Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'River channels Computer simulation'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: River channels Computer simulation.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 32 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'River channels Computer simulation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Hoyles, Matthew, and Matthew Hoyles@anu edu au. "Computer Simulation of Biological Ion Channels." The Australian National University. Theoretical Physics, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20010702.135814.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes a project in which algorithms are developed for the rapid and accurate solution of Poisson's equation in the presence of a dielectric boundary and multiple point charges. These algorithms are then used to perform Brownian dynamics simulations on realistic models of biological ion channels. An iterative method of solution, in which the dielectric boundary is tiled with variable sized surface charge sectors, provides the flexibility to deal with arbitrarily shaped boundaries, but is too slow to perform Brownian dynamics. An analytical solution is derived, which is faster and more accurate, but only works for a toroidal boundary. Finally, a method is developed of pre-calculating solutions to Poisson's equation and storing them in tables. The solution for a particular configuration of ions in the channel can then be assembled by interpolation from the tables and application of the principle of superposition. This algorithm combines the flexibility of the iterative method with greater speed even than the analytical method, and is fast enough that channel conductance can be predicted. The results of simulations for a model single-ion channel, based on the acetylcholine receptor channel, show that the narrow pore through the low dielectric strength medium of the protein creates an energy barrier which restricts the permeation of ions. They further show that this barrier can be removed by dipoles in the neck of the channel, but that the barrier is not removed by shielding by counter-ions. The results of simulations for a model multi-ion channel, based on a bacterial potassium channel, show that the model channel has conductance characteristics similar to those of real potassium channels. Ions appear to move through the model multi-ion channel via rapid transitions between a series of semi-stable states. This observation suggests a possible physical basis for the reaction rate theory of channel conductance, and opens up an avenue for future research.
2
Corry, Ben Alexander, and ben corry@anu edu au. "Simulation Studies of Biological Ion Channels." The Australian National University. Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030423.162927.
Full textAbstract:
Biological ion channels are responsible for, and regulate the
communication system in the body. In this thesis I develop, test and
apply theoretical models of ion channels, that can relate their
structure to their functional properties. Brownian dynamics
simulations are introduced, in which the motions of individual ions
are simulated as they move through the channel and in baths attached
to each end. The techniques for setting boundary conditions which
maintain ion concentrations in the baths and provide a driving
potential are tested. Provided the bath size is large enough, all
boundary conditions studied yield the same results.
¶
Continuum theories of electrolytes have previously been used to study
ion permeation. However, I show that these continuum models do not
accurately reproduce the physics taking place inside ion channels by
directly comparing the results of both equilibrium Poisson-Boltzmann
theory, and non-equilibrium Poisson-Nernst-Planck theory to
simulations. In both cases spurious shielding effects are found to
cancel out forces that play an important role in ion permeation. In
particular, the `reaction field' created by the ion entering the
narrow channel is underestimated. Attempts to correct these problems
by adding extra force terms to account for this reaction field also
fail.
¶
A model of the L-type calcium channel is presented and studied using
Brownian dynamics simulations and electrostatic calculations. The
mechanisms of permeation and selectivity are explained as the result
of simple electrostatic interactions between ions and the fixed
charges in the protein. The complex conductance properties of the
channel, including the current-voltage and current-concentration
relationships, the anomalous mole fraction behaviour between sodium
and calcium ions, the attenuation of calcium currents by monovalent
ions and the effects of mutating glutamate residues, are all
reproduced.
¶
Finally, the simulation and electrostatic calculation methods are used
to study the gramicidin A channel. It is found that the continuum
electrostatic calculations break down in this narrow channel, as the
concept of applying a uniform dielectric constant is not accurate in
this situation. Thus, the permeation properties of the channel are
examined using Brownian dynamics simulations without electrostatic
calculations. Future applications and improvements of the Brownian
dynamics simulation technique are also described.
3
Mahankali, Uma. "Computer Simulation Studies of CLC Chloride Channels and Transporters." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1157115905.
Full text
4
Song, Hyun Deok. "Computer Simulation Studies of Ion Channels at High Temperatures." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1328890332.
Full text
5
Lemanski, Michael J. Benton Jesse C. "Simulation for Smartnet scheduling of asynchronous transfer mode virtual channels /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA333481.
Full text
6
Cheung, Priscilla 1980. "Charles River City : an educational augmented reality simulation pocket PC game." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27096.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 79).
This thesis has designed and implemented Charles River City, an educational, location-based augmented reality simulation game that uses Pocket PC devices and GPS technology. As mobile devices and processing power become more common and affordable, high school teachers can take advantage of these technological advances to explore new channels for teaching and motivating students. The Charles River City game seeks to engage middle to high school students in learning science in a fun and innovative way. The story and background in the game is loosely based on a previous work called River City, a desktop multi-player virtual simulation game. In Charles River City, students work in teams to investigate the cause of several illnesses in a virtual town. Through interviewing virtual characters, gathering water samples, and analyzing collected data, students learn to think and solve problems as a scientist would. A test run of the game shows that the simulation game is an effective teaching tool that gives students a hands on experience in solving a real world problem that is fun and challenging.
by Priscilla Cheung.
M.Eng.
7
Kizakkevariath, Sankaranarayanan. "Hydrodynamic analysis and computer simulation applied to ship interaction during maneuvering in shallow channels." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54219.
Full textAbstract:
A generalized hydrodynamic interaction force model is combined with a ship maneuvering simulator to provide a free-running, closed loop ship simulation capable of trajectory predictions of ships operating in close proximity in a shallow, asymmetric canal. The interaction force model is based on the generalized Lagally's theorem, properly accounting for the orientations and dynamic motions of the ships. Also included are the lift forces and the cross-flow drag forces, which are found to be important for bank suction phenomena. A simplified method is implemented for box shapes, applicable for barge-tows operating in rivers. Results of the calculations are found to be generally in good agreement with experimental and other theoretical results.
This work would have utility in studying maneuvers involving ships and barges in close proximity and can be used in training pilots who operate in canals, harbors and rivers, and also in studying the effects of various steering control systems in the early design stages.Ph. D.
8
Kafaru, Olutumininu Olufolabomi. "An environment-dependent approach to wideband modelling and computer simulation of UHF mobile radio propagation in built-up areas." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253411.
Full text
9
Bounhieng, Vilaysane. "INTEGRATED IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HYDROLOGY OF THE XEDONE RIVER BASIN, LAO PDR." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/204586.
Full text
10
Fimbres, Weihs Gustavo Adolfo UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science & Technology Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Numerical simulation studies of mass transfer under steady and unsteady fluid flow in two- and three-dimensional spacer-filled channels." Publisher:University of New South Wales. UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science & Technology, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41453.
Full textAbstract:
Hollow fibre and spiral wound membrane (SWM) modules are the most common commercially available membrane modules. The latter dominate especially for RO, NF and UF and are the focus of this study. The main difficulty these types of modules face is concentration polarisation. In SWM modules, the spacer meshes that keep the membrane leaves apart also help reduce the effects of concentration polarisation. The spacer filaments act as flow obstructions, and thus encourage flow destabilisation and increase mass transfer enhancement. One of the detrimental aspects of the use of spacers is an increase of pressure losses in SWM modules. This study analyses the mechanisms that give rise to mass transfer enhancement in narrow spacer-filled channels, and investigates the relationship between flow destabilisation, energy losses and mass transfer. It shows that the regions of high mass transfer on the membrane surface correlate mainly with those regions where the fluid flow is towards the membrane. Based on the insights gained from this analysis, a series of multi-layer spacer designs are proposed and evaluated. In this thesis, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was used to simulate steady and unsteady flows with mass transfer in two- and three-dimensional narrow channels containing spacers. A solute with a Schmidt number of 600 dissolving from the wall and channel Reynolds numbers up to 1683 were considered. A fully-developed concentration profile boundary condition was utilised in order to reduce the computational costs of the simulations. Time averaging and Fourier analysis were performed to gain insight into the dynamics of the different flow regimes encountered, ranging from steady flow to vortex shedding behind the spacer filaments. The relationships between 3D flow effects, vortical flow, pressure drop and mass transfer enhancement were explored. Greater mass transfer enhancement was found for the 3D geometries modelled, when compared with 2D geometries, due to wall shear perpendicular to the bulk flow and streamwise vortices. Form drag was identified as the main component of energy loss for the flow conditions analysed. Implications for the design of improved spacer meshes, such as extra layers of spacer filaments to direct the bulk flow towards the membrane walls, and filament profiles to reduce form drag are discussed.
11
Imam, Bisher 1960. "Evaluation of disaggregation model in arid land stream flow generation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277033.
Full textAbstract:
A Disaggregation model was tested for arid land stream flow generating. The test was performed on data from Black River, near Fort Apache, Arizona. The model was tested in terms of preserving the relevant historical statistics on both monthly and daily levels, the monthly time series were disaggregated to a random observation of their daily components and the daily components were then reaggregated to yield monthly values. A computer model (DSGN) was developed to perform the model implementation. The model was written and executed on the Macintosh plus personal computer Data from two months were studied; the October data represented the low flow season, while the April data represented the high flow season. Twenty five years of data for each month was used. The generated data for the two months was compared with the historical data.
12
Ekström, Per, and Elisabeth Eriksson. "REDUNDANT FIRMWARE TEST SETUP IN SIMULATION AND HARDWARE: A FEASIBILITY STUDY." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40057.
Full textAbstract:
A reliable embedded real-time system has many requirements to fulfil. It must meet target deadlines in a number of situations, most of them in a situation that puts heavy stress on the system. To meet these demands, numerous tests have been created which test the hardware for any possible errors the developers might think of, in order to maximise system reliability and stability. These tests will take a lot of time to execute, and as system complexity grows, more tests are introduced leading to even longer testing times. In this thesis, a method to reduce the testing time of the software and, to a lesser extent, the hardware is examined. By using the full system simulator Simics, an existing industry system from ABB was integrated and tests were performed. A proof of concept test suite for automatic redundancy tests was also implemented. By looking at the test results, it was concluded that the method shows promise. However, problems with the average latency and performance troubles with Simics shows that more work must be put into this research before the system can be run at full speed.
13
Korhonen, T. (Topi). "Mathematical modeling of the regulation, development and genetically engineered experimental models of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514290756.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
Excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) is a process linking the electrical excitation of the muscle cell (myocyte) membrane to the contraction of the cell. In this study the possibilities of mathematical modeling were studied in current ECC research. Mathematical modeling was employed in two distinct ECC research areas, the enzymatic regulation of ECC and ECC during cardiac myocyte development. Despite the distinction, both of these are extremely complex biological systems characterized by diverse and partly contradictory reported experimental results, with a large part based on genetically engineered animal models.
Novel mathematical models were developed for both of these research areas. The model of ventricular myocyte ECC with calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-mediated regulation faithfully reproduced the heart-rate dependent regulation of ECC. This regulation is thought to be the major effect of CaMKII-mediated regulation. The model of the embryonic ventricular myocyte provided the first comprehensive system analysis of how the embryonic heartbeat is generated at the cellular level. A similar type of model was also developed to show the notable differences between neonatal and adult ventricular myocyte ECC.
The mathematical models of ECC presented in this study were further used to simulate ECC in genetically engineered myocytes. The cellular mechanisms of genetically engineered animal models could be better understood by employing mathematical modeling in parallel to experimental characterization of the animal model. It was found in simulations that the indirect consequences and the compensatory mechanisms induced by genetic modification may have a more significant effect on ECC than the direct consequences of the modification.
To understand the overwhelming complexity of biological systems including ECC, competent system analysis tools, such as mathematical modeling, are required. The purpose of mathematical modeling is not to replace the experimental studies, but to provide a more comprehensive system analysis based on the experimental data. This system analysis will help in planning subsequent experiments needed to gain the most relevant information about the studied biological system.
14
Mounir, Adil. "Development of a Reservoir System Operation Model for Water Sustainability in the Yaqui River Basin." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1513880139368117.
Full text
15
Lim, Kok Seng. "Analysis of network management protocols in optical networks." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FLim%5FK.pdf.
Full text
16
Pischel, Esther Maria. "Investigating the Link Between Surface Water and Groundwater in the Tule Lake Subbasin, Oregon and California." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1941.
Full textAbstract:
Water allocation in the upper Klamath Basin of Oregon and California has been challenging. Irrigators have increasingly turned to groundwater to make up for surface water shortages because of shifts in allocation toward in-stream flows for Endangered Species Act listed fishes. The largest increase in groundwater pumping has been in and around the Bureau of Reclamation's Klamath Irrigation Project, which includes the Tule Lake subbasin in the southern part of the upper Klamath Basin. Previous groundwater flow model simulations indicate that water level declines from pumping may result in decreased flow to agricultural drains in the Tule Lake subbasin. Agricultural drains on the Klamath Project are an important source of water for downstream irrigators and for the Tule Lake and Lower Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuges. To better assess the impact of increased pumping on drain flow and on the water balance of the groundwater system, flow data from agricultural drains were evaluated to investigate the changes that have taken place in groundwater discharge to drains since pumping volumes increased. Additionally, a fine-grid groundwater model of the Tule Lake subbasin was developed based on the existing regional flow model. The fine-grid model has sufficient vertical and horizontal resolution to simulate vertical head gradients, takes advantage of time-series data from 38 observation wells for model calibration, and allows agricultural drains to be more explicitly represented. Results of the drain flow analysis show that the groundwater discharge to agricultural drains has decreased by approximately 4000 hectare-meters from the 1997-2000 average discharge. Most of this decrease takes place in the northern and southeastern portions of the subbasin. Results of the groundwater model show that the initial source of water to wells is groundwater storage. By 2006, approximately 56% of the water from wells is sourced from agricultural drains.
17
Choodegowda, Ravikumar B. "Modeling small reservoirs in the Great Plains to estimate overflow and ground-water recharge." Diss., Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4610.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
James K. Koelliker
Small reservoirs catch and store water for long periods and they decrease streamflow and increase ground-water recharge. A field monitoring program provided the measured water depth for four years in several reservoirs in the Republican River Basin where there are concerns about their aggregate effects in the basin. The daily water budget operation for one reservoir was developed. Daily seepage rates were estimated by using precipitation, inflow and evaporation which was assumed equal to grass reference evapotranspiration (ET0), that average 120 to 150 cm/yr, along with the measured stage-storage and stage-surface area relationships. Two computer simulation modules, written in FORTRAN 95, were developed to estimate 1) overflow and gross seepage and 2) potential for ground-water recharge underneath the reservoir. Required daily input data are precipitation, ET0, and inflow from the watershed area. Required reservoir site characteristics include stage-storage and stage-surface area relationships, a standard seepage rate (S0) at 14 different levels in the reservoir, soil-water and plant-growth characteristics and a monthly crop-residue factor. The gross seepage module calculates water depth that determines daily overflow, the water-surface area for evaporation and the head of water on the 14 levels to cause seepage losses. If a level is not inundated, seepage is zero. If a level is inundated less than 0.3-m, S0 is used. When the water head (hL) on a level exceeds 0.3 m, the seepage rate (SL) is increased by, SL = S0 * (hL/0.3)0.25. This relationship was chosen after testing several exponent values between 0 and 1. The modules were calibrated on one reservoir and verified on two others in northwestern Kansas. Results showed runoff from the watersheds averaged about 1.2 to 1.6 cm/yr from the average annual precipitation of 46 to 62 cm. The three reservoirs reduced streamflow at the reservoir site by 74 to 97%, but 90 to 95% of the retained runoff was calculated to contribute to ground-water recharge. Several sensitivity analyses for model inputs were done. Results showed that, the ratio of the average annual inflow volume from the watershed area to the reservoir storage volume was the most sensitive input variable tested.
18
Hoyles, Matthew. "Computer Simulation of Biological Ion Channels." Phd thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/47286.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes a project in which algorithms are developed for the rapid and accurate solution of Poisson's equation in the presence of a dielectric boundary and multiple point charges. These algorithms are then used to perform Brownian dynamics simulations on realistic models of biological ion channels. An iterative method of solution, in which the dielectric boundary is tiled with variable sized surface charge sectors, provides the flexibility to deal with arbitrarily shaped boundaries, but is too slow to perform Brownian dynamics. An analytical solution is derived, which is faster and more accurate, but only works for a toroidal boundary. Finally, a method is developed of pre-calculating solutions to Poisson's equation and storing them in tables. The solution for a particular configuration of ions in the channel can then be assembled by interpolation from the tables and application of the principle of superposition. This algorithm combines the flexibility of the iterative method with greater speed even than the analytical method, and is fast enough that channel conductance can be predicted. The results of simulations for a model single-ion channel, based on the acetylcholine receptor channel, show that the narrow pore through the low dielectric strength medium of the protein creates an energy barrier which restricts the permeation of ions. They further show that this barrier can be removed by dipoles in the neck of the channel, but that the barrier is not removed by shielding by counter-ions. The results of simulations for a model multi-ion channel, based on a bacterial potassium channel, show that the model channel has conductance characteristics similar to those of real potassium channels. Ions appear to move through the model multi-ion channel via rapid transitions between a series of semi-stable states. This observation suggests a possible physical basis for the reaction rate theory of channel conductance, and opens up an avenue for future research.
19
Chen, Rong-Jie, and 陳榮傑. "Computer Simulation of Single Screw with Double Channels." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19718671245564820732.
Full text
20
Shao, Zhi-Jie, and 邵志傑. "COMPUTER SIMULATION OF SINGLE SCREW WITH DOUBLE CHANNELS." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55157982073269046740.
Full text
21
Corry, Ben Alexander. "Simulation Studies of Biological Ion Channels." Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/46252.
Full textAbstract:
Biological ion channels are responsible for, and regulate the communication system in the body. In this thesis I develop, test and apply theoretical models of ion channels, that can relate their structure to their functional properties. Brownian dynamics simulations are introduced, in which the motions of individual ions are simulated as they move through the channel and in baths attached to each end. The techniques for setting boundary conditions which maintain ion concentrations in the baths and provide a driving potential are tested. Provided the bath size is large enough, all boundary conditions studied yield the same results. ...
22
Lin, Chen-fu, and 林承甫. "Numerical Simulation of Two-dimensional Unsteady Flows in River channels-the Yuanshantze Diversion Case." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82081285624506116045.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
98
The objective of this study is to apply 2D numerical method of characteristics to investigate relation of flow and stage elevation at the Yuansantze Diversion Section of Keelung River. It is intended to develop such a relation for practical engineering purposes to predict inflow and discharges through all of the outlets so that a better flood control and facility maintenance can be achieved. Numerically, a two dimension model of Characteristics is introduced and repeated to observe it performance properly. After applying a rainfall-runoff model for the upstream basin which has a outlet at the inflow cross-section and check the flow conditions, it is found that a hydraulic jump is impossible to occur at the downstream of the inlet under sub-critical flow condition. However, it was found that water elevations of field stages in this area indicate water elevations of downstream stages are higher than those of upstream in most cases. Rather, there are only two cases in which water elevations of the upstream gage stations are higher than those of downstream stations. One case is use for model calibration and the other for model verification. The computed results are compared with field measurements. Reasonable comparisons are observed. The difference may due to the effects of sudden closure of the sand gates. Mass conservation is checked as required. It is well known that there is no unique rating cure between discharge and elevation for unsteady flows. It is risky to extend rating cure based on steady assumption. An accurate numerical 2D model to simulate flows through a complicate river sections is strongly in need. A capability of the model to simulate the controlling behavior of sand gates is recommended to be incorporated into the numerical model for better simulations in the future.
23
Hakeem, Mohammed Jameel. "A Simulation Study of Cooperative Communications over HF Channels." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3815.
Full textAbstract:
The High Frequency (HF) band lies within 2-30 MHz of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this part of the spectrum, propagation via direct wave, surface wave, and ionospheric refraction mechanisms provides means of communications from line-of-sight to beyond-line-of-sight ranges. The characteristics of ionospheric channel impose fundamental limitations on the performance of HF communication systems. The major impairment is fading which results in random fluctuations in the received signal level and affects the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio. This requires the deployment of powerful diversity techniques to mitigate the degrading effects of fading on the performance. The range of wavelengths in HF band unfortunately restricts the use of spatial diversity (i.e., deployment of multiple antennas) for most practical purposes. This thesis focuses on an alternative method to exploit the spatial dimension of the HF channel. Specifically, we aim to extract distributed spatial diversity through relay-assisted transmission. Towards this main goal, we consider multi-carrier HF communication and investigate the performance of cooperative OFDM over HF channels.
24
Lin, Tsung-Ju, and 林宗儒. "Developing a Computer Simulation System for River Embankment Construction Projects." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53155757390928607390.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
95
Taiwan Government spends great amount of money to build, repair or rehabilitate, and maintain river embankment every year. For instance, there were 234,560-meter-long and 45,242-meter-long river bank new built and rehabilitated in 2004, respectively. Due to the influence of typhoon, the flood prevention season normally is from June to October in each year. Thus, there is not much time left for contractor to finish river embankment project in a year in which is the time-span usually scheduled to complete an embankment project. As a result, how to implement such project efficiently becomes a more important issue than other type of construction projects. This study aims at developing a discrete event simulation system for facilitating the design and analysis of river embankment construction operations by conducting the following experiments: 1. collect field data including construction operations and activity duration; 2. build discrete event simulation models and fit collected duration data to probability density functions (PDFs); 3. install data base for storing the simulation models and PDFs describing activity duration; 4. examine the practicability for the models; 5. transfer the studied results to the related contractor.
25
Kassem, Sarah. "Wave modeling at the mouth of the Columbia River." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33838.
Full textAbstract:
As the second largest river in the U.S., the entrance to the Columbia River is home to some of the most extreme wave conditions on the Pacific Coast. Winter storms commonly generate waves 6-8 m in height, which in combination with strong tidal currents, can produce dangerous navigation conditions. To improve understanding of the wave dynamics in this complex setting, the SWAN model is applied; 2 hindcasts are conducted and an operations forecast is developed. The model is forced with offshore wave heights obtained from a buoy located in 134 m water depth (for the hindcasts) and a specialized WaveWatchIII forecast (for the forecast). In both cases tidal currents are obtained from SELFE, a circulation model of the Columbia River. The hindcasts are validated through measurements obtained from an inshore buoy located in 25 m water depth, a 4-week field experiment and remote sensing methods. The model performs best at the location of the buoy, with a normalized root-mean-squared error (NRMSE) of 11%, primarily because it is outside the area of strong tidal currents. Within the river mouth, the model is able to predict the changes in the wave field due to currents, but its performance is limited by errors in velocity estimates and strong shears in the tidal current profile. From the modeling work, it is evident that wave transformations at the mouth of the river are dominated by the tidal currents. The forecast has been operational since August 2011 and provides 45-hours of predictive wave information. In comparison with measured wave heights at the buoy, the forecast performs well, with a NRMSE of 16%. The majority of errors are caused by errors in the input conditions, since they themselves are forecasted. Additional errors arise from phase-resolved properties in the wave field that the model is unable to produce; these errors are also present in the hindcasts. Despite the limitations, this forecast provides valuable information to bar pilots since it includes the effects of the tidal currents.Graduation date: 2013
26
Atim, Janet. "Application of integrated water resources management in computer simulation of River Basin's status - case study of River Rwizi." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/110.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Tech. - (Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology))--Vaal University of Technology, 2010.During the last few years, concern has been growing among many stakeholders all over the world about declining levels of surface water bodies accompanied by reduced water availability predominantly due to ever increasing demand and misuse. Furthermore, overexploitation of environmental resources and haphazard dumping of waste has made the little water remaining to be so contaminated that a dedicated rehabilitation/remediation of the environment is the only proactive way forward. River Rwizi Catchment is an environment in the focus of this statement. The overall objective of this research was to plan, restore and rationally allocate the water resources in any river basin with similar attributes to the study area. In this research, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) methodology was applied through Watershed/Basin Simulation Models for general river basins. The model chosen and used after subjection to several criteria was DHI Model, MIKE BASIN 2009 Version. It was then appropriately developed through calibration on data from the study catchment, input data formatting and its adaptation to the catchment characteristics. The methodology involved using spatio-temporal demographic and hydrometeorological data. It was established that the model can be used to predict the impact of projects on the already existing enviro-hydrological system while assigning priority to water users and usage as would be deemed necessary, which is a significant procedure in IWRM-based environmental rehabilitation/remediation. The setback was that the available records from the various offices visited had a lot of data gaps that would affect the degree of accuracy of the output. These gaps were appropriately infilled and gave an overall output that was adequate for inferences made therefrom. Several scenarios tested included; use and abstraction for the present river situation, the effect of wet/dry seasons on the resultant water available for use, and proposed projects being constructed on and along the river. Results indicated that the river had insufficient flow to sustain both the current and proposed water users. It was concluded that irrespective of over exploitation, lack of adequate rainfall was not a reason for the low discharge but rather the loss of rainwater as evaporation, storage in swamps/wetlands, and a considerable amount of water recharging groundwater aquifers. Thus, the proposed remedy is to increase the exploitation of the groundwater resource in the area and reduce the number of direct river water users, improve farming methods and conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water - the latter as a dam on River Rwizi. The advantage of the dam is that the water usage can be controlled as necessary in contrast to unregulated direct abstraction, thus reducing the risk of subsequent over-exploitation.
Vaal University of Technology
27
Vora, Taira. "The computational modelling of biological ion channels." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151747.
Full text
28
ZHU, BAO-LONG, and 朱保龍. "A computer simulation of the formation of membrane receptor channels and their responses to applied EII-field." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94974171547407422090.
Full text
29
Thompson, Jessica D. "Best management practices and stream water quality : exploring the use of SWAT in northeast Indiana." 2011. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1644451.
Full textAbstract:
The U.S. government implemented many incentive programs in the 1980s to encourage
farmers to reduce agricultural runoff and erosion through the use of best management
practices (BMPs). Remote sensing, GIS, and modeling, have been used to determine the
effectiveness of BMPs through comparisons of before and after BMP implementation.
The Salamonie watershed in Northeastern Indiana was studied for BMP effectiveness.
The study addresses how agricultural practices have changed over a twenty nine year
period (1975-2003), and how the implementation of BMPs will decrease the amount of
sediment and nutrient load to surface waters. Methods reported on include the use of the
Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) watershed model and how different weather
data (precipitation and temperature) greatly affects streamflow predictions, as well as the
effects of BMP implementation on sediment loads to surface water. The outcomes of this
study provide a viable argument of how BMPs implementation positively affects water
quality in the watershed region by effectively reducing sediment loads.Department of Geography
30
"Modeling the impact of landuse changes on nonpoint source pollution loading in the Guanlan River Basin." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890668.
Full textAbstract:
Hui Wing-chi.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-141).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
LIST OF TABLES --- p.xi
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xiii
LIST OF ACRONYMS --- p.xvii
Chapter CHAPTER ONE- --- INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Conceptual Framework and Study Objectives --- p.7
Chapter 1.3 --- Scope of the Research and Study Area --- p.10
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Location and Climate --- p.10
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Geology --- p.12
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Landuse Characteristics and Status of Water Quality --- p.13
Chapter 1.4 --- Significance of Study --- p.14
Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of Thesis --- p.16
Chapter CHAPTER TWO - --- LITERATURE REVIEW
Chapter 2.1 --- Landuse Alteration --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Urbanization and Landuse Changes --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Detecting Landuse Changes in Urbanizing Region --- p.19
Chapter 2.2 --- Impact of Landuse Alteration on Water Quality --- p.21
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Point and Nonpoint Sources of Water Pollution --- p.22
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Nonpoint Source Pollution as a Worldwide Environmental Problem --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Methods of Assessing Nonpoint Source Pollution --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.4 --- GIS-based Modeling of Nonpoint Source Pollution --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Application of Remote Sensing on Water Quality Study --- p.27
Chapter 2.3 --- Landuse Changes and Their Water Quality Impacts in the Pearl River Delta --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Economic Reform and Urbanization --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Urban Redevelopment --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Rural Industrialization --- p.33
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Water Pollution --- p.34
Chapter CHAPTER THREE - --- METHODOLOGY
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.36
Chapter 3.2 --- Computation of Areal Nonpoint Source Pollution Loading --- p.38
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Assumptions --- p.38
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Curve Number Method --- p.39
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Generation of Nonpoint Source Pollutants --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Model Operation --- p.43
Chapter 3.3 --- Instream Water Quality Modeling --- p.45
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Description ofWASP5 --- p.46
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Hydraulic Parameters --- p.47
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Model Constants --- p.48
Chapter 3.4 --- Description of Model Input Data --- p.49
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Watershed Delineation --- p.49
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Soil Data --- p.51
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Rainfall Data --- p.52
Chapter 3.4.4 --- Detection Landuse Changes --- p.53
Chapter 3.4.4.1 --- Image Preprocessing --- p.54
Chapter 3.4.4.2 --- Classification and Post-classification Analysis --- p.57
Chapter 3.4.4.3 --- Assessment of Accuracy --- p.60
Chapter 3.5 --- Scenario Modeling --- p.61
Chapter CHAPTER FOUR - --- INTERFACING ARCVIE W GIS WITH WATER QUALITY MODEL
Chapter 4.1 --- Watershed Parameter Generator --- p.64
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Topographic Analysis and Stream Network Definition --- p.65
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Vectorization of Basin Geometries --- p.68
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Computation of Basin Geometric Characteristics --- p.69
Chapter 4.2 --- Nonpoint Source Pollution Loading Generator --- p.69
Chapter 4.3 --- Instream Water Quality Calculator --- p.74
Chapter CHAPTER FIVE- --- LANDUSE AND LAND COVER CHANGES ANALYSIS
Chapter 5.1 --- Framework for Analysis --- p.78
Chapter 5.2 --- Landuse Changes During the Study Period --- p.82
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Areal Landuse Changes --- p.82
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Inter-category Landuse Changes --- p.86
Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- Rural-to-urban Changes --- p.86
Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- Rural-to-rural Changes --- p.87
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Error matrix --- p.88
Chapter 5.3 --- Spatial Pattern of Landuse and Land cover --- p.91
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Urban Land --- p.92
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Rural Areas --- p.94
Chapter 5.4 --- Scenario Building --- p.96
Chapter 5.5 --- Limitation of Landuse Classification based on Satellite Image Interpretation --- p.96
Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.98
Chapter CHAPTER SIX - --- IMPACTS OF LANDUSE CHANGES ON NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION LOADING AND WATER QUALITY
Chapter 6.1 --- Impact of Landuse Changes on NPS Loading --- p.100
Chapter 6.1.1 --- Identification of Curve Number --- p.100
Chapter 6.1.2 --- Runoff and Areal Nonpoint Source Pollution Loadings --- p.101
Chapter 6.1.3 --- Sensitivity of NPS Pollution Loading to Landuse Changes --- p.107
Chapter 6.2 --- Instream Water Quality Analysis --- p.110
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Downstream Variation of Water Quality --- p.111
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Comparison with NWQC II --- p.114
Chapter 6.3 --- Strategic Landuse Management --- p.117
Chapter 6.4 --- Limitation of the Study --- p.118
Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN - --- CONCLUSION
Chapter 7.1 --- Summary of Findings --- p.122
Chapter 7.1.1 --- Landuse and Land Cover Changes --- p.122
Chapter 7.1.2 --- GIS-based Water Quality Modeling --- p.123
Chapter 7.1.3 --- Pollution Loading and Instream Water Quality --- p.124
Chapter 7.2 --- Future Study --- p.125
REFERENCES --- p.127
31
Scherberg, Jacob N. "The development of a hydrological model of the Walla Walla Basin using Integrated Water Flow Model." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29731.
Full textAbstract:
The Walla Walla basin lies in an arid region of Eastern Washington and Oregon. A large portion of the area is devoted to agricultural production, relying on irrigation water diverted from the Walla Walla River and underlying aquifers occurring within Quaternary and Mio-pliocene era gravel deposits, as well as a supplemental source from the Columbia River Basalt formation. Heavy water demand over summer months has resulted in a fully allocated surface water supply and significant drawdown in groundwater levels. The Walla Walla River also hosts two salmonid species listed as threatened under the endangered species act and entitled to federal protection. Specific questions have emerged regarding regional water supply as stakeholders work towards management strategies that meet water user demands, well also addressing concerns such as groundwater depletion and fish habitat. Currently, there are proposals aimed at increasing water use efficiency such as the lining of permeable canal beds and the expansion of a shallow aquifer recharge program. Effective implementation of such strategies, in part, relies on understanding the interactions between surface water and groundwater within this region.
This project used the distributed hydrologic model, Integrated Water Flow Model (IWFM), for simulating surface and subsurface flows over a portion of the Walla Walla River basin spanning from Milton Freewater, Oregon to west of Touchet, Washington. This application of IWFM uses a grid with an average spacing of 100 x 100 meters over the 230 square kilometer model area. The model was developed and calibrated using data from 2007 through 2009, with 2010 data to be used as a data set for validation. Data collection has been a collaborative effort between a research team from Oregon State University and the Walla Walla Basin Watershed Council (WWBWC).
This thesis provides explanation and documentation of model development. This includes details of data collection and processing for groundwater and surface water conditions, estimation of initial and boundary conditions, parameter calibration, model validation, and error analysis. Data sources include federal and state agencies, a gauge network managed by the WWBWC, and geologic research primarily performed by Kevin Lindsey of GSI Water Solutions with support of the WWBWC. Parameters have been independently determined from field measurements whenever possible. Otherwise they were estimated using established methods of hydrologic analysis, values drawn from previous regional studies, or the process of model calibration. Outputs include detailed hydrological budgets and hydrographs for groundwater and surface water gauges. The calibrated model has an overall correlation coefficient of 0.59 for groundwater and 0.63 for surface water. The standard deviation for groundwater is 3.2 meters at 62 well locations and surface water has a mean relative error of 22.3 percent at 34 gauges. This model intended as a tool for formulating water budgets for the basin under present conditions and making predictions of systemic responses to hypothetical water management scenarios. Scenarios of increased inputs into the Locher Road aquifer recharge site and conversion of irrigation district canals into pipelines are presented.Graduation date: 2012
32
Hung, Tzu-ho, and 洪子賀. "Application of Computer Process Simulation to Assist in the Carbon Inventory of Construction Operations – Using the Concrete Construction of a River Bank Project as An Example." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h975ay.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
營建管理研究所
103
With the global warming and climate change problems, countries all over the world are putting more and more efforts in reducing the greenhouse gas emission to ensure the sustainable development of the earth. As a result, many industries are doing their part to try to disclose the carbon footprint of their products by auditing the carbon emission throughout the lifecycle of a product. With no exception, the construction industry also begins to audit the carbon emission throughout the lifecycle of a construction project. Nonetheless, unlike many manufacturing products, every construction project is custom made and built in different site condition. More than often construction equipment is shared by various tasks in operations in a construction site. To make things worse, construction equipment in occasions is shared in several construction project sites. They all make the auditing of the operating time as well as oil consumption of a construction machine for the entire project as well as for the individual tasks in the operation more difficult. The research tries to take the advantage of computer process simulation to assist in auditing the carbon emission of a construction project in its building phase. The concrete construction of a river bank project is used as an example in this study. A simulation model according to the in-situ operating sequence with different machines was build first. Time duration of various tasks in the operation was then collected on site and input into the model for running the simulation. In the meantime, actual construction time and oil consumption were collected on site as well. The simulation results, including total project duration and oil consumption were compared to the actual ones for validation of the model. The difference between these two is within 5% that demonstrates a sound result. With the simulation model and results, the total oil consumption of a construction machine, as well as the proportion of them used in different tasks can be measured. By employing the computer process simulation it greatly improves the effectiveness of carbon auditing of a construction project for its building phase.