Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Risques pour la santé – Effets de la chaleur'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 20 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Risques pour la santé – Effets de la chaleur.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Machard, Anaïs. "Towards mitigation and adaptation to climate change : Contribution to Building Design." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS020.
Full textDue to climate change projecting increased heatwaves occurrence, ensuring that buildings designed and built today will be adapted to future warmer temperatures is essential. The scope of this Ph.D. is to propose a methodological contribution to the design of buildings that both mitigate (minimize yearly energy needs) and adapt (minimize summer indoor overheating, limit health-heat-related risk) to climate change. The methodology can be applied to any building case study in any climate. For this purpose, bias-adjusted weather files containing both present, future typical conditions and future heatwave periods were developed. The potential of different passive cooling mitigation and adaptation strategies to reduce summer indoor overheating is evaluated using these weather files through dynamic thermal simulations, sensitivity analysis and optimization methods. The results of this research work highlight that for the building case study, the evaluated strategies (buffer spaces, thermal mass, roof optical properties, glazing ratio, ventilative cooling) have a strong capacity to enable summer thermal comfort in future typical summers in Paris and in La Rochelle. However, in Carpentras, and under recurring heatwaves in all three cities, the limits of these mitigation and adaptation measures are recognized. In fact, the future heatwaves consistently lead to consecutive days of indoor overheating exposure during both daytime and nighttime for building occupants, leading to a health-heat-related risk especially for the most vulnerable. These sequences are not detected when using only future typical years, which stresses the relevance of this work. Only the combination of optimized building envelopes, ventilative cooling strategies and adaptive opportunities from building occupants (solar control, increased indoor air velocities) have the potential to offset the projected recurring health-heat-related risk, particularly elevated in the South of France
Fauche, Isabelle. "Le vin, bénéfices potentiels et risques." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P007.
Full textJavelaud, Bertrand. "Acquisitions récentes sur le métabolisme et la toxicité de l'arsenic : application à la surveillance toxicologique et biologique de l'exposition professionnelle." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114829.
Full textChappé, Julien. "Appel à la peur et cadrage de l’information : les effets sur la vulnérabilité perçue." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100188.
Full textSince the fifties’ fear appeals are currently used in health risks communications. Information framing, focusing on the positive (gains) or the negative consequences of behaviour, can create this threat. Communications effects on behaviour are well-known but no study has examined theirs effects on perceived vulnerability like comparative optimism. Five experiments were conducted to explore, in the fear appeals field, message framing effects on comparative optimism. We confirm the (physiological) emotional impact of framing previously based on self-declaration. We show in three studies that framing, on gains or losses, change perceived vulnerability in terms of comparative optimism or pessimism. These results depend on perceived efficacy. Finally, we validate the necessity to take into account ambivalence of attitudes: ambivalent people are more sensitive to framing than non ambivalent
Aloui, Lisa. "Pollution atmosphérique et risque de cancer : bilan des études épidémiologiques récentes." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P193.
Full textBerleur-Aubert, Marie-Pierre. "Etude épidémiologique de la fréquence des avortements spontanés en relation avec l'exposition professionnelle paternelle au benzène." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P054.
Full textMigeot, de Baran Christine. "Etude méthodologique et biotoxicologique des promutagènes urinaires chez le fumeur." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P631.
Full textParat, Sylvie. "Étude des relations entre climatisation, micro-organismes aéroportés et santé : une approche médicale, métrologique et technique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE19010.
Full textMontastruc, François. "Neuroleptiques chez l’enfant, l’adolescent et l’adulte jeune : évaluation pharmaco-épidémiologique de l’utilisation et des risques associés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0621/document.
Full textOur works deals with the use of antipsychotic drugs and risks associated with their use in general population. First, a “pragmatic” approach of pharmacoepidemiology was performed to evaluate in real life, (i) the use of antipsychotics in the French general population by using data from EGB (Echantillon Généraliste des Bénéficiaires) and from the Midi-Pyrénées Pharmacovigilance database (BMPPV), as well as in pregnant women with data from EFEMERIS (Evaluation chez la Femme Enceinte des MEdicaments et de leurs RISques); (ii) the risks associated with antipsychotics by using the BMPPV, VigiBase® the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Individual Case Safety Report (ICSR) and data from EFEMERIS. Secondly, we examined an original “explanatory” approach with VigiBase®, the PE-PD method (Pharmacoepidemiologic-Pharmacodynamic method) to investigate potential mechanisms of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We deliberately selected an ADR with a well-established mechanism – i.e. movement disorders – in order to test the validity of the PE-PD method. For the “pragmatic approach”, our analysis found marked changes in antipsychotics use both in the general population and in pregnant women, with a switch from first generation antipsychotics (FGAPs) to second generation antipsychotics (SGAPs). The use of antipsychotics in general population remained relatively constant but a raise was observed for SGAPs in two vulnerable populations concerning ADRs: children/adolescents and pregnant women. Despite the switch (from FGAPs to SGAPs), associated use of drugs with high atropinic properties was highly prevalent and constant during the recent years. Concerning risks, no association was found in EFEMERIS data, not allowing to confirm the signal of gastrointestinal congenital malformations associated with antipsychotic use described in VigiBase®. For movement disorders, the risk found was lower with clozapine than with other antipsychotics. Risks of movement disorders differed according to age classes, with less akathisia, but more acute dystonia in children and adolescents (< 18 years). For the “explanatory approach”, the PE-PD method found an inverse correlation between serotonergic 5-HT2A or muscarinic M1 receptor occupancies and reports of movement disorders involving APs. Our thesis work allowed, through the study of neuroleptics (1) first, discussing, from a methodological point of view, the complementarity between French drugs databases (EGB and EFEMERIS) and pharmacovigilance databases for studying drug utilization and risks associated, in particular the opportunity to study the risk of malformations associated with drug use; then, (2) at the pharmacological level, highlighting the issues on the benefits and / or harms of the atropinic burden of prescriptions associated with antipsychotics; finally, (3) in a social pharmacology approach, starting from the results of the PE-PD method, discussing the place of the mechanism of drug action in drug evaluation, from basic to clinical pharmacology, and its possible integration into pharmacoepidemiology
Rosa, Natalia Nicole. "La structure de matrices céréalières riches en fibres alimentaires et antioxydants influence-t-elle leurs effets santé ?" Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20181/document.
Full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the structure (at physical and/or molecular level) of wheat bran and aleurone and their health effects. Keeping the composition of bran and aleurone constant, their structure was modified by mechanical and/or enzymatic treatments in order to disrupt their complex matrix structure and increase the bioaccessibility of their dietary fibre and phenolic compounds. The antioxidant capacity of the bran and aleurone fractions was evaluated by a standard in vitro test and by an in vitro gastric digestion model. The grinding disrupted the physical structure of bran and aleurone increasing their specific surface leading to a greater exposition of ferulic acid moiety (FA) which increased their antioxidant capacity. Enzymatic treatment performed on aleurone acted on its molecular organisation releasing its FA from arabinoxylans (AX). This destructuration improved the antioxidant capacity of aleurone even more than the one allowed by grinding. As aleurone is rich in highly fermentable AX, the effects of its better accessibility and depolymerisation were evaluated using an in vitro model mimicking the human colon. The physical destructuration of aleurone by grinding did not improve its fermentability, i.e. the colonic metabolism of phenolic compounds and the formation of short-chain fatty acids were similar compared to the native aleurone. Nevertheless, the enzymatic degradation of aleurone produced higher amount of soluble AX and bioavailable FA improving the metabolism of colonic FA in metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties. An in vivo mouse study with a high-fat diet was used to evaluate the potential of physically and molecularly destructured aleurone to counteract the metabolic disorders, such as obesity, oxidative stress and inflammation. The physical destructuration of aleurone did not have any positive effect on the metabolic disorders. The aleurone fraction, which presented the highest level of soluble AX and bioavailable FA, reduced the obesity (body weight gain, adiposity, and leptin secretion) and insulin resistance in mice. But no significant differences were observed in the oxidative stress and inflammation status of mice fed with any of the aleurone-based diets. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the aleurone health effects were clearly linked to the integrity of its structure. Its health effects have been increased by modification of its structure mainly at molecular level by degrading its cell wall to increase the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of nutritionally interesting compounds, such as AX and FA
Bourrée, Fanny. "Comparaison de trois méthodes pour évaluer les risques professionnels liés à l'utilisation de produits chimiques cancérogènes, mutagènes et toxiques pour la reproduction et liés aux facteurs psycho socio organisationnels dans des laboratoires de recherche." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21555.
Full textThe occupational hazards evaluation in research laboratories is not nowadays developed enough, partly because expertise and load of work requested by actual methods. Main objective was to compare two innovative methods : Delphi and nominal group (NG), in a classical method founded on observation and interview. The realization order of consensus methods was drawn lots. Two hazards, chemical (carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic (CMR) and psycho social organizational (PSO), were independently evaluated in 13 research laboratories wuth a standardized and common questionnaire. The sensitivity and specificity of NG method (Se = 0,86 ; Sp = 0,74) for identifying CMR used were superior to those of Delphi (Se = 0. 83 ; Sp = 0. 57). Probability of identifying PSO factors by NG method (OR = 2,4) and Delphi (OR = 1,6) were significantly higher ythan the observation. The correlation between the results of methods was between 0. 17 and 0. 33. Logistic regression showed that the size of the laboratory and the medium seniority of the participants were parameters on the methods performance for both types of hazards. NG seems preferable because of its performance, feasibility and acceptability. Occupational hazards evaluation was not yet sufficiently integrated into the research lab, NG could find its place in the occupational hazards evaluation paragdim. It could be a tool for identification and used internally and serve as a preliminary screening tool for the doctors at work of occupational safety and health person to guide and facilitate monitoring of workers and to feed the "document unique". Based on a simple methodology working group NG allows professionals more aware of the occupational hazards evaluation by placing them at the heart of the process
Filleul, Laurent. "Pollution atmosphérique et sante : le cas des personnes agées." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21024.
Full textIt is accepted that there is an health effect of actual levels of air pollution in industrialized countries on but some questions subsist on identification of susceptible subgroups. Based on a group of elderly people has been studied in this thesis. We have confirmed from Program PSAS-9, relationship between daily mortality and daily air pollution levels. Compared to all age population, elderly subjects showed a higher significant association between daily mortality and air pollution. We have investigated of individual factors of susceptibility among elderly in PAQUID cohort. We have observed that women and subjects living alone were more sensitive to air pollution. The association between chronic exposure to air pollution and long term mortality has been studied on a 25 year period in PAARC survey. Whatever age of subjects, we did not find a significant relationship. In conclusion, this work demonstrates a greater effect of air pollution among subjects ager 65 and over, especially in women and people who live alone. Identification of such factors appears useful to target preventing actions
Riesco, Éléonor. "Effet de l'activité physique seule ou combinée à une diète sur le profil cardiométabolique et la qualité de vie chez la femme." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21210.
Full textBaubestre, Claude. "Surveillance biologique et environnementale du risque professionnel lié aux effluents automobiles : étude dans deux garages municipaux parisiens." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P620.
Full textPetitdant, Nicolas. "Exploration des effets neuro-toxicologiques des ondes radiofréquences du téléphone portable au cours du développement sain et pathologique chez le rat." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0014.
Full textThe widespread use of mobile phones raises the question of the possible health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF, GSM 900 MHz) on the brain. Acquisition of the first cell phone occurs predominantly before adolescence. Scientific literature reports effects of high levels of RF EMF exposure on the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The GFAP is the principal intermediate filament of the astrocytes. These cells play a role in the synaptic transmission and brain damages repair. In this context, we hypothesized a disturbance of the astrocytes and brain functions by the exposure of high RF EMF levels carried out during foetal or adolescent cerebral maturation. A second assumption is made that the organisms under development sensitised by an inflammatory episode would be more vulnerable to the environmental exposures and lead the expression of the neuro-biological effects of RF EMF. To test these hypotheses, we mimicked the foetotoxic effects of a pathological state of the mother. We used a gestational inflammation model of rat obtained with intra-peritoneal injections of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). This model was exposed to RF EMF, either during all gestation (co-exposure with LPS), or during the adolescent stage. In another experimental group, we mimicked a reactive astrogliosis consecutive to an infection or a neuro-pathological state at the adolescent stage by micro-perfusion of LPS in the cerebral ventricle. In this model, adolescent rats were co-exposed to LPS and RF EMF. The different endpoints were measured in the young adult. In gestational co-exposure, endpoints were measured during juvenile and adolescent stages. Behavioural paradigms were used to examine the emotional states, the perception and the adaptation to novelty. The GFAP levels were quantified in the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, striatum and amygdala. Our results indicate effects on behavioural endpoints (particularly in novelty perception) in the young adult previously exposed to RF EMF during gestation (and not during adolescence). Only one interaction between the LPS and RF EMF was shown in co-exposure during adolescence. A weaker increase of the GFAP levels was shown after a 1,5W/kg exposure. These results were obtained with levels of RF EMF exposure which were much higher (10 to 50 times) than those induced by the mobile phone held near the foetus by the pregnant woman or near the ear during a phone call. It will be important to reproduce these effects before considering mechanistic interactions of RF EMF on the foetal development and the neuro-inflammatory process at the adolescent stage. In addition, it will be necessary to identify if these effects are induced at environmental RF EMF levels in order to contribute to the neuro-toxicological risk evaluation of RF EMF
Rosique, Clément. "Evaluation métabolomique du blocage réitéré de la thyroïde par l'iode en situation d'accident nucléaire : application chez le rat, étude BPL chez le chien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0231.
Full textIn the event of a nuclear accident, releases of radioactive iodine can cause thyroid cancer. To protect the thyroid, a single dose of KI is indicated, but this measure is limited in the case of prolonged releases. Then, a repeated blockage of the thyroid is needed but it side effects are unknown. We used the metabolomic approach to investigate the effects of a 1 mg/kg/day dosage for 8 days on the Wistar rat and a 20, 40 or 60 mg/ kg/day dosage for 28 days on adult Beagle dog in GLP studies. In adult rats, metabolic changes persisted 1 month after treatment in the thyroid (tyrosine and catecholamines metabolisms) and in plasma and urine (markers of oxidative stress response and inflammation). Since no clear clinical signs have been observed (no change in T4 and T3 levels), the metabolic response could reveal a modified and non-pathological homeostatic state: allostasis. In the in utero rats treated with KI, it was observed a performance decline of neurological performance tests associated with metabolic (amino acid metabolism and tyrosine metabolism) and lipid (DHA lipid and lipid involved in cell signaling) perturbations in the motor cortex. Only a part of these changes is attributable to the slight change in TSH and T4 levels (young male rat only). Thus, the repeated use of KI in the pregnant mother to protect the fetus is not safe and a new dosage should be considered. In dogs, the NOAEL set at 20 mg/kg is accompanied by non-pathological metabolic dysregulations as observed in the adult rat
Peiffer, Julie. "Étude de la neurotoxicité d’un Polluant Organique Persistant chez le rat : effets à court et à long terme de l’inhalation répétée de fluorène sur le développement sensori-moteur du jeune et le comportement à l’âge adulte." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL103N/document.
Full textActually air pollution is ubiquitous due to the emission of chemical compound from many sources. In this context, Polycyclic Aromaric Hydrocarbons (PAH)related compounds are widely distributed in the air and have shown deleterious health effects.Fluorene was chosen as a representative compound of PAHs pollution. This work consisted in the evaluation of its neurotoxic effects in adult animals, exposed i.p., orally or by exposure nose-only. The inhalation model of exposure was then applied to the study of its effects on sensorimotor development and on behavioral activity of animals exposed in utero or during lactation.The results showed that fluorene is able to induce behavioral changes in adult animals exposed directly or indirectly on the level of anxiety and the locomotor activity, whereas no effect on learning and memory abilities has been observed. However, no defect on the development of motor and sensory functions was demonstrated. Furthermore, the analysis of the presence of the compound and three of its metabolites showed that the pollutant was able to cross the blood brain barrier and can be metabolized in the brain. Moreover, variations have been observed concerning behavioral and physiological responses between studies, showing that effects induced by fluorene are dependent on the way of administration, the level of contamination and the time of exposure.In conclusion, these results demonstrate in animals the behavioral toxicity of fluorene at levels of contamination corresponding to human cases of exposure, confirming so the risk of PAH exposure throughout life
Nefzi, Amani. "Analysis and dosimetry of the coupling of electromagnetic waves with biological tissues : application to applicator design for biomedical and study of health effects." Thesis, Limoges, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LIMO0011.
Full textThe evolution and increasing use of mobile communications systems was associated with laboratory investigations to study radiofrequency electromagnetic waves exposure safety. In this context, this thesis focuses on the characterization of exposure systems allowinglaboratory in vitro studies on cell models. A dual numerical and experimental approach is implemented to perform the devices dosimetry allowing to determine and control the exposure levels. One of the limitations associated with this dosimetry is due to the micrometric dimensions involved. Therefore, a microscopy technique based on a temperature-dependent fluorescent dye named Rhodamine B was set up and evaluated. This assessment recommends an optimal concentration of the dye at around 50 μM. After calibration, it is possible to estimate the specific absorption rate (SAR) from the temperature variation, even for low levels of SAR (< W / kg) with a spatial resolution of less than ten micrometers i.e. microdosimetry. The two main exposure systems studied, based on microelectrode arrays (MEA), allow the recording of neurons electrophysiological activity. Exposure to electromagnetic waves is achieved simultaneously by inserting these MEAs into TEM cells exposure systems. Dosimetry carried out at 1.8 GHz shows a higher sensitivity of one MEA to its environment. It was shown that the modifications made to the second MEA such as its aperture size and ground planes, have reduced the proximity environment influence. The microdosimetry demonstrated good homogeneity of the SAR between the electrodes with an estimated value of 7 ± 1 W / kgfor 1 W incident power. Finally, a microfluidic exposure device based on a coplanar waveguide was characterized under static conditions
Tesson, Vincent. "Devenir des virus entériques de l'homme dans les eaux et les sols : vers une comparaison de scénarios de rejets et de recyclages." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0343/document.
Full textUrban treated wastewaters may be heavily contaminated by human pathogenic enteric viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis, despite their treatment. In order to compare health risks of different wastewater management scenarios, we investigated (i) how to predict virus shedding from epidemiological data on acute gastroenteritis, (ii) the environmental fate of these viruses when wastewaters are discharged into rivers, and (iii) the fate of these viruses when they are brought to the soil by irrigation. Our study focused on a wastewater collection basin of 240,000 inhabitants near Clermont-Ferrand, on the Artière and Allier Rivers and the Allier alluvial groundwater potentially contaminated by wastewater discharges, and on a soil in the irrigation perimeter reusing these wastewaters. Concentrations of various viruses were monitored over the same period in raw and treated wastewaters, as well as in surface and underground freshwaters. We proposed a method based on epidemiological data to estimate the daily number of new cases of acute gastroenteritis of viral etiology in 2015-2016; and we combined these estimates with a viral shedding model to estimate the quantities of enteric viruses arriving at the treatment plant. The fate of viruses has been simulated by taking into account the removal of viruses in the treatment plant and dilution-mixing in rivers. The fate of viruses brought to the soil by treated wastewater reused in agricultural irrigation was studied on a well-represented soil in the perimeter using a surrogate virus. Its fate has been described by a model combining transfer, reversible immobilization and removal; the model distinguished between mobile and immobile waters, as well as between free viruses and viruses adsorbed on colloids in suspension. The method for switching from epidemiology to virus shedding allowed us to accurately simulate virus inflows to the treatment plant, including a winter peak and the prominent role of norovirus GII in viral gastroenteritis cases. The simulation of virus removal in the treatment plant and subsequent dilution-mixing phenomena in rivers allow correctly simulating the viral load in the river downstream of the wastewater discharge, but their subsequent fate remains poorly characterized. When brought to the soil, the surrogate virus was progressively removed or irreversibly immobilized, according to a 0.38 log10 daily removal. The reversibly immobilized fraction could be estimated by a Freundlich isotherm. The addition of Mg2+ favored the immobilization of viruses, as well as their adsorption on colloids dispersed in mobile water. While sterilized wastewater had no major effect on virus immobilization compared to artificial soil solution due to the antagonistic effects of their organic compounds and mineral cations, groundwater rich in Mg2+ favored immobilization of viruses. An additional work, complementary to this PhD, showed the impact of irrigations on vegetable surface and internalized contaminations. After improvement, our study could be coupled with a quantitative viral risks assessment.Key words: enteric virus, sewage, discharge, reuse, irrigation, environmental fate, scenarios, assessment
Yan, Bo-Fang. "Ecophysiologie de l'allocation du cadmium au grain chez le blé dur." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0114/document.
Full textCadmium (Cd) is a toxic element. Human activities have contaminated a wide range of agricultural soils. Most of Cd entering human bodies is through the dietary intake, and especially through staple food like cereals. Durum wheat naturally accumulates more Cd in its grains than other cereals. A significant fraction of the French durum wheat production has been found to exceed the European regulatory limit set for Cd. There is thus a need to reduce the accumulation of Cd in durum wheat grains. This thesis is dedicated to a better understanding of the ecophysiology of Cd allocation to the grains in durum wheat, with the ambition of helping to find agronomic strategies to reduce the Cd contamination level of durum wheat products.In first, we investigated the relationship between the aboveground partitioning of Cd and the shoot allometry. We hypothesized that the partitioning of shoot biomass between grains and straws is a driver of the allocation of Cd to the grains. Eight French durum wheat cultivars differing in their stem height were grown in presence of Cd. As expected, the main factor explaining the difference in their grain Cd was the shoot biomass partitioning. Cultivars allocating a higher proportion of their aerial biomass to the straws, i.e. long-stem cultivars, tended to accumulate less Cd in their grains because stems and leaves are sinks for Cd in competition with developing grains.Minerals imported into cereal grains originate from either direct post-anthesis root uptake or from the remobilization of pre-anthesis stores. The second part of this work was dedicated to determine the quantitative importance of these two pathways for Cd in durum wheat, and how their relative contribution vary between cultivars and with the level of nitrogen (N) supply. Stable isotopic labelling was used to trace the flux of Cd taken up post-anthesis. The impact of N supply was tested by depriving half of the plants of N after anthesis, in two cultivars showing a contrasted ability to accumulate Cd in their grains. The contribution of Cd remobilization was around 50%, which means that half of Cd in grains originated from Cd taken up pre-anthesis. Cd was remobilized from stems, possibly from roots, but not from leaves. The contribution of remobilization did not vary between the two cultivars so that no relationship between the pathway and the level of accumulation of Cd in grain was evidenced. Post-anthesis N deprivation triggered the remobilization of N without affecting that of Cd, which suggests that Cd remobilization is a senescent-independent process.In third, we investigated how the characteristics of Cd allocation to the grains was affected by the level of Cd exposure. [...]In last, we focused on how Cd was distributed within durum wheat grains. [...] This work provided the first map of Cd localization in durum wheat grains. Cd distribution was characterized by a strong accumulation of Cd in the crease and by a non-negligible dissemination in the starchy endosperm, as compared to Fe and Zn