispectral satellite imageries from Landsat are procured for the years 1973, 1980, 2000 and 2011. The images are pre-processed to project them to a common projection system and are then co-registered. The processed images are used for classification into different land cover classes. This step requires training sites which are collected during the field visit as part of this work. The classified images, thus obtained are used to analyse temporal changes in LULC of the region. The results indicate an increase in crop land and urban area of the region by 47% and 122% respectively from 1973 to 2011. After initial decline in dense forest for the first three decades, an increase in the dense forest is observed between 2000- 2011 (from 11.44% to 14.8%). Scrub forest area and barren land are observed to decline in the study region by 62% and 96% respectively since 1973. The land cover information along with meteorological data and soil data are used to drive the VIC model to investigate the impact of LULC changes on streamflow and evapotranspiration (ET) components of hydrology in the UGB. For the simulation purpose, the entire basin is divided into three regions (1) upstream (with Bhimgodha as the outlet), (2) midstream (with Ankinghat as the outlet) and (3) downstream (with Allahabad as the outlet). The VIC model is calibrated and validated for all the three regions independently at monthly scale. Model performance is assessed based on the criterion of normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). It is observed that the model performed well with reasonable accuracy for upstream and midstream regions. In case of the downstream region, due to lack of observed discharge data, model performance could not be assessed. Hence, the simulations for the downstream region are performed using the calibrated model of the midstream region. The model outputs from the three regions are aggregated appropriately to generate the total hydrologic response of the UGB. Using the calibrated models for different region of the UGB, sensitivity analysis is performed by generating hydrologic scenarios corresponding to different land use (LU) and climate conditions. In order to investigate the impact of changing LU on hydrological variables, a scenario is generated in which climate is kept constant and LU is varied. Under this scenario, only the land cover related variables are altered in the model keeping the meteorological variables constant. Thus, the effect of LU change is segregated from the effect of climate. The results obtained from these simulations indicated that the change in LU significantly affects peak streamflow depth which is observed to be 77.58% more in August 2011 in comparison with the peak streamflow of August, 1973. Furthermore, ET is found to increase by 46.44% since 1973 across the entire basin. In order to assess the impact of changing climate on hydrological variables, a scenario is generated in which LU is kept constant and climate is varied from 1971-2005. Under this scenario, land cover related variables are kept constant in the model and meteorological variables are varied for different time periods. The results indicate decline in the simulated discharge for the years 1971, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2005, which is supported by decline in observed annual rainfall for the respective years. Amongst 1971 and 2005, year 2005 received 26% less rainfall resulting in 35% less discharge. Furthermore, ET is observed to be negligibly affected. To understand the integrated impact of changing LU and climate on hydrological variables, a scenario is generated in which both climate and LU are altered. Based on the data available, three years (1973, 1980 and 2000) are considered for the simulations. Under this scenario, both land cover and meteorological variables are varied in the model. The results obtained showed that the discharge hydrograph for the year 1980 has significantly higher peak compared to the hydrographs of years 1973 and 2000. This could be due to the fact that the year 1980 received maximum rainfall amongst the three years considered for simulations. Although the basin received higher rainfall in the year 1980 compared to that in 2000, ET from the basin in the year 1980 is found to be 21% less than that of the year 2000. This could be attributed to the change in LU that occurred between the years 1980 and 2000. Amongst the years 1973 and 2000, there is not much difference in the observed rainfall but ET for the year 2000 is observed to be significantly higher than that of year 1973. It is concluded from the present study that in the UGB, changing LULC contributes significantly to the changes in peak discharge and ET while rainfall pattern considerably influences the runoff pattern of the region. Future work proposed includes assessment of hydrologic response of basin under future LULC and climate scenarios. Also the model efficiency can be assessed by performing hydrologic simulations at different grid sizes.
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Chawla, Ila. "Hydrologic Response of Upper Ganga Basin to Changing Land Use and Climate." Thesis, 2013. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3416.

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Abstract:
Numerous studies indicate that the hydrology of a river basin is influenced by Land Use Land Cover (LULC) and climate. LULC affects the quality and quantity of water resources through its influence on Evapotranspiration (ET) and initiation of surface runoff while climate affects the intensity and spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature which are major drivers of the hydrologic cycle. Literature reports several works on either the effect of changing LULC or climate on the hydrology. However, changes in LULC and climate occur simultaneously in reality. Thus, there is a need to perform an integrated impact assessment of such changes on the hydrological regime at a basin scale. In order to carry out the impact assessment, physically-based hydrologic models are often employed. The present study focuses on assessment of the effect of changing LULC and climate on the hydrology of the Upper Ganga basin (UGB), India, using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model. In order to obtain the changes that have occurred in the LULC of the basin over a time period, initially LULC analysis is carried out. For this purpose, high resolution multispectral satellite imageries from Landsat are procured for the years 1973, 1980, 2000 and 2011. The images are pre-processed to project them to a common projection system and are then co-registered. The processed images are used for classification into different land cover classes. This step requires training sites which are collected during the field visit as part of this work. The classified images, thus obtained are used to analyse temporal changes in LULC of the region. The results indicate an increase in crop land and urban area of the region by 47% and 122% respectively from 1973 to 2011. After initial decline in dense forest for the first three decades, an increase in the dense forest is observed between 2000- 2011 (from 11.44% to 14.8%). Scrub forest area and barren land are observed to decline in the study region by 62% and 96% respectively since 1973. The land cover information along with meteorological data and soil data are used to drive the VIC model to investigate the impact of LULC changes on streamflow and evapotranspiration (ET) components of hydrology in the UGB. For the simulation purpose, the entire basin is divided into three regions (1) upstream (with Bhimgodha as the outlet), (2) midstream (with Ankinghat as the outlet) and (3) downstream (with Allahabad as the outlet). The VIC model is calibrated and validated for all the three regions independently at monthly scale. Model performance is assessed based on the criterion of normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). It is observed that the model performed well with reasonable accuracy for upstream and midstream regions. In case of the downstream region, due to lack of observed discharge data, model performance could not be assessed. Hence, the simulations for the downstream region are performed using the calibrated model of the midstream region. The model outputs from the three regions are aggregated appropriately to generate the total hydrologic response of the UGB. Using the calibrated models for different region of the UGB, sensitivity analysis is performed by generating hydrologic scenarios corresponding to different land use (LU) and climate conditions. In order to investigate the impact of changing LU on hydrological variables, a scenario is generated in which climate is kept constant and LU is varied. Under this scenario, only the land cover related variables are altered in the model keeping the meteorological variables constant. Thus, the effect of LU change is segregated from the effect of climate. The results obtained from these simulations indicated that the change in LU significantly affects peak streamflow depth which is observed to be 77.58% more in August 2011 in comparison with the peak streamflow of August, 1973. Furthermore, ET is found to increase by 46.44% since 1973 across the entire basin. In order to assess the impact of changing climate on hydrological variables, a scenario is generated in which LU is kept constant and climate is varied from 1971-2005. Under this scenario, land cover related variables are kept constant in the model and meteorological variables are varied for different time periods. The results indicate decline in the simulated discharge for the years 1971, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2005, which is supported by decline in observed annual rainfall for the respective years. Amongst 1971 and 2005, year 2005 received 26% less rainfall resulting in 35% less discharge. Furthermore, ET is observed to be negligibly affected. To understand the integrated impact of changing LU and climate on hydrological variables, a scenario is generated in which both climate and LU are altered. Based on the data available, three years (1973, 1980 and 2000) are considered for the simulations. Under this scenario, both land cover and meteorological variables are varied in the model. The results obtained showed that the discharge hydrograph for the year 1980 has significantly higher peak compared to the hydrographs of years 1973 and 2000. This could be due to the fact that the year 1980 received maximum rainfall amongst the three years considered for simulations. Although the basin received higher rainfall in the year 1980 compared to that in 2000, ET from the basin in the year 1980 is found to be 21% less than that of the year 2000. This could be attributed to the change in LU that occurred between the years 1980 and 2000. Amongst the years 1973 and 2000, there is not much difference in the observed rainfall but ET for the year 2000 is observed to be significantly higher than that of year 1973. It is concluded from the present study that in the UGB, changing LULC contributes significantly to the changes in peak discharge and ET while rainfall pattern considerably influences the runoff pattern of the region. Future work proposed includes assessment of hydrologic response of basin under future LULC and climate scenarios. Also the model efficiency can be assessed by performing hydrologic simulations at different grid sizes.
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TIWARI, ABHIJEET. "SPATIO- TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF RIVER GANGA AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN WEST BENGAL, INDIA THROUGH WQI AND SPI." Thesis, 2023. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/20078.

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An effort has been develop to access the water quality status of river Ganga in West Bengal India for drinking purpose using unified techniques. For this study, 14 parameters at 10 location from Beharampur to Diamond Harbour over 39 months (2020january —2023march) were considered. The eastern stretch of Ganga showed a variation of Water Quality Index (WQI) from 24.4539 to 1790.2545 and Synthetic Pollution Index (SPI) from 0.244539 to 1.7902545 in 36 months. . The map interpolated through GIS exposed that the entire river stretch in 36 months and location near to ocean during the entire period of 36 months were severely polluted (WQI >100 or SPI > 1).Turbidity ,DO and BOD concentration mainly contribute to the high scores of indices. Further, the origin of these ions was estimated through multivariate statistical techniques using SPSS .. It was recognized that the origin of these pollutant is mainly attributed to seawater influx, that of fluoride to human and industrial activities , and other parameters originated through geological as well as human activities. Based on the research, a few possible water treatment mechanisms are suggested to render the water fit for drinking.
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Books on the topic "River Ganga"

1

Sanghi, Rashmi, ed. Our National River Ganga. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00530-0.

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author, Matta Gagan joint, ed. Ecology of river Ganga. New Delhi: Biotech Books, 2011.

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Ghose, N. C. Pollution of Ganga River: Ecology of mid-Ganga basin. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House, 1989.

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S, Kumar. Plant diversity along river Ganga. Dehra Dun: Sai Publishers, 2001.

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Debī, Jyotirmmaẏī. The river churning: A partition novel = Epar Ganga, opar Ganga. New Delhi: Kali for Women, 1995.

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Chauhan, Manvendra Singh, and Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha, eds. The Ganga River Basin: A Hydrometeorological Approach. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60869-9.

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Hollick, Julian Crandall. Ganga: A journey down the Ganges River. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2008.

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Hasko, Nesemann, ed. Aquatic invertebrates of the Ganga River system. Kathmandu: H. Nesemann, 2007.

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Hollick, Julian Crandall. Ganga: A journey down the Ganges River. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2008.

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Sinnarkar, S. N. River Ganga: An overview of environmental research. Nagpur, India: National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "River Ganga"

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Bhargava, Devendra Swaroop, and Devendra Swaroop Bhargava. "Nature’s Cure of the Ganga: The Ganga-Jal." In Our National River Ganga, 171–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00530-0_6.

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Das, Subhajyoti. "Ganga – Our Endangered Heritage." In Our National River Ganga, 45–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00530-0_2.

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Sanghi, Rashmi, and Nitin Kaushal. "Introduction to Our National River Ganga via cmaps." In Our National River Ganga, 3–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00530-0_1.

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Thakur, Praveen K. "Snow Melt Runoff Status in Part of Ganga Basin." In Our National River Ganga, 241–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00530-0_10.

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Thakur, Praveen K. "River Bank Erosion Hazard Study of River Ganga, Upstream of Farakka Barrage Using Remote Sensing and GIS." In Our National River Ganga, 261–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00530-0_11.

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Alley, Kelly D. "The Developments, Policies and Assessments of Hydropower in the Ganga River Basin." In Our National River Ganga, 285–305. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00530-0_12.

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Kumar, Niraj. "3Ps (Population, Poverty and Pollution) and the Pious Poor Ganga." In Our National River Ganga, 307–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00530-0_13.

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Ghorai, Dipankar, and Himadri Sekhar Sen. "Living Out of Ganga: A Traditional Yet Imperiled Livelihood on Bamboo Post Harvest Processing and Emerging Problems of Ganga." In Our National River Ganga, 323–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00530-0_14.

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Panta, Murali Prasad. "E-Flows Related Livelihood in the Ganga River: A Case Study of Tourism." In Our National River Ganga, 341–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00530-0_15.

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Nautiyal, Prakash, Jyoti Verma, and Asheesh Shivam Mishra. "Distribution of Major Floral and Faunal Diversity in the Mountain and Upper Gangetic Plains Zone of the Ganga: Diatoms, Macroinvertebrates and Fish." In Our National River Ganga, 75–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00530-0_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "River Ganga"

1

Rajak, Fulena, and Bijay Kumar Das. "Ganga Riverfront Development at Patna, India: Urban Rejuvenation Project." In The 2nd International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction. Qatar University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/cic.2023.0146.

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River front project at Patna, India along the river Ganga has rejuvenated the linear city of Patna, India. Patna is a historic city having lived for more than two thousand years. The city has grown linearly on the bank of Ganga. Like other cities of India, it faces the problem of pollution, congestion and lack of public open spaces and recreation spaces. After the completion of River front project, this city has a new life. Once neglected and treated as back yard of city, it has opened up for the residents and has added new avenues of urban open spaces. It has added the recreation space to the city and the happiness index of the city will certainly rise. This paper examines the positive aspects of River front development in the city and how the residents have reacted to it.
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Pandey, J., K. Shubhashish, and Richa Pandey. "Air-Borne Heavy Metal Contamination to River Ganga (India)." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)250.

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Dalai, Tarun K., and Tristan J. Horner. "Barium Stable Isotopes in the Ganga (Hooghly) River Estuary, India." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.513.

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Prudhvi Raju, K. N., Shraban Sarkar, and Manish Kumar Pandey. "Indus and Ganga River Basins in India: Surface Water Potentials." In Rejuvenation of Surface Water Resources of India: Potential, Problems and Prospects. Geological Society of India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/cgsi/2014/62876.

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Lal, Chunnu, and Satender Kumar. "Ganga River Water Assessment Using Deep Neural Network: A Study." In 2022 International Conference on Fourth Industrial Revolution Based Technology and Practices (ICFIRTP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfirtp56122.2022.10063185.

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Shukla, Anoop Kumar, C. S. P. Ojha, and R. D. Garg. "Surface water quality assessment of Ganga River Basin, India using index mapping." In 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2017.8128277.

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Kogekar, Aishwarya Premlal, Rashmiranjan Nayak, and Umesh Chandra Pati. "Forecasting of Water Quality for the River Ganga using Univariate Time-series Models." In 2021 8th International Conference on Smart Computing and Communications (ICSCC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icscc51209.2021.9528216.

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Bisht, Anil Kumar, Ravendra Singh, Rakesh Bhutiani, and Ashutosh Bhatt. "Artificial neural network based predictionmodel forestimating the water quality of the river Ganga." In 2017 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing,Communication & Automation (ICACCA) (Fall). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccaf.2017.8344735.

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Alam, Aftab, Md Barkatullah, and Amit Kumar. "Water Quality Status of Different Ghats of River Ganga in Patna Urban Area." In ASEC 2023. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asec2023-15408.

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Tejoyadav, Mogarala, Rashmiranjan Nayak, and Umesh Chandra Pati. "Multivariate Water Quality Forecasting of River Ganga Using VAR-LSTM based Hybrid Model." In 2022 IEEE 19th India Council International Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon56171.2022.10040146.

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Reports on the topic "River Ganga"

1

HI-AWARE, ICIMOD. Moving to adapt: Migration and adaptation to environmental stress in the Gandaki, Upper Ganga, Indus and Teesta River Basins. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.880.

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