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Academic literature on the topic 'Risques sismiques – Quito (Équateur)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Risques sismiques – Quito (Équateur)"
Chatelain, Jean-luc, Bertrand Guillier, Marc Souris, Éric Dupérier, and Hugo Alfonso Yepes Arostegui. "SIG et évaluation des risques naturels: application aux risques sismiques de Quito." Mappemonde 39, no. 3 (1995): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/mappe.1995.1192.
Full textDemoraes, Florent, Robert D. Ercole, Pascale Metzger, and Marc Souris. "Enjeux, mobilité, accessibilité et risques. L'exemple du district métropolitain de Quito (Équateur)." Revue internationale de géomatique 16, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2006): 435–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rig.16.435-456.
Full textChatelain, J. L. "Les scénarios sismiques comme outils d'aide à la décision pour la réduction des risques : projet pilote à Quito, Equateur." Revue de géographie alpine 82, no. 4 (1994): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rga.1994.3780.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Risques sismiques – Quito (Équateur)"
Pacheco, Daniel. "Étude de la réponse sismique du bassin de Quito." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ4017.
Full textThe city of Quito (Ecuador's capital) is located in an Andean valley at 2800 meters above sea level. Surrounded by volcanoes, this city of approximately 2 million inhabitants is prone to major earthquakes, and it is particularly vulnerable since no seismic code is formally used for constructions. The study of the hazard and the seismic risk is, therefore, essential. Three types of earthquakes threaten the city: a) a close earthquake of moderate magnitude (M ~ 6.5), which would occur on the Quito fault system, b) a more distant earthquake which could have a higher magnitude (M ~ 7.5) coming from the cordillera, and c) finally a subduction earthquake coming from the coastline more than 170 km away, the magnitude of which could be very high (M> 8.5). This third type of earthquake struck Ecuador on April 16, 2016 (Pedernales earthquake, Mw 7.8). Pedernales earthquake caused very significant damage to the coast region and several hundred victims. It also made the city of Quito tremble but caused no damage. What about a stronger earthquake? Could the seismic wave amplifying effect due to the Quito sedimentary basin, as was the case in 1985 in the Mexico City basin, generate very strong ground motion values causing significant damage? Could smaller magnitude but closer earthquakes threaten the city more seriously? These scientific questions are at the heart of this thesis subject's concerns, which is included in a major study project of the Ecuador-Chile zone carried out jointly by the Institute of Geophysics of Quito and French researchers from GeoAzur, ISTerre, CEREMA, and IFSTTAR laboratories. Objectives of the thesis: Understand, characterize, and simulate ground movements in Quito's city, taking into account the effects of basin resonance (i.e., the geometry of the basin's bedrock, alluvial filling) well as those due to the strong surrounding topography. Carry out simulations of likely future earthquakes. Available data (not yet used): Background noise recordings by 20 broadband stations in and around the basin for six months (the measurement campaign will be carried out from July to December 2017). Small earthquakes recordings on the Quito accelerometric network (RENAQ) since 2010. Recordings of the Pedernales earthquake and its main aftershocks on the RENAQ network Methodology : Seismic noise cross-correlation to estimate inter-station Green's functions, relying on existing geological and geotechnical data. Other inversion techniques (e.g., receiver functions, the study of converted waves on the sediment/bedrock interface) considered depending on the quality of the estimated Green's functions. Low-frequency stimulation using Green's functions obtained by cross-correlation of noise and high-frequency simulations using empirical Green's functions (i.e., recordings of small earthquakes)
Demoraes, Florent. "Mobilité, enjeux et risques dans le District Métropolitain de Quito (Equateur)." Chambéry, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007025.
Full textThe objective of this geography PhD thesis is to suggest a reflection on the risks incurred by the Metropolitan District of Quito -DMQ- (Ecuador) regarding the mobility issue and its vulnerabilities partly attribuable to the presence of a lot of damaging hazards (earthquakes, volcanic iruptions, floods. . . ). Inspired from previous analysis methods on risks, realised by some geographers from the University of Savoy int the towns of Nice and Annecy, this research elaborated in a way such as to be reproducible, focusing on the main urban flows at stake and on the key physical elements they rely on, suggests a reflection base that could be useful to different urban stakeholders in a preventive planning perspective ; it also provides some ways to reduce vulnerabilities and presents some orientations toward a crisis management. Finally, it suggests a conceptual reflection on the articulation of the thematic of "mobility" and "risks" from the concepts such as "vulnerability" and "accessibility". The demonstration is based on fieldwork carried out during 2 and a half years in Quito, in the framework of a research program called 'Information System and Risks within the Metropolitan District of Quito" started in 1999 by the Development Research French Institute (IRD) in partnership with the municipality of Quito. This work, methodological above all, required the constitution of a GIS databise (with its meta-data) called "Mobilité", strucutred with the help of the "Savane" software package developed by the IRD
Castro, Cruz David Alejandro. "Prédiction des mouvements sismiques forts : apport de l’analyse du comportement non-linéaire des sols et de l’approche des fonctions de Green empiriques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4216/document.
Full textSeismic hazard assessments must consider different aspects that are involved in an earthquake process and affect the surface ground motion. Those aspects can be classified into three main kinds. 1) the source effects are related to the rupture process and the release of energy. 2) the path effects related to the propagation of energy inside Earth. 3) the influence of the shallow layers geotechnical characteristics; the so-called site-effects. The site effects are considered in risk mitigation through the evaluation of the seismic soil response. Under cyclic solicitations the soil shows a non-linear behavior, meaning that the response will not only depend on soil parameters but also on seismic motion input characteristics (amplitude, frequency content, duration, …). To estimate the non-linear site response, the usual practice is to use numerical simulations with equivalent linear analysis or truly non-linear time domain approach. In this document, we study the influence of the nonlinear soil behavior on the seismic site response by analyzing the earthquake recordings from borehole array configurations. We use the Kiban Kyoshin network (KiK-Net) data. All 688 sites are instrumented with two 3-components accelerometers, one located at the surface and the another at depth. From these data, we compute the ground motion amplifications from the surface to downhole recordings by the computing Fourier spectral ratios for the aim to compare between the spectral ratio for weak and strong ground motion. The main effect of the non-linear behavior of the soil on the site transfer function is a shift of the amplification towards lower frequencies. We propose a new methodology to quantify those changes and study the nonlinear effects. This work results in a site-dependent relationship between the changes in the site response and the intensity parameter of the ground motion. The method is tested analyzing the records of the earthquake of Kumamoto (Mw 7.1, 2016). Posteriorly, we propose to integrate a correlation between seismic moment and the duration of the fault (Courboulex et al., 2016) in the empirical Green’s function method. This methodology was applied to simulate one seduction event in Equator, and we compare the results with the records of the Pedernales earthquake (Mw 7.8, 2016) in the city of Quito. We attempt to take in account the nonlinear effects in the empirical Green’s function method. We use the methodologies of the first part of this document based on the frequency shift parameter. The procedure could be implemented in other methodologies that can predict an earthquake at a rock reference site, such as the stochastic methods. We test the procedure using the accelerometric records for one of the aftershocks o the Tôhoku earthquake (Mw 7.9)