Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Risques naturels – Prévision – Modèles mathématiques'
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Aubert, Maëlle. "Caractérisation de l’état de surface des sols nus agricoles par imagerie radar TerraSAR-X." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0047.
Full textIn the context of sustainable development, soil and water resources management is a key issue from not only the environmental point of view, but also from a socioeconomic perspective. Soil moisture, roughness, composition, and slaking crusts are some key variables used to understand and model natural hazards, such as erosion, drought and floods. For agricultural bare soils (most subject to runoff), numerous studies have already shown the potential of C-band RADAR data for the mapping of soil moisture and roughness. However, the application of these methods in operational settings remained limited.In this context, the first objective of this thesis was to analyse the sensitivity of X-band TerraSAR-X sensors to soil surface characteristics (SSC) at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Different TerraSAR-X configurations were evaluated and results were used to define the optimal instrumental configuration for the characterization of each SSC parameter. The comparison of TerraSAR-X sensor sensitivity with equivalent levels recorded with the C-band sensor showed that the TerraSAR-X sensor is undoubtedly the most suitable of the two when estimating and mapping soil moisture at a fine scale (50 m²).The second objective of this work was to develop a method to estimate and map soil moisture levels of agricultural bare soil. To achieve this goal, methods that are commonly used to retrieve soil moisture from C-band, have been tested on X-band data. The accuracy of soil moisture estimations using an empirical algorithm was determined, and validated successfully over numerous study sites. A mapping process based uniquely on TerraSAR-X data, both for bare soil detection and for the estimation of soil moisture content, was developed. This innovative chain of « automatic and autonomous» mapping processing steps should enable the utilization of TerraSAR-X data for the mapping of soil moisture levels in operational conditions
Meunier, François. "Prédiction de phénomènes géologiques pour l'aide à la décision lors de la prise de permis d'exploitation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS351.
Full textMachine learning, which is considered as an integral part of artificial intelligence, and should ultimately make computers "smart", continues to grow with time, and opens unsuspicious horizons. More and more complex structures tend to be studied by this way, raising the available information to the level of exploitable knowledge. This doctoral work proposes to valorize a particular type of data that are the 3D objects (structures) constructed from mesh, by empirically justifying the undeniable contributions of an extraction of sub-parts coming from these last one. This objective is achieved by solving a forecast problem by a new supervised classification approach for information recommendation. Beyond the expected result, a justification is also provided in the form of the visualization of sub-parts extracted discriminant, thus allowing interpretation by the specialist. In the Total Exploration service, this classification need is initially applied to large 3D structures such as geo-models of geological basins, whose relevant elements belong to sub-parts. During the study of a subsoil, geologists try to understand the subsoil by using 3D data reconstructed through acoustic waves. This understanding can be helped by providing a way to detect some types of shapes within these structures. We propose, in order to answer this problem, a classification system of these 3D structures. Thanks to an adaptation of Time series Shapelets and features selection methods, it is possible to only select the most relevant parts for the targeted classification. To summarize, the main idea is to randomly extract a certain number of sub-surfaces from each 3D object of the learning set, then to study its relevance depending on the expected classification, before using the most relevant one for a more traditional learning based on the degree of belonging of the extract in each object. In industrial companies, the lack of justification of results tends to assimilate machine learning techniques to a black box. The proposed method, however, corrects this problem, and allows the understanding of the result of the decision support provided by the classification built. Indeed, in addition to presenting slightly better forecast results than those provided by the state of the art, it offers a visualization of the sub-parts of the most discriminating 3D objects within the framework of the implemented classification model, and therefore the areas that will have mostly allowed to classify the data. Subsequently, we propose an improvement of this method by two main paths: the first one is the contribution of an adaptation of the transfer of knowledge (or transfer learning applied to the previously proposed algorithm; the second one is an innovative method of attribute selection, based on tools derived from fuzzy subset theory, which proves to be potentially applicable to any type of attribute selection challenge in supervised classification. These multiple results confirm the general potential of random selection of candidate attributes, especially in the context of large amounts of data
Chiroiu, Lucian. "Modélisation de dommages consécutifs aux séismes. Extension à d'autres risques naturels." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070075.
Full textThe work deals with the earthquake loss modelling, before and after an event. First is presented the state of the art of the existing models, such as HAZUS or RISK-UE. Next, capacity curves for different model building types are developed and applied in order to obtain loss scenarios for 2 European sites: Barcelona and Nice. The use of the high resolution satellite imagery for the fast detection, mapping and loss estimation after an earthquake is analysed in the frame of a multidisciplinary approach, combining techniques of remote sensing and earthquake engineering. A multi-hazard intensity scale is presented in the end
Bengoubou-Valérius, Mendy. "Contribution à la connaissance de l'aléa sismique des Antilles Françaises : analyses des données sismologiques et accélérométriques régionales." Antilles-Guyane, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409021.
Full textThe Lesser Antilles is an area of high volcanic and earthquake activity, characterized by a 1000 km convergence zone resulting from the Atlantic plate subduction under the Caribbean plate with a slow convergent motion (2 cm/year). With five years of available data, the CDSA data base presents a more homogeneous vision of lesser Antilles arc seismicity and allows detecting low seismic activity zones, in the north near the Virgin Islands, and in the south between St-Lucia and Grenada. The accuracy improvements of location is used to better study the relationship between tectonic structures and seismicity, to better define the subduction slab geometry, and to analyse the spatial variations of the Gutenberg-Richter law b-value. Concerning the 21 november 2004 les Saintes earthquake, EMS98 intensities in les Saintes islands were evaluated from an individual request in les Saintes islands and hypocenter relocalisations of the les Saintes earthquake and the biggest aftershock of 14 february 2005 were made using a method of master/slave in order to contrain the seismic source of the mainchock. As seismic hazard assessment depends trom strong ground motion generated by earthquakes, the last part of this work concerns modeling accelerometric records of the les Saintes earthquakes, combining a composite source model with an empirical Green Function technique. In our study, we used les Saintes aftershocks as empirical green function
Rochet, Bouzid Isabelle. "Contribution à l'étude des écoulements granulaires appliqués aux éboulements rocheux en grande masse." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10336.
Full textBustamante, Adriana Maria. "Étude de la stabilité sismique de trois talus naturels au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21696.
Full textChemitte, Jérôme. "Adoption des technologies de l’information géographique et gestion des connaissances dans les organisations : application à l’industrie de l’assurance pour la gestion des risques naturels." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4998/01/Thèse_JC_CRC_MRN.pdf.
Full textKnowledge management is a major issue for organizations in order to develop innovative capabilities considered as sources of advantage in markets increasingly competitive. Although it is clear that information systems are appropriate tools to achieve it, it is often difficult for organizations to justify the benefits of investing in GIS technologies. This observation is confirmed in the French insurance industry. We show that the initialization of a process of creation of new knowledge about natural risks based on the development of a professional infrastructure for spatial information contribute to the adoption of GIS technologies in the insurance companies, and stimulate innovation in the French industry
Ben, Salem-Hajili Amira. "Les produits dérivés climatiques : Modelisation et valorisation." Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020088.
Full textDa, Silva Garcia Bruna. "Analyse des mécanismes d'interaction entre un bloc rocheux et un versant de propagation : application à l'ingénierie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI062/document.
Full textNumerous uncertainties related to the machanical interaction between rock boulders and the natural slope during block falls persist; and the forecast of such events is therefore still uncertain. Nevertheless, digital tools and computing power are constantly evolving. Previously, trajectory calculations were restricted to simplified geometries and two-dimensional ballistic movements, but it is now possible to incorporate refinements such as the complex shape of the blocks, three-dimensional numerical models of terrain of large sizes, as well as a better accounting of the dissipative mechanisms at the point of impact between the block and the run-out slope.The main objective of this work is to analyze, with a discrete elements code in three dimensions, the influence of the shape and interaction parameters on the nature of the rebound in an engineering context. We first present a methodology for identifying and studying the sensitivity of contact parameters, developed and validated from laboratory experiments. This methodology was subsequently applied to two block fall experiments conducted on medium and large real-scale scenarios.The study conducted on a medium scale allowed the numerical model to be compared with data obtained during an experimental rockfall tests campaign commissioned by the SNCF and conducted in collaboration with IRSTEA in a railway. The analyzes that were carried out mainly focused on the impact velocities of the blocks with ballast and propagation distances.The large-scale study is based on a series of block releases performed at the experimental site (Authume quarry, France) as part of a Benchmark proposed inside the National Project C2ROP. The mainly goal of this Benchmark is to access and compare trajectory softwares, numerical computation codes and engineering practices to define their relevance and validity domains. As part of the thesis, this work was conducted in several phases (blind phase and then conducted taking in account partial data measured during the experimental tests) and we present the evolution of these analyzes at the end of each one of these phases. The study focused on the velocities, heights and energies of the blocks at certain points of the propagation profile, as well as on the stopping positions of the blocks. The influence of block shapes on run-out distances is also presented.Lastly, an internal Benchmark performed within the IMSRN company shows the importance, on the analyzes, of the expertise of the operator, and the consequences derived from the application of different trajectography tools (in 2D and in 3D). This work highlights the current issues that are often faced by engineering offices and engineers in charge of risk quantification
Djerboua, Abdelatif. "Prédétermination des pluies et crues extrêmes dans les Alpes franco-italiennes : prévision quantitative des pluies journalières par la méthode des analogues." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0030.
Full textFressard, Mathieu. "Les glissements de terrain du Pays d’Auge continental : Caractérisation, cartographie, analyse spatiale et modélisation." Caen, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968473.
Full textThe Pays d’Auge plateau hillslopes (Normandy, France) are widely affected by instability processes. In spite of an actual risk, few studies were engaged on these complex phenomena in this smooth topography area. This research aims to complete the limited knowledge about the local instability processes and to develop a landslide susceptibility mapping strategy. Two main objectives are guiding the work : (1) observation and characterization de the instability phenomena (inventory, typology and geomorphological mapping) ; (2) landslide susceptibility mapping at the 1/50. 000 and at the 1/10. 000 scale. We obtained a detailed landslide typology for the continental part of the Pays d’Auge plateau. This was used as a basis for several landslides inventories at different scales. Datasets representing the landslide predisposing factors were acquired with a particular attention paid on the quality, the cost and the scale fitting of the data. The work was focused on the comparison between “expert”, “semi-expert” and probabilistic approaches to map the landslide susceptibility. The results show that probabilistic approaches can be used complementarily to the usual expert methods and can help in selecting more appropriate landslide predisposing factors, even if the method is widely influenced by the quality of the input data
Liu, Zaobao. "Évaluation et amélioration des modèles numériques pour l'analyse de la stabilité des pentes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10018/document.
Full textSlope failures and rock burst, which are two typical types of geological hazards, create tremendous economic damages and cause massive losses to the health of domestic humans or animals every year throughout the world. The severe situation implies that they are still in need to be further studied despite the fact that they have been discussed for a long time. The present work is devoted to presenting the analysis of slope failures and rock burst using some computational intelligent models with modifications and improvements. Then landslide, a common type of slope failure, is analyzed for time occurrence prediction using the Gaussian Process by means of field-observed displacement series. After that, the problem of slope stability evaluation is discussed using the strategy of relevance vector machine (RVM) with adaptive hyper-parameter. An iteration approach is presented to find optimal hyper-parameter values in this chapter. Afterwards, the comprehensive evaluation of slope stability is carried out with the cloud model (CM) and weighted analytical hierarchy process (WAHP) closely related to the left abutment slope of Jinping 1 Hydropower Station, southwest of China. Finally, prediction of rock burst classification is engaged using the cloud models synthesized with the attribution weights on the basis of 164 rock burst cases. In each modeling of the associated problems, comparisons are given on the performance of each strategy as well as some evaluations
Drouet, Stéphane. "Analyse des données accélérimétriques pour la caractérisation de l'aléa sismique en France métropolitaine." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30062.
Full textThe aim of this study is to analyse the vertical structure of the low troposphere during the ESCOMPTE campaign in relation with transport and diffusion of pollutants. This analysis shows the difficulty to define a boundary layer. It allows us to highlight a complexe superposition of several internal boundary layers, particularly near the coast. The study of the layer where pollution may be accumulated or diluted pointed out the fact that pollution is trapped near the surface, close to the coastline under sea-breeze conditions whereas it is advected over the mountains where the boundary layers are deeper. During sea-breeze conditions, the ozone concentration is paradoxically weak near the sources at the coastline (titration). Over the mountains, the strong developments of the boundary layers result in a mixing between the highly polluted low troposphere and the surface which enhances the ozone concentration
Votsi, Irène. "Evaluation des risques sismiques par des modèles markoviens cachés et semi-markoviens cachés et de l'estimation de la statistique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2058.
Full textThe first chapter describes the definition of the subject under study, the current state of science in this area and the objectives. In the second chapter, continuous-time semi-Markov models are studied and applied in order to contribute to seismic hazard assessment in Northern Aegean Sea (Greece). Expressions for different important indicators of the semi- Markov process are obtained, providing forecasting results about the time, the space and the magnitude of the ensuing strong earthquake. Chapters 3 and 4 describe a first attempt to model earthquake occurrence by means of discrete-time hidden Markov models (HMMs) and hidden semi-Markov models (HSMMs), respectively. A nonparametric estimation method is followed by means of which, insights into features of the earthquake process are provided which are hard to detect otherwise. Important indicators concerning the levels of the stress field are estimated by means of the suggested HMM and HSMM. Chapter 5 includes our main contribution to the theory of stochastic processes, the investigation and the estimation of the discrete-time intensity of the hitting time (DTIHT) for the first time referring to semi-Markov chains (SMCs) and hidden Markov renewal chains (HMRCs). A simple formula is presented for the evaluation of the DTIHT along with its statistical estimator for both SMCs and HMRCs. In addition, the asymptotic properties of the estimators are proved, including strong consistency and asymptotic normality. In chapter 6, a comparison between HMMs and HSMMs in a Markov and a semi-Markov framework is given in order to highlight possible differences in their stochastic behavior partially governed by their transition probability matrices. Basic results are presented in the general case where specific distributions are assumed for sojourn times as well as in the special case concerning the models applied in the previous chapters, where the sojourn time distributions are estimated non-parametrically. The impact of the differences is observed through the calculation of the mean value and the variance of the number of steps that the Markov chain (HMM case) and the EMC (HSMM case) need to make for visiting for the first time a particular state. Finally, Chapter 7 presents concluding remarks, perspectives and future work
Thiery, Yannick. "Susceptibilité aux mouvements de versant dans le bassin de Barcelonnette : cartographie morphodynamique, analyse spatiale et modélisation probabiliste." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1501.
Full textSaint-Geours, Nathalie. "Analyse de sensibilité de modèles spatialisés : application à l'analyse coût-bénéfice de projets de prévention du risque d'inondation." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20203/document.
Full textVariance-based global sensitivity analysis is used to study how the variability of the output of a numerical model can be apportioned to different sources of uncertainty in its inputs. It is an essential component of model building as it helps to identify model inputs that account for most of the model output variance. However, this approach is seldom applied in Earth and Environmental Sciences, partly because most of the numerical models developed in this field include spatially distributed inputs or outputs . Our research work aims to show how global sensitivity analysis can be adapted to such spatial models, and more precisely how to cope with the following two issues: i) the presence of spatial auto-correlation in the model inputs, and ii) the scaling issues. We base our research on the detailed study of the numerical code NOE, which is a spatial model for cost-benefit analysis of flood risk management plans. We first investigate how variance-based sensitivity indices can be computed for spatially distributed model inputs. We focus on the “map labelling” approach, which allows to handle any complex spatial structure of uncertainty in the modelinputs and to assess its effect on the model output. Next, we offer to explore how scaling issues interact with the sensitivity analysis of a spatial model. We define “block sensitivity indices” and “site sensitivity indices” to account for the role of the spatial support of model output. We establish the properties of these sensitivity indices under some specific conditions. In particular, we show that the relative contribution of an uncertain spatially distributed model input to the variance of the model output increases with its correlation length and decreases with the size of the spatial support considered for model output aggregation. By applying our results to the NOE modelling chain, we also draw a number of lessons to better deal with uncertainties in flood damage modelling and cost-benefit analysis of flood riskmanagement plans
Gracia, Danies Fabio. "Application de la Méthode des Points Matériels aux phénomènes gravitaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI009.
Full textIn mountainous regions, the prediction of gravitational phenomena remains a challenge for the management of risk. Computational methods such as the Discrete Element Method (DEM) have been used for the modeling of these types of phenomena, where particles interact with each other to give an overall behavior of the mass. Its application can be somewhat restricted to small and medium number of blocks, since the computational time can easily become too large. Continuum analyses are therefore an attractive approach, which can reduce the computational times, but that rely on a constitutive law to represent the behavior within the mass. The main objective of this PhD was to develop a numerical tool that allowed the modeling of some specific gravitational hazards, such as the flowing of mass. A Lagrangian-Eulerian method such as the Material Point Method (MPM) is able to handle large deformations, while preserving most of the capabilities of the Finite Element Method (FEM). The method uses an Eulerian grid which is only used as a numerical scratch-pad, and remains fixed during simulations. A numerical tool named MPMbox (2D and 3D) was then developed from the ground up using C++. The code was validated using a series of analytical solutions for quasi-static analysis (some standard geotechnical tests), as well as simulations including large and rather rapid deformations (slump tests). After validation, the code was first used to make a numerical comparison with the DEM. In the comparison, a parametric survey was carried out during which the flow of a granular material on a sloped surface was simulated. Results were compared in terms of run-out distance, spread of the deposit and energy dissipated at the interface and within the mass during the flow. For a second study, discrete elements were coupled with MPM so that a rigid block could interact with a deformable soil. This application consisted in the (2D) analysis of the collision between a discrete block (round and squared) and a bounded elasto-plastic double-layered soil (soft over hard layers). The investigations were largely based on the measurement of the restitution coefficient (ratio of kinetic energies before to after the impact), which cannot be easily determined experimentally
Rakotoarisoa, Mahefa. "Les risques hydrologiques dans les bassins versants sous contrôle anthropique : modélisation de l'aléa, de la vulnérabilité et des conséquences sur les sociétés. : Cas de la région Sud-ouest de Madagascar." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0067/document.
Full textHydrological risks are recurrent on the Fiherenana watershed - Madagascar. The city of Toliara, which is located at the outlet of the river basin, is subject each year to hurricane hazards and floods. The stakes are of major importance in this part of the island. This study begins with the analysis of hazard by collecting all existing hydro-climatic data on the catchment. It then seeks to determine trends, despite the significant lack of data, using statistical models (time series). Then, two approaches are used to assess the vulnerability of the city of Toliara and its surrounding villages. First, a static approach, from surveys of land and the use of GIS are conducted. Then, the second method is based on a multi-agent model. The first step is the mapping of a microscale vulnerability index which is an arrangement of several static criteria. For each House, there are several criteria of vulnerability such as potential water depth or architectural typology. As for the second part, scenes of agents are simulated in order to evaluate the degree of housing vulnerability to flooding. The model aims to estimate the chances of the occupants to escape from a catastrophic flood. For this purpose, we compare various settings and scenarios, some of which are conducted to take into account the effect of various decisions made by the responsible entities (awareness campaign etc.). The simulation consists of two essential parts: the simulation of the rise of water and the simulation of the behaviour of the people facing the occurence of hazard. Indicators and simulations allow to better understand the risks in order to help crisis management. Key Words: Hy
Pinson, Laura. "Analyse et représentation des épisodes de caniculaires en zones urbaines denses : de la durée à la conception d'un indice de dangerosité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1061/document.
Full textThe IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in its 4th report underlines that the European cities will be impacted by more frequent and more intense scorching episodes due to the climatic modifications taking place during the XXIth century. Peculiar climatic areas, significantly hotter than their surroundings, cities amplify the phenomenon of the urban heat island (UHI). In the example of Paris, the urban islands of heat can exceed by 8°C to 10°C the temperatures measured a few kilometers away. This effect is all the more fatal as heat wave periods become more and more regular (2003, 2006, 2010, 2015). The knowledge on the heat wave phenomenon requires to put in relation spatial and temporal data so as to define high-risk areas.To be able to simulate a heat wave, the SURFEX-TEB model, designed by Météo-France, and CNRS, was chosen. It allows to estimate the temperature in town from weather conditions of the highest atmospheres. These forecasts are particularly important in heat wave periods where temperature differences between cities and suburban areas can exceed 8°C. The heat wave risk, resulting from the UHI, is complex to both understand and represent.To characterize, understand and represent the heat wave by the means of the SURFEX-TEB model, we made a data fusion with measures realized during the 2015 heat wave in Paris. This assimilation highlights, for instance, the accumulation phenomena and the impact of the apartments configuration on the inside and outside temperatures. Our various configurations allowed to confirm the importance of taking into account the internal temperatures during heat waves periods.This research thus proposes a specific and technical perspective of the heat waves representation. Its objectives are a better representation of heat waves and a sharper estimation of their dangerousness according to the phenomenon duration, its intensity and the urban and human features. Maps describing the heat wave and its dangerousness are highlighted thanks to the elaboration of a public Web site.The results of this research rise an interrogation on the thresholds of heat wave. They underline the importance to introduce an internal threshold of heat wave and demonstrate the role of the urban configuration, particularly the types of house. This should contribute to better take into account the dangerousness of heat waves and to improve the mitigation of their effects
Bouchenafa, Walid. "Modélisation des inondations en tunnel en cas de crue de la Seine pour le Plan de Protection des Risques Inondations de la RATP (PPRI)." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2338/document.
Full textThe 1910 flood of the Seine had a direct impact on the functioning of the different networks (Electricity network, sewerage, transport, water distribution). The RATP network was particularly affected in its functioning. The damage that centennial flood could cause today may be even greater because the current network is more vulnerable because of the numerous electrical and computer equipment that it comprises. The majority of the emergences (The water ingress) of the RATP is located in flood areas. During a major flooding of the Seine, the flows due to the floods propagate directly into the underground and central part of the network (Metro and RER) through these emergences. This thesis is interested in a hydrodynamic simulation by MIKE URBAN, Model used to model the RATP network due to its MOUSE engine developed by DHI for the sewerage networks. This work also presents the results obtained on a physical model of a subway station. The experimental data were used to model water ingress within the RATP network from the subway station. Network protection against infiltration requires a thorough knowledge of underground flow conditions. Infiltrations through the tunnels are estimated numerically. The aim of this research is to improve and validate a simulation model. It is a question of implementing an operational decision support tool which will allow the flood cell of the RATP to understand the functioning of its network in order to improve its flood risk protection plan
Dumollard, Gaspard. "Gestion en futaie régulière d'une forêt à plusieurs classes d'âge et allocation des terres en présence d'un risque de tempête : caractérisation des états stationnaires et rôle des préférences." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA019/document.
Full textThe storm risk has a strong impact on forest management, directly through the damages a storm can cause and indirectly through induced precautionary behaviors.This PhD thesis addresses the issue of even-aged forest management with multiple age-classes in presence of a storm risk and when the producer has recursive preferences. Unlike expected utility preferences, recursive preferences distinguish between risk aversion and intertemporal preferences.An original analytical approach based on Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, as well as a numerical stochastic dynamic programming approach are used to characterize stationary states and to clarify the role of determinants, in particular the role of preferences. In addition, the analysis is extended to the issues of land allocation and climate change.Results show that the storm risk combined with preferences leads forest producers to reduce the average rotation age out of precaution, as it permits to reduce the forest exposure and vulnerability. Moreover, land use diversification in favor of activities without risk and providing a regular income is shown to be another option to adapt to the storm risk. Finally, producers' expectations of an increase in the storm risk probability, which comes along climate change, are revealed as another source of precautionary behavior.In all the situations considered, risk aversion and intertemporal preferences are shown to have distinct roles, confirming that recursive preferences are relevant to deal with this type of issues
Jia, Xiaojuan. "Fuzzy logic based decision support system for mass evacuation of cities prone to coastal or river flood." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858055.
Full textPoiraud, Alexandre. "Les glissements de terrain dans le bassin tertiaire volcanisé du Puy-en-Velay (Massif central, France) : caractérisation, facteurs de contrôle et cartographie de l’aléa." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF20014/document.
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