Dissertations / Theses: 'River bar'

1

Carlin, Mattia. "The response of river bar topography to the hydrological flow regime." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/312573.

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Alternate bars are large-scale bedforms characterised by an ordered sequence of scour zones and depositional diagonal fronts alternating along channel banks, which are typical of straight channelized rivers. Due to their high relief and migration properties, they represent a problem in river management, because they affect navigation, increase the flooding risk and interact with instream structures. For this reason, in the last decades many studies took the challenge of defining suitable criteria able to describe their morphometric properties. Theoretical, experimental and numerical works have clearly demonstrated that bar occurrence is a threshold process governed by the width-to-depth ratio of the channel, β. If this parameter exceeds a critical threshold, βcr, an instability mechanism amplifies the riverbed perturbations occurring due to the effect of the turbulent flow on the cohesionless riverbed, leading to the spontaneous growth of finite amplitude bars. Under steady flow conditions, alternate bars achieve an equilibrium configuration, whose amplitude value is related to the difference β-βcr. Much less information is available to describe bar characteristics under variable flow conditions, when the width-to-depth ratio changes in time and the amplitude of bars evolves depending on the duration and the shape of the hydrograph. The effect of a single idealized flood on bar amplitude evolution was successfully described by the weakly nonlinear model of Tubino (1991), which was able to capture the trajectory of bar amplitude during different stages of the flood. Supported by experimental results, he found that the response of bars crucially depends on the ratio between the flood duration and the bar-growth timescale. Nevertheless, the effect of a complex flow regime, characterised by a sequence of flow events, is to a large extent unexplored. Specifically, (i) the definition of a criterion to predict the average response of alternate bars in a river reach subject to an hydrological flow regime and (ii) the quantification of bar amplitude evolution due to a complex flow regime are still to a large extent unexplored. The goals of this work are: (i) to investigate the dependence of bar properties to variable discharge conditions; (ii) to analyse the effect of flow unsteadiness in terms of duration and sequencing of flood events and derive the main hydrological characteristics that primarily control the average response of bar amplitude; (iii) to determine the long-term bar geometry and define the "bar-forming'' discharge, which is the theoretical discharge that if maintained indefinitely would produce the same long-term bar response as the natural hydrograph; (iv) to analyse the effect that a sequence of flood events composing a complex flow series has on the evolution of bar amplitude. To pursue these purposes, we adopted a methodology primary based on theoretical models, then supported and validated through the analysis of laboratory experiments and field data. The methodology and the key results for the different parts of this thesis can be summarized as follows: 1. First, the response of bar topography to different flow stages has been investigated both theoretically and through the analysis of experimental data, observing the dependence of alternate bars to peculiar threshold conditions. The validity of weakly nonlinear model of Colombini et al. (1987), originally defined in the neighborhood of the critical condition βcr, has been extended taking into account the emersion of bars for low flows. 2. Subsequently, the average response of bars to idealized flow series has been analysed, exploring their dependence on the duration and sequencing of flood events. The probability density function has been found to be the essential hydrological information of the flow series required to determine the long-term response of bar amplitude, while the integral scale of flow sequence is a suitable metric to quantify the unsteadiness of a flow regime. 3. Then, an innovative approach has been introduced to define an occurrence criterion for alternate bars in straightened river reaches that accounts for the hydrological regime, and to determine the average bar state, with the corresponding "bar-forming'' discharge. The key novelty with respect to the classical methods adopted so far to predict the long-term equilibrium channel geometry is that in this case the morphodynamical work acted on river bars by relatively low-flow stages enhancing their formation can be reversed by high-flow stages that suppress them. Therefore, both the occurrence criterion and the average state are found from a balance between the cumulative effects of bar-forming and bar-suppressing events. 4. Finally, the weakly nonlinear model of Colombini et al. (1987), originally defined to predict the evolution of bars under steady flow conditions, has been extended to reproduce a natural flow series by considering the basic flow varying in time. This approach allows us to (i) statistically investigate the effect of flood magnitude and duration on the variations of bar amplitude and (ii) to simulate the morphological response of a river to alterations of the hydrological regime.The long-term analysis of bar amplitude, as such as its evolution subject to the hydrological flow regime, have been applied to four different study cases, each of them characterised by a distinctive average bar response: two reaches of the Alpine Rhine River, upstream and downstream the confluence of the River Ill (Switzerland), respectively, the Adige River near Trento (Italy) and the Isère River near Montmèlian (France). The theoretical model is able to capture both qualitatively and quantitatively the observed bed response. Specifically, it predicts the occurrence of high-relief bars for the upstream reach of the Alpine Rhine River and for the Isère River, while a plane configuration is predicted for the Adige River. Also the intermediate response of the downstream reach of the Alpine Rhine River is reproduced, showing a predominant flat bed morphology with sporadic low-relief bars.

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2

Carlin, Mattia. "The response of river bar topography to the hydrological flow regime." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/312573.

Full text

Abstract:

Alternate bars are large-scale bedforms characterised by an ordered sequence of scour zones and depositional diagonal fronts alternating along channel banks, which are typical of straight channelized rivers. Due to their high relief and migration properties, they represent a problem in river management, because they affect navigation, increase the flooding risk and interact with instream structures. For this reason, in the last decades many studies took the challenge of defining suitable criteria able to describe their morphometric properties. Theoretical, experimental and numerical works have clearly demonstrated that bar occurrence is a threshold process governed by the width-to-depth ratio of the channel, β. If this parameter exceeds a critical threshold, βcr, an instability mechanism amplifies the riverbed perturbations occurring due to the effect of the turbulent flow on the cohesionless riverbed, leading to the spontaneous growth of finite amplitude bars. Under steady flow conditions, alternate bars achieve an equilibrium configuration, whose amplitude value is related to the difference β-βcr. Much less information is available to describe bar characteristics under variable flow conditions, when the width-to-depth ratio changes in time and the amplitude of bars evolves depending on the duration and the shape of the hydrograph. The effect of a single idealized flood on bar amplitude evolution was successfully described by the weakly nonlinear model of Tubino (1991), which was able to capture the trajectory of bar amplitude during different stages of the flood. Supported by experimental results, he found that the response of bars crucially depends on the ratio between the flood duration and the bar-growth timescale. Nevertheless, the effect of a complex flow regime, characterised by a sequence of flow events, is to a large extent unexplored. Specifically, (i) the definition of a criterion to predict the average response of alternate bars in a river reach subject to an hydrological flow regime and (ii) the quantification of bar amplitude evolution due to a complex flow regime are still to a large extent unexplored. The goals of this work are: (i) to investigate the dependence of bar properties to variable discharge conditions; (ii) to analyse the effect of flow unsteadiness in terms of duration and sequencing of flood events and derive the main hydrological characteristics that primarily control the average response of bar amplitude; (iii) to determine the long-term bar geometry and define the "bar-forming'' discharge, which is the theoretical discharge that if maintained indefinitely would produce the same long-term bar response as the natural hydrograph; (iv) to analyse the effect that a sequence of flood events composing a complex flow series has on the evolution of bar amplitude. To pursue these purposes, we adopted a methodology primary based on theoretical models, then supported and validated through the analysis of laboratory experiments and field data. The methodology and the key results for the different parts of this thesis can be summarized as follows: 1. First, the response of bar topography to different flow stages has been investigated both theoretically and through the analysis of experimental data, observing the dependence of alternate bars to peculiar threshold conditions. The validity of weakly nonlinear model of Colombini et al. (1987), originally defined in the neighborhood of the critical condition βcr, has been extended taking into account the emersion of bars for low flows. 2. Subsequently, the average response of bars to idealized flow series has been analysed, exploring their dependence on the duration and sequencing of flood events. The probability density function has been found to be the essential hydrological information of the flow series required to determine the long-term response of bar amplitude, while the integral scale of flow sequence is a suitable metric to quantify the unsteadiness of a flow regime. 3. Then, an innovative approach has been introduced to define an occurrence criterion for alternate bars in straightened river reaches that accounts for the hydrological regime, and to determine the average bar state, with the corresponding "bar-forming'' discharge. The key novelty with respect to the classical methods adopted so far to predict the long-term equilibrium channel geometry is that in this case the morphodynamical work acted on river bars by relatively low-flow stages enhancing their formation can be reversed by high-flow stages that suppress them. Therefore, both the occurrence criterion and the average state are found from a balance between the cumulative effects of bar-forming and bar-suppressing events. 4. Finally, the weakly nonlinear model of Colombini et al. (1987), originally defined to predict the evolution of bars under steady flow conditions, has been extended to reproduce a natural flow series by considering the basic flow varying in time. This approach allows us to (i) statistically investigate the effect of flood magnitude and duration on the variations of bar amplitude and (ii) to simulate the morphological response of a river to alterations of the hydrological regime. The long-term analysis of bar amplitude, as such as its evolution subject to the hydrological flow regime, have been applied to four different study cases, each of them characterised by a distinctive average bar response: two reaches of the Alpine Rhine River, upstream and downstream the confluence of the River Ill (Switzerland), respectively, the Adige River near Trento (Italy) and the Isère River near Montmèlian (France). The theoretical model is able to capture both qualitatively and quantitatively the observed bed response. Specifically, it predicts the occurrence of high-relief bars for the upstream reach of the Alpine Rhine River and for the Isère River, while a plane configuration is predicted for the Adige River. Also the intermediate response of the downstream reach of the Alpine Rhine River is reproduced, showing a predominant flat bed morphology with sporadic low-relief bars.

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3

Sanford, John Perkins. "DAM REGULATIONS EFFECTS ON SAND BAR MIGRATION ON THE MISSOURI RIVER: SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09062007-094840/.

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4

Esposito, Christopher. "Differential Sedimentation In A Mississippi River Crevasse Splay." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1308.

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In this study the patterns of sediment transport and deposition in the channels and receiving basin of a crevasse splay in the modern Mississippi River delta are examined, with emphasis on the development of a distributary mouth bar. Simultaneous hydroacoustic and optical measurements on the mouth bar show that the bar conforms to the progradational stage of an existing conceptual model of mouth bar development. This is confirmed by cores dated using Beryllium-7, which provides a record of the deposition on the bar over a 90-day period. Stratigraphic data from cores obtained on the bar are used to extend the conceptual model to account for variable riverine inputs. A numerical model, developed and validated using field data is capable of representing the fundamental sedimentary processes responsible for mouth bar progradation. These results will be of interest to coastal geologists, engineers and coastal managers alike.

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5

寺本, 敦子, Atsuko TERAMOTO, 哲郎辻本, and Tetsuro TSUJIMOTO. "植生域を伴う砂州の地形変化-木津川下流域を例として-." 土木学会, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8587.

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6

McGregor, Gillian Kathleen. "The geomorphological impacts of impoundments, with particular reference to tributary bar development on the Keiskamma River, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005510.

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The primary aim of this research was to develop and test a conceptual model of the geomorphological impacts of river regulation, based on a review of relevant international literature. It was motivated by the fact that there is very little local information on the topic, and it was intended that the model might provide a starting point for assessing the impact of impoundments on South African river systems. At present most research in South Africa on the impact of impoundments is undertaken from an ecological perspective. In order to manage our water resources sustainably it is necessary to have a better understanding of our river systems. South Africa is characterised by a variable climatic regime and, in order to supply water to the various user sectors of the nation, dams have to be larger than elsewhere in the world, to trap most of the mean annual runoff and provide a reliable water store (Alexander, 1985). South African dams have been designed to reduce the variability of a naturally variable regime. The impact of flow regulation in dryland rivers has been described as 'ecologically catastrophic at every level.' It is therefore hardly surprising that the impact of these dams on the natural functioning of rivers is substantial. The conceptual model showed that there are many responses to river impoundment, which are varied and complex, both in time and space. Responses or secondary impacts depended on the nature and degree of the primary impact or process alteration, on the sediment and flow regime of the river. High flows were affected in all cases and low flows were affected in most cases. The simplest form of change was Petts' (1979) concept of 'accommodation' of the regulated flow within the existing channel form. More complex responses occUrred where the channel perimeter was unstable, or where tributaries introduced fresh sediment loads. The river could adjust its long profile, cross sectional area and substrate composition by aggradation or degradation. The conceptual model was used in the Building Block Methodology to predict impoundment impacts at Instream Flow Requirement workshops on the Berg, Komati and Bivane rivers. It was also used in assessing the impact of the Sandile Dam on the Keiskamma river. Tributary junctions were identified as likely sites of change, and the morphology of bars at these junctions was investigated. Due to the number of variables affecting the sediment and flow regime in the system, and due to the fact that the primary impacts were not substantial, it was not possible to come to any decisive conclusions. It would seem that the dam is well located in the catchment, and, because the water is not heavily utilised, the secondary impacts are not great. The conceptual model was found to be a useful basic tool which might contribute to a better understanding of our river systems, and ultimately to improved sustainable resource management.

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7

Perkins, Ashley. "Distribution and abundance of nearshore aquatic habitat, Fraser River, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/237.

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Physical habitat for instream biota derives from a combination of stream system structural and hydraulic phenomena. Consequently, the quantity and quality of physical habitat is dynamic both over time and in space along the river, laterally, longitudinally and vertically. Its characterization through stream assessment and classification leads to a better understanding of factors that determine and limit habitat extent and quality. This thesis investigates the effects of space and time on nearshore aquatic habitat in the gravel reach of Fraser River, British Columbia by employing a large river, stage-adaptive habitat classification system. The distribution and abundance of habitat are spatially quantified at the reach scale (32 km), and temporally quantified through a period of about 60 years at several adjacent gravel bars (7 km), and at approximately 500 m3 s-1 increments in discharge during the declining limb of the flood hydrograph at two well-developed gravel bars. Of the ten habitat types evaluated, the bar edge habitat type is most abundant by length and number of units. However, its relative importance is reduced when weighted by fish-habitat association characteristics. Preferred habitat types (channel nook, eddy pool and open nook) are frequent and available to aquatic organisms, and most common at well-developed bars and in zones of equilibrium long-term sedimentation. Preferred habitat was at a maximum 30 years ago when major new bars developed and the thalweg shifted, effectively increasing the amount of bar shoreline and nearshore habitat. This increase is due to substantial change in river planform morphology following a 30-year period of large annual floods. However, amounts of habitat did not increase exclusively during periods of higher than average flows, or decrease exclusively during periods of lower than average flows. Instead, habitat abundance response to flow may occur with a two- or three-year lag. Short term changes in stage are critical to amount of preferred habitat. Optimal discharge for maximum preferred habitat vailability is in the range of approximately 2500 m3 s-1 to 4000 m3 s-1, which approximates long term mean flow. As flow increases, the proportion of preferred habitat compared with total bar shoreline decreases. Comparison with the 2006 flow duration curve shows that 15 – 30 % of discharges are optimal for maximum fish density and biomass. These discharges occurred during April 27 to May 17 and July 14 to August 7, 2006.

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8

Shampa. "Hydro-morphological Study of Braided River with Permeable Bank Protection Structure." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242463.

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9

Barens, Leonardus Maria. "Seismic and well test analysis methods to characterise fluvially deposited reservoir elements." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/510.

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10

Sharp, Michael G. "Ghost Water Exhibition." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6272.

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The Ghost Water exhibition of artworks by Michael Sharp was comprised of four main works titled: 30 x 60 Minute Grid Series, Suspension, History/Prehistory, and Lake Bonneville Remnants. The artwork was created as a reaction to the land that once held the prehistoric Lake Bonneville and to its current remnant Great Salt Lake. The work explores the dialogue between absence and presence.

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11

Cordier, Florian. "Morphodynamique des bancs dans des rivières aménagées à granulométrie étendue." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1149/document.

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Les rivières présentent généralement un lit ondulé dû à la présence de bancs, qui correspondent à des larges dépôts sédimentaires alternant avec des zones profondes (mouilles). Des travaux d'ingénierie importants et répétés modifiant la géométrie du cours d'eau, le régime hydraulique et l'apport sédimentaire peuvent à terme modifier la dynamique des bancs à l'échelle de la rivière. Une meilleure compréhension des processus liés aux bancs est importante pour les gestionnaires des rivières, car les bancs contrôlent activement la morphologie du lit et érodent les berges, impactant la navigation, les prises d'eaux, les ouvrages et la qualité des habitats. Même si les mécanismes régissant la formation et le développement des bancs sont bien compris, la compréhension de la morphodynamique des bancs en milieu fluvial reste limitée, en raison de la non-linéarité induite par la combinaison de facteurs naturels en atrophiques. La non-uniformité des sédiments est une caractéristique inhérente des rivières, mais son impact sur la propriété des bancs, même dans des cas simplifiés, reste obscure. Ce travail de thèse vise à étudier l'impact de l'hétérogénéité granulométrique sur des bancs dans des chenaux endigués, via l'utilisation d'un modèle morphodynamique bi-dimensionnel implémenté dans le système Telemac-Mascaret. Les développements numériques nécessaires sont apportés afin d'être en accord avec l'état de l'art sur la modélisation de bancs avec un sédiment-non-uniforme. Par la suite, ce modèle est utilisé pour l'étude de la morphodynamique des bancs dans un chenal rectiligne sur la base d'expériences réalisées en laboratoire. Finalement, l'analyse est transférée sur un tronçon de 1 km de la Loire, caractérisé par sa géométrie relativement complexe. Les résultats permettent de valider l'approche de modélisation et démontrent la portabilité pour d'autres études, apportent plus d'éléments sur la relation entre sédiment non-uniforme et les bancs, et pourront être utilisés pour préconiser les gestionnaires des rivières
Rivers often present a wavy bed topography due to the presence of bars, corresponding to large sediment deposits alternating with deeper areas (pools). Intense and continual river engineering works altering the river geometry, flow regime and sediment supply can impact bar morphodynamics at the reach scale. A deep knowledge of bar processes is important for river managers, because bars actively control the river bed topography and influence bank erosion, with consequences for navigation, water intakes, infrastructure and the quality of their habitats. Although the origin of bar formation and propagation is well understood, the understanding of bar morphodynamics in rivers remains limited due to the non-linearity of combined natural and anthropogenic effects. Sediment non-uniformity is an inherent characteristic of rivers, but its impact on bar properties, even considering simple configurations, is still unclear. This Ph.D. thesis aims at investigating the impact of sediment size heterogeneity on bars in rivers with non-erodible banks, using a two-dimensional morphodynamic model implemented in the Telemac-Mascaret system. The necessary model developments are brought to comply with the state of the art on the modelling of heterogeneous sediment with bars. Then, the model is used to study bar morphodynamics in a straight channel on the basis of laboratory experiments. Eventually, the analysis is transferred in a 1 km reach of the Loire river characterized by a relatively complex geometry. General outcomes validate the modelling approach and demonstrate the application portability for other study cases, shed more light on the relationship between non-uniform sediment and bars, and can be later used as recommendations for river managers

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12

Randall, William O. "The Effects of a phosphate detergent ban on a biological nutrient removal plant and anaerobic digester /." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040637/.

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13

Xu, Jianhua, and 徐建华. "Motorcycle taxi drivers and motorcycle ban policy in the Pearl River Delta." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45449880.

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The Best PhD Thesis in the Faculties of Architecture, Arts, Business &Economics, Education, Law and Social Sciences (University of HongKong), Li Ka Shing Prize, 2009-2010
published_or_final_version
Sociology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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14

Marda, Saurabh. "Effect of Ozonation and BAC Filtration Processes on Monochloramine Demand." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10577.

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Although the kinetics and mechanism of monochloramine decay in organic-free waters are relatively well understood, those in natural waters are not, due to exceedingly complex and poorly defined interactions of monochloramine with natural organic matter (NOM) and particles. Ozonation followed by a biologically activated carbon (BAC) filtration is a commonly practiced process option that affects the characteristics of both dissolved and particulate constituents in the water. However, how these changes in water constituents affect stability of the residual disinfectant, or monochloramine in particular, are currently unknown. Kinetics of monochloramine decay in water samples obtained before and after ozonation and BAC treatments were performed under varying operating conditions were determined by bench-scale batch experiments. Stability of monochloramine in the BAC filter effluent samples obtained at different times after backwashing was determined. It was found that in most cases monochloramine stability was greatly decreased after BAC filtration. Further filtering the BAC effluents with 1.2 and #61549;m polycarbonate membrane resulted in a substantial increase in monochloramine stability. A further increase was observed after filtering the samples using a 0.4 m membrane. This finding suggested that particulate matter generated from the filters could be the major cause of monochloramine instability. The fines from the activated carbon, possible components of the particulate matter eluting from the BAC filters, were found to exert an insignificant monochloramine demand both in the presence and absence of NOM, which is contrary to previous speculation in the literature about their demand for monochloramine. While there appears to exist a relationship between chloramine demand and HPC count of the filter effluent, more research will be needed to determine the effect of nature and type of microorganisms and their byproducts have on chloramine demand. Effect of ozonation on monochloramine stability is also under investigation using both the water sampled from full-scale plant and the synthetic water prepared with Suwannee River NOM.

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15

Tracy-Smith, Emily. "Relation of Missouri river flows to sandbar morphology with implications for selected biota." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6253.

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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (June 27, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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16

Reeves, Kerry S. "Use of main channel and shallow-water habitat by larval fishes in the lower Missouri River." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4376.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 7, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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17

Ridenour, Clayton. "Assemblage structure and shallow-water habitat use by small-bodied fishes at lower Missouri River sandbars." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5076.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 8, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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18

Martins, Gerson Lucas Alves. "A disponibilidade e a qualidade da ?gua na promo??o do desenvolvimento socioecon?mico no munic?pio de Jenipapo de Minas - MG." UFVJM, 2016. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1697.

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A disponibilidade de ?gua e a sua devida qualidade configuram como fatores essenciais ao desenvolvimento humano, e, por isso, a avalia??o da qualidade da ?gua representa, dentre outras, uma ferramenta eficiente para a gest?o dos recursos h?dricos. O rio Set?bal ? o ?nico rio perene no munic?pio de Jenipapo de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A constru??o da barragem de Set?bal no munic?pio foi um empreendimento que visou a garantir a perenidade do rio Set?bal e, consequentemente, promover o desenvolvimento socioecon?mico atrav?s do uso da ?gua para a agricultura irrigada. A quantidade de ?gua por si s? n?o ? suficiente para promover o desenvolvimento, ? preciso, ainda, que a ?gua disponibilizada seja garantida com a devida qualidade. Assim, este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a qualidade da ?gua do rio Set?bal utilizando o ?ndice de Qualidade da ?gua (IQA) e os padr?es estabelecidos na Resolu??o do CONAMA 357/2005, bem como analisar os efeitos socioecon?micos decorrentes da maior disponibilidade de recursos h?dricos a partir da constru??o da barragem de Set?bal, no Munic?pio de Jenipapo de Minas - MG. Os dados que atestam um poss?vel desenvolvimento socioecon?mico no munic?pio foram coletados em ?rg?os p?bicos. Para a caracteriza??o da qualidade da ?gua, seis amostras foram coletadas entre junho de 2015 a junho de 2016, em pontos estrat?gicos, sendo analisados os par?metros: potencial hidrogeni?nico (pH), oxig?nio dissolvido (OD), temperatura, demanda bioqu?mica de oxig?nio (DBO), nitrato (NO3-), f?sforo (PO4-3), cloretos, turbidez, s?lidos totais, ferro total, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli. O IQA foi calculado a partir da metodologia proposta pelo Instituo Mineiro de Gest?o das ?guas IGAM. Dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a maior disponibilidade de recursos h?dricos tem fomentado o desenvolvimento da agricultura irrigada com o aumento do n?mero de projetos de irriga??o e a produtividade agr?cola. A ?gua do rio Set?bal, nos pontos de amostragem, apresentou um IQA predominantemente de n?vel m?dio, por?m com algumas vari?veis em desconformidade com a Resolu??o do CONAMA 357/2005, como elevadas concentra??es de ferro e de turbidez, fazendo com que as duas esta??es amostrais ficassem em desacordo com o enquadramento do rio que ? de Classe 2.
Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Tecnologia, Sa?de e Sociedade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016.
The water availability and its due quality sets essential factor to the human development, and, therefore, the evaluation of the water quality represents, amongst others, a efficient tool to water resources management. Set?bal river is the only perennial river in the Jenipapo de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The construction of Setubal Dam in the county was an enterprise that aimed to maintain the Setubal River?s perennial, and, consequently promote the socioeconomic development through the usage of the water for irrigated agriculture. The water quantity by its own, it is not enough to promote development, it must, also, the available water be guarantee with a due quality. Thereby, this work had as objective to characterize Set?bal river waters quality, using the Quality Index Water (QIW) and the patterns settled down in the CONAMA?s 351/2005 Resolution, as well, analyze the socioeconomic effects from the increased availability of water sources from the construction of Set?bal Dam, in the Jenipapo de Minas - MG. The data that shows a possible socioeconomic development in the county was collected in public agencies. To characterize water quality, six samples were collected between 2015 June and 2016 June, in strategic spots, with these parameters being analyzed: hydrogen potential (Hp), Dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO3-), phosphor (PO4-3), chlorides, turbidity, total solids, total iron, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The QIW was calculated from the methodology proposed by Instituto Mineiro de Gest?o das ?guas (IGAM). According to the results, it is concluded that the increased availability of water resources has fostered the development of irrigated agriculture with the raise in the numbers of irrigation projects and the agricultural productivity. Set?bal river water, in the sampling points, presented a QIW predominantly middle level, but with some variables in disagreement with the CONAMA?s 351/2005 Resolution, like high iron and turbidity concentrations, what put that two sampling stations in disagreement with the river framework, which is Class 2.

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Lopez, Dubon Sergio Antonio. "Width variations in river meandering evolution and chute cutoff process." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427267.

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Many models have been proposed to simulate and understand the long-term evolution of meandering rivers. Nevertheless, some modeling problem still needs to be solved, e.g., the stability of long-term simulations when width variations are accounted for. The present thesis proposes a physics-statistical based approach to simulate the river bank evolution, such that erosion and deposition processes act independently, with a specific shear stress threshold for each of them. In addition, the width evolution is linked with a river-specific parametric probability distribution. The analysis of a representative sample of meandering configurations, extracted from Lidar images, indicate that Generalized Extreme Values (GEV) probability density function nicely describe the along channel cross-section width distribution. For a given river, the parameters of the distribution keep almost constant in time, with significant variations observed only as after cutoff events that significantly sharpen the length of the river. The constraint of the river width based on the assumption of a GEV probability distribution ensures as the river moves throughout the floodplain adapting its width, the stability of long-term simulations. The application of the model to a reach of the Ucayali river appears to satisfactorily reproduce the planform evolution of the river and yields realistic values of the cross-section widths. The second topic considered in the thesis is the formation of chute cutoffs, which produce substantial and non-local changes in the river planform, thereby affecting the morphological evolution. The occurrence of this type of cutoffs is one of the less predictable events in the evolution of rivers, as a multiplicity of control factors are involved in their formation and maintenance. Significant contributions have appeared in the literature in the recent years, which shed light on the complex mechanisms that first lead to the incision of chutes through the floodplain, and that eventually determines the fate of both the cutoff bend and the new channel. However, the subject is not yet settled, and a systematic physic-based framework is still missing. In this thesis, two different forcing factors leading to chute cutoffs are highlighted, the channelized flow inertia and the topographic and sedimentary heterogeneity of the floodplain. Using two hydrodynamic models, the general features of the processes leading to chute cutoffs are investigated by assessing a few representative case studies.
Molti modelli sono stati proposti per simulare e comprendere l'evoluzione a lungo termine dei fiumi meandriformi. Ciò nonostante, alcuni problemi di modellazione ancora necessitano di essere risolti, come ad esempio la stabilità delle simulazioni a lungo termine quando sono tenute in considerazione le variazioni di larghezza. Questa tesi propone un approccio fisicamente-statisticamente basato per simulare l'evoluzione dell'argine del fiume, cosicché i processi di erosione e deposizione agiscano indipendentemente, con una soglia di sforzi tangenziali specifica per ciascuno di essi. Inoltre, l'evoluzione della larghezza è connessa con una distribuzione di probabilità specifica per ogni fiume. Le analisi di un campione rappresentativo di configurazioni meandriformi, estratte da immagini Lidar, indicano che la funzione di densità Generalizzata dei Valori Estremi (GEV) descrive in bene la distribuzione delle larghezze lungo la sezione trasversale del canale. Per un dato fiume, i parametri della della distribuzione si mantengono praticamente costanti nel tempo, con variazioni significative osservate solo nel caso in cui eventi di "taglio del meandro" allunghino significativamente la lunghezza del fiume. il vincolo della larghezza del fiume basato sull'assunzione della distribuzione di probabilità GEV assicura la stabilità delle simulazioni a lungo termine, mano a mano che il fiume si sposta attraverso la piana alluvionale adattando la sua larghezza. L'applicazione del modello a un ramo del fiume Ucayali sembra riprodurre in maniera soddisfacente l'evoluzione della pianura del fiume e produce valori realistici delle larghezze della sezione trasversale. Il secondo argomento considerato nella tesi è la formazione di chute cutoff, che producono cambiamenti sostanziali e non locali nella piana del fiume, influenzando in tal modo l'evoluzione morfologica. L'occorrenza di questo tipo di cutoff è uno degli eventi meno prevedibili nell'evoluzione dei fiumi, dal momento che un gran numero di fattori di controllo sono coinvolti nella loro formazione e mantenimento. Negli ultimi anni contributi significativi sono comparsi in letteratura, che chiariscono i complessi meccanismi che dapprima portano all'incisione dei chutes attraverso la piana alluvionale, e che alla fine determina il destino sia della curva tagliata e del nuovo canale. In ogni caso, l'argomento non è ancora risolto, e una struttura sistematica fisicamente basata è ancora mancante. In questa tesi, sono evidenziati due differenti fattori forzanti che portano alla formazione di chute cutoffs, l'inerzia del flusso canalizzato e l'eterogeneità topografica e dei sedimenti della pianura alluvionale. Usando due modelli idrodinamici, vengono studiate le caratteristiche generali dei processi che guidano i chute cutoffs, valutando alcuni casi studio rappresentativi.

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20

Lindqvist, Emma. "Heligt vatten : En jämförande studie om två rituella bad och hur dessa kan kopplas till ämnet religionskunskap på gymnasieskolan." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1244.

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Bui, Duc Viet. "Étude du risque d'inondation en aval du Delta du Fleuve Rouge en utilisant la télédétection et les SIG le cas du district de Bac Hung Hai." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2769.

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The Bac Hung Hai zone is the greatest basin in the Red River Delta in Vietnam and also one of the most densely populated regions of the planet. It is mainly a rural region and its economy is dominated by agriculture. In the context of frequent and larger floods in the Bac Hung Hai zone, causing deep socio-economical consequences, the focus of this study is to establish cartography of the high risk areas for flooding in the Bac Hung Hai region using remote sensing and GIS to assist land management. The preparation of a map describing land management in this region is more complicated because parcels for farming are very small and not homogeneous. A consistent and precise map of land use is essential for studies of flooding. The secondary objective is to improve the land use map. To this effect, a classification has been applied to the combination of the spectral bands and textures (TM and ETM[indice supérieur +]) of Landsat and a radar image (ERS). The addition of this information to the spectral bands increases the accuracy of classification by 1% to 4%, according to the dates selected. Additionally, in the study zone where there are few days without clouds, a problem related to the optical satellite image is the cloud cover. Then, the use of radar images will provide ground information for areas hidden by clouds where spectral images are not sufficient. To reach these goals, we have determined the main biophysical considerations that influence flooding. Then, these considerations have been combined in a multi-criteria analysis to evaluate the risks of flooding in the entire basin area. The results show that high to very high risks affect 47% of the area studied and that the south-east region, center, and north-east present the greatest risk.

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Kassa, Asfaw Kebede [Verfasser]. "Downscaling Climate Model Outputs for Estimating the Impact of Climate Change on Water Availability over the Baro-Akobo River Basin, Ethiopia / Asfaw Kebede Kassa." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045276510/34.

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Fenner, Katharine (Kate) Helen. "The Equine Behavior Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ): How the domestic equine triad can advance ethical equitation." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24338.

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This thesis consists of eight chapters describing the development and validation of the Equine Behavior Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ). The E-BARQ, a novel citizen science project, has the potential to change the way we understand horse behaviour by investigating the domestic equine triad of training, management and behaviour and linking its various interactions to outcomes and interventions. The way that horses are trained, handled, and managed influences their behaviour that, in turn, impacts both rider safety and horse welfare. While the fields of equine science and equitation science have made inroads into our understanding of horse behaviour, many traditional management and training techniques continue to be used today, despite the lack of an evidence-base to substantiate their efficacy. To obtain a baseline understanding of what constitutes normal behaviour in horses, it is necessary to collect, analyse and interpret large-scale, longitudinal, observational data relating to what I have dubbed the domestic equine triad. These data will reveal how our current training and management practices affect behaviour, a knowledge gap that could be argued to have, until now, compromised rider safety and horse welfare. The E-BARQ is designed to bridge this gap, deepen our understanding of horse behaviour and the horse-human dyad, and provide a robust, One Welfare evidence-base for future equine research promoting ethical equitation.

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Nieves, Josue Roberto. ""These Their Women Bear After Them, With Corne, Acorns, Morters, And All Bag And Baggage They Use:" An Archaeological History Of Indigenous Households Along The Rappahannock River, Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1627047828.

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This dissertation summarizes all research findings pertaining to 2017-2018 Archaeological Excavations at Camden Farm, Virginia. The goal of the project was to seek out a previously unexcavated Indigenous house site within the property’s “Post-Contact” (i.e.,1646 - ~1720 A.D.) Rappahannock Indian village in order to analyze structural morphology and the suite of artifact assemblages relating to domestic production, consumption, and exchange practices. Findings were compared to a previously excavated house site from the same village, in addition to similar domestic contexts dating between the “Late Woodland II” and “Contact” (A.D. 1200-1650) periods from the Virginia’s James River valley. The results of this comparison suggest that “Post-Contact” Rappahannock households re-negotiated fundamental political-economic relationships that defined elite and commoner class roles for the centuries. Moreover, archaeological evidence suggests that these re-negotiations appear to reflect mediation between long-term historical trajectories of the Rappahannock community and short-term life choices aimed at navigating Virginia’s 17th century colonial landscape. All of these historical developments would not have been possible if not for the work on one key, often-overlooked demographic group: Indigenous women.

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Jarnkvist, Karin. "När jag gifter mig ska jag göra det på riktigt : Berättelser om barn, brudar och bröllop." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-46455.

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Under 2000-talet har antalet vigslar stadigt ökat i Sverige. I den här studien berättar unga män och kvinnor i åtta heterosexuella par om sina bröllop, från det att beslutet om giftermål togs och tills bröllopsdagen är över. Hälften av paren gifter sig borgerligt och övriga enligt Svenska kyrkans vigselordning. Syftet med studien är att förstå den mening som unga vuxna skapar i sina bröllop och i berättelserna om dem. I analysen används reflexiv och narrativ metod kombinerad med teorier från religionssociologi, kultursociologi, familjesociologi, ritstudier och genusvetenskap. Studiens centrala resultat är att bröllop både förenar och skiljer människor åt. På mikronivå, två individer emellan, stärker giftermålet banden inom familjen. Detta gäller dels känslomässigt, dels juridiskt och ekonomiskt. Barnet är centralt i sammanhanget. Samtidigt finns det föreställningar om hur brud och brudgum ska bete sig och framträda i bröllopssammanhanget som kan ha en särskiljande effekt på man och kvinna. På mesonivå beskrivs särskilt den kyrkliga vigseln som ett bra tillfälle att samla släkt och vänner. Flera borgerliga vigslar är däremot hemliga, i syfte att hålla släkt och vänner borta från dem. Själva riten har både en förenande och separerande effekt. Den samlar människor i en gemensam handling men upplevelsen av den är individuell och tolkningarna kan skilja sig åt från person till person. På makronivå, i samhället, framträder bröllopets enande betydelse i att samtliga som gifter sig blir en del av ett kollektiv genom att de följer normen för vad en ”riktig” familj är. Samtidigt separerar det de gifta från personer som inte är gifta vilket också kan ses som en av ritens funktioner. En jämförelse de två vigselgrupperna (borgerlig respektive kyrklig) emellan visar att det uppkommer en åtskillnad av människor som resulterar i två grupper, de som gör vad ”man ska” göra och de som inte gör det. Det stora kyrkliga bröllopet är normerande. Bröllopsnormen upprätthålls genom den offentliga mediala bröllopsberättelsen men kanske främst genom människors praktiker. På metanivå, inom forskningen, kan olika forskningsdiscipliner mötas i studier av bröllop, vilket avhandlingen är ett exempel på. Men tidigare forskning har närmast uteslutande fokuserat på de svenskkyrkliga vigslarna samt trenden med stora bröllop. Den här avhandlingen bidrar till synliggörandet av den vanligt förekommande, men publikt närmast osynliga riten; den lilla borgerliga vigseln.
In this study, 16 young Swedish adults share their personal stories about their weddings. The stories start with the couples’ decisions to marry and end with the individual experience of the wedding ceremony. Half of those interviewed have a civil ceremony and the rest marry in church. The study’s purpose is to understand the meaning that young adults create in their weddings and in their stories about them. In the analysis I use narrative and reflexive method combined with theories from sociology of religion, cultural sociology, sociology of the family, ritual studies and gender research. The key result achieved by the study is that weddings unify as well as create tensions. On the micro level, between two individuals, the rite is integrating. Interviewees justify their marriage with the argument that it strengthens ties within the family, in which children are a central part. This applies both to an emotional aspect and to a legal and financial aspect. At the same time, the stories contain notions of how the bride and groom should behave and appear in the wedding context, which may lead to conflicts between the man and woman. The bride is understood to be the main character and the man is supposed to play a supporting role. This legitimises a gender-based division of labor. On the meso-level, the wedding is experienced as a unifying force especially in the relationships of church wedding couples to family and friends. Several couples with civil marriages, however, do not want anyone else on their wedding and separates themselves from other people. On the macro-level, in society, unification appears in the interviewees’ experiences of being part of a collective, those who follow the norm for what a "real" family is. A comparison between the two wedding groups (civil and ecclesiastical) shows, however, one further aspect of tension. A distinction appears between human beings resulting in two groups: those who do the “right thing” (have a big church wedding) and those who do not. This leads to intersectional effects, concerning gender and class, on each individual. The integrating and separating effects of weddings are also seen on the meta-level, within academia. On the one hand, various research disciplines can meet in studies of weddings. But in the selection of the types of weddings that are studied, there are often priorities made that result in distinctions being made. Most studies focus on big weddings, and primarily on church weddings while the others are neglected. My dissertation contributes to the visibility of the common, but publicly almost invisible rite; the small civil wedding.

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Jaballah, Mohamed. "Morphodynamique des bancs alternés d'une rivière de montagne aménagée." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10228/document.

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Ce travail porte sur la morphodynamique des bancs de galets alternés dans une rivière de montagne aménagée. Le site expérimental est un tronçon long de 8 km de la rivière Arc située dans les Alpes françaises. Une analyse des cartes historiques, des photos aériennes et des relevés topographiques montre que le lit de la rivière a évolué d’un style en tresse vers un lit rectiligne avec des bancs alternés contraints entre deux digues. Au milieu des années 1990, le lit de la rivière a été aplani pour former des profils trapézoïdaux. Cependant, les bancs alternés ont réapparu en moins de dixans. Une analyse des facteurs contrôlant leur formation est fournie. Les observations de terrain et l’analyse numérique 1D suggèrent que le motif de bancs alternés représente un état de quasi équilibre du tronçon. D’autre part, la topographie d’un sous-tronçon incluant un banc de galets aété mesurée 18 fois entre 2006 et 2012. Une méthodologie de construction des MNT basée sur leslignes directrices et incluant une estimation de l’erreur a été proposée pour une application aux litsde rivières. La technique de différenciation des MNT a été utilisée pour détecter les changements morphologiques du banc. Ainsi, la morphodynamique du sous-tronçon a été étudiée en la reliant aux principaux processus qui la contrôlent tels que l’hydrologie, les formes des hydrogrammes, la répartition des contraintes de cisaillement, les apports amont en sédiments et l’énergie du coursd’eau. La forme des hydrogrammes de crue ainsi que les apports en sédiments semblent être lesprincipaux facteurs influençant le bilan sédimentaire sur le site étudié. En outre, des modélisationsnumériques 2D hydro-sédimentaires ont été utilisées pour appréhender la dynamique du banc. Lessimulations ont révélé l’importance de l’interaction entre les sédiments fins et les galets sur ladynamique globale du banc
The current research investigates the morphodynamics of gravel alternate bars in an engineeredmountainous river. The experimental site corresponds to an 8 km long reach of the Arc River, in the French Alps. An analysis of historical maps and recent aerial photographs and topographic campaigns shows that the original braided river bed has evolved to a straight bed with alternate bar system constrained within two embankments following two centuries of man-made engineeringprojects. In the mid 1990s the river bed was flattened to fit a trapezoidal cross-sectional design. However, alternate bars re-appeared in less than ten years. An analysis of the controlling factors of bar formation and evolution is provided. Field observation and 1D numerical analysis suggest that the alternate-bar pattern represents a quasi-equilibrium state of the river bed. A singlegravel bar within the reach was monitored 18 times from 2006 to 2012. A methodology of DTM construction based on breaklines is proposed for river beds and an error estimation is presented. DTM differencing technique was used to detect morphologic changes of the gravel bar. Therefore, the gravel bar and main channel dynamics were analyzed relative to main controlling processes suchas extreme hydrologic events, sediment supply, hydrograph shape, bed shear stress distribution andriver energy. Sediment supply and hydrograph shape appeared to be the main factors influencing the study site sediment budget. Moreover, 2D numerical modelling of water flow and sediment transport was performed. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to yield results in agreement with observations. Simulations revealed the relevance of the interaction between fine sediments and gravels on the bar dynamics

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27

Bacani, Vitor Matheus. "Geotecnologias aplicadas ao ordenamento físico-territorial da bacia do alto rio Coxim, MS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-10012011-131655/.

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A Bacia do Alto rio Coxim (BAC) tem uma área de aproximadamente 1.375 km² distribuídos na porção norte do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul em parte dos municípios de São Gabriel do Oeste-MS e Camapuã-MS. O rio Coxim está instalado na Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná, porém pertence à Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Rio Paraguai. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi propor um modelo de ordenamento físicoterritorial para a BAC, por meio da elaboração de um zoneamento ambiental, utilizando dados de sensoriamento remoto e técnicas de geoprocessamento. A base teórico-metodológica constituiu-se na realização de análises integradas do ambiente sob a perspectiva sistêmica do conceito de unidade ecodinâmica. Os dados espaciais utilizados foram organizados em um banco de dados geográfico implementados num Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) composto por cartas topográficas na escala de 1:100.000, imagens dos satélites LANDSAT 5 e 7, imagem do RADAR interferométrico SRTM, mapas temáticos pré-existentes e dados de campo. A geração do modelo de ordenamento físico-territorial da BAC passou pela elaboração do mapeamento do relevo, potencial natural à erosão, fragilidade ambiental, legislação ambiental e avaliação das transformações no uso da terra e cobertura vegetal durante os anos de 1966, 1986 e 2006. Os resultados indicaram uma expressiva relação entre as formas de relevo e seus respectivos usos: agricultura mecanizada na Chapada de São Gabriel e o desenvolvimento da pecuária nos morros e colinas do Planalto do Taquari. As áreas de maior degradação ambiental foram identificadas no baixo curso associadas à atividade pecuária que corresponde à porção mapeada como de maior potencial à erosão e elevada fragilidade ambiental. O mapeamento da legislação ambiental apresentou um elevado índice de incompatibilidade entre o uso da terra e a legislação ambiental vigente, agravada, principalmente na década de 1980. Foram identificadas quatro zonas ambientais: a) Zona de Restrições Legais; b) Zona Produtiva Rural; c) Zona Urbana; e, d) Zona de Incongruências. As diretrizes estabelecidas pelo modelo de ordenamento territorial propostas foram: a) Áreas prioritárias à preservação permanente (manutenção da vegetação natural e das áreas de preservação permanente); b) Área prioritária à recuperação e preservação (nas zonas de incongruências executar o reflorestamento com espécies nativas do cerrado); e, c) Áreas destinadas ao uso sustentável (destinação à exploração agrícola, agropecuária e agroflorestal ou silvicultura).
The upper Coxim River Basin (UCB) has an area of approximately 1375 km² distributed in the northern portion of Mato Grosso do Sul in São Gabriel do Oeste-MS and Camapuã-MS cities. The Coxim River is inserted in the Paraná River Sedimentary Basin, but it belongs to the Upper Paraguay River Basin. The main goal of this research is to propose a model of physical-territorial management for the UCB through the preparation of an environmental zoning using remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques. The theoretical and methodological basis consisted of environmental integrated analyses starting from the systemic perspective of the concept ecodynamics unities. Spatial data used were arranged in a database implemented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). It consists in topographic maps at 1:100.000 scale, satellite images, Landsat 5 and 7, SRTM interferometric radar image, thematic maps existing and field data. The generation of the of physicalterritorial management model was carried out considering preparation of UCB relief mapping, potential natural erosion, environmental fragility, environmental legislation and evaluation of land-use and land-cover changes during the years 1966, 1986 and 2006. Results indicated a significant relationship between landforms and their uses: mechanized agriculture in the Chapada of the São Gabriel and livestock development on the Plateau Taquari hills. The major areas of environmental degradation were identified in the lower course associated with livestock activity mapped as the highest potential erosion and high fragility area. The mapping of environmental legislation presented strong incompatibility between land use and environmental regulations especially aggravated in the 1980s. We identified four environmental areas: a) Area of Legal Restrictions, b) Productive Rural Area, c) urban area, and d) Zone of incongruities. The guidelines set out by the type of land use proposals were: a) Priority areas for permanent preservation (maintenance of natural vegetation and permanent preservation areas), b) priority area for rehabilitation and preservation (in areas of inconsistencies run the reforestation with native species savanna), c) Areas for sustainable use (allocation of farming, agriculture and agroforestry or forestry).

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Slováková, Eliška. "Design prvků dětského hřiště." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228756.

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Main subject of this work is design of childrens playgroung elements. In this work there is also presented analysis of existent theme. I have designed a few variations, from which I chose the best solution. This solution I worked out in technical, aesthetic and ergonomical aspects. Designed elements match current requirements of safety standards.

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"Patterns of bar development and sand flat initiation in the South Saskatchewan River." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-05312012-113724.

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This is a study of the development of bars and the initiation of sand flats in a braided sand-bed river. The changes in morphology, flow direction and hydraulic character on the surface of bars are documented. This information is used to assess conditions on the surface of the bar as it migrates downstream and prior to the initiation of a sand flat. The relationship between channel topography and bar development is also considered. Several bars were monitored in the sandy braided South Saskatchewan river from May to August, 1988. Measurements included flow direction, depth, velocity, bedload transport and topographic surveys of the channel reach. Diagrams illustrating channel topography, bar morphology, flow direction and hydraulic character of the surface are presented. These diagrams are used to identify changes in the spatial pattern of the variables as the bar features migrate downstream, and to identify changes in channel topography. The data suggest that bar development and sand flat development are associated with the channel topography and morphology, particularly with the location and alignment of deep troughs such as the thalweg. The troughs tend to draw flow over the surface of the bars creating asymmetric hydraulic conditions, thus affecting the downstream migration of the bar. The flow and sediment are directed away from the downstream edge of the bars resulting in some of them diminishing into the channel bed. In some cases, the asymmetric hydraulic conditions over the surface of the bars resulted in the feature changing from one descriptive bar type to another. The exposure of sand flats was only monitored at one study site, however observations were made in other parts of the river. At the site which was monitored, flow directed toward a channel trough created a shallow sluice which locally lowered the water surface elevation, thus contributing to the exposure of the sand flat. The channel morphology was also a strong influence on the development of the sand flat at this site. In other parts of the river, shoaling of the channel thalweg and general aggradation of the channel preceeded the initiation of sand flats.

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Wang, Yu-Hsuan, and 王毓瑄. "Study of the Planning and Design for Lounge Bar in Misty River Boutique Hotel." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75042762341109819157.

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碩士
中原大學
室內設計研究所
104
Misty River Boutique hotel is located in Guilin Yangshuo county which is also near the Lijiang river and Xingping town with beautiful scenery of the moon mountains meeting the dragon rivers in China. More Specially, Xingping town with a stereoscopic climate lies in the border district, and the Lijiang river plays an important role in the whole river system. In this study, Misty River Boutique hotel that is rich of local elements will be investigated by the relation between drinking and area in the view of interior design. This study aims on the following items: 1.To investigate the references of drinking culture about the planning and distribution for hotel drinking area, the needs for equipment and the related case study. 2.To analyze the applications by local architectural elements. 3.To simulate the planning and design for Lounge Bar in Misty River Boutique hotel. 4.According this study to offer the suitable planning which includes professional circulation, 2D drawings, detail drawing and 3D simulation presented for each space. In the modern, wine is considered to be the social tool with people, the condiment of cooking and even communication with Gods. People who can’t live without wine explain how significant the wine culture development so that it is necessary to provide liquor in hotels and restaurants in nowadays. After field investigation, it will be discussion in detail between the wine culture development and the cultural communication in this study. To learn from applications of local elements, usages of light and materials and arrangements of space planning, the results of plan of design realize the brand spirit of Misty River Boutique hotel which combined with image design and packaging is by Culture and Creative Research Center in Chung Yuan Christian University. The whole idea of this study is to use different of height with the space to make each customer is as much as possible to enjoy the scenery of Lijiang river. Variety materials with local elements must be an important part of impressions, light effects and corporate identity pattern are to further intensify the overall concept of space.

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Stewart, Andrew McLean. "Geomorphic evolution of a floodplain point bar on the lower Thames River, southern Ontario: Channel stability and archaeological implications." 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=450454&T=F.

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Zaeem, Mohammed Rizwan H. "Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of the Black River Bridge - A Serviceability Study." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43367.

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An attempt was made to predict the service life of the Black River Bridge using non-linear finite element analysis (NLFEA). Numerical modeling was performed using NLFEA software developed by Prof. Evan Bentz. A large number of analytical studies were conducted to assess the strength and behaviour of the bridge under normal truck loading and at failure loads. It was determined that the bridge is shear critical. Location of trucks that would cause maximum deflection and highest crack widths were identified. It is believed that these findings will have a significant impact on physical measurements that can be incorporated into future bridges, helping researchers determine the locations in the bridge that are ideal for instrumentation. Axial compression present in the bridge can significantly affect deflection and crack widths. Incorporating thermal and shrinkage effects into the NLFEA are recommended as topics for further research. Appropriate estimate of thermal and shrinkage strain will aid in better prediction of axial stresses.

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Lalonde, Olivier. "Développement de la végétation saisonnière et dynamique hydrosédimentaire sur les bancs alluviaux." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7954.

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JABLONSKI, BRYCE VINCENT JOHN. "PROCESS SEDIMENTOLOGY AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL FACIES ARCHITECTURE OF A FLUVIALLY DOMINATED, TIDALLY INFLUENCED POINT BAR: MIDDLE MCMURRAY FORMATION, LOWER STEEPBANK RIVER AREA, NORTHEASTERN ALBERTA, CANADA." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6985.

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Within the middle McMurray exposures along the Steepbank River (Steepbank River Outcrops 3 and 4), nine recognized facies can be divided into three genetically related groups: sand-dominated facies, inclined heterolithic stratification (IHS) facies and mixed heterolithic facies. Together, these facies are interpreted to represent a fluvially dominated, tidally influenced point bar that experienced strong seasonal variation in river discharge. Annual fluctuations between river-flood stage and low-flow stage are responsible for the deposition of fluvially dominated sand beds alternating with brackish, tidally influenced mud beds that cover the point-bar surface as members of the various IHS facies. The dichotomy of fluvially dominated sand deposition and brackish-water ichnology of the mud beds represents the annual migration in position of the tidal and salinity nodes caused by fluctuations in fluvial discharge. Recognition of metre-scale cycles (MSCs) of alternating sandier and muddier intervals within the IHS facies imply that decadal climate cycles, likely caused by fluctuations in ocean and/or solar dynamics, influenced point-bar deposition. These MSC packages are defined by an upward decrease in sand-bed thickness, an upward increase in mud-bed frequency, and an upward increase in bioturbation intensity, all occurring on a metre scale. MSCs are an important architectural element of these large-scale tidal-fluvial point bars because they are predictable, repeatable and continuous around the point bar. Analysis of paleocurrents relative to inclined-heterolithic-stratification bedding planes indicates that bend-flow modifications (BFMs) were effective in redistributing flow around the point bar. Furthermore, this suggests that Outcrop 3 is representative of an upstream-to-bend-apex transition within a large-scale point-bar planform. Recognition of multiple channels at Outcrop 4 was based on large-scale erosional truncation, IHS bed-orientation changes, large cumulative thicknesses of the middle McMurray, thick sand-package thicknesses, changes in relative scale of sedimentary structures, and the occurrence of large mud clasts. Similarities in depositional expression between channels suggest autogenic channel stacking (within-valley stacking), rather than the stacking of separate valleys. Finally, discordant paleocurrents within the basal sand-dominated facies are likely representative of amalgamated channel-bottom facies from several generations of channel. This suggests that only the upper intervals of basal sand-dominated facies are genetically linked to the overlying IHS facies.
Thesis (Master, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-01-30 13:25:32.53

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PAN, TIEN-SUZ, and 潘天賜. "A study or Recreational Motivation、Experience and Satisfaction for Bicycle Riders in theCycling Pace Case of Chi-Shing lake, Luyu lake and Bai-Bao River in Hualien." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/crbd3b.

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博士
國立屏東科技大學
農企業管理系所
100
This research aims to explore cyclists’ recreation motivation, experiences and levels of satisfaction regarding the bike trails of Liyu Lake, Qixintan and Baibao River in Hualien County, and to compare the differences that variables of different background make in cyclists’ recreation motivation, experiences and levels of satisfaction and further analyze their correlation. The research subjects are the cyclists using bike trails of Liyu Lake, Qixintan and Baibao River. The methodology of this study employs questionnaire survey and purposive sampling approach. The designed research tool is the “Scale Questionnaire of Cyclists’ Recreation Motivation, Experiences and Levels of Satisfaction Regarding the Bike Trails of Qixintan, Liyu Lake and Baibao River”. The collected data was arranged and analyzed according to the research purpose by means of statistical methods namely T-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheff’s method, and Pearson product-moment correlation. The results of this study indicate that the main purpose of people’s cycling recreation on the bike trails of Liyu Lake, Qixintan and Baibao River is to join the cycling team and cycle leisurely while races serve as a supplementary purpose. People working in the service industry and aged between 30~39 are the major participants. The variables of cyclists’ different background make partial significant differences in recreation motivation, experiences and levels of satisfaction. Cyclists’ recreation motivation appears to have a significant positive effect on recreation experiences. Cyclists’ recreation experiences appear to have a significant positive effect on levels of recreation satisfaction. However, cyclists’ recreation motivation appears to have a negative effect on levels of recreation satisfaction. The findings of this research suggest that the related government sectors and cycling associations should make good use of the bike trails of Qixintan, Liyu Lake and Baibao River to hold cycling activities and promote them through the mass media in order to increase cyclists’ motivation for experiencing.

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Miller, Mark W. "Mapping historic forest management in the Kakagon/Bad River Watershed a multitemporal image approach /." 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37420136.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1997.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-159).

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Ramirez, Michael Towler. "Suspension of bed material over lateral sand bars in the Lower Mississippi River, Southeastern Louisiana." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4710.

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Understanding specific pathways for sand transport in the lower reaches of large rivers, particularly the Mississippi, is the key to addressing multiple significant geologic problems and for environmental restoration efforts. Field studies were performed in the Mississippi River 75-100 km upstream of the Gulf of Mexico outlet in April 2010 (water discharge: 23,000 m³ s⁻¹), May 2010 (18,500-20,500 m³ s⁻¹), and March 2011 (27,000 m³ s⁻¹) to examine sediment transport phenomena in the river channel. Methods comprised multibeam sonar bathymetric surveys, acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements of current velocity and acoustic backscatter, point-integrated isokinetic suspended sediment sampling, and channel-bed grab sampling. Channel morphology surveys revealed a 30-60 m deep thalweg, alternating between banks every 2-3 km, opposite bedform-covered lateral sand bars. Dune sizes nearest the thalweg ranged from 7 m wavelength and 0.3 m height to over 100 m wavelength and 2.3 m height as a function of water discharge, with decreasing dune sizes towards shallow water. Material comprising the dunes was well-sorted, 125-500 [mu]m sand. Bedload transport rates increased exponentially with water discharge in April 2010 and March 2011 comparable to previous studies in this reach, though rates in May 2011 were well below predicted values for a site (Myrtle Grove) immediately downriver of a sand-mining project. Average water velocities ranged from 1.3 m s⁻¹ in May 2010 to 2 m s⁻¹ in March 2011. Skin-friction shear stress increased with water discharge, but varied over an order of magnitude at all measured discharges. Suspended sand concentration and grain size increased with proximity to the bed during all study periods, and was most pronounced in March 2011. Suspended sand concentrations were greatest over the center of lateral bars, and lowest in the thalweg, indicating that sand transport downstream occurs primarily over lateral sand bars where there is a combination of high shear stress and available bed material. Total bed-material discharge increased exponentially with water discharge. Bedform-induced turbulence may be responsible for the bed material suspension. These results are relevant to coastal restoration efforts by river diversion which seek to distribute sand from the upper water column to deltaic interdistributary wetlands.
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YUAN-CHUN, CHOU, and 周元春. "The Study of Intervention Strategy for the River BedDust Storm in the Mouth of Bai-nan Stream.The Study of Intervention Strategy for the River Bed Dust Storm in the Mouth of Bai-nan Stream." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41396575167945812018.

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碩士
國立臺東大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
97
The Study of Intervention Strategy for the River Bed Dust Storm in the Mouth of Bai-nan Stream Chou Yuan-Chun Abstract The estuary of Pei-Nan Stream is located in the northeast of Taitung City, facing eastward toward Fu-Kung Village, westward toward downtown Taitung, southward toward the Pacific Ocean, and northward toward the Taitung Coast Mountains. The stream courses through Taiwan Central Mountains in Hai-Duan Town and then runs along the Taitung Coast Mountains all the way to Li-Chi Fault Zone in Pei-Nan Town. Li-Chi Fault Zone, which is composed of soft, easily eroded shales, has suffered a sever degree of soil loss. With its river bed filled with great amount of sand, gravels, and fine dust, the fault zone has become one of the hot spots of dust storms at the estuary of Pei-Nan Stream. Taitung City, the center of the sixteen villages and towns in Taitung County in terms of geography, population, politics, economics, and culture, is situated in the southwest of Pei-Nan Stream, and has been well-known as “The Sand City”. Every year during fall and winter time, or even right before the arrival of a typhoon, strong northeastern monsoon gales will bring about serious dust storms at the estuary of Pei-Nan Stream. With great amount of dust floating and circulating in the air, downtown Taitung is engulfed in thick layers of dust. The low outdoor visibility and inferior air quality are great endangerments to the residents’ traffic safety, living quality and inconvenience when engaging in agricultural, industrial, and business activities. In order to solve dust storm-related problems, authorities concerned have spent considerable government budgets implementing all sorts of mitigation and prevention engineering such as river bed vegetation restoration, watershed restoration, automatic sprinkler systems, biochemical cementation of sandy river bed soils, or installation of straw sand barrier, but of little or no avail. Every year, dust storms arising from the estuary of Pei-Nan Stream remain to torment the residents of Taitung City. In this study, a probe into those approaches seeking to explain the ineffectiveness reveals that lack of dust storm monitoring, lack of study on mechanisms of dust rising, and lack of analysis and assessments on the intervention engineering over the years are held responsible. This study proposes a set of mitigation and intervention strategies by integrating the data gathered and analyzed from (1) temporal and spatial data on climate, hydrology, landscape and sandy river bed soils collected and cross-examined by in-site inspection conducted from the estuary of downstream of Pei-Nan Stream to downtown Taitung , (2) analysis on the dust storm mitigation and intervention strategies conducted in Taiwan and abroad, and (3) effect assessments of the intervention engineering approaches over the years. The results show that the dust storms originating from the estuary of Pei-Nan Stream are categorized as airborne particulate hazards. Proposed intervention strategies seek to directly deal with the very origin of the dust storm to achieve effective dust storm interventions: (1) improving river bed stabilization and vegetation restoration, (2) building a shelterbelt (windbreak zone) more than 70 meters along the banks of the estuary of Pei-Nan Stream by means of urban or non-urban design projects, (3) planting windbreak trees on a massive scale so that wind flows blowing through the estuary of Pei-Nan Stream can be modified and the erosion of the river bed can be reduced, (4) upgrading the automatic sprinkling systems at the mouth of the stream to help keep the river bed stay moist, and finally (5) restoring and maintaining river bed vegetation to resist drought and reduce wind speed and wind erosion. Key Words： Pei-Nan Stream; Li-Chi Fault Zone; River Bed; Dust Storm

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Yang, Chien Ping, and 楊茜評. "Effectiveness Evaluation of River-Drowning Prevention Service–An Example of Da Bao Creek in New Taipei City." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86396272111670146134.

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碩士
東南科技大學
營建科技與防災研究所在職專班
104
Taiwan is the island-type terrain, where abundant water source in has streams throughout individually. People often take a variety of recreational activities in sea and rivers. Da Bao Creek is located in Sanxia District, New Taipei City, where is the most popular and famous spot in northen Taiwan. In recent years, through the implementation of government and voluntary groups to prevent drowning. The safety of river gets very significant results. There only one person got drowned in nearly 4 years. It means that the result of preventing drowning is very significantly. The procedure of research paper is throughout real cases of related duties to prevent drowning, discussing policy , legal and other aspects of executes. The research subjects are based on the first line of actual duty person, planning group, people, issuing questionnaires interview. Focus on basic common sense and concept of drowning, education advocacy, resident safety and distribution of responsible duty. To collect all participants in the survey to perform the prevention of drowning and analyze the result. Discovered that the law of river-drowning prevention is incomplete, people’s water-safe concept is inadequate, the number of duty people is less ,needed special units to prevent drowning. Hope the paper could providing improve for implementation of the recommendations may improve matters or to enhance save drowning probability,reduce drowning accidents.

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Gray, Marcus B. "Evaluation of barriers to black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colony expansion, Bad River ranches, South Dakota /." 2009. http://wfs.sdstate.edu/wfsdept/Publications/Theses/Gray,%20Marcus%20B.%20M.S.-2009.pdf.

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Pearson, Thomas Erwin. "Wild rice and the Ojibway people of Bad River a study of production, tradition and cultural persistence /." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/25964621.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1992.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-73).

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Chu, Szu-Yu, and 朱思妤. "Spatial and Temporal Variations of Trace Elements Contamination in Sediments and Water Bodies of Dian Bao River." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06789993477461265432.

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碩士
國立高雄海洋科技大學
海洋環境工程研究所
96
Dian Bao River is one of the major five rivers in the Kaohsiung County, where there was developed metal industry along both banks of the river. However, some unworthy metal mill owners discharged industrial wastes into the river by stealth, resulting in poor water quality, and thus the department of environment protection has focused on renovating this river. This research has planned for 19 sampling points since June, 2006, and used inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) to analyze the content of 48 metal elements in the water and sediment, in order to understand the situation of trace element pollution in the Dian Bao River. The research results indicated that most of the water quality analysis items could meet the standards set by law. The average concentration of total Fe (1.4±0.716 mg/L) and total Mn (0.27±0.184 mg/L) were the highest. Wherein, the total B concentration in the 4 observation stations at the Dian Bao Bridge exceeded Effluent Standards. At the observation station near National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, the total concentration of Zn (0.61 mg/L) exceeded Surface Water Classification and Water Quality Standards. It was found in the result of the long-term (68 times through four seasons in a year) fixed sampling, that the pollution concentration of total As, total B, and total Zn from the observation station at the Dian Bao Bridge was obviously higher than that at the Ciao Zih Tou Bridge, which indicated that the pollutant source was at the place between the Dian Bao Bridge’s upper reaches and the Ciao Zih Tou Bridge. The comparison of the concentration of total Cr, total Cu and Ni, total Fe, total Pb, and total Mn indicated that the potential sources came from the upper reaches of Ciao Zih Tou Bridge. The result of correlation statistic analysis indicated: a high-level and notable positive correlation (r>0.69, P<0.01) was evident among (1) the total B, total Cr and total Cu, (2) total Ni and total As, and (3) total Fe and total Zn. The metals with high correlation between each other probably came from the same pollutant source. The significance of metallic pollution in the water could be divided into three clusters according to the result of spatial distribution and cluster analysis, that is, (1) Wu Shan Bridge to Fong Shan Cuo Bridge at the upper reaches; (2) Fu An Bridge, considered as a cluster itself; (3) a cluster consisting of 11 observation stations. The area with the most serious pollution happened at the second cluster, belonging to the tidal reaches at the lower reaches. The highest average concentration of each heavy metal in the sediment was observed at the Fu An Bridge river section; wherein the highest concentration of total Zn at the Fu An Bridge observation station was 1740 mg/kg dry wt, 2.9 times higher than the standard value regulated by the Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Act; in addition, the highest concentration of total Ni, 645 mg/kg dry wt, was tested at the Bao Si South Street observation station at the Fong Shan Cuo branch, which was 3.2 times higher than the standard value regulated by the Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Act. The vertical distribution of total heavy metal concentration in the sediment at the Fu An Bridge reached its maximum value at about the 40 cm depth, and there was an obvious correlation between the concentration and the content of organic matter in the sample. Although the sediment concentration had a positive correlation with the particle diameter, it was not as obvious as that with the content of organic matter, which indicated that the content of organic matter was the main controlling factor of heavy metal accumulation. In addition, the cluster analysis based on metallic concentration could result in three kinds of clusters. The sediment principle component analysis showed that, the component one consisted of Cr, Cu, and Zu, corresponding with the result of correlation analysis; the component two consisted of Ni, and the principle component three consisted of Pb, both of the components could explain 97.36% of the variations. The component one and two were probably related to the different types of metal industry at this drainage basin, whereas no correlation was found between the principle component three and the metal processing industry. The sediment heavy metal enrichment factor analysis at the Dian Bao Stream indicated that it was better to calculate the enrichment factor based on the Dian Bao Stream background concentration than that by the crustal average concentration, in order to better match the actual situation. The enrichment factors of total Cr（0.9~3.5）, total Cu（0.7~3.9）, total Ni（1.0~22.1）, and total Zn（1.5~17.0）all supported that enrichment effect in part of the observation stations within that drainage basin, especially for Zn. By comparing with 12 domestic and foreign rivers, it was found that the heavy metal pollution in domestic rivers was more serious than that in foreign rivers. There was severe pollution by all heavy metals except the total Cu and total Pb, which should draw attention from relevant entities. Compared with domestic and overseas laws in this regard, the total Ni and total Zn at Dian Bao River has exceeded several standards regulated by law, and the total Ni concentration was 5.7 times higher than the value regulated by the US NOAA TEL, and therefore relevant entities shall keep their eyes on and keep monitoring this problem, and try to develop a sound pollution prevention strategy.

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Boraey, Ahmed. "Alternate Bars Under Steady State Flows: Time of Development and Geometric Characteristics." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8678.

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This thesis concerns the development of alternate bars under steady state flows. The movable bed is flat at the beginning of the experiment; the bars reach their equilibrium or developed state at the time Td. The thesis has two objectives. The first is to introduce new equations for the geometric characteristics, namely height and length, of alternate bars at the fully developed stage, and to evaluate them against the existing equations. The second objective is to present the results of two series of experiments carried out to characterize the process of development of alternate bars and obtain estimates of their time of development. The data resulting from these experiments are intended as a foundation for future work towards the establishment of a predictive equation for the development time of alternate bars. The new equations for bar height and length rest on dimensional considerations and all the available data. Bars produced under rough turbulent and transitional flows are treated separately. The proposed equations are found to consistently give more accurate estimates of alternate bar dimensions than existing equations. The experiments to quantify the time of development of alternate bars are carried out in the 21 m long, 0.76 m wide sediment transport flume of the Queen’s Coastal Engineering Laboratory. In addition to providing estimates of the time of development of alternate bars, these experiments reveal aspects of the process of development of alternate bars that had not been reported previously. In particular, they show that, all other conditions being the same (including the sediment transport capacity of the initial flow), the more pronounced alternate bars formed under shallower flows develop faster than less pronounced bars formed under deeper flows. The findings of this study highlight the fact that the previously unexplained wide variation in alternate bar dimensions is related to the plotting position of the data point in the alternate bar existence region of Ahmari and da Silva (2011). This study also sheds light on the evolution and development of alternate bars, which establishes a strong foundation for future studies on the topic.
Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-03-30 16:27:07.025

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chun, Chou yuan, and 周元春. "The Study of Intervention Strategy for the River Bed Dust Storm in the Mouth of Bai-nan Stream." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9xmt6q.

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碩士
國立臺東大學
進修部環境經濟資管碩專(假日)
97
The estuary of Pei-Nan Stream is located in the northeast of Taitung City, facing eastward toward Fu-Kung Village, westward toward downtown Taitung, southward toward the Pacific Ocean, and northward toward the Taitung Coast Mountains. The stream courses through Taiwan Central Mountains in Hai-Duan Town and then runs along the Taitung Coast Mountains all the way to Li-Chi Fault Zone in Pei-Nan Town. Li-Chi Fault Zone, which is composed of soft, easily eroded shales, has suffered a sever degree of soil loss. With its river bed filled with great amount of sand, gravels, and fine dust, the fault zone has become one of the hot spots of dust storms at the estuary of Pei-Nan Stream. Taitung City, the center of the sixteen villages and towns in Taitung County in terms of geography, population, politics, economics, and culture, is situated in the southwest of Pei-Nan Stream, and has been well-known as

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Chung, Wen-Ling, and 鍾文玲. "The Study of Vistors'' Cognition on Recreation Conflict ----Application on the Anglers of Huang-Chu-Pi-Liao at Bai-Shih River." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35320953083358592921.

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Ahmari, Habib. "SIZE, DYNAMICS AND CONSEQUENCES OF LARGE-SCALE HORIZONTAL COHERENT STRUCTURES IN OPEN-CHANNEL FLOWS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8297.

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This thesis concerns the occurrence of the large-scale bed and plan forms known as alternate bars and meandering, and the internal structures of the flow associated with their formation. The work is to be viewed as an extension of previous work by da Silva (1991), Yalin (1992), and Yalin and da Silva (2001). As a first step in this work, the criteria for occurrence of alternate bars and meandering of Yalin and da Silva (2001) is re-considered in view of additional field and laboratory data from the recent literature and data resulting from two series of experimental runs carried out in two sediment transport flumes. This leads to a number of modifications of the boundary-lines in the related existence-region diagram of Yalin and da Silva. The size of the largest horizontal coherent structures (HCS’s) of an alternate bar inducing flow was then investigated experimentally on the basis of three series of flow velocity measurements. These were carried out in a 21m-long, 1m-wide straight channel, conveying a 4cm-deep flow. The bed consisted of a silica sand having a grain size of 2mm; its surface was flat. The measurements were carried out using a Sontek 2D Micro ADV. The horizontal burst length was found to be between five and seven times the flow width. The effect of the HCS’s on the mean flow was also investigated. A slight internal meandering of the flow caused by the superimposition of burst-sequences on the mean flow was clearly detectable. Finally, with the aid of three new series of measurements in the same channel, an attempt was made to penetrate the dynamics and life-cycle of the HCS’s. For this purpose, quadrant analysis was used; the cross-sectional distribution of relevant statistical turbulence-related parameters was investigated; and cross-correlations of flow velocity along the flow depth and across the channel were performed. The analysis indicates that the HCS’s originate near the channel banks, with the location of ejections and sweeps being anti-symmetrically arranged with regard to the channel centreline, and then evolve so as to occupy the entire depth of the water and the entire width of the channel.
Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-03-09 10:20:53.596

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Chen, Chia-Wen, and 陳佳雯. "The Protection of Harbour and Coast on Rock Fisher’s Safety needs- Case Study of Kaohsiung First Port and Dian-Bao River near Estuary." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pgksg9.

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碩士
國立高雄海洋科技大學
海事資訊科技研究所
104
The research on the relationship between the security needs of the rock fisher and the protection of the harbor and coast. Rock Fishing is one of the popular marine leisure activities in Taiwan. However, there are also a lot of accidents about rock fishing since the security notion of rock fishers is not enough. Undoubtedly, the designers are professional and dependable in the domestic marine protection. Nevertheless they just design it in an engineering way. They causes there are some distinction between the needs of rock fisher and the design of the protection. Therefore the research focuses on two place of rock fishing in Kaohsiung to provide questionnaires for the fishers, by means of using the statistical software “SPSS” for data analysis. We can analysis the fishers according to the pattern of behavior, the intention of rock fishing and the degree of satisfaction of the environment.Then investigate deeply the security, demand, willingness of usage and the effect of the protection toward different background to the harbor and coast. After all, we make an induction from that analysis and sort out some useful information from the fishers’ point of view. This research achievement can also provide authority of the government a reference when they are revising the relative law of fishing. We also expect the result can brings some messages to the school and they can strengthen the marine leisure safety education to the students. We hope that can attract the experts to research and investigate more in the marine safety which finally brings a promise and contribution to human life on the ocean.

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Lu, Chun-Chung, and 盧俊中. "Influences of Aeolian Dust Emitted from Bare Lands in Kaoping River on Regional Ambient Particulates and Their Physiochemical Characteristics, Indicators, and Source Appointments." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5dmns3.

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博士
國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
106
Aeolian dust episodes (ADEs) are emerging disasters occurred from the bare lands of the Kaoping River in southern Taiwan due to typhoons or thermal convections. Four manual sampling sites located along the Kaoping River were conducted to collect PM10 (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) with high-volume samplers in an ADE and on regular days in 2012, as well as PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) and PM2.5–10 (aerodynamic diameter 2.5–10 μm) in six ADEs in 2013. Additionally, soil samples were collected at five potential locations on the surface of bare lands along the Kaoping River Valley. The five soil samples were completely mixed and then sieved with a Tyler 400 mesh (dp < 38 μm) and then resuspended using a dry powder atomizer in a resuspension chamber. Each soil sample could be divided into two independent fractions (i.e., PM2.5 and PM2.5–10). With regard to the ADE and alluvial samples, this study investigated on their chemical contents, including a total of 13 metallic elements, 9 water-soluble ionic species, and 2 carbonaceous species. Hourly averaged PM10 concentrations increased drastically from noon to evening, and maximum PM10 concentration levels were reached within 3–4 hours. Sea-salt particles (SSs) in PM10 accounted for 3.56%-5.17% on regular days and 11.66%-16.47% during the ADE. Cl- deficit percentages during the ADE (6.33%-14.12%) were much lower than those on regular days (29.49%-40.38%), indicating acidic particles mainly produced by chemical reactions of acidic aerosols with aeolian dust and SSs. Even alkaline aeolian dust is the dominant source of PM10 during the ADE; the atmospheric particles are attributable to acidic particles in the air. Furthermore, ADEs were clustered by the prevailing wind direction as southern and northwestern types according to four Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration air quality monitoring stations along the Kaoping River in southern Taiwan in 2013. With metallic element analysis and nonparametric statistical methods of Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kruskal-Wallis test, this study successfully derived the metallic indicators of ADEs. The mass ratios of crustal elements (Fe, Ca, or Al) to reference element (Cd) obtained during the ADEs were much higher than those obtained after the ADEs. High mass ratios of Fe/Cd, Ca/Cd, and Al/Cd in PM2.5-10 were observed over the influenced areas of ADEs. Among them, (Fe/Cd)2.5-10 was proven as the best indicator which can be applied to effectively validate the existence of ADEs and evaluate their influences on ambient air quality. Moreover, PM2.5 concentrations during the ADEs were 3-3.6 fold higher than those after the ADEs. PM2.5 should be a contributor to AD, even though the mass ratios of PM2.5/PM10 ranged from 0.05 to 0.20 during the ADEs. Our findings provide valuable information regarding the characteristics of the AD during the ADEs in the Kaoping River. The CMB receptor modeling results that aeolian dust and sea-salts in PM10 were major components of atmospheric particles during the cluster ADEs. The contribution of AD emitted from the bare lands to PM10 concentration was in the range of 11.5%-33.1% along the Kaoping River during the ADEs as well as 7.2%-23.0% after the ADEs. A small amount of finer aeolian dust emitted from the bare lands of the riverbed could still be suspended in the ambient air during the ensuing the ADEs. The AD in PM2.5 ranged from 6.2% to 15.7% during the S-type ADEs and ranged from 1.3% to 17.4% during the NW-type ADEs. Both of them were less than that of PM10 during the S- and NW-type ADEs. The AD was mainly enriched in PM2.5-10 rather than PM2.5 since the formation of PM2.5 was directly related to the process that high-temperature vapors and low volatility compound chemical transformed to PM2.5. Additionally, the contribution of biomass burning rose significantly in the range of 7.6% to 13.9% after the S-type ADEs and 5.6% to 13.3% after the NW-type ADEs, suggesting the open burning of agricultural debris is commonly observed along the Kaoping River in summer. Based on the source apportionment of PM10, the wind speed and wind direction were directly relevant to different contributors, so the S- and NW-type ADEs cause the difference of major contributors for different sampling sites.

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Kindler, Dale Herman. "An assessment of the reproductive biology of the Marico barb Barbus motebensis (Steindachner 1894) from the upper Groot Marico Catchment." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13832.

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M.Sc. (Aquatic Health)
This study took place in the Groot Marico River catchment situated in the North West Province of South Africa. The catchment holds many rivers and associated tributaries that are home to a variety fish species with some being endemic to the catchment. A small minnow species, the Marico barb Barbus motebensis was chosen as the study species due to it being endemic to the catchment with limited information available on them with regards to their reproductive status in terms of their reproductive timing and number of potential offspring. Two tributaries from the upper Groot Marico River were chosen as sampling sites for the collection of B. motebensis across the four seasons. These two tributaries presented two genetically different populations, which allowed for a comparison of the findings to ascertain whether any differences in reproductive aspects occurred between the two tributary populations during the different seasons. The Marico barb is under threat from predation pressure posed by the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides introduced into the system. Micropterus salmoides is a known alien invasive fish that eats any animal food item it encounters, especially fish. Due to B. motebensis and M. salmoides sharing the same habitat preferences, B. motebensis stands little chance of survival in the same water inhabited by the predatory M. salmoides. Many studies have shown bass to drive other fish species to the point of extirpation from a system through predation pressure. Currently B. motebensis is classified as vulnerable on the Red List of Threatened Species, although this status may be further compromised with the presence of M. salmoides...

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50

Di, Leonardo Diana R. "Regional scale sandbar variability : observations from the U.S. Pacific Northwest." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36079.

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Understanding sandbar dynamics and variability is integral to developing a predictive capacity for nearshore flows, sediment transport, morphological change, and ultimately for determining coastline exposure to damaging storm waves. Along the high-energy U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) coast, sandbars typically dominate the bathymetry of the active zone. Here we report on a nearshore bathymetric data set that covers an exceptionally long stretch of coast and crosses several littoral cell boundaries. Our study area stretches from Point Grenville, Washington to Cascade Head, Oregon, including 8 littoral cells and approximately 250 km in the alongshore. We describe and quantify the morphological variability of sandbars in the PNW over large spatial scales as well as attempt to explain the inter-littoral cell variability via trends and variability in environmental parameters. From 560 bathymetric profiles (~1000 km of measurements) we have extracted over 500 distinct subtidal sandbars. The bar zone extends to over 1km from the shoreline in the northern part of the study area, but only to about 600m in the southern part. Maximum bar crest depths are typically 7m below MLLW. Bar heights range from a step in the cross-shore profile to over 3m from crest to trough. The northernmost littoral cells typically have two or more bars per cross-shore profile whereas the littoral cells in the southern part of our study area have only one bar. The mean depths of the bars, however, are much more consistent across littoral cells. The mean depths remain consistent even while the upper shoreface slope significantly increases from north to south, requiring that the maximum bar distance from the shoreline decreases from north to south. This regional gradient in upper shoreface slope is likely a response, at least in part, to a general coarsening trend in the sediment from north to south and hence linked to variations in regional geology.
Graduation date: 2013

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