Relevant bibliographies by topics / River Crossing

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'River Crossing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "River Crossing"

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Hair, J. D., and C. W. Hair. "River crossings - 1. Subsurface soils affect horizontally drilled river-crossing design." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 26, no. 2 (March 1989): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(89)90219-2.

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Major, Clarence, and Caryl Phillips. "Crossing the River." African American Review 31, no. 1 (1997): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3042206.

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Imhoff, Cory. "Big River Crossing." Civil Engineering Magazine Archive 87, no. 9 (October 2017): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/ciegag.0001232.

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Sarvan, Charles, Abdul Aziz Bulaila, and Caryl Phillips. "Crossing the River." World Literature Today 68, no. 3 (1994): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40150560.

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Freischlag, Julie Ann. "Crossing the River." Archives of Surgery 142, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.142.2.112.

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JONES, D. M. "RIVER CROSSING IN LESOTHO." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 109, no. 4 (December 1995): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/imuen.1995.28100.

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Goering, David, and Dan Canada. "The River Crossing Game." Mathematics Magazine 80, no. 1 (February 2007): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0025570x.2007.11953445.

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RICCIO, LUCIUS J. "Another East River Crossing?" Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 742, no. 1 The East Rive (December 1994): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb21851.x.

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Ito, Hiro, Stefan Langerman, and Yuichi Yoshida. "Generalized River Crossing Problems." Theory of Computing Systems 56, no. 2 (August 21, 2014): 418–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00224-014-9562-8.

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Rechtman, M. S., J. N. M. Motta, A. Menezes, J. G. S. Da Silva, and O. Longo. "Structural Analysis of Steel Transmission Towers for Large River Crossing of Overhead Transmission Lines." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 6 (December 20, 2020): 6438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3735.

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This study aims to investigate the structural behavior of steel transmission towers used for large river crossings. Design standards usually applied to analyze these structures don’t consider situations in which the transmission towers are used in river crossings. In Brazil, due to the fact that it is necessary to cross large areas owing to the rivers’ size, these towers assume great heights. It should be noted that the towers can weigh up to 24,500kN and exceed 300m in height. The current study develops an analysis that surpasses the existing standard methodologies, aiming for a structural optimization compatible with vast crossings and new materials, aiming to resolve this design challenge regarding power transmission lines. To do this, a river crossing spanning 2,300m, situated in the northern region of Brazil, was studied based on the use of three different conductor configurations, electrically equivalent, commonly used wind design standards, and structural solutions utilizing tubular and angle profiles.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "River Crossing"

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Bakkenberg, Mikael. ""Crossing the River" : the complexity of colonialism and slavery." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8538.

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Caryl Phillips’s novel Crossing the River deals with European colonialism and the consequences of it. Crossing the River is a novel which embraces characters from colonized cultures as well as characters from colonizing cultures. Following a timeline that begins in 1752 and ends in 1963, the novel shows slavery in progress as well as what transpires in the aftermath of slavery        In this essay I will argue that Caryl Phillips demonstrates the complexity of colonialism and slavery in his novel Crossing the River; he approaches the two concepts from different perspectives and shows us that colonialism and slavery are complicated concepts. Caryl Phillips uses narrative to demonstrate the negative sides of colonialism and slavery, to show that the negative aspects of the two concepts can affect not only the colonized people but also the colonizing people.        Colonialism, in its traditional sense, is present in some of the novel’s episodes but slavery, in different forms, appears in all episodes. Nevertheless, all episodes in Crossing the River have a common origin; which Phillips reminds us about by using the relationship between plot and story. Diversity is an important theme in the novel. From a narrative perspective, Crossing the River has a diversity of narrators who tell their stories as well as other persons’ stories. There are female narrators as well as male ones; some narrators are known while other narrators are unknown. The ways the episodes are told are diversified. Some of the episodes follow a chronological line (“The Pagan Coast” and “Crossing the River”) while other episodes jump back and forth in time (“West” and “Somewhere in England”). The forms of narration are diversified, not only between the individual episodes but also within some of the episodes. Crossing the River plays with diversity in several layers. The structure of the novel is as diversified as the number of narrators, a diversity of ways of dealing with the main themes results in a diversity of fates for Phillips’s characters. Caryl Phillips combines structure with content to demonstrate that colonialism and slavery are problematic concepts: the negative consequences of the two concepts can, in different ways and in different degrees, affect colonized people as well as those responsible for colonialism.
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Linthicum, David W. "Crossing the River : A Conceptual Framework for Response to Chaos." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6822.

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This thesis suggests that the existing protocols for initial emergency response to a chaotic event do not take advantage of the decision-making skills of front-line responders. Building from a foundation derived from the concepts of reductionism, holism and the Cynefin framework, a purposeful sample of real-world incidents was examined in an attempt to understand and demonstrate how front-line, emergent decision making can positively impact a chaotic emergency scene. From the research and sampling, a conceptual framework was developed that supports the implementation of a protocol that encourages front-line decision making. The research also identifies a point during the response that signifies entry into the chaotic domain. The REACT framework (respond, engage, act, communicate and transition) is proposed to empower first responders and give them the ability to respond to a crisis when there is not plan. The REACT framework is capable of being implemented at the lowest level of emergency response agencies. The utilization of this framework allows the decision-making skills of responders to develop incrementally. In addition, this thesis suggests that the framework serves as a mechanism to teach critical thinking and decision making.
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Ueda, Satoru. "Conflict management in the design of the Charles River crossing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70242.

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Doyle, Susan. "Ambiguity and Ambiguous Identities in Caryl Phillips's Crossing the River." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23161.

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In the first chapter of Crossing the River (1993), Caryl Phillips depicts the dilemma of a fluid identity for the peoples of the African diaspora and their descendants by using ambiguity to simulate feelings of contradiction, liminality and a double consciousness. The first character, Nash Williams, struggles with his cultural identity as an emancipated, black slave and missionary who is repatriated in Africa to convert the pagans of Liberia. A postcolonial reading of Nash’s hybrid position illustrates his experiences of unhomeliness, of religious doubt and realisation in the shortcomings of mimicry. The second character, Amelia Williams is divided by her dual identity as the wife of a slave owning-slave liberator in antebellum America. Via a contrapuntal reading of Amelia as the antagonist of the tale, her hostile manner supports the suggestion that she sought to control the peculiar situation which was threatening her livelihood, depreciating her social status and debasing her imperialist values. Her proslavery standpoint could not, however, be established unequivocally. Nevertheless, both Amelia and Nash are unmistakably troubled by inner conflicts engendered through slavery and polarised ideologies.
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Nilsen, Kristine. "Crossing the river : inequities in maternal health services in Cambodia." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/417787/.

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With the focus on universal health coverage (UHC) and the inclusion of an equity target in the newly adopted Sustainable Development Goals, equity analysis is becoming prominent in the evaluation of health policies in low-income countries. Focusing on Cambodia, the overall aim of this thesis is to examine spatial and socio-economic equity patterns in maternal health services between 2000 and 2014, a period characterised by extensive health systems reforms. Inequities of maternal health services are examined on one UHC dimensions, population coverage in terms of use and quality of services. Using household surveys and the population census, inequities are measured using econometric analysis, logistic multilevel models and small area estimation. Results show that irrespective of residency, inequities in the use of services decrease over time as population coverage increases. However, use remains pro-rich in 2014. The pro-rich bias in urban areas is particularly strong when examining inequities of the quality of services received. In rural areas, inequities in quality by socio-economic status are low as most of the health services provided fail to meet the quality criteria applied. Moving beyond the urban/ rural dichotomy, large spatial inequities in the utilisation of services are for the first time observed at small areas, suggesting that health system characteristics and other socio-economic determinants manifest themselves geographically. Findings are discussed in the context of inverse equity hypothesis, health system reform and socio-economic development. The thesis concludes that there is partial support for the inverse equity hypothesis and that the hypothesis may have a spatial dimension that has previously not been captured. It also concludes that health system reforms targeting the supply-side of service provision probably had an effect on reducing inequities, but that socio-economic development including increased household wealth cannot be excluded as a major contributor to increased service uptake.
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Wåke, Anders. "Crossing the River : An Example of Black Politics of Resistance." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36245.

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Caryl Phillis’s novel Crossing the River tells a story of the African diaspora caused by the slave trade. The novel not only depicts the physical aspect of diasporic life, but also sheds light on the cognitive aspects. It is visible separately in the four chapters, but also in the prologue and epilogue through Phillips’s use of the mystical voice of the disembodied father who addresses all his children of the African diaspora. This essay argues that Crossing the River is an example of black politics of resistance from two different perspectives. Firstly, Phillips uses the African diaspora to exemplify the hybrid identity, and to reject a binary colonial discourse and racism that have caused tremendous suffering for the African diaspora. Secondly, by not only rejecting the binary colonial discourse but also contesting and taking part in shaping a discourse that synthesizes different worlds, Crossing the River takes part in creating a more diverse and equal sense of the world.
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Choi, Sze-wai Tony, and 蔡詩偉. "A study of tense and aspect in Caryl Phillips crossing the river." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951934.

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Choi, Sze-wai Tony. "A study of tense and aspect in Caryl Phillips crossing the river." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21161525.

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Gao, Bo. "Crossing the Ya-Lu River : Chinese economic activities in North Korea post-2002." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42857/.

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This thesis examines the effectiveness of China’s economic activities in North Korea in terms of resolving China’s domestic non-traditional security problems. It studies the implementation of China’s foreign economic policy towards North Korea. The thesis uses qualitative research methodology to study the economic activities launched after 2002 near the Sino-DPRK border and in North Korean ocean territory. It hypothesises that the commercialisation of China’s foreign economic policy towards North Korea is driven by actors below the state in order to resolve their socio-economic problems at the sub-state level. This policy-transition from original pro-aid economic policy to North Korea also has important implications for the regional order in Northeast Asia. These implications include advancing the economic reform process in North Korea, worsening the relationship between China and South Korea, and reducing the effectiveness of the international effort to denuclearise North Korea. The specific non-traditional security problems which have driven three major sectors of China’s economic activities in North Korea, i.e. mineral resource and energy sector, fishery industry sector and cross-border activities sector, include issues such as environment pollution, resource scarcity, labor shortage and cultural decline that diverge from the China’s strategic targets to Korea Peninsular. This thesis explores the link between high and low politics in the implementation stage of Chinese foreign policy through the relatively active role of actors below the state in Sino-DPRK economic cooperation and their impacts at the regional level after 2002 in contrast to the previous dominant role of central government in this field.
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Odenyo, Tanya. "The African Presence and Limits of Double Consciousness in Caryl Phillips's Crossing the River." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36079.

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Set against the backdrop of the Transatlantic slave trade, Caryl Phillips’s Crossing the River can be read as a novel which explores severed family ties and the intertwined relationship between the dominant and the subdued within the African diaspora. Questions concerning “race”, identity and representation can be traced in all the narratives and are also the focus of this essay. Diasporic identities most often involve a double consciousness, seeing and/or identifying with different perspectives. All of the characters are clearly affected by slavery and/or racism directly or indirectly. This essay will argue that this is evident in all the narratives, using Paul Gilroy’s concept of the Black Atlantic to illustrate this point. However, when it comes to representation and whose voice is heard, Phillips’s choices of focalization have adverse implications for the representation of Africa and Africans. Although the novel explores identities of people of the African diaspora and one of the narratives, “The Pagan Coast”, is set in Liberia, the country remains anonymous, and no African is awarded a voice in that narrative. In his attempt at capturing the essence of African diasporic identities, Phillips has neglected the influence of Africa and Africans.
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Books on the topic "River Crossing"

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Crossing the river. London: Picador, 1994.

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Phillips, Caryl. Crossing the river. New York: Knopf, 1994.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Crossing Fire River. New York: Signet, 2009.

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Crossing Jhordan's river. Chicago: Moody Publishers, 2005.

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Crossing the river. London: Bloomsbury, 1993.

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Crossing the river. Toronto: Knopf Canada, 1994.

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Norman-Bellamy, Kendra. Crossing Jhordan's river. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2006.

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Yad ṿa-shem, rashut ha-zikaron la-Shoʼah ṿela-gevurah, ed. Crossing the river. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 2008.

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Crossing the river. New York: Knopf, 1994.

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Red River crossing. New York: Avalon, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "River Crossing"

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Guilloux, Alain. "Cross-Boundary Disaster Risk Governance: Lessons from the Pearl River Delta." In Crossing Borders, 133–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6126-4_8.

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Lipton, Joshua, Zenon Tederko, Eric English, and Magdalena Kiejzik-Głowińska. "The Vistula River Crossing in Poland." In Equivalency Methods for Environmental Liability, 159–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9812-2_9.

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Khan, Abdul Qayyum. "The Crossing of the Oxus River." In Understanding Afghanistan, 170–73. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198376-12.

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Mamgain, P., and P. K. Basudhar &. T. Gangadharaiah. "Scouring around deep foundations at river crossing." In Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 611–16. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203743362-111.

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Zhang, Xiaojing, and Xin Chang. "Crossing the River by Feeling the Stones." In The Logic of Economic Reform in China, 13–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47404-4_2.

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Ito, Hiro, Stefan Langerman, and Yuichi Yoshida. "Algorithms and Complexity of Generalized River Crossing Problems." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 235–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30347-0_24.

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Kamali, Leila. "“Words Without Sound”: Caryl Phillips’s Crossing the River." In The Cultural Memory of Africa in African American and Black British Fiction, 1970-2000, 153–84. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58171-6_6.

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Piriyakul, K., S. Pochalard, and E. Rungrueng. "Pipe jacking tunnel construction crossing the Bang Pakong River." In Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground. 2nd Edition, 123–28. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003355595-16.

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Nirell, Lisa. "THE CMO AND THE CIO: CROSSING THE RAGING RIVER." In The Mindful Marketer, 155–64. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137386311_18.

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DeVoto, Bernard A. "1948 Award. About the Crossing of the Missouri River." In American History Awards 1917–1991, edited by Heinz-D. Fischer, 145–48. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110972146-035.

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Conference papers on the topic "River Crossing"

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Teixeira, Priscila Pereira, Wanderley Camargo Russo, João Luiz Torralbo Quintana, and Ricardo Hoff. "Protection of Pipelines Uncovered in Crossing River: A Case Study." In ASME 2013 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2013-1932.

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To ensure the integrity of pipelines in failure mode Geotechnical, TRANSPETRO and the TBG perform underwater inspections of pipelines in the main crossings of rivers, lakes, dams, canals and permanently flooded areas. The inspections are designed to locate guideline and measure the covering the pipelines from the margins and underwater depth, identify any exposure of the pipelines, map the occurrences of blocks of rock or debris on the channel and evaluate the anthropic influence on stability of the sections inspected. Among the crossings rivers inspected, in the Atibaia V, with approximately 27.3 m in length, was observed a high erosive potential, which resulted in the loss cover of 3 (three) pipelines of crossing river, besides the fiber optic cable. The lengths uncovered resulted in approximately 33.0 m, with suspended pipes, damage in the concrete jacket and presence of blocks of rocks in the channel. The pipeline in the most critical situation went vain of 6.0 m, with gap up to 0,2 m in relation the background. The crossing river was studied with bathymetric survey and designed cover the pipelines with mechanical protection and anti-erosive. The pipes were supported with sacks of granular material, sequentially, the margins and pipelines were protected with geotextile filled with concrete, installed with the help of divers. The working conditions of 4.0 m depth, currents of up to 0.8 m/s, temperature and low visibility waters were challenges overcome during execution, in which the divers took turns in short periods. Due to the characteristics of the bedrock, the blankets went stylized and stitched on the field by the team, with dimensions taken on site. After positioning the blankets in the background began the underwater concreting, which occurred in stages monitored by the volume pumped and divers strategically placed. The crossing river was re-inspected approximately 1 (one) year after their stabilization and was found in good conditions. The occurrence improved the procedures for geotechnical monitoring and treatment of pipelines uncovered in crossings rivers, being who the efficiency and safety of the work performed currently serve as a reference for the design of similar works.
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Kammereck, Andreas, Kent Ryan, and Tammy Jacobson Moore. "Managing Risk at Pipeline River Crossings in Changing Regulatory Settings." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33627.

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Recent high profile exposure and rupture of pipelines at river crossings in the United States (U.S.) has raised the awareness of riverine hazards and the corresponding risks of operating pipeline river crossings. The decadal tendencies for rivers to change vertically (i.e. scour and deposition) and horizontally (i.e. channel migration) increases the risk to ageing pipeline systems. The corresponding cost of the consequences from potential exposures, damages or even ruptures at river crossings has re-defined the risk regime for planning, permitting, designing, installing, operating, and regulating river crossings. Pipeline systems installed decades ago frequently did not incorporate state of the art hydrotechnical engineering approaches, and did not address long-term channel scour and erosion dynamics, instead setting sagbends and burial depths relative to active (i.e. short term) channel conditions and not planning for long-term geomorphic trends. Planning for river crossing routing assessments now include increasing awareness of how riverine systems function. Hydrotechnical studies incorporate hydrologic, hydraulic, and fluvial geomorphic assessments and investigations, as well as environmental, social, and land inputs to the planning, permitting, design and construction processes. Recent high profile damage, exposure, and in some cases rupture of pipelines in river crossings has brought these issues into the public domain. Pipeline regulatory agencies and congressional oversight in the U.S. has responded to recent pipeline incidents in dynamic riverine conditions with increased permit planning, design and operation requirements. This paper will discuss the ways changing rivers are resulting in increasing challenges for pipeline operators, and discusses how Williams Northwest Pipeline (NWP) has implemented several practical mitigation measures to proactively address river crossing risks.
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Ashaye, Damola. "Lampasas River Crossing HDD." In Pipelines 2022. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484296.025.

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Tupayachi Beisaga, José Luis, and Emilio A. Hernández Chaupis. "Protection Works of Crossings River in the Camisea Pipeline Transport System (STD)." In ASME 2013 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2013-1909.

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The experience gained during the operation and maintenance stages of the Camisea pipeline transportation system (STD) in Peru, crossing from the Tropical jungle in the Cusco region to the coast, in Lima city, has enabled us to develop and apply techniques in construction and maintenance works focused on controlling of the vertical undermining of riverbeds and the erosion of margins at river crossings and creeks crossed by the pipeline carrying NG and NGL. According to the above, a technical assessment study was conducted of the crosses rivers and creeks that have high priority of the Camisea pipeline path, comprising — among other disciplines — hydraulic and undermining analysis, as well as an hydrologic and geo-morphological evaluation and other issues regarding general geology and geo-techniques at each crossing site. A work program was developed using the information obtained in the three sectors travelled by the (STD) in order to develop and complement works at the crossings of rivers and valleys aiming to protect the integrity of the pipeline from erosion produced by major and extraordinary floods in riverbeds and alluvial slides in narrow valleys, by means of confinement and sedimentation works. The jobs performed in rainforest, mountain and coastal terrain crossed by the pipeline considered different river morphology types — being the most common the straight, gravel braided and curved river travels — and regimes in both flow speed and width of the riverbed. From the topographic follow-up and monitoring stage on — before and after the rain season — at crossings beneath the riverbeds, it was determined that the deterioration process affecting the crossing stripe corresponds to erosion consisting in the alteration of the watercourse banks that affects the piping foundations. The works are completed considering the type of resources available at the site of the river crossing — i. e., the engineering is particular to each sector, and designing is performed upon available materials in the area. The most utilized works at river and creeks crossings on the Camisea piping system are as follows: i) protection of riverbeds and creeks slopes using gabion mesh and pads; ii) sedimentation systems on gabion mesh; iii) Energy dissipation devices at creeks crossings; iv) rip-rap–type armoring of riverbeds; v) confinement check dams; vi) marginal protection dikes; vii) marginal protection rock fill dams; viii) protection and sedimentation breakwaters, among others.
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Long, Dejiang, Michael J. Bender, Les F. Sawatsky, Paul Anderson, and Serge Metikosh. "Sediment Entrainment During Construction of River Pipeline Crossings: Occurrence, Prediction and Control." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2125.

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Sediment entrainment in rivers caused by pipeline watercourse crossing construction may represent a constraint on pipeline route selection and construction methods as designers attempt to develop a sediment and erosion control plan which meets regulatory approval without risk of costly delays. To avoid the risk of significant sediment entrainment, conventional open-cut crossing techniques may be replaced by more costly directional drilling methods. However, the concern over suspended sediment is greatest in high velocity rivers where the bed material includes a large fraction of fine sand, and in rivers with a large fraction of fine grained bed material which becomes suspended upon disturbance by construction activities. According to the current understanding of aquatic impacts due to elevated suspended sediment levels, the occurrence of suspended sediment may not be excessive at open-cut excavation in certain types of streams depending on the material consistency, fine sand content and river flow velocity (Anderson et al, 1996). Control of sand entrainment can normally be achieved by low cost sediment control systems during construction. Methods of prediction, impact assessment, and control of sediment entrainment have been developed so that high risk crossings can be identified and impacts minimized. The application of the study findings and best management practices (BMPs) for sediment control will allow developers to choose the most appropriate crossing method while avoiding potentially adverse impacts, based on a sound understanding of river sediment transport, bed material conditions and downstream aquatic resources.
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Sancio, Rodolfo B., Patricia Varela, David Vance, Kourosh Abdolmaleki, and Millan Sen. "Qualitative and Semi-Quantitative Model for Estimating the Probability of Failure at River Crossings." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9788.

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Abstract Pipeline river crossings are typically managed by using a combination of flood monitoring, ground inspections, integrity assessments, and remediations. Using a probabilistic model to assess the likelihood of failure at river crossings would enable combined consideration of all factors that contribute to the failure threat, provide site rankings to support discrete mitigation prioritizations, allow for evaluation of whether a crossing is acceptable in regard to a risk target, and provide a “check” to the deterministic integrity management methods. This paper describes two models for estimating the pipeline probability of failure at river crossings. The first model is a qualitative scoring model that can be easily implemented by operators and consultants. This model employs a weighting-factors approach to consider the multiple variables that contribute to pipeline exposures and overstress given exposure. The results may be applied to threat rank diverse crossings, as well estimate the probability of failure at a crossing relative to that at historical failure sites. The second model is a semi-quantitative model that 1) estimates the likelihood of a crossing exposure occurring, 2) estimates the associated scour length, 3) assesses the pipelines critical span length, and 4) quantifies the probability that a span length longer than the critical span length could form. This model may be applied to achieve the same goals as the qualitative model, and also compare the probability of failure at a river crossing to a reliability target. Due to the complexity of this model and the paper length limits, it is conceptually described within this paper. The results demonstrated that the model output site rankings correlated reasonably with those estimated by pipeline integrity program managers, the scour depth and length prediction results were consistent with measured historical scours, and the pipeline probability of failure at the assessed river crossings were within expected ranges.
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Paul, Jeffrey M., Susan St.Pierre, and Stephen M. Brewer. "Charles River Crossing - The Mitigation Plan." In Ports Conference 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40555(2001)22.

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8

Carnicero, Martin. "A Rating Method for Assessment Risk at River Crossings." In ASME 2013 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2013-1923.

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Detailed studies performed to design works at river crossings provide all the information needed to asses hydro technical hazards. TGN performed such studies for critical rivers as part of its Integrity Management Program. By monitoring performance of remediation works, experience was built throughout 10 years comprising different hydrological years. This was the base for the development of a simpler methodology aimed at assessing risk using information that can be readily available in regions such as Latin America where the existence of gaging stations and historic records at most rivers are not common. The method is based in river geomorphology, summarized with two parameters: area of drainage basin area and river slope at the crossing. They characterized the type of problems that can be expected and they can be estimated from topographic maps or digital terrain models available from the internet. The rating method follows a basic structure consisting in the product of two factors: causes and consequences. Causes include: bank erosion, river bed scour, meanders and river diversion along the right of way. Then, increasing factors are applied accounting for deforestation, land use and the occurrence of debris flows; decreasing factors consider proper remediation works, design and construction aspects implemented during construction. Finally, consequences are focused at loss of human life, impact on the environment, and interruption of fluid transport. This method is aimed to be performed by a pipeline operator that can have a good feeling of problems related to rivers, without having the technical knowledge of a specialized consultant. While rating, subjective judgment still plays an important role. However, this methodology provides a systematic approach that includes all aspects affecting river crossings, allows for prioritizing works based on rates and, as new rivers are included from new watersheds, it can be improved as prediction and characterization tool.
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Dean, K. Bruce, Femi Ade, Les Sawatsky, R. Gray, John Cutler, and Neil Wheeler. "Remedial Protection of a Pipeline Crossing of the River Wye, UK." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-149.

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This project is of interest to those involved in construction, siting and repair of pipeline crossings of rivers, streams and estuaries. In early 1999, Mainline Pipelines Limited discovered that their pipeline crossing of the River Wye had been exposed by river scour. Originally laid in 1972, the line provides petroleum products main supply from the port at Milford Haven to the Midlands, England, and operates at a high pressure. A break in or temporary shutdown of the pipeline would have had serious implications. Remedial protection options were needed rapidly, to ensure the integrity of the pipeline. A review of historical air photographs and maps, dating back to 1888, showed that the meandering channel of the River Wye has shifted to the north at an average rate of 0.65m per year. Thus, the remedial works would have to account for ongoing vertical and lateral scour. It was recognized that river training works would be required at the site to ensure continued protection of the pipeline in the long-term. The recommended design and remedial construction techniques allowed for safety issues, the potential impact on the river ecology, recreational river users, the river hydrology and restricted access to the steep northern riverbank. The design comprised filling of the eroded riverbed and bank with rock aggregate and placing a protective layer of graded rock riprap. Grout filled fabric formwork bags were placed beneath the pipeline to minimise deflection and the development of unacceptable stresses in the exposed length during rock placement. Rock filled wire mattresses were placed immediately on top of the pipeline to protect it from point loading of the angular riprap. A satellite guided positioning system was used to control material placement, and environmental monitoring of river water quality was carried out continuously during construction.
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Nóbrega Alves, Robson Santana, and Byron Gonçalves de Souza Filho. "Horizontal Directional Drilling Application in a Wide River Crossing in the Amazon Rain Forest." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33136.

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Horizontal Directional Drilling, as known as HDD, is a method of construction that requires few trenches or no continuous trenches, used for making crossings under rivers, roads and existing structures. In the oil and gas industry, it is most commonly used in offshore and onshore well drilling activities to better explore the reservoir from a single well. It is also very much used when laying pipelines, where no other feasible option is possible. This technology was widely applied in the Urucu-Manaus natural-gas pipeline construction by Petrobras, and Transpetro has been responsible for the operation and maintenance of this pipeline since November 2009, flowing Natural Gas from the heart of the Amazon forest mainly to the growing market of thermoelectric plants. Due to its extension in the forest, the crossing of numerous wide navigable rivers and other natural obstacles was unavoidable, and no other construction methods were more suitable than the HDD technology. This work shows the application of this method in the 1777m long crossing of the Solimões River during the construction of this 662km Natural Gas pipeline. It also shows the challenges faced due to the logistical adversities in the rainforest, as well as the operations by Transpetro.
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Reports on the topic "River Crossing"

1

Coutermarsh, Barry A. Remote Assessment of Army Tactical River Crossing Sites Using LIDAR Imagery. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417126.

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2

Wells, Gordon M. U.S. Army River Crossing Doctrine and AirLand Battle Future: Applicable or Anachronistic? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada233627.

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3

Narus, Joseph. Coal to Oil in China: Scientific Development or Crossing the River by Feeling the Stones? Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.169.

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Wolken, G. J., and Katreen Wikstroem Jones. Photogrammetry-derived digital surface model and orthoimagery of areas near the Dalton Highway, Yukon River Crossing, Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/30183.

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Childs, Allen B. CTUIR Grande Ronde River Watershed Restoration Program McCoy Creek/McIntyre Creek Road Crossing, 1995-1999 Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/803577.

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Moore, D. B. Demonstration of river crossing technology for installation of environmental horizontal wells: AMH-6 and AMH-7 installation report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191864.

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Childs, Allen B. CTUIR Grande Ronde River Basin Watershed Restoration Program McCoy Creek/McIntyre Creek Road Crossing, 1996-1998 Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/803578.

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Hall, Donald E. From the Roer to the Elbe With the 1st Medical Group: Medical Support of the Deliberate River Crossing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada635649.

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Twitchell, Sara. Evaluating the Effects of Road Crossing Structures on Stream-Associated Amphibians in the Wilson River Watershed, Tillamook State Forest, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.678.

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Morris, John S. U.S. Army Deliberate River Crossings: A Bridge Too Far? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada324422.

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