Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Risques alimentaires – Qualité – Contrôle'
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Jung, Kwan-Seon. "Etude comparative du droit de la gestion des risques alimentaires en France et en Corée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1003.
Full textThe food safety concerns are now an important place, both nationally and internationally. This phenomenon is further strengthening under the leadership of successive food crises and the expansion of uncertain risks. The state accordingly shall undertake responsibility for risk management such as risk assessment, risk prevention, and prompt response to crisis at all stages of production, distribution and sales of food. In this context, the precautionary principle provides a mechanism for determining risk management measures or other actions to ensure the higher standard of health protection. This article, through reviewing the cases and studies in France on the precautionary principle and the control over it, aims to help better understand the principle and actively introduce it to Korea. In addition, this article presents suggestive points through a comparative study of the system and food law between France and Korea, possible improvements to implement an effective food risk management
Pichon, Paul-Emmanuel. "Perception et réduction du risque lors de l'achat de produits alimentaires en grande distribution : facteurs d'influence et rôle de la confiance." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://publications.ut-capitole.fr/686/.
Full textFor about twenty years now, food-related crisis have becoming recurrent, and the list of alerts and threats keeps on growing. Recent crisis and the spreading shadow of food fears have both deeply questioned the trust relation between consumers and various direct players of the food chain (i. E. Farmers, producers, food industry executives, whole salers and retail), but also indirect ones (government, consumers'associations, media). Even though the concept of risk is portrayed in various aspects in academic literacy, it appears that physical risk is predominant whilst consuming food. This thesis emphasizes particularly on physical risk, on the long and short term. This time differentiation illustrates well the whole complexity of food risk. Based on a survey of 400- over purchasers of beef meat in hypermarkets, this research permits a better understanding of the consumer-eater behavioral specificities in his/her perception, as well as his/her strategies at the purchasing stage. This thesis identifies notably certain individual factors (i. E. Anxiety, sensitivity to food crisis, self confidence) in the perception of food risk, in the long ans short run. This thesis demonstrates as well the usefulness of food risk reductors, those generated by the food sector players, as well the role played by trust in the risk- reduction phase
Castillo, Roberto. "Répercussion de traitements physiques de décontamination du polypropylène sur ses propriétés physico-chimiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0009.
Full textFood packaging is highly regulated respect to their use. European regulation CE N ° 10/2011 "Plastic Implement Measures" requires the verification of the safety of packaging on the basis of the precautionary principle. A notion of risk is associated with packaging due to a lack of knowledge of the reactivity of the molecules from the additives used and those specific from plastic. The products of reaction and/or degradation (called neo-formed) are little known or not known.The neo-formed products may occur during the lifetime of use of food packaging, from production to final use by the consumer. As part of this work, we determined the influence of two physical methods for decontamination of surfaces: pulsed light and electron-beams, on polypropylene films specifically formulated for this study.Some molecules such as oligomers (POSH) are specific of polymers. They are already present in the films before treatment and they avoid a good identification of the neo-formed molecules. The use of techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled with gas chromatography (LC-GC) or two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) is required to separate the oligomers and analyze the films and neo-formed molecules.Only the antioxidant Irgafos 168 among the molecules studied, presented reactivity after Pulsed Light treatment, it was observed the formation of several isomers from the original molecule following oxidation, or after the loss of a tert-butyl group. On the other hand, the Electron-Beam treatment generated several neoformed from all the molecules studied; in addition an increase of the oligomers was quantified.Methodologies used and the neo-formed molecules identified in this work could provide reference tools for the next studies about the effects of decontamination processes
Sevrin-Jaloustre, Séverine. "Appréciation quantitative des risques pour l'évaluation de mesures de maîtrise sanitaire dans une filière agro-alimentaire. Application à Clostridium perfringens en restauration hospitalière." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00781728.
Full textSahar, Amna. "Développement de méthodes rapides et non-destructives basées sur les spectroscopies de fluorescence et infrarouge couplées à la chimométrie pour la détermination de la qualité et de la sécurité sanitaire de la viande." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARA067.
Full textThere is a growing need to control the quality of meat products throughout the manufacturing process in minimum possible time, which requires replacement of the conventional techniques (long and expensive) with some rapid, sensitive and less expensive techniques. Spectroscopic techniques appear to be reagentless, fst and non destructive techniques. Particularly, fluorescence and mid infrared spectroscopies coupled with chemometrics have been considered as good candidates for rapid analysis of food products, in general, and for meat and meat products, in particular
Danieau, Loïc. "La Démarche qualité dans l'agro-alimentaire." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT012A.
Full textDebure, Antoine. "Crédibiliser pour expertiser : le Codex Alimentarius et les comités d'experts FAO-OMS dans la production réglementaire internationale de sécurité sanitaire des aliments." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0054.
Full textThe scientific expertise, produced for the Codex Alimentarius by international committees of the FAO and the WHO, has a growing central role in the regulation of food production and international trade. It is this role and the questions arising from the relation between science and policy that this research work explores by analyzing the “credibilization processes” of expertise. The theoretical framework articulates Sociology of organizations, Sociology of science as well as central concepts of political sociology. The relationship between science and policy is known to be unstable. The FAO-WHO’s expertise is even more unstable with regard to its participation in the international normalization/standardization which has an enforceable power over national regulation systems. This dissertation demonstrates that the “credibilization processes” in which different actors are involved (experts, institutions, regulators, industries, consumers…) enables to reduce this instability. By engaging in these processes, actors obtain the resources to negotiate their position in the relationship to their advantage, and are able to avoid criticism at the same time. We consider the “credibilization processes” as a set of strategies aiming at strengthening “the subject’s ability to state and to take action”, a notion that exceeds the limits of “authority” and “legitimacy”, other central notions. Processes are grasped by analyzing strategies and behavior of institutions as well as experts in their transnational networks and in the course of FAO-WHO collective expertise. The “credibilization processes” rest upon three interdependent dimensions: a procedural credibilization, a collaborative credibilization and a deliberative credibilization. This research illustrates an expertise that is inseparable from the “credibilization processes”. The credibilization is both the result of interdependencies along the expertise, and a prerequisite for interdependencies to exist in order to produce an expertise. The “credibilization processes” analysis unveils a plural expertise, more specifically in between a “traditional” model and a “precautionary” model. Finally, this dissertation questions the relevance of maintaining science and policy separated; a separation always reasserted by national and international authorities, but remaining however implicitly adjusted in practice
Champagnac, Bertrand. "Critères d'approche de la logique sécuritaire dans les différentes branches de la profession pharmaceutique." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESAA002.
Full textAbdelnour, Abanob. "Développement d'étiquettes RFID UHF pour la traçabilité et le contrôle de qualité des produits alimentaires, Application : production de fromage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT081/document.
Full textIn the food sector, the use of RFID makes it possible to improve the safety of food while ensuring better traceability and better monitoring of products. The work of the thesis was mainly carried out within the framework of a project in cooperation with several academic and industrial partners in the cheese sector where the main objective of the project is to develop UHF RFID tags adapted to the constraints of food products by ensuring a dual function: a traceability function with unitary identification, and then a sensing function of cheese maturation by indirect measurement of its electromagnetic and physicochemical properties.The first step of the project was the characterization of the electromagnetic parameters of food products during ripening in order to achieve an appropriate design of the tag antenna. Knowledge of these properties is essential to meet industrial requirements and to integrate systems in right conditions. Also, a correlation study is carried out between the variation of the dielectric properties and that of the chemical properties during the period of cheese ripening. This study helps to understand the difference between cheese types and allows determining the main parameters to follow during cheese maturation for the design of the sensor tag.The second step was the design of identification tags for the traceability of food products during the manufacturing process. The primary objective is to create a UHF RFID tag with a performance that meets the needs of manufacturers in the cheese sector regarding the size, memory and reading distance while respecting the health standards at the packaging level as well as the substrate used. Several UHF RFID tag configurations were realized and tested in an industrial environment where the results obtained show the effectiveness of using an RFID system to automate the traceability of products in the cheese sector.The third step is the design of sensor tags to track the degree of maturation of products during the ripening period. A first solution, based on the exploitation of the effect of variation of the dielectric properties on the tag reading distance, shows a lack of performance due to the small variations as well as the difficulties of measurement in a real environment. A second solution based on the analysis of gas evolution rate shows the possibility of estimating the degree of cheese maturation. However, the sensor activation power and the high cost represent significant challenges and thus it was difficult to adopt this solution. Finally, two alternative solutions to measure the effect of gas evolution were presented. The idea is based on monitoring other parameters varying due to the increase of gas release during cheese maturation. The first sensor tag configuration traces the variation of product dimension due to maturation using a resistive sensor. On the other hand, the second sensor tag configuration measures the change of pressure inside the product packaging due to gas production. The results obtained show that these two sensor RFID tag configurations can offer simple and practical solutions for controlling the cheese ripening process
Ioannou, Irina. "Mise en oeuvre d'une approche symbolique floue pour la maîtrise de la qualité des produits alimentaires par contrôle du procédé." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21471.
Full textSensory properties influence consumer choice and preference. Their measurement and their control are realized by human operators in order to compensate for an instrumental lack in carrying out these tasks. Thus, a challenge for the control of food quality is the capacity to propose decision support systems to the operator for the process control, which take their assessements into account and which help the operator on the manufacturing line. On 3 industrial cases, we developed a decision support system to the operator by the application of the fuzzy symbolic approach. Then we generalized a method of application of this fuzzy approach on the food processes. The use of human knowledge leads to the use of imperfect data, therefore we are interested in studying the "impact" of the input measurement imperfections on the output of the developed models
Zemmour, Samir. "L' incertitude sur la qualité et les biens ethico-alimentaires : le marché de la viande halal en France." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS022S.
Full textThe thesis analyzes the issues of halal meat certification at various levels of the value chain. It reveals that the process of qualification halal represents a process of qualification of ethical-food goods which are connected with the constitution of Potemkin attributes. In the historical absence of an agreement on a shared definition of halal quality and ritual slaughter, the thesis leads to an against-intuitive result: the limits and the failures of the process of qualification halal are the requirements of its operation. For a low level of acceptability of a compromise of the actors, the transition towards a new mode from coordination of the industrial type is nevertheless possible. Correspondent with a certification of the intention and belief, the creation of an imperfect sign of halal quality would lead to the satisfaction of the need for quality and the request for religious ethics of a young French Muslim population
Vaysse-Dufaure, Julie. "Apport de la résonance magnétique nucléaire pour le contrôle et la qualité de médicaments conventionnels, de phytomédicaments et de compléments alimentaires." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1539/.
Full textThe purpose of this research was the application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in the pharmaceutical field. The studies were focused on three main research axes: The first part dealt with the analysis of counterfeit drugs, adulterated phytopharmaceuticals and adulterated dietary supplements. DOSY (Diffusion Ordered SpectroscopY) 1H NMR was the main analytical technique employed as it gives a comprehensive overview of the formulation Besides structural information, it provides virtual separation of compounds and thus makes easier the identification of adulterants in various formulations. The second part was devoted to the characterization of inclusion complexes of active pharmaceutical ingredients into cyclodextrines by 1H DOSY and ROESY NMR. The last part was about phytopharmaceuticals. The analysis of complex mixtures such as plant extracts is difficult. A metabolomics approach combining 1H NMR and several statistical tools was thus developed for quality control of Magnolia officinalis extracts
Courvalin, Corinne. "Le rôle du contrôleur dans un réseau hybride à mandat public et la gestion du risque." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100018.
Full textThis research, of exploratory nature, aims at understanding the role of the controller and the impact of his decisions, on the level of the risk management, in a hybrid network with public mandate. This role was apprehended starting from the analysis of food crises. Into final, it was proposed an exploratory model of epidemioprevention. The case-study method (six) was used. The bibliography related to control, the rule, and the risk. The results highlighted failures and internal deviances of internal control of the company, not highlighted by official controls. Failures were observed on the level of the external control exerted by the controller on the company. The regulation was observed inequitable, contradictory, derogatory and hypertrophic. The controllers resulting from the same Corps are characterized by a monoculture, a corporatism, and a situation of quasi-monopoly on the food control
Husson, Julien. "Gérer les risques à l'hôpital : de l'inquiétude des acteurs à la méthode." Lyon 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO33027.
Full text: If the hospital has to manage risks all the time, they fall under the strict medical field. Today, doctors must reclaim responsibility and fate is no longer a sufficient explanation of accidents. The risk has emerged in management. Therefore, the hospital is stripped and paralyzed facing the risk. The objective of this thesis is to show that risk management in the hospital cannot be attained with the empirical approach of which it currently raises and that a return to theoretical sources is essential. After the failure relating to the steps of quality in the hospital, we will show that risk management can be perennial if it answers to the situations of the hospital beyond risk. It can be from this point of view, a legitimate lever of change. After having inventoried the various models of risk management, we propose a conceptual model of risk apprehension resting on triptych dysfunction, risk and error, secondly at the end of an experimental phase carried out within a university hospital, a general method of risk management in the hospital
Wu, Nao. "RMN à bas champ pour le contrôle qualité et la détection de fraudes : applications à l'analyse de compléments alimentaires et de e-liquides." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30044.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis was to explore the ability and limitation of benchtop low-field (LF) NMR for quality control and fraud detection in commercial products. The studies focused on three applications. First, LF NMR was used to classify the cinnamon species in cinnamon culinary products and dietary supplements. LF NMR spectra allow the typical signals detection and the LF NMR data combined with chemometric analysis was further explored to classify cinnamon species and predict the content of hepatotoxic coumarin in products. Second, we applied LF NMR to screen batch of slimming dietary supplements, signals of synthetic adulterants can be effectively detected and the application of PLS-DA allowed the rapid discrimination of samples with adulterants. The last research evaluated the efficiency of LF NMR for quality control of smoking e-liquids. Proton NMR was explored to detect typical signals of synthetic cannabinoids (SC). Finally, fluorine-19 NMR, a selective analytical method was developed to identify and further quantify fluorinated SC in e-liquid
Delaporte, Grégoire. "Développement d'une approche non-ciblée par empreinte pour caractériser la qualité sanitaire chimique de matrices agro-alimentaires complexes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA034/document.
Full textEnsuring food safety, especially toward chemical contaminants, is an issue in constant evolution due to multiple sources of contamination (pesticides, mycotoxins, neoformed contaminants, migrants from packaging among others). Currently, several targeted analyses are needed to fully assess the chemical safety of foods, generating high cost. Moreover, despite the number of analyses performed, a contaminant not targeted is not detected. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new methods based on non-targeted approaches able to assess, through analysis of chemical fingerprints, the occurrence of as many contaminants as possible in a food matrix. The main purpose of this work lies in the use of high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and chemometrics in order to develop a method capable of assessing food safety. Tea has been chosen as a development product for its analytical complexity, its broad consumption and its safety issues. A first proof-of-concept of the method has been set up on a reference green tea with a pool of 32 representative food contaminants, chosen for their diversity in terms of sources and chemical structures. More complex situations were further investigated with different types of tea, several brands considered at once and, last but not least, with the application to blind detection of contaminants in complex cases. Free and open-source data analysis tools were used to build a unified data treatment process to analyze data from two LC-HRMS analytical platforms of different technologies (ToF and Orbitrap), which is new for food safety studies. The development of this process also enabled a methodological study of the behavior of several tools used in untargeted approaches for food safety
Wang, Sun-Min. "Comportement rhéologique des pâtes de farine de blé en relation avec le procédé de cuisson-extrusion." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD396.
Full textOuille, Aude. "Evaluation des risques torsadogènes en pharmacologie de sécurité : du test hERG à la télémétrie sur animal éveillé, vers une évolution des recommandations ?" Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4016.
Full textAccording to the ICH S7B guidelines, the torsadogenic risk of new drug candidates must be evaluated before clinical trials. The aim of this work was to establish the electrophysiological profile of known torsadogenic drugs to better understand the mechanism triggering the Torsades de Pointe and defined key points for prediction of proarrhythmic risk. TdPScreen®, a predictive tool, based on clinical data and the model of isolated canine Purkinje fibres allows determination of a proarrhythmic score. Thirteen drugs were chosen in this data base, and tested in patch-clamp on HEK293 cells expressing different channels: hERG (IKR), KvLQT1+MinK (IKS), Kir2.1 (IK1), NaV1.5 (INa), or CaV1.2+? (ICaL). In vivo investigations were also performed, to bring to light the impact of the autonomic nervous system on QT interval prolongation in safety pharmacology
Lamer, Antoine. "Contribution à la prévention des risques liés à l’anesthésie par la valorisation des informations hospitalières au sein d’un entrepôt de données." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S021/document.
Full textIntroduction Hospital Information Systems (HIS) manage and register every day millions of data related to patient care: biological results, vital signs, drugs administrations, care process... These data are stored by operational applications provide remote access and a comprehensive picture of Electronic Health Record. These data may also be used to answer to others purposes as clinical research or public health, particularly when integrated in a data warehouse. Some studies highlighted a statistical link between the compliance of quality indicators related to anesthesia procedure and patient outcome during the hospital stay. In the University Hospital of Lille, the quality indicators, as well as the patient comorbidities during the post-operative period could be assessed with data collected by applications of the HIS. The main objective of the work is to integrate data collected by operational applications in order to realize clinical research studies.Methods First, the data quality of information registered by the operational applications is evaluated with methods … by the literature or developed in this work. Then, data quality problems highlighted by the evaluation are managed during the integration step of the ETL process. New data are computed and aggregated in order to dispose of indicators of quality of care. Finally, two studies bring out the usability of the system.Results Pertinent data from the HIS have been integrated in an anesthesia data warehouse. This system stores data about the hospital stay and interventions (drug administrations, vital signs …) since 2010. Aggregated data have been developed and used in two clinical research studies. The first study highlighted statistical link between the induction and patient outcome. The second study evaluated the compliance of quality indicators of ventilation and the impact on comorbity.Discussion The data warehouse and the cleaning and integration methods developed as part of this work allow performing statistical analysis on more than 200 000 interventions. This system can be implemented with other applications used in the CHRU of Lille but also with Anesthesia Information Management Systems used by other hospitals
Halawany-Darson, Rafia. "Le Traitement de l'information dans le processus de prise de décision du consommateur : le cas de la traçabilité des produits alimentaires." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719609.
Full textWang, Yihong. "Détection des défauts internes et externes des noix en coque : application du traitement d'images et de la reconnaissance de formes au contrôle de qualité." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10098.
Full textLê, Laetitia Minh Mai. "Exploitation des données spectrales dans la sécurisation du circuit des médicaments anticancéreux." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112148/document.
Full textMost of the anticancer drugs are defined by a narrow therapeutic margin; therefore medical errors can have major consequences on patients. Thus, it’s necessary to guarantee the good drug at the good dose by the implementation of a quality control of the preparation before administration. These potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic drugs present a risk for exposed people especially healthcare workers.The aim of this study was to develop tools which can optimize the safety of the cytotoxic medication circuit in hospitals, for the patient as much as for healthcare workers. In order to respond to these problematics, analytical tools have been associated with different methods of data interpretation of chemometric and risk management.To improve healthcare workers’ safety, environmental monitoring looking for traces of platinum compound cytotoxic drugs were performed to identify the most contaminated areas. Based on these contaminations and working conditions, a methodology of multi-criteria risk analysis has been developed to quantify the risk of exposure of healthcare workers. Regarding the risk, various corrective measures were considered. Thus, studies based on the detergent efficiency of decontamination protocols used to clean workplace surfaces and cytotoxic vials were conducted.In parallel, assays were performed on two anticancer molecules to secure cytotoxic preparations before administration: 5-fluorouracile and gemcitabine. Regarding their non-destructive, non-invasive properties and therefore, more secured handling, Raman and near infrared spectroscopy were explored. Spectral data (spectral zones and pretreatments) were optimized by multivariate analyses ComDim to develop models of regression PLS predicting the concentration of the active ingredient in solution. Results showed the feasibility and the complementarity of these two spectroscopies in the quantitative determination of the cytotoxic drugs.These works participate in the continuous approach of quality assurance implemented in numerous health institutions. We hope that they will contribute to durably decrease risks associated to cytotoxic drugs for both patients and healthcare workers
Akaki, David Kofi. "Bouillies infantiles à base de mil fermenté à Ouagadougou : Vers une analyse des risques microbiologiques dans les micro-entreprises traditionnelles de production." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20241.
Full textThe aims of this work were to improve the quality of traditional millet-based fermented gruels for young children consumed in Africa as complementary foods. These gruels must be free from pathogens likely to cause food infections. The evaluation of the bacteriological quality of the products resulting from 10 production units of Ouagadougou town in Burkina Faso, allowed us to isolate and identify 449 bacteria from the samples taken at different steps during gruel manufacture: before the fermentation of the dough, at the end of the fermentation, after cooking of the fermented dough and granule production. Microbial enumerations were carried out on Mac-Conkey, Baird Parker, Mannitol-Yolk-Polymyxin and Trypton Sulfite Cycloserin mediums. All the samples showed the presence in great numbers of various pathogens, because of the bad hygiene of the products and process. For the enterobacteria, the most frequent was Klebsiella pneumo. Ssp pneumonia. For the other Gram negative bacilli, it was Chryoseomonas luteola. For the staphylococci, it was Staphylococcus xylosus. For sporulating Gram positive bacteria, we are identified Bacillus cereus and Clostridium beijerinckii/butyricum. With regard to food infections, the following species were isolated and identified: Bacillus cereus (19 species), Enterobacter sakazakii (03), Klebsiella pneumo. Spp pneumonia (16), Escherichia coli (04) and Staphylococcus aureus (02). Globally, we observed a major reduction in population levels after fermentation, but the bacilli able to sporulate were maintained in the products after this important step of the process. Cooking involved a drastic reduction in the majority of pathogens except the bacilli able to sporulate. Challenge-tests carried out with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterobacter sakazakii CIP 103183T, Bacillus cereus ATCC 9139 from a collection or Escherichia coli AMC2-1, Enterobacter sakazakii AMC8-3 and Bacillus cereus BMYP7-3 isolated from the production units, allowed the evaluation of the risk of their development and that with different steps of the process. Lactic fermentation and especially cooking were effective at reducing the populations of enterobacteria tested. For Bacillus cereus, it does not constitute an effective barrier against the maintenance of the spores. This reveals that for the various pathogens used, control of the process of fermentation during the decantation of the dough, control of cooking through time/temperature, cross contaminations related on the quality of the utensils and general cleanliness have to be controlled to obtain a “healthy” gruel. The cross contamination of the cooked gruel remains a danger. The addition of nisin in the gruel is without effect on the enterobacteria tested, whereas this addition makes it possible to reduce effectively the populations of Bacillus cereus. This heat-resistant molecule could be added at the end of the fermentation step and before cooking to combine the two effects: thermal destruction by cooking and inhibition by nisin
Gasnier, Camille. "Gouverner le social par les normes transnationales ? Audit, gestion des risques et conditions de travail en entreprise." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH029.
Full textThis dissertation aims at understanding how transnational social standards – ISO standards - give rise to a new form of government of working conditions. ISO standards are management tools, as they advise organisations on performance improvement. They also play a part in performing a global market economy, as certifications on ISO standards may be required to access markets. Historically, standardization focused on technical specifications on products. Although for a long time intergovernmental and governmental organisations refused social standardization, claiming ISO was not the relevant organization for that purpose, several international social standards are currently under development. This dissertation studies the issues at stake in social standardization. Our ethnographic inquiry is based on observations, interviews and surveys, conducted with companies using social standards, with certifying bodies and with standardization bodies. It analyzes the genesis of audit society on occupational safety and health, and underlines how standardization merges occupational safety and health in risk management systems. It contributes to make organizations accountable : they are turned “upside down”, with internal control systems devoted to external control. Audit plays a central part in the institutionnalization of a market based regulation of organizations on occupational safety and health
Riesco, Éléonor. "Effet de l'activité physique seule ou combinée à une diète sur le profil cardiométabolique et la qualité de vie chez la femme." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21210.
Full textDhuyvetter, William. "Dynamique du contrôle dans un projet de déploiement de pratiques : Un cas de pratiques environnementales et de maitrise des risques dans un réseau d'agences." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22015.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to describe and understand how the transfer of the Good Practices among the different agencies spread out in the territory is controlled. This research emerges from a problem observed in practice : based on a set of environmental and risk-management practices which were said to be « ideal » and which had proved to be efficient, the members of the Piloting Committee transform these practices throughout their project meetings so that they may be implemented. Those practices however, go beyond statutory requirements, and often turn out to be innovations for companies. Those innovations engage the Piloting Committee in a true conception process. The project aims at making the users/operators autonomous. They are to be able to apprehend the situation and adapt their response, all the while complying with the fundamental ideal of the Practice. Our working hypothesis is that the action of the Piloting Committee is driven by logic of control. In this work, we are seeking to characterize the way the Piloting Committee of this project controls the way in which the Good Practices are implemented and to report their dynamics. To investigate these research questions, a qualitative study was designed and conducted. We use grounded theory methodology. This intervention-research led in a subsidiary company. To characterize the control process, we chose to avoid the usual categories of mechanical control of the theory (Ouchi, 1979; Simons, 2004). Instead, we chose to explain how the collective actor Piloting Committee, by setting up information and training campaigns for all the Piloting Committee members and at the actors involved in the conception process, sought to ensure that each and every one was indeed acting consistently and in compliance with the targets set by the General Management. We are procceeding to the operationalization of the replication of Winter and Szulanski model (2001). Our results show Midler’s work (1993)
Dalmet, Christophe. "La notion de denrées alimentaires." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00629627.
Full textViolle, Pierre. "Caractérisation immunochimique des albumines Mb0. 28 et Mb0. 19 de blé tendre (Triticum aestivum) : application à la détection du blé tendre dans les pâtes alimentaires à base de blé dur (Triticum durum) séchées à haute température." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20091.
Full textReitz, Alexandre. "Analyse transverse de risques en radiothérapie : modélisation et évaluation des barrières et des facteurs techniques, humains et organisationnels à l’aide de Réseaux bayésiens." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0242/document.
Full textRadiotherapy is an uncontested resource in the arsenal of cancer treatment. This technique implies risks for both patients and radiotherapy professionals, which requires it to be carried out in a controlled and monitored environment. However, because of the multiplicity of actors, the complexity of the healthcare organization set up around the patient and the complexity of medical devices, in recent years some incidents and accidents in treatment process appeared, with sometimes tragic consequences. To reduce or eliminate these events, it is essential to address the problem of radiation therapy in terms of risk analysis of socio-technical systems, by including technical / human / organizational complexity in a "transverse" view. The main contribution of this work consists in an approach based on models that assess a priori, for a given radiotherapy process, an indicator of the security provided to patients during their radiotherapy treatment
Schmitt, Nathalie. "Caractérisation biochimique, immunologique et moléculaire de l'hordéine D, protéine de réserve de l'orge." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10085.
Full textCaunday, Olivia. "Evaluation de la qualité des soins : approche par indicateur dans les centres européens de greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques accrédités JACIE." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0016/document.
Full textJACIE relies on transplant programs voluntarily applying for accreditation: it is important to understand that programs, rather than centres, apply meaning that all three infrastructures and teams (cell collection, cell processing and patient care unit) jointly engage in the accreditation process. The purpose of JACIE standards is to ensure a minimal level of quality, and harmonize laboratory and clinical practices in the field of onco-hematology. Implementation and follow-up of indicators do not necessarily reflect on quality and safety of patient care. The first aim of this study is to identify indicators set in place by the programs and to assess how their measure could be translated in qualitative benefit or quantitative benefit for the patient or the hospital. A survey was launched to 82 programs that were holding a valid accreditation, starting with French centres, and then extending to accredited programs in other European countries. Quality indicator is a tool for assessing healthcare delivery and indicator approach is commonly employed for risk management in healthcare systems. Thus, the second aim of this study is to understand whether a method was used to implement efficiently the indicators and to evaluate if all the HSCT processes are monitored
Hébert, Guillaume. "Développement d'un outil d'évaluation et de suivi de l’iatrogénie médicamenteuse en cancérologie : "Trigger Tool" Evaluating iatrogenic prescribing: Development of an oncology-focused trigger tool Development of a 'ready-to-use' tool that includes preventability, for the assessment of adverse drug events in oncology." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS430.
Full textCancer and its therapies are strong sources of adverse events (AEs) including those drugs related (ADE). Their causes are multiple, including co-morbidities, drug toxicity, polypharmacy, also human and organizational factors. In oncology, 3 phenomena are superimposed: a large number of drugs are at risk (narrow therapeutic index, risky administration), drug innovation is technical and frequent, and therapeutic protocols are complex. There is little data in the world and none in France about oncology iatrogenia. Many analysis methods of ADE exist but none fulfills the objective of continuous monitoring. The Trigger Tool seems to be the best candidate to develop a specific tool for these risks and the overall population. The aim of this thesis is to develop a Trigger Tool variant of evaluation and follow-up of the iatrogenic effects of medication in oncology
Scutella, Bernadette. "La lyophilisation des vaccins : contribution de la modélisation mathématique à l'évaluation de l'hétérogénéité desproduits et des risques de changement d'échelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA034/document.
Full textFreeze-drying is the process of choice in pharmaceutical industry for the stabilization of heat sensitive products such as vaccines. However, due the product pre-conditioning in individual vials, this process is difficult to design and often results in batches presenting a significant heterogeneity in the quality of the final product. The main goal of this Ph.D. project was the development of a mathematical model making it possible to predict the risk of failure when designing the freeze-drying process, i.e., the percentage of "rejected vials". To this end, the work focused on the understanding and quantification of the sources responsible for heat and mass transfer variability during the process. Firstly, the vial-to-vial heat transfer variability was investigated by taking the vial bottom dimensions and the vial position on the shelf of equipment into account. The variability of geometrical dimensions observed within a batch of vials (i.e., contact area between the shelf and the vial and the mean bottom curvature depth) moderately influenced the heat transfer coefficient distribution among vials (by less than 10 %). Secondly, a original 3D mathematical model was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics to explain and predict atypical heat transfer observed in vials located at the border of the shelf during the freeze-drying process. Conduction through low-pressure water vapour appeared as the dominant mechanism explaining the additional heat transfer to border vials rather than as reported in literature radiation from the walls of the drying chamber. Furthermore, this 3D mathematical model was used to investigate the effect of the vial loading configuration and of the equipment characteristics on heat transfer variability. In a second part, mass transfer variability was quantified on a 5% sucrose solution and by focusing on two parameters, the resistance of the dried layer to mass transfer during sublimation and the characteristic desorption time. The dried layer resistance was assessed by combining complementary approaches, the pressure rise test and gravimetric methods. The estimated variability of the dried layer resistance was found to have a higher impact on the product temperature distribution than the heat transfer coefficient variability. The value and variability of characteristic desorption time was evaluated for different temperatures and made it possible to simulate moisture content heterogeneity between vials in the batch. In the last part of the work, the main quantified sources of heat and mass transfer variability were integrated in a mathematical model of freeze-drying process. This multi-vial, dynamic model was used not only to predict the evolution of product temperature and moisture content during freeze-drying for a batch of 100 vials, but also to estimate the percentage of vials that could potentially be rejected. The proposed approach, extended to a greater number of simulated vials, could be applied to calculate design spaces of the primary and secondary drying steps of freezedrying process at a known risk of failure
Vial, Céline. "Contribution à la mise au point de tranches de kiwi de 4ème gamme : études biochimiques et microbiologiques." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20012.
Full textHamza, Oualid. "Sécurité sanitaire des aliments, commerce et développement : approche par l'Economie Industrielle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020073/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the current context of the international regulation of food safety. It stands at the crossroads of international trade theory, industrial economics and development economics and it comes to evaluate the conditions for an effective and fair multilateral co-regulation of food safety. Such a co-regulation should ensure consumers’ health in developed countries faced to imports from developing countries, the access of developing countries to Northern markets and consumers’ health in developing countries through the improvement of production and commercialization practices in domestic supply chains. In the first part of the thesis, we analyze the conditions for a North-South co-governance of health risk, which would be beneficial to both the health of consumers in the North and producers’ incomes in the South. Considering the context of domestic markets in developing countries, the second part of the thesis determines the conditions for which food security, in a quantitative sense, is not incompatible with food safety. In the last part of the thesis, we analyze public interventions that allow South domestic markets to benefit from progresses achieved in the export sectors. From a methodological point of view, the thesis is based on the conceptual framework of the Theory of Industrial Organization. The theoretical models that we propose serve as a support for empirical works and stylized facts that we review in detail
Précigout, Frédéric. "Les formes de peurs émergeant dans l'alimentation des sociétés occidentales contemporaines : analyse, déconstruction et reconstruction de discours et pratiques des acteurs de la filière du manger." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR2005/document.
Full textWhile today the sanitary security of food is largely secured, we examine the reasons why food fears occupy such an important place in discourses by ordinary eaters, food industry professionals as well as experts. We attempt here to analyze such fear-related discourses so as to determine grounds and justifications. We defend the hypothesis that such fears should be considered as social metaphors - food revealing the expression and crystallisation of the diverse protagonists’ identity crisis.In a comprehensive perspective, we reconstruct life stories focusing on food fears then we confront them; finally we articulate them with the social and historical context they are stemming from. By deconstructing discourses, we reconstruct the intrinsic logic of such fears
Jaud, Mélise. "Food standards, finance and trade : five essays in international trade." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0007.
Full textThe dissertation consists of five chapters and can be divided into two parts. Part I, corresponding to chapters 1 to 4, focuses on the interplay between sanitary and phytosanitary measures and agricultural trade. Chapter 1 examines the link between the rising risk of food products and recent changes in the EU import pattern. It provides evidence that while there is a slight diversification of import sources over time, the overall trend hides diversification at the extensive margin and concentration at the intensive margin; the more so for risky products. Chapter 2 develops a model of reputation-based transactions between a buyer and a supplier in two countries. A stricter standard affects the volume of trade in two ways, directly it affects the supply of quality goods and indirectly through reputation. Chapter 3 documents the role of access to finance in determining the survival of "risky" agri-food exports for African firms. The increased availability of finance helps disproportionately more exports of products that require financing to comply with SPS requirements. Chapter 4 assesses the effectiveness of a product specific SPS-related program in promoting Senegalese firms' exports of fresh fruits and vegetables. Using a rich dataset and a wide array of approaches we find no significant impact of the program. Part II, corresponding to chapter 5, shifts focus away from the agri-food to the manufacturing sector and investigates the disciplining and allocative role of financial systems on export survival. It provides evidence that external debtholders push exporting sectors towards the use of countries' abundant factors, in compliance with the idea of comparative advantage
Merai, Mouna. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation des transferts thermique/hydrique et de la croissance microbienne au cours du transport frigorifique de carcasses de porc." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0014/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to develop an approach allowing to predict the evolution of the microbial load on the surface of pork carcasses during a refrigerated transport according to the operating conditions (temperature and humidity of the blowing air) and initial conditions (temperature profile at the outlet of the slaughterhouse cold room). Since microbial growth depends mainly on temperature and water activity, it is necessary to study heat and mass transfer the transfer within and around the carcasses. These phenomena depend on the circulation of air in the refrigerated vehicle loaded with hundreds of half-carcasses which makes the geometry particularly complex.Thus, this work involves various disciplines: fluid mechanics, heat transfer and predictive microbiology. The coupling of these three disciplines makes it possible to provide scientific answers as to the sanitary quality of the pork carcasses.By conducting experiments on a semitrailer loaded with pork carcasses on a reduced scale, the air flows could be characterized by 2D Doppler laser velocimetry in two air distribution configurations (with and without air ducts). In addition, local convective heat transfer coefficients could be estimated at the surface of different parts of pork carcasses and at different positions in the reduced-scale trailer. A simplified model of the airflow has been established, that makes it possible to identify the "risk zones" in the loaded semi-trailer (low air circulation and low convective transfer coefficients).Based on the results of the experimental laboratory scale study and those collected during actual refrigerated transport, the variability of the parameters characterizing the air circulating around the carcasses could be estimated. This information served as boundary conditions for a model of heat and mass (water) transfer within the most sensitive part at the microbiological level: the ham. This 3D model, solved by the finite element method, makes it possible to predict the evolution of the temperature, the water content and the microbial load (Pseudomonas) on the surface of the lean part of the ham for different scenarios. The results showed that if the transport begins while the heart of the carcasses is still warm (15°C instead of 7°C according to current regulation) the growth of microorganisms on the surface of pork carcasses is generally not more between slaughter and arrival at the cutting site.Finally, a field study validated the data obtained at the laboratory scale and carried out an energy study. It appears that whatever the percentage of warm carcasses in the semi-trailer, the cooling capacity of the cooling system is generally sufficient to evacuate the heat of the carcasses.This study has made it possible to develop a method that characterizes airflow and heat transfer methods in a particularly complex geometry. It showed the interest of coupling transfer models and predictive microbiology models. Experiments at the laboratory scale were built by reproducing the real conditions as closely as possible thanks to the support of specialists in the meat sector. Thus the model carcasses were made in molds obtained by 3D printing from X-Ray scanners of real carcasses. The results of this study are directly usable by the profession and the public authorities for the adaptation of the refrigerated transport regulations. The approach developed may be adapted for similar problems in very congested ventilated enclosures
Touffet, Maxime. "Transferts et réactivité de l’huile au cours du procédé de friture." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA019/document.
Full textBatch deep-frying has been investigated within the collaborative project FUI Fry’In (ref. AAP17, 2014-2018) with the aim of proposing breakthrough innovations for small and medium size appliances. The PhD thesis was part of the project and focused on two specific adverse effects of deep-frying on food products: oil thermo-oxidation responsible for break-down products and off-flavors, and oil pickup process usually favored relatively to oil dripping. The work was carried out by combing direct measurements (FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and imaging, photoionization, DSC measurements, fast imaging…) and multiscale modeling (oil flow and oil dripping during product re-moval, Lagrangian description of reactions in aniso-thermal flows, coupling with oxygen dissolution kinetics). The complex problem of thermo-oxidation was split into simpler mechanisms by noticing that hydroperoxides are a kind of long-lived form of or-ganic oxygen, which trigger propagation in deep re-gions under anoxia. Their decomposition lead to various scission products, which were shown to be in-fluenced by both local temperature and oxygen con-centration. Oil uptake was described as the net balance between the amount of dragged oil during product removal and oil dripping at the tips of the product. The dripping process studied on both metal-lic sticks and real products occurs in less than few seconds and leads to a formation of four to eight drop-lets. The detailed drainage kinetics in anisothermal conditions were captured and predicted with the pro-posed mechanistic models. The specific mechanism of oil uptake during the immersion stage was eluci-dated and was shown to occur only in parfried frozen products