Journal articles on the topic 'River bank stability'
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1
Zhang, Panpan, Yuanyi Su, and Yufei Xiong. "Estimation of Bank Stability in Yangling Section of Weihe River Basin." Scientific Journal of Technology 4, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/sjt.v4i7.1280.
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The stability of the river bank directly affects the integrity of the physical structure of the river, which in turn affects the ecological security of the river, and it also affects the safety of the people on both sides of the river. Construction near the banks of the Yangling section of the Weihe River Basin may cause disturbances to the stability near the riverbanks, and the stability of the riverbanks is also an important indicator of river water ecological security. Therefore, in view of the riverbank stability in the Yangling section of the Weihe River Basin, the bank stability of the Yangling Section of the Weihe River Basin is evaluated, and then effective suggestions are put forward for the later construction. The results show that: (1) The riparian stability of the river reaches is considered unhealthy.(2) For construction in the river course, the river channel should be stabilized by smooth excavation along the bank slope, cutting and straightening, etc., to improve the effect of water flow conditions and reduce the scouring of the river bank. (3) Standardize the behavior of sand mining and soil borrowing in the river channel, and minimize the disturbance to the river bank.
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Mentes, Gyula. "Relationship between river bank stability and hydrological processes using in situ measurement data." Central European Geology 62, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/24.62.2019.01.
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Many river banks throughout the world are prone to landslides; therefore, serious efforts are made to develop landslide early warning systems. This study presents a method by which the stability changes of the river banks can be continuously monitored; necessary measures can be taken in time to reduce the damage. The method was tested in Dunaszekcső (Hungary), where the high loess bank of the River Danube has been intensively moving since 2007. The tilts of the high bank were measured by two borehole tiltmeters. The connection between tilt values and the river- and groundwater-level variations was investigated by multivariable and moving window regression analyses on the basis of a 6-year-long observation from 2011 to 2016. The results show that increasing regression coefficients mean decreasing stability of the high river bank, so the developed method can be used for continuous supervision of the high bank stability. The method is also suitable for studying the causes of motion processes. Investigations showed clearly that the effect of groundwater table variations is two orders of magnitude higher than the water-level variations of the River Danube. In addition to the erosion of the river, various small tilts of the stable and unstable parts also contribute to the arising of new cracks in the stable part, decreasing its width.
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Xu, Linjuan, Yuanjian Wang, Wanjie Zhao, and Enhui Jiang. "Review on Riverbank Soil Collapse." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601021.
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Bank slope collapse is a kind of natural phenomenon which commonly existed on both sides of alluvial plain rivers. The mechanism of bank collapse is complex, and it is an interdisciplinary frontier research subject. The collapse of the bank slope will lead to the instability of river regime and frequent changes of erosion and siltation, which will cause great harm to river regulation and people's livelihood. Through review of river bank soil collapse at home and abroad, it is concluded that the main influencing factors of river bank soil collapse are the action of water flow and the soil structure of river bank. In addition, the stability of river bank and the numerical simulation of river bank collapse are also studied by scholars. In view of the above research results, the deficiencies of the current research are pointed out and the research directions that should be followed in the future are put forward.
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Dey, Sourav, and Sujit Mandal. "Fluvial Processes and Channel Stability of the Torsa River, West Bengal (India)." Journal of Geographical Studies 2, no. 2 (April 12, 2019): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj5.18020202.
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Fluvial processes such as bank erosion plays an important role to change the channel stability of the Torsa River in the downstream region. The present study was focused on stream stability assessment of the Torsa River. The study area is situated between the downstream of the Jaldapara Reserve Forest and confluence of Kaljani River. Data of different parameters about 64 bank segments of the Torsa River were prepared using the field work techniques for assessing the stream bank conditions using lateral, vertical and overall reach stability models. The individual results of BEHI and NBS ratings show that out of 64 bank segments only 35 and 19 bank segments classified in higher categories. Overall lateral stability analysis shows that most of the sample bank segments are in an unstable condition. All bank segments are vertically unstable and degrading. Overall reach stability analysis shows widespread instability. BEHI and NBS results are almost similar for most of the bank segments and therefore, BEHI and NBS can be suitable bank erosion hazard predictive models in the study for channel stability analysis.
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Hamdhan, Indra Noer, and Desti Santi Pratiwi. "Analisis Stabilitas pada Lereng Sungai yang Dipengaruhi Pasang Surut." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 24, no. 1 (August 24, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v24i1.17169.
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The slopes on river banks close to the estuary can be affected by tides, so it can experience stability in the river bank. Therefore, this research is conducted to determine the stability of river bank due to tides with numerical analysis. The numerical analysis method was done by 2D Plaxis Software that using the Finite Element Method. The analysis was conducted on a homogeneous slope with 2 (two) different soil permeability coefficient values, there are low permeability and high permeability. The analysis is modeled by fully coupled analysis between deformation and ground water flow analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that a tidal are influence the stability of the slope based on the safety factor value. The highest of safety factor value are shown in high tide condition, and the lowest occur at low tide condition. This happens because the high tide condition occur the addition of hydraulic pressure from the water that will resist the sliding, while the low tide condition will reduce the hydraulic pressure. This can be a concern to the stability of river bank with tidal condition in order to avoid the erosion during the low tide conditions. The comparison of safety factors between two different types of soil permeability are not significant, the difference are only 3%.
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Cholewa, Mariusz, Karol Plesiński, Katarzyna Kamińska, and Izabela Wójcik. "Stability evaluation of modernized bank protections in a culvert construction." E3S Web of Conferences 30 (2018): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183001020.
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The paper presents stability evaluation of the banks of the Wilga River on a chosen stretch in Koźmice Wielkie, Małopolska Province. The examined stretch included the river bed upstream from the culvert on a district road. The culvert construction, built over four decades ago, was disassembled in 2014. The former construction, two pipes that were 1.4 m in diameter, was entirely removed. The investor decided to build a new construction in the form of insitu poured reinforced concrete with a 4 x 2 m cross section. Change of geometry and different location in relation to the river current caused increase in the flow velocity and, as a consequence, erosion of both protected and natural banks. Groundwater conditions were determined based on the geotechnical tests that were carried out on soil samples taken from the banks and the river bed. Stability calculations of natural slopes of the Wilga River and the ones protected with riprap indicate mistakes in the design project concerning construction of the river banks. The purpose of the study was to determine the stability of the Wilga River banks on a selected section adjacent to the rebuilt culvert. Stability of a chosen cross section was analysed in the paper. Presented conclusions are based on the results of geotechnical tests and numerical calculations.
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Li, Chao, Zhen Yang, Hung Tao Shen, and Xianyou Mou. "Freeze-Thaw Effect on Riverbank Stability." Water 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 2479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14162479.
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The stability of riverbanks in cold regions is affected by the freeze-thaw action. The freeze-thaw process causes changes in the moisture content, friction angle, and cohesiveness of the bank material. Together with the freeze-thaw effect, seepage pressure influenced by the changing water levels, and the bank slope are the key factors affecting bank stability. A limit equilibrium bank stability model considering the infiltration water pressure effect is developed and applied to the Shisifenzi section of Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River. Laboratory tests of field samples with moisture contents of 15%, 18%, 21%, and saturated showed that the freeze-thaw action reduced the degree of saturation by 34.37 %, 30.71%, 32.48%, and 46.23%, respectively, accompanied by reductions in the internal friction angles by 1.78%, 2.74%, 6.33%, and 5.32%. These changes resulted in a 24.35% to 29.13% reduction in the safety factor of bank stability. Together with seasonal variations in the water levels the field data showed that the bank stability safety factor in the study site increases gradually through the melting period, dry period, wet period, flooding period, and low flow period. The slope stability safety factor increases with the stage of the river but decreases with the groundwater level.
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Thapa, Ishwor, and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Bank stability and toe erosion model of the Kodku Khola bank, southeast Kathmandu valley, central Nepal." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 50, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v50i1.22870.
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The Kodku Khola is a potential river from the southeast part of Kathmandu valley as it has been used for irrigation and household purposes from prehistoric time. The river is suffering from streambank instability causing great threat to the infrastructure, land and settlement areas. In this context, assessment of Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) of the Kodku Khola was undertaken for eight different sites using the BSTEM version 5.4 that calculates a Factor of Safety (Fs) for multilayer streambank, based on limit equilibrium-method. Streambank of the uppermost reach around the transects BK1 (Lower Badikhel) and BK2 (Upper Taukhel) area is stable, where Fs exceeds 1.3 and maximum lateral retreat of channel is 21.86-30.59 cm with 0.025-0.290 m2 of the total eroded area of the bank-toe resulting in less bank toe erosion. Canopy and understorey cover with consolidated bank materials are the causes of stable banks. Streambank of transects BK3 (Arubot) and BK4 (Thaiba) are unstable as Fs ranges from 0.75 to 0.92, and the maximum lateral retreat of channel ranges 70.83-208.81 cm with total eroded bank toe area of 0.117–1.695 m2 resulting in excessive bank toe erosion problems. Major causes of instability are the presence of unconsolidated bank material, high scouring, and sparse riparian vegetation. Within the transects BK6 and BK7 around Harisiddhi, streambanks are stable with less bank toe erosion hazard because of channelization. Where the Fs are low and banks are disturbed by encroachment, suitable bioengineering measures can be implemented to mitigate excessive bank toe erosion and failure.
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Rini, Daru Setyo, Endang Arisoesilaningsih, Donny Harisuseno, and S. Soemarno. "Application of ecohydraulic bank protection model to improve river bank stability and biotic community in Surabaya River." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 05, no. 01 (October 1, 2017): 975–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2017.051.975.
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YU, Minghui, Hongyan WEI, Yanjie LIANG, and Chunyan HU. "Study on the stability of non-cohesive river bank." International Journal of Sediment Research 25, no. 4 (December 2010): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6279(11)60006-1.
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Lan, Pham Thi Huong, Le Minh Nguyet, and Le Thi Viet Hoa. "Assessing the instability of Dong Nai River in Bien Hoa District using Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) and Remote Sensing and GIS." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-69-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In this study, a method for developing a quantitative prediction of river bank erosion in Bien Hoa district in Dong Nai River is presented. The river bank erosion hazard index (BEHI) was estimated to assess the stability of the river bank erosion in consultation with bank height, bank slope, rooting depth, rooting density and surface protection. The estimated BEHI of Dong Nai River in Bien Hoa district are high which indicates the riverbank instability. The estimated BEHI along the left bank is about 25&ndash;30. The satellite data of LANSAT TM 5, LANDSAT ETM 7 for the year 1995, 2005 and 2015 were used to assess the nature of shifting of the river bank and to estimate the land loss from river bank. All the derived images were transported on GIS environment to extract the course of the river. 13 sites were considered along the Dong Nai River in Bien Hoa District to estimate the leftward shifting of the bank line and to assess the shifting distance of the river bank line. There is a strong relationship between bank instability BEHI, shifting distance of the bank line and eroded bank area in this study.</p>
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Adhikari, Basanta Raj, and Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Bank instability and erosion problems in Bishnumati River, Kathmandu, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 34 (October 9, 2006): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v34i0.31885.
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The Bishnumati River, a major tributary of the Bagmati River in the Kathmandu basin, suffers from bank erosion, river instability, and environmental degradation. These processes are responsible for the loss of sediments, modification of river morphology, loss of vegetative buffer zone, and deterioration of stream environment. Bank erosion hazard in the Bishnumati River was assessed at ten different reaches using bank height ratio, ratio of riparian vegetation rooting depth to bank height, rooting density percentage, bank slope, and bank surface protection. Vertical and lateral stability of the river was assessed at four reference segments, namely at Bishnumatigaun, Okhaltar, Mahadevtar, and Tamsipakha, respectively from upstream to downstream.
The riverbanks in the Bishnumatigaun segment show fluctuating trends of bank erosion potential from upstream to downstream. All the four segments of the Bishnumati River are vertically unstable and all the segments except the Okhaltar are entrenched. The Tamsipakha and Okhaltar segments have a high risk of lateral shifting, as they possess high values of bank erosion hazard index, meandering width ratio, and width-depth ratio. The Bishnumati river is in a degrading condition and capable of eroding sediments. The main causes of river instability are the excavation of river sediments, encroachment on riverbanks, clearing of riparian vegetation, and canalization.
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Hubble, T. C. T. "Slope stability analysis of potential bank failure as a result of toe erosion on weir-impounded lakes: an example from the Nepean River, New South Wales, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 55, no. 1 (2004): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03003.
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The consequences of weirs present on the Upper Nepean River on the long-term slope stability of both vegetated and devegetated riverbanks were investigated using models that account for the reinforcement of bank sediments by tree roots. The effects of the weirs in concert with channel widening and deepening caused by dredging in 1970s and 1980s, as well as natural processes, have turned the Upper Nepean from a small upland river into a series of quiet, narrow lakes, measuring 3–5 m deep, 30–70 m wide and several kilometres long. The surface of these lakes is located currently within the steep mid-bank zone. Wind-generated waves have eroded 1–3-m high scarps in the mid-bank region. These scarps are receding laterally at an average rate of 10 cm per year and this process is gradually undermining and destabilising the upper banks. In contrast, the mass of water impounded by the weirs currently acts to provide lateral support to the banks and improves their stability. Therefore, the existence of the weirs and their impounded lakes has currently both positive and negative effects on bank stability. The retention of the weirs will promote continued erosion at the waterline of the weir lakes that will eventually lead to the destabilisation and collapse of both vegetated and devegetated banks during future large floods. Demolition of the weirs would also lead to a renewed phase of bank failure during future floods as the stabilising effects of the weir lakes on the banks would be removed. The size of eventual failures will be larger and the distribution of such failures probably more widespread if the weirs are retained.
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Son, Kwang Ik, Taik Jean Hwang, Man Ha Hwang, and Young Ho Yoon. "Uncertainty Improvement in a Simulation of Channel Evolution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.341.
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The Four Major Rivers Restoration Project (4MRRP), one of the largest river rehabilitation projects in Korea, has being carried out during the last three years. 0.57 billion m3 of sediment was dredged to widen and deepen the channel along four major rivers, the Han, Nakdong, Geum, and Youngsan rivers. As a result of reshaping the natural channel to a trapezoidal channel, and the construction of 16 weirs, the change of longitudinal slope of the river was inevitable. The distribution of bed materials was also changed, due to dredging. Therefore, the rivers were totally disturbed, and the stability of the rivers could not be assured. In particular, the Nakdong river, the second largest river in Korea, has the characteristics of an alluvial channel. Degradation of the main channel bed caused bank erosion, and head-cut phenomena in many tributaries. Deformations of the main channels could be observed all along the river. Long-term simulation of the channel evolution and prediction of the stability of the Nakdong river have to be examined, to cope with the instability of the river, which could lead to unexpected river disasters. This study deals with the methodology of uncertainty improvement, in analysis of the simulation and confirmation with field survey data. Methodology of uncertainty improvement in description of weir, whose discharge coefficient is unknown, in a river was suggested.
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Liaghat, A., A. Adib, and H. R. Gafouri. "Evaluating the Effects of Dam Construction on the Morphological Changes of Downstream Meandering Rivers (Case Study: Karkheh River)." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 2 (April 24, 2017): 1515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.969.
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The establishment of stability in rivers is dependent on a variety of factors, and yet the established stability can be interrupted at any moment or time. One factor that can strongly disrupt the stability of rivers is the construction of dams. For this study, the identification and evaluation of morphological changes occurring to the Karkheh River, before and after the construction of the Karkheh Dam, along with determining the degree of changes to the width and length of the downstream meanders of the river, have been performed with the assistance of satellite images and by applying the CCHE2D hydrodynamic model. Results show that under natural circumstances the width of the riverbed increases downstream parallel to the decrease in the slope angle of the river. The average width of the river was reduced from 273 meters to 60 meters after dam construction. This 78% decrease in river width has made available 21 hectares of land across the river bank per kilometer length of the river. In the studied area, the average thalweg migration of the river is approximately 340 meters, while the minimum and maximum of river migration measured 53 and 768 meters, respectively. Evaluations reveal that nearly 56% of the migrations pertain to the western side of the river, while over 59% of these migrations take place outside the previous riverbed. By average, each year, the lateral migration rate of the river is 34 meters in the studied area which signifies the relevant instability of the region.
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Duong Thi, Toan, and Duc Do Minh. "Riverbank Stability Assessment under River Water Level Changes and Hydraulic Erosion." Water 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2019): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122598.
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The dominant mechanism of riverbank cantilever failure is soil erosion of the bank toe and near bank zone. This paper demonstrates that the shape of the riverbank cantilever failure depends on the properties of the soil and the fluctuation of the river water level (RWL). With a stable RWL, a riverbank with higher resistance force leads to failure with larger and deeper overhang erosion width. When RWL rises, a less cohesive soil bank will be eroded over a larger width and riverbank failure will occur earlier. With a low rate of rising RWL, riverbank failure may happen in a type of mass failure. With a high rate of rising RWL, a riverbank will fail in a type of overhang riverbank failure, with the soil erosion rate being the main affected factor.
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Yang, Shuqing, Yuchuan Bai, and Haijue Xu. "Experimental Analysis of River Evolution with Riparian Vegetation." Water 10, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111500.
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Studying the effects of different riparian vegetation densities on river channel evolution has practical significance for predicting the river channel evolution process during flood periods and ecological river engineering via the artificial planting of vegetation. In this study, we simulated the formation and evolution processes of river channels under different riparian vegetation coverage rates in laboratory conditions. The riparian vegetation coverage rates were set as 0, 20, 40 and 80%, on unilateral and bilateral sides of a river channel bank. Given the same flow and sediment boundary conditions, experiments were carried out in a 4 × 1.5 m tank. This paper focuses on the comparative analysis of main stream stability characteristics, bend migration characteristics, river bank erosion characteristics and sediment transport intensity. The results showed that different amounts of riparian vegetation cover created different characteristics of river channel evolution and strongly impacted the stability of the banks and bed. River channel evolution under unilateral vegetation cover is often accompanied by alternate development of the main stream and branch, and the bend stability under unilateral riverbank vegetation cover is worse than under bilateral cover. For a bilateral vegetation-covered river channel, a narrow and deep regime channel more easily forms with a higher vegetation coverage rate; the curvature of the stable river bend is smaller, but the adaptation period of the flow to the river channel bed increases. Planting of riparian vegetation played a positive role in the erosion resistibility, which effectively reduced the lateral migration rate of the riverbank. The higher the vegetation coverage rate, the greater the flow shear stress needed for the same river channel migration rate. While effectively reducing lateral migration, riparian vegetation coverage increased the vertical migration and led to a trend in overall scour depth along the riverbank.
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Posi, Sara, Lucas Montabonnet, Alain Recking, André Evette, Hervé Bellot, Frédéric Ousset, Xavier Ravanat, Guillaume Piton, and Luca Solari. "Experimental study of riverbank protection with bio-engineering techniques." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 05023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184005023.
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River management implies in many situation to control the river bank stability. Bio-engineering techniques are used as an alternative to rip-rap. These techniques are not new but a renewed interest was observed during the last decade. However the design of such bank protection is still largely based an expert evaluation of each situation, and we still crudely lack a real state of the art, based on mechanistic consideration of forces exerted by the river. We present the results of preliminary flume experiments aiming to study the resistance of river bank protections using bio-engineering techniques. The final applied objectives will be to propose a framework for a good use of such technique, accounting for the river morphodynamics context.
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Lin Jye, Lee, Shenbaga R. Kaniraj, Siti Noor Linda bt Taib, and Fauzan Bin Sahdi. "Review on Lateral Stability of Piled Riverine Structures in the Estuaries of Sarawak." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.18 (August 2, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16666.
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Soft soil conditions with very soft and deep silty clay have constantly endangered the stability of the riverine and estuarine structures in Sarawak. There have been many failures of jetties, wharves and bridges in Sarawak. In many cases of failures, the piles were not designed to resist the lateral movement, unless they were included to stabilize unstable slopes or potential landslides. This practice may be due to reasons such as erroneously judging the river bank as stable in slope stability analysis or simply due to the inexperience of designers. Also, when the river bank approaches the limiting stability in its natural state any construction activity on the river bank could result in lateral soil movement. This paper highlights this important geotechnical problem in Sarawak. Then it presents the details of a few failures of estuarine structures. A review of situations causing lateral loading of piles is then presented. The results of the in-soil and in-pile displacement measurements are shown in this paper and it is found that the computation made to compare between field and 3D modeling is agreeable.
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Zulfan, J., B. M. Ginting, M. N. Hidayat, and R. Rimawan. "Finding the optimum groin layout for the Konaweha river banks protection via 2D numerical modeling." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 930, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012031.
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Abstract River bank erosion has become a critical issue, especially for river bends with an alluvial soil type. Mostly, river bank erosions have caused structural failures because many national roads in Indonesia are placed near the river bend areas. Groins can reduce flow velocity, thereby increasing riverbank stability. However, most groins were installed in the river without impacting the river flow due to the improper design. This paper analyzes the use of groins placed at the river bend of the Konaweha River to protect the river bank with a length of 250 m from erosion. The evaluation employs 2D numerical modeling using MIKE21 FM to observe the influence of the groin on the river velocity, flow distribution pattern, and water level. Sixteen model scenarios with four groin configurations were tested for 25-year discharge, 2-year discharge, normal discharge 600 m3/s, and low discharge 197 m3/s to achieve the most effective plan. Based on the simulation results, Scenarios with five groins are recommended to reduce the flow velocity along the outer river bank from 2 to 0.3 m/s, thus minimizing the erosion. In addition, the spacing of groins being twice the groin length is recommended.
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Doyle, P. F. "Performance of alternative methods of bank protection." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 1049–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-125.
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The durability of several common bank protection methods used as less expensive or environmentally acceptable alternatives to toe-trenched angular rock riprap has been documented during the 1980s at seven typical bank erosion sites in British Columbia. Since the sites were uncontrolled examples of actual river training works in operation, natural events hindered a precise comparison of each scheme with toe-trenched angular rock riprap protection. However, of the four alternatives investigated – gravel dykes, tree revetments, riprap with toe apron, and semi-round riprap – all but semi-round riprap performed less than satisfactorily over the years of observation. Documentation of performance is sufficient to conclude that on steep gravel-bed rivers, gravel dykes do not endure; tree revetments require constant maintenance and will not endure large floods, unless extremely well-constructed; toe aprons are not as reliable as toe trenches for the same volume of rock; and well-placed, large semi-round rock performs well under moderately severe attack. Key words: erosion, bank protection, channel stability, river training structures, gravel-bed.
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Tamrakar, Naresh Kazi, Ramita Bajracharya, Sudarshon Sapkota, Ishwar Thapa, Prem Paudel, and Niraj Bal Tamang. "Riverbank erosion potential and channel stability status of the Kodku River, southern Kathmandu Basin, Central Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 17 (June 8, 2015): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v17i0.12723.
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The Kodku River is a southern tributary of the Manahara River and extends for about 15.86 km with 35.67 sq. km of watershed area. It is quite a potential linkage between the hilly, southern Kathmandu and the urban, inner Kathmandu. The river corridors are frequently subject to bank erosion, slope movements and flash flooding. Riverbank erosion is an important cause of toe erosion of slopes causing landslides and also posing threat on the infrastructures. Stream channel stability is crucial to understand overall river stability. Recognition of existing stability condition of river is to understand nature and behavior of the river, and is important in many ways: (a) to recognize the bank erosion and lateral instability hazard, (b) to develop infrastructure along or nearby the river corridor, (c) to start on where to restore the river, (d) to develop reservoir and exploit natural resources, and (e) to develop safe settlement areas. The Kodku River is a gravelly mixed-load meandering river. Level II classification distinguishes the Badikhel Segment as a ‘B4c’ type stream, the Taukhel Segment as a ‘C6c’ type, and the fifth order segments such as the Arubot, Thaiba and Harisidhi Segments as ‘C4c’ type streams. The ‘B4c’ type stream is entrenched and somewhat laterally confined by steep valley slopes and terrace landforms. It has the highest unit stream power (16.64 Nm/ s/m2), high potential of bed material scouring and tendency of vertical instability. The ‘C6c’ type stream is a meandering stream with shallow channel and wide valley. The ‘C4c’ type streams have shallow and wide meandering channels with well developed flood plains and lateral bars, and have the least unit stream power (in Harishiddi Segment 0.11N-m/s/m2), low potential of river bed material erosion but have tendency of lateral instabilities. The bank erosion hazard map indicates that the upper third order stretch and few downstream stretches lie in low hazard zone, but the overall areas of the Harisidhi Segment, Gwarko, Imadol and some other areas lie in high to very high hazard zone because of devegetation, modification of channels and other anthropogenic activities in addition to the weak nature of the bank materials.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v17i0.12723Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 17, 2014, pp. 1-41
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Massiéra, Michel, and Jean-Pierre Tournier. "Stabilisation de la berge rive nord de l'aménagement hydroélectrique La Grande 1." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-083.
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The La Grande 1 (LG-1) hydroelectrical project, part of the La Grande Complex in Northern Quebec, required the construction of a 2444 m long dyke on the north bank of the river. The presence of sensitive marine clay, covered with deltaic sand and silt deposit, and river sand deposit, called for special design features such as downstream bank and upstream bank stabilization berms to avoid the occurrence of potentially disastrous retrogressive slides. This paper describes the geotechnical and hydrogeological conditions of the northern terrace and presents the different construction phases of the riverbank stabilization, with emphasis on the control of groundwater pressures in the lower aquifer by the use of relief wells.Key words: sensitive clay, river bank, dyke, rockfill, relief well, slope stability.
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Bosa, Silvia, Marco Petti, and Sara Pascolo. "Numerical Modelling of Cohesive Bank Migration." Water 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2018): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10070961.
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River morphological evolution is a challenging topic, involving hydrodynamic flow, sediment transport and bank stability. Lowland rivers are often characterized by the coexistence of granular and cohesive material, with significantly different behaviours. This paper presents a bidimensional morphological model to describe the evolution of the lower course of rivers, where there are both granular and cohesive sediments. The hydrodynamic equations are coupled with two advection–diffusion equations, which consider the transport of granular and cohesive suspended sediment concentration separately. The change of bed height is evaluated as the sum of the contributions of granular and sediment material. A bank failure criterion is developed and incorporated into the numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic flood wave and channel evolution, to describe both bed deformation and bank recession. To this aim, two particular mechanisms are considered: the former being a lateral erosion due to the current flow and consequent cantilever collapse and the latter a geostatic failure due to the submergence. The equation system is integrated by means of a finite volume scheme. The resulting model is applied to the Tagliamento River, in northern Italy, where the meander migration is documented through a sequence of aerial images. The channel evolution is simulated, imposing an equivalent hydrograph consisting of a sequence of flood waves, which represents a medium year, with reference to their effect on sediment transport. The results show that the model adequately describes the general morphological evolution of the meander.
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Rini, Daru Setyo, Endang Arisoesilaningsih, Donny Harisuseno, and Soemarno Soemarno. "Effects of Ecohydraulic Bank Stabilization Structures on Bank Stability and Macroinvertebrate Community in Surabaya River." Jurnal Pembangunan dan Alam Lestari 9, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpal.2018.009.01.04.
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Duan, Guosheng, Anping Shu, Matteo Rubinato, Shu Wang, and Fuyang Zhu. "Collapsing Mechanisms of the Typical Cohesive Riverbank along the Ningxia–Inner Mongolia Catchment." Water 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2018): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091272.
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As one of the major sediment sources in rivers, bank collapse often occurs in the Ningxia–Inner Mongolia catchment and, to date, it caused substantial social, economic and environmental problems in both local areas and downstream locations. To provide a better understanding of this phenomenon, this study consisted of modifying the existing Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM), commonly used to investigate similar phenomena, introducing new assumptions and demonstrating its applicability by comparing numerical results obtained against field data recorded at six gauging stations (Qingtongxia, Shizuishan, Bayan Gol, Sanhuhekou, Zhaojunfen, and Toudaoguai). Furthermore, the impact of multiple factors typical of flood and dry seasons on the collapse rate was investigated, and insights obtained should be taken into consideration when completing future projects of river adaptation and river restoration.
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Yamani. "The Effect of Human Activities on River Bank Stability (Case Study)." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 7, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2011.244.247.
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Dingle, Elizabeth H., Hugh D. Sinclair, Jeremy G. Venditti, Mikaël Attal, Tim C. Kinnaird, Maggie Creed, Laura Quick, Jeffrey A. Nittrouer, and Dilip Gautam. "Sediment dynamics across gravel-sand transitions: Implications for river stability and floodplain recycling." Geology 48, no. 5 (February 14, 2020): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46909.1.
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Abstract The gravel-sand transition (GST) is commonly observed along rivers. It is characterized by an abrupt reduction in median grain size, from gravel- to sand-size sediment, and by a shift in sand transport mode from wash load–dominated to suspended bed material load. We documented changes in channel stability, suspended sediment concentration, flux, and grain size across the GST of the Karnali River, Nepal. Upstream of the GST, gravel-bed channels are stable over hundred- to thousand-year time scales. Downstream, floodplain sediment is reworked by lateral bank erosion, particularly during monsoon discharges. Suspended sediment concentration, grain size, and flux reveal counterintuitive increases downstream of the GST. The results demonstrate a dramatic change in channel dynamics across the GST, from relatively fixed, steep gravel-bed rivers with infrequent avulsion to lower-gradient, relatively mobile sand-bed channels. The increase in sediment concentration and near-bed suspended grain size may be caused by enhanced channel mobility, which facilitates exchange between bed and bank material. These results bring new constraints on channel stability at mountain fronts and indicate that temporally and spatially limited sediment flux measurements downstream of GSTs are more indicative of flow stage and floodplain recycling than of continental-scale sediment flux and denudation rate estimates.
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Sari, Ridha, and Rini Yunita. "PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN KRIB BAMBU TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PENAMPANG BATANG SINAMAR, KAB. 50 KOTA." Ensiklopedia of Journal 4, no. 4 (June 27, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33559/eoj.v4i4.1183.
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A river is a natural channel which conduct water discharge that end up in to the sea. The channel and the morphology of a river would change from time to time caused by human ativities or even by nature. There are two things would occure in the river, erosion and sedimentation. In the river engineering activity, groyne built due to increase the stability of the river bank and to catch the sediment. Bamboo, that part of grass species, grows a lot by the river. The river bank is one of the best habitat for bamboo to grows. This research aims to find out how the bamboo groyne could effect the cross section of Batang Sinamar river, 50 Kota District. This research was carried out by implanted the bamboo groyne by Batang Sinamar river bank, and the river’s cross section was measured before and after the implantation. The results of the mesurements were analized by using HEC-RAS program application. The results of this study are expected to be solutions for development that is in harmony with nature, and also support the sustainable development.
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Yu, Guo-An, Zhiwei Li, He Qing Huang, and Weiwei Yao. "Effect of riparian vegetation roots on development of meander bends in Tarim River, Northwest China." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 02029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184002029.
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Meandering channel with distorted bends develops along the Tarim River, the longest dryland river in China. The river bank and bed is majorly composed of coarse silt and fine sand and almost none clay content, making the bank strength very low. The development of meander bend in such environment hence is somehow irrational. We preliminarily investigate the effects of riparian vegetation root on bend development in this region through examining the root cohesion and its enhancement on bank stability. In-situ measurements and sampling of roots from local typical riparian vegetation (i.e., populous, Tamarix, and Phragmites Australis) were conducted to obtain root parameters like diameter and root area ratio. Local bend curvature corresponding to sampling sites are also obtained. BSTEM model is used to quantitatively estimate the effects of different root conditions on improving channel bank strength. Four vegetation root scenarios were modelled, i.e., tree (populous), shrub (Tamarix), grass (Phragmites Australis) and no root. The results show that root supplies effective cohesive reinforcement for the channel bank and enhances the bank safety factors (Fs). Riparian vegetation should be a necessary condition for development of meandering channel in Tarim River.
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Stover, Jiana, Edward Keller, Tom Dudley, and Eddy Langendoen. "Fluvial Geomorphology, Root Distribution, and Tensile Strength of the Invasive Giant Reed, Arundo Donax and Its Role on Stream Bank Stability in the Santa Clara River, Southern California." Geosciences 8, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080304.
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Arundo donax (giant reed) is a large, perennial grass that invades semi-arid riparian systems where it competes with native vegetation and modifies channel geomorphology. For the Santa Clara River, CA, changes in channel width and intensity of braiding over several decades are linked in part to high flow events that remove A. donax. Nevertheless, the area of A. donax at the two study sites increased fivefold over a period of 28 years at one site and fourfold over 15 years at the second site. Effects of A. donax on bank stability are compared to those of a common native riparian tree—Salix laevigata (red willow)—at two sites on the banks and floodplain of the Santa Clara River. There is a significant difference of root density of A. donax compared to S. laevigata and the latter has a higher number of roots per unit area at nearly all depths of the soil profile. Tensile root strength for S. laevigata (for roots of 1–6 mm in diameter) is about five times stronger than for A. donax and adds twice the apparent cohesion to weakly cohesive bank materials than does A. donax (8.6 kPa compared to 3.3 kPa, respectively). Modeling of bank stability for banks of variable height suggests that S. laevigata, as compared to A. donax, increases the factor of safety (FS) by ~60% for banks 1 m high, ~55% for banks 2 m high and ~40% for banks 3 m high. For 3 m high banks, the FS for banks with A. donax is <1. This has geomorphic significance because, in the case of A. donax growing near the water line of alluvial banks, the upper 10–20 cm has a hard, resistant near-surface layer overlying more erodible banks just below the near-surface rhizomal layer. Such banks may be easily undercut during high flow events, resulting in overhanging blocks of soil and A. donax that slump and collapse into the active channel, facilitating lateral bank erosion. Therefore, there is a decrease in the lateral stability of channels if the mixed riparian forest is converted to dominance by A. donax.
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Popova, Liliia, and Leonid Rekovets. "Ecological and geographical criteria of species in Quaternary mammals on the example of ground squirrels of the subgenus Colobotis (Sciuridae, Rodentia)." Novitates Theriologicae, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53452/nt1227.
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Pleistocene small mammals demonstrate two main types of response to climatic changes: elastic (significant changes of species ranges) and resistant (stable ranges). Extinct ground squirrels of the subgenus Соlobotis belonged to climate-resistant species and formed morphologically distinct subspecies. The dispersal of the Middle Pleistocene Spermophilus (Сolobotis) superciliosus both on the left and right bank of the Dnipro corresponds to the absence of any isolating effect of the river under conditions of tectonic stability. In the Late Pleistocene, under the dominance of tectonic uplift and increasing isolating role of rivers, several subspecies were formed: S. superciliosus palaeodesnensis and S. superciliosus fulvoides on the left bank and another form on the right bank that was morphologically similar to S. major. The major-like form disappeared in the Holocene being replaced by S. s. fulvoides, which came from the Left-Bank Dnipro area.
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Haron, Nor Azidawati, Badronnisa Yusuf, Mohd Sofiyan Sulaiman, Mohd Shahrizal Ab Razak, and Siti Nurhidayu. "Morphological Assessment of River Stability: Review of the Most Influential Parameters." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 10025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610025.
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River health assessments in the form of morphological approaches are crucial to determining the stability of a river system. Human interference in the natural river landscapes has altered the regime of river flows in the past. The catastrophes arising from the regime alteration are varied: excessive erosion and sedimentation, low carrying capacity, depletion of water yield, and many more. Past researchers have formulated numerous assessments to examine the stability of a river system. Still, arguments are prevalent due to the opinionated nature of the evaluation and a lack of parameters about river equilibrium. This paper reviews the past approaches to assessing channel stability by revisiting the most influential parameters adopted in the assessment process. An Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to find the prioritization of the selected parameters. This study found that a field survey is the most preferred method of river assessment instead of the other techniques such as remote sensing, modeling, and rapid field assessment. The most influential parameters (top 5) that determine the stability of a river system are (1) channel forms, (2) channel dimensions, (3) channel substrates, (4) channel pattern, and (5) bank profile. Those parameterizations are crucial to determining the stability of a river system.
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Pelletier, Jon D. "Controls on the hydraulic geometry of alluvial channels: bank stability to gravitational failure, the critical-flow hypothesis, and conservation of mass and energy." Earth Surface Dynamics 9, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-379-2021.
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Abstract. The bank-full depths, widths, depth-averaged water velocities, and along-channel slopes of alluvial channels are approximately power-law functions of bank-full discharge across many orders of magnitude. What mechanisms give rise to these patterns is one of the central questions of fluvial geomorphology. Here it is proposed that the bank-full depths of alluvial channels are partially controlled by the maximum heights of gravitationally stable channel banks, which depend on bank material cohesion and hence on clay content. The bank-full depths predicted by a bank-stability model correlate with observed bank-full depths estimated from the bends in the stage–discharge rating curves of 387 U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations in the Mississippi River basin. It is further proposed that depth-averaged water velocities scale with bank-full depths as a result of a self-regulatory feedback among water flow, relative roughness, and channel-bed morphology that limits depth-averaged water velocities to within a relatively narrow range associated with Froude numbers that have a weak inverse relationship to bank-full discharge. Given these constraints on channel depths and water velocities, bank-full widths and along-channel slopes consistent with observations follow by conservation of mass and energy of water flow.
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Tamrakar, Naresh Kazi, and Ramita Bajracharya. "Fluvial environment and existing stability condition of the Manahara River, central Nepal Himalaya." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 39 (September 25, 2009): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v39i0.31487.
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The Manahara River that is one of the large tributaries of the Bagmati River has been exploited in recent decade. Lateral shifting of river, bank erosion and subsequent destruction of fertile lands and inundation of crop lands during high discharge are some of the problems. Five representative segments of the river were surveyed in detail for existing status of the river applying hydrologic, geomorphologic and sedimentologic analyses in order to recognize stability condition. The first to the fifth segments are classified as F4-, C4-, C4-, B4- and B4-streams characterised by matrix supported gravelly substrates. Streams F4 and B4 are potential to degradation and streams C4 are potential to aggradation. Dimensionless shear stress in all the segments exceed critical dimensionless shear stress even at much lower bankfull condition suggesting greater mobility of the riverbed materials. Schumm's F-factor versus M-factor plots revealed that the 3rd and 4th order streams (B4-streams) are potential to degradation, and 5th order (F4 and C4)) streams are potential to aggradation. The existing channel surveyed in 2006 was compared with the previous channel of 1995. The results indicate that the meander belt area has grown by 8% and average meander belt width has increased by 32%. The average lateral shift of meander belt axis has approached 156 m with maximum shift of 243 m in C4 stream. The average meander length and the meander belt ax is length have extended respectively by 25% and 2.5%. Meander geometry of the 5th ordered streams deviates from the stability. All these suggest that the planform geometry of the Manahara River has not been stable. Therefore, system wide instability exists in the river basin. In order to improve the existing river condition, anthropogenic disturbances should be minimised , and bank protection measures and restriction of riverbed mining should be implemented in C4- and F4-streams before deteriorating the river into severe condition.
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Raczyńska, Małgorzata, Sylwia Machula, Mariusz Raczyński, Damian Spieczyński, and Małgorzata Zimnicka-Pluskota. "STABILITY OF MACROZOOBENTIC COMMUNITIES IN RIVER MAŁA INA, A LEFT-BANK TRIBUTARY OF RIVER INA (NW POLAND)." Inżynieria Ekologiczna, no. 47 (2016): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/62843.
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Mandarino, Andrea, Giacomo Pepe, Michael Maerker, Andrea Cevasco, and Pierluigi Brandolini. "Short-Term GIS Analysis for the Assessment of the Recent Active-Channel Planform Adjustments in a Widening, Highly Altered River: The Scrivia River, Italy." Water 12, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020514.
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From the 1990s onwards several Italian rivers have experienced a recent phase characterized by active-channel widening and, generally, by bed-level stability or slight aggradation. However, its triggering factors and its diffusion, along with the relationship between active-channel planform dynamics and vertical adjustments, are still quite debated and only few studies are available. This research deals with the active-channel planform changes occurred along the Scrivia River floodplain reach (NW Italy) over the period 1999–2019 and it aims at investigating in detail the ongoing geomorphological processes under the river management perspective. The study is based on a quantitative multitemporal analysis of aerial photographs and satellite images performed in a GIS environment and supported by field surveys. The outcomes revealed a generalized trend of gentle active-channel widening together with widespread bank instability and several (26% of total banks) intense and localized bank retreats involving both the modern floodplain and the recent terrace. In the investigated 20-year period, the active-channel area has increased by 22.7% (from 613.6 to 753.0 ha), its mean width by 25% (from 151.5 to 189.3 m), whereas no relevant length variations have been noticed. These morphological dynamics have been more or less pronounced both at reach scale and over time. The extreme floods occurred in the investigated period can be considered the most important triggering factor of the active-channel planform changes, most probably together with an increase of the reach-scale unit stream power due to changes in the channel geometry occurred over the 20th century.
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Yu, Guo, Mowen Xie, and Yong Li. "Evaluation methods of regional bank slope stability based on geographic information systems and integrated information model." Journal of Geography and Cartography 5, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v5i1.1411.
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Through the combination of the geographic information systems (GIS) and the integrated information model, the stability of regional bank slope was comprehensively evaluated. First, a regional bank slope stability evaluation index system was established through studying seven selected factors (slope grade, slope direction, mountain shadow, elevation, stratigraphic lithology, geological structure and river action) that have an impact on the stability of the slope. Then, each factor was rasterized by GIS. According to the integrated information model, the evaluation index distribution map based on rasterized factors was obtained to evaluate the stability of the regional bank slope. Through the analysis of an actual project, it was concluded that the geological structure and stratigraphic lithology have a significant impact on the evaluation results. Most of the research areas were in the relatively low stable areas. The low and the relatively low stable areas accounted for 15.2% and 51.5% of the total study area respectively. The accuracy of slope evaluation results in the study area reached 95.41%.
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Hossain. "River Embankment and Bank Failure: A Study on Geotechnical Characteristics and Stability Analysis." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2011.102.107.
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Stotts, S., M. A. O'Neal, and J. E. Pizzuto. "Observations of Riparian Tree Geometry and Bank Characteristics along a Bank Stability Gradient at the South River, VA." River Research and Applications 31, no. 6 (May 21, 2014): 747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2764.
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Zhou, Yundong, Zhangcheng Qu, Weijie Zhang, and Zhanbin Wang. "SPH Simulation on the Coupled Failure of Slope-Building Adjacent to Water Triggered by the Rapid Drawdown of Water Level." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (May 8, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8956198.
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With the development of economy, more and more buildings are constructed on both sides of rivers. The rapid drawdown of water level may induce the change of groundwater seepage in the river bank, thus affecting the stability of buildings on the bank. In this study, the right bank of Qinhuai river with its ancillary building from the Dinghuai Gate to the Qingliang Gate in Nanjing City is analyzed to reveal the failure mechanism and coupled failure mode of slope and building adjacent to water. The soil-water coupled SPH program considering the interaction between soil and structure has been proposed. Then this model is used to study the evolutionary deformation mechanism of slope and building under the rapid drawdown of water level. The results indicate that the potential slip surface of slope and the asymmetrical distribution of plastic zone in the foundation of building become more obvious under the rapid drawdown of water level. Besides, the differential settlement of building induced by the rapid drawdown causes the building tilt. When the sliding surface of the slope passes the building, the differential settlement will become larger. This study is conducive to reveal the coupled failure mechanism of slope and building and also to provide scientific basis for the prevention of such disasters.
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Mananoma, Tiny, and Yohanis W. Y. Koagouw. "The Influence of Flood Discharge to the Stability of River Morphology." Journal of Sustainable Engineering: Proceedings Series 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35793/joseps.v1i1.8.
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Sedimentation has been an issue for a long periode of time. It affects the river morphology process which is constantly changing from time to time due to its sediment supply system. There are 2 main parameters that strongly affect the morphological process and those are discharge and sediment. When the movement of the sediment occur it will lead to degradation and agradation along the river that will affect the river morphology. Because of those processes, the river dynamic characteristic should be considered in structural design.In North Sulawesi, Tondano River has been known as one of the main river and it has a discharge all year around. With rapid land coverage change, dicharge may increase significantly and hence more sediment could be transported. Moreover, there are increase use of the river resources and more structures built along its sides that appeared to have induced more sediment in transport.This paper presented the corelation between discharge of various flow rates and the amount of sediment being transported at these rates along certain river segments. Slight changes on morphology of the river due to degradation and agradation processes at these segments were also displayed Analysis was carried out to evaluate agradation and degradation processes during various flow rate at the middle section of the Tondano River. Prior to this was the analysis of river discharge. This research has confirmed that indeed the sediment transport occurred at the observed river’s segments was due to the varied discharges. The transport therefore instigated the recurrent changes on the river’s morphology this may pose threats to the stability of river’s structures i.e. by means of scouring progression. Solutions suggested to overcome the problem includes: 1). Non-structural or structural reinforcement on the river bank; and 2). Sediment management to overcome the degradation and agradation processes.
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Rosenberg, Peter, Jacques Provençal, Guy Lefebvre, and J. Jacques Paré. "Influence of the groundwater on the stability of a clay bank in Baie James, Québec." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 22, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t85-053.
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The Rivière Broadback in northern Québec flows westward almost parallel to latitude 51 °N to discharge into Baie James at its southern end. Near the estuary the river banks are in clay. Surveys of the landsliding activity showed that many of the slides are superficial, with depths seldom greater than about 2 m, and are usually in the clay crust.Instrumentation revealed regional groundwater pattern close to the river banks that showed areas varying from those with significant underdrainage to those with hydrostatic pressure conditions. The stability of 26 m high river slopes inclined at 27° in an area of underdrainage was investigated.Triaxial testing on undisturbed tube samples was used to obtain the postpeak parameters. Stability analyses gave a factor of safety close to one for shallow failure surfaces. With underdrainage, the factor of safety for deep failure surfaces is appreciably higher. When hydrostatic pore pressure conditions are assumed, analysis gave a factor of safety for deep failure that was reduced by about 30%.The results of the analyses emphasize the relation between the morphology of the landslide activity and the groundwater regime. With underdrainage, effective stresses increase much faster with depth and the critical failure surface is always close to the surface, as confirmed by field observations. Key words: natural slope, clay, pore pressure, field measurements, stability failure surface, failure morphology.
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Luca, Mihail, Paul Vivian Sion, Mihaela Avram, Ilie Logigan, and Stefania Chirica. "CONSIDERATIONS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES ON MOLDOVA RIVER LOWER COURSE AND THE EVOLUTION OF REGULARIZATION WORKS." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 13, no. 2 (October 15, 2019): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/pesd2019132004.
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The paper presents an analysis of the morphological changes created on the Moldova River lower course. The studies and researches were carried out on the sector around Pildeşti locality, where Roman water catchment is located. The successive floods from 1994 to 2018 have morphologically modified the Moldova River minor river bed, which determined supply parameters of the wells located on the left bank of the river. The minor river bed moves horizontally during floods due to the degradation of the jetties and the enclosure beams. The floods of 2016 and 2018 partially and totally destroyed some of the riverbed's shore protections. Also, part of the shore protection works have been degraded, which has influenced the stability of the Moldova River left bank. The floods in the past ten years have led to the displacement of the minor river bed towards the right riverbank by breaking the old enclosure dikes and the jetties. Studies conducted during 2012-2018 analysed hydrological, hydraulic, morphological and topographic parameters on the considered river sector. The research analysed the concurrence of regulation and protection works in the water catchment area during floods. The flood of 2016 forced the restoration of the Moldova River minor river bed, to ensure the optimum wells operation.
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Zhou, Xiao Jun, and Guo Rui. "Design of Structure and its Enclosure for Subaqueous Tunnel to Cross River in Urban Highway Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.390.
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This paper summarizes the design of reinforced concrete structure and its enclosure for a subaqueous tunnel used to cross a river in urban highway line. The tunnel mainly consists of open-cut section on river bank and cut-cover section under river bed. Their structure and enclosure are both illustrated in the paper according to site geology and general layout of urban highway line. The use of rotary bored pile and soil mixing wall to preserve the stability of open-cut foundation pit are summarized in the paper.
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rostami, milad, Mohammad mehdi Hosseinzadeh, and Reza Esmaili. "Assessment of bank-river stability versus erosion and factors for its management strategy in the Vaz river, Mazandaran province." Researches in Earth Sciences 11, no. 4 (January 20, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/esrj.11.4.1.
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Lefebvre, Guy, Peter Rosenberg, Jean Paquette, and J. G. Lavallée. "The September 5, 1987, landslide on the La Grande River, James Bay, Quebec, Canada." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-032.
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The September 5, 1987, landslide at kilometre 82.5 on La Grande River affected a slope about 60 m high inclined at about 35°. The site had been identified as presenting high risks of a major landslide and had been under observation for several years. The conditions existing before the landslide are relatively well documented from a deep boring put down in 1975 at the slide location and from prior observations and photographs of the river bank erosion. The overburden deposit, sand at the ground surface changing to a silty clay at depth, was normally consolidated but affected by a strong underdrainage. Stability analyses confirm the strong underdrainage deduced from the 1975 piezometric reading. The slide retrogressed 290 m from the river on a surface inclined at 6°. The location of the retrogression surface appears related to the undrained shear strength profile. Key words: landslide, earthflow, sensitive clay, groundwater, river erosion, slope stability.
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Zhou, Jian Jun, Tian Ya Zheng, Zhi Peng Gong, and Zhan Ling Fu. "Numerical Simulation of Stability to Muzhuping Slope Failed by Impoundment in Shuibuya Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1936–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1936.
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The Shuibuya Dam is the highest concrete faced rockfill dam (the height is 233m) in the world. The dam site is located in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei province, china. The reservoir level is a maximum of 400m. When the dam was partially completed, water impoundment was started. On May 10, 2007, when the reservoir level achieved at 289m, a landslide located on the bank of Modao-he River moved rapidly, a tributary of the Qingjiang River. 14 houses collapsed and moved into the river, but nobody was killed due to timely geological prediction. For the purposes of landslide disaster mitigation in the reservoir areas and identification of landslide movement and deformation caused by the change of reservoir level, some researches were conducted, such as geological exploration, some soil tests and numerical simulation and monitoring system. In this paper, the causes of landslides and slope failure mechanism and the stability of slope were simulated by using DDA method and FLAC3D for the different reservoir’s level.
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Wang, Hao, Qing Hu, Weiwei Liu, Liqun Ma, Zhiying Lv, Hongyu Qin, and Jianbo Guo. "Experimental and Numerical Calculation Study on the Slope Stability of the Yellow River Floodplain from Wantan Town to Liuyuankou." Toxics 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11010079.
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More than two million people live on the floodplains along the middle and lower streams of the Yellow River. The rapid development of industry and agriculture on both sides of the Yellow River has caused serious pollution of the floodplain soil. Erosion by water has led to the destruction of the floodplain which has not only compressed people’s living space but also resulted in a large amount of sediment containing heavy metals entering the river, aggravating water pollution. To further study the law governing the release of pollutants in soil, this work, based on field surveys of the Yellow River floodplain slopes from Wantan town to Liuyuankou, was focused on determining the failure mechanism and laws for the floodplain slope through the combination of a flume experiment and numerical calculations. The results showed that the floodplain slopes, composed of clay and silty sand, presented an interactive structure. Under the action of water erosion, the slope was first scoured to form a curved, suspended layer structure, and then the upper suspended layer toppled. The bank stability coefficient decreased by about 65% when the scour width increased from 0.07 m to 0.42 m, and the water content increased from 20% to 40%. For the failure characteristics, the angle of the failure surface was negatively correlated with the scour width, and the distance from the top failure surface to the bank edge was about 2.5 times that of the scour width.
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Obodovskyi, Oleksandr, Michał Habel, Dawid Szatten, Zakhar Rozlach, Zygmunt Babiński, and Michael Maerker. "Assessment of the Dnieper Alluvial Riverbed Stability Affected by Intervention Discharge Downstream of Kaniv Dam." Water 12, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041104.
Full textAbstract:
Along the middle reaches of the Dnieper River in central Ukraine, braided riverbeds with many islands have developed in alluvial valleys. In the 1970s, six dams were commissioned, and respective monitoring infrastructure was installed. Riverbanks and valley floors composed of unconsolidated material have much lower bank strengths and are susceptible to fluvial erosion and bank collapse, particularly during the release of high flow volumes from hydropower dams. The regulation of the Dnieper River along a cascade of storage reservoirs caused significant changes in its active river channel and hydrological regime. In order to estimate channel stability downstream of the Kaniv reservoir, we conducted an analysis of the hydraulic conditions in terms of changes in flow velocity and propagation of waves caused by intervention water discharges from the Kaniv Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP). In this paper, we assess the hydromorphological parameters of the studied river reach as well as the characteristics of the related erosion and deposition zones. Therefore, a monitoring framework for channel processes (MCP) downstream of the Kaniv HPP was installed. The analysis of the intervention discharge parameters was conducted based on measurements from July 2015. Channel stability was expressed by the following factors: Lohtin’s number (L), Makkaveev’s (Kc) factor of stability, and a complex index of stability (Mx) by Grishanin. This study shows that the velocity of artificial wave propagation may reach a speed of up to 74.4 km·h−1. The wave propagates for a distance of approx. 45 km within 65 min at a mean velocity of 37.4 km·h−1. The L, Kc, and Mx indicators used in this work showed that when water discharge increased (e.g., during typical peak-capacity operation), the channel becomes unstable and sediments are subject to erosion processes. The riverbed stability indicators clearly illustrate that an increase in parameter values is not dependent on the distance to the dam. The results are valuable for sustainable sediment management at catchment scale and hence, directly applicable in water management.