Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Risque comportemental'
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Rafrafi, Meriem. "Une approche harmonisée pour l'évaluation de la sécurité des systèmes ferroviaires : de la décomposition fonctionnelle au modèle comportemental." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586085.
Full textHonoré, Lionel. "Eléments pour une théorie de la discipline organisationnelle : réflexion à partir de l'étude de la prise en compte du risque comportemental dans les banques." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10058.
Full textGlorieux, Gérard. "L'instabilité sociale et la prise de risques dans le jeu de hasard, les droites parallèles d'un labyrinthe comportemental." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210047.
Full textNous croyons que les prises de risques dans les activités ludiques ne sont pas plus déviantes, répréhensibles ou particulières que celles d’un simple quotidien mais qu’elles sont simplement situées dans un environnement différent. Au terme de notre travail théorique, nous pouvons dire qu’en ce qui concerne la prise de risques, que l’expérience favorise l’acuité d’évaluation du gradient risque. D’autre part, certains individus sont plus prédisposés à prendre d’initiative des risques, alors que d’autres restent soit timorés ou y sont mêmes averses. Cette recherche de sensations stimulantes que certains aiment trouver d’une part, et la réserve des autres ne constituent pas une dichotomie en classes significatives qui permettraient de dresser un profil type du preneur, et non preneur, de risques. Chacun réagit en fonction de son anamnèse particulière, de son état émotionnel du moment, et de ses limitations cognitives d’analyse de la situation.
Par ailleurs, l’illusion de contrôle de la situation accentue la prise de risques. Une idée générale veut que chacun croit faire de meilleurs choix dans ses risques préférentiels, que le voisin. Cette position est erronée, les choix personnels de tout un chacun n’étant pas meilleurs que ceux du prochain mais ils correspondent mieux à celui qui les a posés. La prise de risques est un changement de mode opératoire de nos comportements obligataires. En l’exerçant, nous tentons de surpasser ce que nous croyons être les limites de l’instant ;dépassement de soi illusoire qui fait immédiatement découvrir de nouvelles frontières restrictives de notre potens.
Par ailleurs, tout comme nous avons énoncé qu’il y avait deux formes de jeux de hasard (égocentré et altruiste), il y a deux approches à considérer dans la prise de risques. Les prises de risques, tant sociale que ludique, qui relèvent des prises de risques en tant que jeu d’affirmation et de recherche des limites personnelles, et celles spécifiques aux jeux de hasard qui outre le justificatif précédent, considèrent de plus, le but de la prise de risques ludiques comme le véhicule d’un chemin substitutif aux revenus du labeur. Il y a aussi deux formes d’instabilité :l’instabilité sociale qui confine les individus dans une situation d’état communautaire non associatif et précaire, et l’instabilité émotionnelle qui réduit le ressenti personnel au sentiment d’injustice. Quelle que soit la cause de l’état d’instabilité, qu’elle soit imputable aux manquements de l’individu, ou le résultat du hasard, cet état ressemble souvent à un labyrinthe du désespoir dont l’accès à la sortie impose une énergie et des opportunités qui sont rarement à portée des candidats à un renouveau. Repartir exige de parcourir successivement deux chemins :celui du retour à l’état initial d’équilibre puis celui du nouveau départ vers des objectifs futurs.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Chesterman, Adam. "Des prescriptions aux comportements de protection du risque sismique en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur : développement d'un paradigme substitutif." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3071.
Full textThe goal of this research, conducted in the PACA region, was to understand how to lead individuals to adopt earthquake protection behaviour. To this end, we explored the behavioural effects of self-other substitution, and observed actual protection behaviours in a field study. By interpreting self-other substitution in terms of social comparison, the paradigm relies on a distinction between the uncontrollability of an earthquake and the controllability of its consequences. After having activated a central or peripheral element of the social representation of earthquakes, participants are required to evaluate the probability of an earthquake’s effects in a substitutive context, and then the probability of an earthquake in a standard context. Comparative optimism leads participants to declare that the effects of an earthquake are more probable in a substitutive rather than standard context. Furthermore, a cognitive consistency principle seems to lead participants to declare that an earthquake is more likely after having evaluated the probability of its effects in a substitutive rather than standard context. Protection behaviours were measured using the French version of the Earthquake Readiness Scale. Self-declared protection behaviours were more favourable after a substitutive rather than standard answer. However, the effects on actual behaviours are mixed
Plot, Emmanuel. "Quelle organisation pour la maîtrise des risques industriels majeurs ? : mécanismes cognitifs et comportements humains /." Paris ; Budapest ; Kinshasa [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40981867d.
Full textBibliogr. p. 225-235.
Maichanou, Ahamadou. "Comportement face au risque et risque de comportement : analyse et implications au Niger." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0311/document.
Full textIt is recognized in economic theory that the existence of significant risks can cause serious disruption to the well-being of households and to the State budget’s balance, because the risks do not often value for money. Assuming that the risk is a hazard and vulnerability occurs, we find that the hazard is often seen in Niger as the only "guilty" of these disturbances, while the agents' behavior towards risk can be a factor. On this observation, this thesis proposes to analyze these behaviors and their implications in the economic decisions of households. The main results first show a rather relative risk aversion, which can be explained by two main approaches: a fatalistic perception of natural and man-made hazards on the one hand, and adaptive rationality in terms of the importance of these risks and the vulnerability of households, on the other. This notion of aversion was then used to provide a link to the analysis of risk behavior associated with information asymmetry. It is clear from this analysis, to natural hazards which individuals appear powerless; they are developing opportunistic behavior at the expense of credit agreements mutually beneficial, by abuse of informational rent. We believe that in this case, the incentive constraint must be taken seriously. The simultaneity of climate risk and high information asymmetry rural index suggests that the agricultural insurance should be progressively considered
Etienne, Julien. "L'impact de l'action publique sur les comportements privés : une approche de goal framing theory." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0051.
Full textLohéac, Youenn. "Analyses microéconomiques des comportements à risque." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010024.
Full textN'Gottet, Olivier. "Risque-pays et comportements allocatifs des banques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX24014.
Full textThe country risk is a macro-economic one because the repayment of the loan depends not only on the availability in currencies of the borrowing country, but also on the willingness of the government of the country to follow economical policies to repay the loan. The government of the borrowing country is the only one to have a correct perception on the risks and may manipulate informations, which may increase the risks. The analysis of the methods to evaluate the country risk is placed in the context of asymmetric information for banks. The audit method we' propose, allows not only to evaluate the country risk, but also to verify and to control the information credibility. This method is an incitative mechanism of acquisition and treatment of information based an proximity. The country risk is considered as a whole, to understand how the economy works, the economical and, political prospects, on going or to be pollowed. It allows to evaluate and to prepare a global plan to anticipate risks zones and main axes of intervention. We illustrate the validation of the audit method with the example of Morocco
Loulid, Hanane. "Analyse comportementale du risque de crédit : cas du Crédit Immobilier Général." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST3014.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the assessment of credit risk with a behavioral approach in a context of asymmetric information and bounded rationality. We seek through this analysis, to reconcile the "business experts" and statisticians, incorporating human behavior into the design of tools for quantitative assessment of credit risk in order to optimize the management of this risk.The assessment of credit risk is based on models and statistical techniques more advanced. We cite as examples of models JP Morgan Credit Metrics, model and KMV's Portfolio Credit Model Mekinsey or scoring models introduced to assess the quality of the risk of borrowers. Several studies underline the importance of these quantitative models. Indeed, Scot FRAME and AL showed that the use of scoring models is effective in reducing the cost of information in large U.S. banks. The results of these models depend on the realization of the risk factors specific to each borrower and systemic risk factors. However, the current financial crisis has highlighted the failure of these models, both theoretical models that rating business models used by practitioners in assessing credit risk. All these constructions have not been able to integrate fully all the information and treat the complexity of interactions between variables determining the risk because they are based on purely statisti cal techniques who can represent the linear relationships between risk default and the variables that are at the origin without taking into account the behavior of credit risk manager, in optimizing its management.Given the limitations of the quantitative approach, we have converged on a behavioural approach that combines statistical techniques and human behaviour based on consideration and validation of collective decision rules emerging from the discussions and confrontations. This behavioural approach that takes into account the rationality of decision makers through an expert model we will firstly build a normative framework for analysis to identify and assess credit risk and also integrate these rules systems in operational decisions.Our research has a substantial multiple. It sheds light on the theoretical optimization of the decision of the banks in a context of uncertainty through a model bearing both on the quantitative assessment models of credit risk and human behavior. The assessment of credit risk through our approach will also determine the amount of capital necessary to cover credit risk. Thus, it will allow banks to establish an optimal allocation of capital and adequate pricing of loans based on an accurate assessment of credit risk. This brings great interest to banks and customers too
Muraro-Cochart, Magali. "Le vécu de crise et le comportement du consommateur consécutif à la révélation de risques de santé : application à la consommation alimentaire." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIME001.
Full textThe objective of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of consumer behavior following health food risks revelations. In this regard, we introduce a new concept in marketing : the experienced crisis, defined as " the subjective experience of the consumer who faces a schema and consumption experience rupture generated by a revealed health food risk and characterized by a loss of control and a loss of trust ". A critical reading of researches on perceived risk and empirical studies results (a qualitative one and two quantitative) led us to emphasize and show the mediation role of the experienced crisis between health food risk perception and changes in consumer behavior
Heitz, Carine. "La perception du risque de coulées boueuses : analyse sociogéographique et apports à l’économie comportementale." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/HEITZ_Carine_2009.pdf.
Full textAlsace is one of the French regions the most affected by muddy floods. The urban occupation, physical and agricultural characteristics promote their formation (loamy soils, large crops areas). Our reflection contributes to answer to the contribution of taking into account levels of risk perception by stakeholders to determine / modify their behaviour, and to improve policies to reduce risk by insisting on the expectations of population. Eleven Alsatian municipalities were chosen to be surveyed about the perception and representation of the risk of muddy floods. The method developed four objectives: (i) allowing a detailed analysis of the behavior of population concerned by this risk, (ii) provide data for improving economic behaviors’ models, (iii) taking into account degrees of risk perception to improve the definition of preventive campaigns, (iv) creating a comparative mapping of variations in risk perception and “real” risk situations. " Our results show that the risk perception varies depending on the concerned population, its involvement in the risk management and the level of damage incurred. The economic approach insist of the use of important factors (experience, threat of the risk, etc. ) in modelling of individuals’ behaviors facing natural hazards
ATTIAS, MICHEL. "Facteurs environnementaux et comportementaux de l'hypertension arterielle." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20439.
Full textEtner, Johanna. "L'épargne de précaution : un élément d'analyse des comportements et des ajustements économiques." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010051.
Full textVanriet-Margueron, Julie. "Le risque-retraite : une étude des comportements de prévoyance des ménages." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090069.
Full textAndrieu, Guillaume. "Comportements stratégiques et diversité des acteurs dans l'industrie du capital-risque." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10039.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study in which measure the structure of property of the venture capital firms has an influence on the offer and the quality of the financing of the holders of innovative projects. In particular, I examine the relative merits of the financing by independent firms of venture capital or by firms affiliated to a banking network. The affiliated firms take optimal continuation decisions concerning their financed projects. This is not the case with independent firms, but the latter bring better support to the entrepreneur, that is crucial for the success of innovative firms. These results add a new explanation into the debate about the international differences concerning the dynamism of the venture capital industry. The empirical tests partially validate the results of the theoretical model. In the first chapter, the literature concerning the structure of venture capital firms is analyzed. In the second chapter, we study a theoretical model allowing to compare the benefits of independent and affiliated venture capital firms for an entrepreneur endowed with a innovating project. The third chapter deepens this analysis by introducing the possibility to give the continuation decision power to the entrepreneur. In the fourth chapter, the model is applied to firms willing to disengage in an anticipated way in order to benefit from other opportunities
Mayer, Julie. "DE L’ATTENTION AU RISQUE : une perspective attentionnelle de la construction sociale du risque par les organisations." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED059.
Full textThis study addresses organizations’ ability to manage their attention to risks, in an increasingly complex and uncertain environment. Risks, regardless their nature, can be ambiguous or even unthinkable: thus, delimiting where, when and how to allocate attention remains a challenge. Through their structures, organizations attempt to manage this attention as a scarce resource: to which extent can organizations manage their attention to risks? We answer this question by mobilizing theories that consider risk as an object socially constructed by organizations. We mobilize the Attention-Based View to explore the ambiguous role of attention (i.e. the allocation of time and efforts to environment’s objects) in risk construction.This study relies on the analysis of practices in twelve organizations from various sectors, through sixty interviews with risk managers, top managers and middle managers. We describe risk construction as an “art of photographing”, through the succession of attentional mechanisms. We show that as an “object”, risk is a way to express the artificial reconstitution of a reality, but also organizations’ intention or capacity to act toward their environment. As a “structure”, risk reflects a particular way of thinking and organizing, which drives organizational attention in daily practices. Finally, we highlight risk’s “unexpected” effects on attention: paradoxically, risk can both amplify and neutralize attention. Those results invite to consider risk management, theoretically as in practice, as an art of composing with the necessary subjectivity of actors
Chautru, Lionel. "Le management des risques : une question socio-cognitive. Une recherche finalisée à destination des "risk-managers". A partir d'une action de gestion des risques à la SNCF." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10010.
Full textThe question of professional risks in a company was and has always been at the core of the history of work. Nowadays, the accelerated evolution of companies has given this question a dimension that goes over that of management. Risks are at the heart of our modes of functioning, our modes of management, whether they are linked to the world of work, as the object of this paper is, or whether they are financial issues, geopolitical ones, of public health… In a context of moving and adapting organizations, the existing resources to manage risks, such as the a priori analysis of professional risks, must become thoroughly familiar with the implicit knowledge, and not run after the illusion of a frozen and rooted world, “entirely” guaranteeing its safety. Risk-managers are therefore faced with their own acquisition – from experience – of the systems and modalities to be carried out in order to encourage the development and transfer of the necessary skills towards the associates of the company. The modalities to implement these systems must be adapted to the modes of learning and acquisition of these types of skills, while also taking into account the permanent renewal of knowledge. This research, which has been carried out within the SNCF i. E. The French National Railway Society, claims to be a thought about a crucial issue which is often dealt with superficially, from a unique angle of attack – the technical-prescriptive one. Given the limits of that approach, we have chosen to deal with this question from a socio-cognitive point of view. The subject is therefore presented in a new light – reconsidering the transfer of skills more in terms of joint effort and participation in the action than in terms of organized transmission. A question yet remains open in our closing part – what must the contribution of the Human Resources Department be in such a context ?
Thomasset, Laure. "La neuroéthique saisie par le droit : contribution à l'élaboration d'un droit des neurotechnologies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2021. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247226603.
Full textBorn in the 2000s with the aim of addressing a growing ethical concern over the neuroscientist advances, neuroethics shall be understood as an ethical reflection related to neurosciences. Seized by law since the law on bioethics dated July, 7th 2011, it was embedded in the legal sphere by means of a special regime, namely neurotechnology law. Since the latter undeniably fails within bioethics law, the health risk arising from these technologies was self-evidently considered. After scrutiny though, the rationale behind creating rules peculiar to neuroscientist technologies mainly lies in the presence of a different risk : the behavioural risk. Surprisingly, such risk was given cursory consideration only in its various aspects by the legislature. Based on this observation, the purpose of this thesis is to make a contribution to the development of the aforementioned special regime, by seeking to integrate further the behavioural risk issues without detriment to the consideration already given to the health risk. Towards that end, measures are proposed for each family of neurotechnologics. As regards cerebral imaging technologies, this includes restricting their permissible purposes as well as correcting the conditions for prior consent. With respect, to neuromodulation technologies, it is a question, of limiting their purpose for use and to overhaul the liability rules
Barbier, Estelle. "Exposition précoce à l'alcool : facteur de risque dans l'addiction ? : Etude comportementale et moléculaire." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIED011.
Full textSeveral clinical studies have shown that early alcohol exposure is a risk factor for the development of drug dependence. Our research focused on the long-term effects of pre- and postnatal alcohol exposure on both brain function and drugs of abuse response in adulthood. This work has been done using two rat strains to take into account for the genetic influence: Sprague Dawley (SD) and Long Evans (LE) rats. The main result of this study indicated that adult offspring exposed to early ethanol displayed an increase in consumption and preference to both ethanol and morphine solutions, in sensitivity to the rewarding effects of cocaine in SD rats and of ethanol in LE rats. Indeed, this study has shown some differential alterations induced by early alcohol exposure between SD and LE rats that may be due to interindividual differences between these two strains. The sensitization to psychostimulants was facilitated after early ethanol exposure in both strains. In addition, early ethanol exposure induced an increase in the anxiolytic effects of ethanol and the HPA axis response to ethanol that may be implicated in the increase in ethanol preference induced by early life ethanol exposure. In parallel, gene expression analysis revealed that expression of a large number of genes was altered in brain regions involved in reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. Dopaminergic receptors and transporter binding sites were also down-regulated in the striatum of ethanolexposed offspring. Such long-term neurochemical alterations in transmitter systems and in the behavioral responses to drugs of abuse may confer an increase in vulnerability to addiction
Spaeter-Loehrer, Sandrine. "Le role de la fonction de couts de l'assureur et du comportement de prudence de l'assure : une etude theorique des contrats d'assurance optimaux." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1EC04.
Full textIn this work, we study the link existing between the design of the administrative costs borne by the insurer and the optimal insurance contracts. In order to deal with this subject, we propose a new methodology based on some adapted topological characterizations. This allows us to unify and to generalize the existing results in a unique framework which holds for any continuous cost function (constant, linear, convex, concave,. . . ). Further, by taking into account the prudence concept, we state more precisely the design of the optimal indemnity functions and we stress the following results. A risk-averse insured always prefers a strictly positive deductible when costs are increasing with indemnities. The design of insurance for damages higher than this deductible is essentially characterized by the sense of variation of the marginal cost : if costs are convex (respectively concave), the solution displays a straight deductible with coinsurance above (respectively a disappearing deductible). Moreover, when costs are non-linear (convex or concave), the insured still bears a risk after insurance, since his net loss remains random. Thus he manages this latter in a different manner, depending on whether he is prudent or not prudent (kimball 1990). Finally, optimal contracts are rarely piecewise linear because the sign of the third derivative of the utility function has an influence on the evolution of the marginal indemnities. In the last model, we introduce a background risk in the economy. In such an environment, the prudence has also an impact on the slope of the indemnity function, contrary to the one-risk cases
Heitz, Carine. "La perception du risque de coulées boueuses : analyse sociogéographique et apports à l'économie comportementale." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486960.
Full textBlouin, Mélissa. "Gain pondéral et antipsychotiques de seconde génération : comportements alimentaires et risque cardiovasculaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25285/25285.pdf.
Full textOliverio, Albertina. "La rationalité des comportements à risque : choix de prévention et VIH / Sida." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040104.
Full textIndividual risk-taking decisions' rationality is analyzed by looking at the case of HIV/AIDS preventive choices. The main reference in the literature is the 'Health Belief Model' (HBM) based on the assumption of an individual rationality coinciding with zero-risk exposure. 'Rational Choice Model' (RCM) assuming that rational behavior coincides with utility maximization, is used to show HBM limits. It is argued that risky choices may be 'compatible' with an economic rationality notion. A large literature has emphasized that social interactions can be a crucial determinant of preventive behavior: some aspects of this issue are analyzed by game theory applications. Nevertheless, RCM isn't able to explain a large number of individual behaviors. A more general theory of rationality may be thus developed and RCM may be considered a particular case of this theory
Martinez, Denis. "Détection de comportements à risque dans les applications en utilisant l'analyse statique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT266.
Full textThe mobile device world allows users to install applications on theirpersonal devices, but typically falls short in terms of security, because theusers lack any ability to judge if an application will be dangerous, and thereis no way to limit the harmfulness of a program after it is installed.We explore static analysis as a tool for risk assessment and detection of malware behavior. Our method characterizes as a rule-driven, partial program approach: one of our goals is to provide a convenient, expressive domain-specific language to express an abstract domain and associate behavior to the library functions of the system.Expressivity is an important asset to have and it is obtained by the means of abstraction. The mobile technologies evolve fast and new ways to develop programs frequently appear.A real-world static analysis solution absolutely needs to react fast to the arrival of new technologies, in order not to fall into obsolescence. Weshow how it is possible to develop static analyses, and then to reuse them across mutiple smartphone platforms
Paquette, Camille. "La consommation de crack chez les jeunes de la rue de Montréal méfaits de la consommation et facteurs de risque du premier usage." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3995.
Full textDkhaili, Rachid. "Construction du processus décisionnel et évaluation du risque de crédit : L'apport de l'approche comportementale." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090077.
Full textRapp, Thomas. "L'épargne salariale : Étude des nouveaux instruments et comportements d’épargne." Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090034.
Full textThis thesis analyzes, from both theoretical and empirical points of view, the influence of ESOP plans on employees’saving choices. Chapter one gives a generic definition of the employee stock ownership concept and presents a classification of this financial tool. It proposes a survey of the literature on the particular function of employees who benefit from employee stock participation plans and on the efficiency of fiscal measures that come with ESOPs. The second chapter deals with a theoretical model of portfolio allocation where employees can invest in a stock participation plan. We show that ESOP mecanisms do not often have expected effects and can lead employees to cope with huge risks. The third chapter presents an empirical analysis of employees' investment behaviors in a French firm. We show the existence of particular behaviors which are linked to bonuses paid by the firm. The fourth chapter focuses on the crucial influence of two main aspects of the employee stock ownership's supply. The diversity of funds offered and the nature of the relationship between employees and the portfolio manager both influence saving behaviors in ESOPs
Kalambayi, Banza Barthélémy. "Sexualité des jeunes et comportements sexuels à risque à Kinshasa (R. D. Congo) /." Louvain-la-Neuve : Academia-Bruylant, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41186718w.
Full textRaude, Jocelyn. "Les consommateurs français à l'épreuve de la crise de la «vache folle» : une approche sociologique et transdisciplinaire des comportements alimentaires face au risque." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0045.
Full textThe mad cow crisis can be viewed as one of the most dramatic food crises of the recent history. In a context of reduction of the risks, this multidimensional crisis was often presented as an irrational phenomenon. The empirical data show nevertheless that this analysis is not acceptable. The crisis indeed affected only consumers' minority over relatively short periods. The question thus is to know on wich conditions and in what extent do the consumers modify their eating habits when they are exposed to a health risk ? Analysis of the data collected during the crises shows that the practices and the food representations previous to the crises - the culinary structures - are probably the best predictors of the observed changes. These empirical results allow us to explain - from individual to society - the variability
Longin, Estelle. "Evaluation et régulation émotionnelles dans une situation à risque : le modèle de l'anxiété." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066096.
Full textEtchart-Vincent, Nathalie. "Traitement subjectif du risque et comportement individuel devant les pertes : une étude expérimentale." Paris, ENSAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENAM0014.
Full textAfzali, Mohammad Hassan. "Risque suicidaire et état de stress post-traumatique : règles, niveaux de risque, et modérateurs." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20023.
Full textResearch on the association between the experience of trauma and suicidality has been a growing field in the literature since two decades. The current dissertation was originally aimed at identifying sufficient or necessary conditions of suicidality outcomes among individuals exposed to trauma. A procedure of association rule extraction was implemented on a database from of a French national survey. Considering lack of sufficient or necessary conditions of suicidality outcomes, two other suicidality related issues were addressed. The first study focuses on the evidence-based ordering of the suicidality profiles and the detection of symptoms that moderate suicidality levels. Using ‘past month suicide attempt’ as the criterion, three suicidality levels were established. All suicidality levels were systematically moderated by the chronic anxiety symptom. The second study aimed at testing the robustness of the association between the trauma levels and the frequency of past month suicide attempt by identification of the symptoms moderating the incidence of outcome in every trauma level. Seven symptoms regarding desire for death, self-harm intention, suicidal ideation, lifetime suicide attempt, depressed mood, loss of interest, and panic attack exhibited a moderating effect with the fan-shaped pattern. A comprehensive review of the literature revealed the difficulty to obtain an overall picture of the investigated outcomes and their risk factors in the trauma-suicidality background. The third study puts forward a graphical platform aimed at recapitulating the evidence found by 26 studies concerning 20 risk factors of six suicidality outcomes among traumatized individuals. The main risk factors are major depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. This review highlighted the importance of a common descriptive framework and the availability of the databases collected in previous studies
Martin, Cyril. "Pilotage bancaire avec options comportementales." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE21019.
Full textThe aim of this work is to propose put forth new models for banking risk management. IThe management of interest rate risk management and liquidity risk management is area part of what is called ALM (Asset and Liability Management). ALM has been widely developed since the 80' following the crisis of SSavings and Loan Associations crisis of the 1980's. SomeCertain contracts of the balance sheet contracts, such as the French PEL (PEL stands for Plan d'Épargne Logement, Logement which is a French retail market contract of the French retail market with many several embedded options), or demand deposits (are you sure this is the correct term?), have notn't been well fully analyzed studied despite their high proportion percentages they represent in in the balance sheet of commercial banks' balance sheets. The two first chapters of this thesis have the objective to model the outstandingfuture evolutions and the values of these contracts. One of the main difficulties such modeling presents is to dealing with the customer behaviors. Of the client. Indeed, these two contracts are subject to the behavior of the suchclient of the bank: the clientcustomers can may withdraw his their money from his a savings account or he can use a specific part of his interests of theearned from the PEL’s saving part of the PELportion to get obtain a loan at a good pricerate. In this study we qualify We call these customer lliberties as offered to the client a ‘behavioral options’ insofar as the client doesn't does not always exercise their useuse these in an optimal wayoptimally, according toin the financial sensetheory. The last final chapter of this thesis attempts to estimate gain a greater general understanding of banking management in a global way by givingby offering a meansway of choosing the loan and savings accounts rates of the loan and the rate of the savings account. The modeling has been done performed in a simplified version of the actual banking world by putting up some games emphasizing andand taking into account thecustomer behavior of the clients while usingwhen exercising their options
Zimmer, Cédric. "Impact d’un dérangement sur la balance énergétique, le comportement et la reproduction d’Anatidés : généralisation du compromis entre le risque de jeûne et le risque de prédation." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6106.
Full textA major trade-off birds have to deal with is the one related to the starvation-predation risk. This trade-off predicts that, to limit effects of risk, birds should maintain their body mass as low as possible when predation risk is high. However, the main results on that trade-off only come from studies on small passerines birds having a low level of body reserves. Moreover, such studies are generally limited to an energetic approach. Thus, the main aim of this study was to generalize this theory by checking whether it may apply to large species that developed different body reserves management strategies than passerines. In addition, this work takes into account the effect of a high predation risk on a greater number of factors and at different integrative levels to have a better understanding of the underlying adjustments. To do so, predation risk was experimentally increased in three ducks species which body mass and body reserves are at least three times higher than in the largest passerines. Body mass, body reserves, food intake, stress and sexual hormones, immune factors and time-budget variations were measured. Long-term effects on reproductive success were also assessed. We showed that the starvation-predation risk trade-off applies to ducks and may probably be extended to all bird species. Moreover, it appears that, in our conditions, an elevated predation risk during the wintering period did not have long-term negative effect on ducks’ reproductive success. Finally, we highlighted that advantageous complex physiological and behavioural adjustments (not only directly based on energetics) occurred in order to respond efficiently to the increase in predation risk
Bouscaren, Nathalie. "Facteurs de risque de la dépendance chez des femmes âgées françaises : étude sur la cohorte E3N." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS508/document.
Full textThe number of people living with disabilities is rising with the ageing of the population, leading to an increased need in proxy' help (or from "third partie"). Preventive approaches to delay disability or increase disability-free life expectancy are needed. In that respect, it is essential to study proxies'role in ageing, to identify risk factors of disability, and to analyze the effect of combinations of risk factors on risk of disability.The first aim of this PhD thesis was to study the contribution of proxies in cohorts of older people. The second aim was to analyze the association between disability and cumulative sensory impairments or health behaviours.The study population consisted in a subpopulation of the E3N cohort of women born between 1925 and 1930. Data were self-reported and/or reported by a proxy. Disability was defined as a limitation in at least one of the eight instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale.Results supported the interest of proxy involvement in epidemiological studies, particularly in those dealing with ageing. Indeed, most proxies corroborated the perception of the elderly women about their ability to perform IADL. In the study of risk factors of disability, having a dual sensory impairment was associated with higher short-term incidence of disability. Moreover, not adhering to the recommendations in the five studied health behaviours was associated with an increased risk of disability ten years later, in a dose-dependent manner.This work contributes to highlight the usefulness of proxies in large epidemiological studies, and to enhance knowledge about risk factors of disability. It suggests tracks of targeted actions to improve the quality of life of older people, and to increase their disability-free life duration
Gaillard, Giordani Marie-Laure. "Les modalités transactionnelles et relationnelles de la création et du financement des nouvelles organisations : la dynamique des engagements et des désengagements." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0006.
Full textThis thesis explores the conditions in which the primary triggering events which form the basic units of economics and management - organizations - take place. Organizations crystallize multiple and diffuse energies inside complex social and economic networks and transform them into a perfect, resilient and elusive form just like a snowflake. Such structures emerge through the spirit of entrepreneurship which is together collective (society and environement) and individual (competences, intentions and self-interest). When the mechanism is catalyzed by the exchange and commitment of knowledge and resources, especially financial resources, the founding conditions and decisions start to be exponentially irreversible. An organization is thus born from organizing, it becomes an independent entity with its own name and unique identity
Loubatan, Tabo Augustin. "Analyse économique des comportements de prévention face aux risques de santé." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949540.
Full textDeleuze, Anne-Sophie. "«CHIC, CHOQUE, CHÈQUE»: Les comportements sexuels à risque des étudiantes universitaires de Lomé (Togo)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27618/27618.pdf.
Full textPinelli, Mathieu. "Intérêt des techniques d’amorçage dans la prévention des comportements à risque en sports d’hiver." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS023.
Full textWinter sports include a wide range of activities in France and around the world. Each year, rescuers perform about 50 000 intervention on French ski areas. In this context, prevention campaigns are developed to reduce risk behaviors on ski slopes.To enhance these campaigns, we propose to use the priming techniques. The technique consists in re-exposing skiers to a prime from a poster including a message advocating to slow down (to which they were previously exposed) in order to decrease the speed on ski slopes. Moderators involved in risk-taking were also considered, namely personality (sensation seeking and impulsivity), emotional self-regulation (escape and avoidance), autonomic nervous system (represented by vagal tone) and objective risk to injury.In three laboratory studies, we show the effectiveness of the priming procedure in order to reduce the risk-taking associated with speed in skiing. Among main results, we show that sensation seeking and vagal tone are important factors in susceptibility to the priming. We also show an unexpected result on the priming of a relaxing message to reduce the risk-taking in winter sports.Two ecological studies were also carried out to test the procedure directly on a ski slope. We confirm with these two studies that re-exposure to a leader from a poster significantly reduces speed, particularly for afternoon with a high risk injury.This work shows that the priming procedure is effective to reduce the speed in winter sports. The sensation-seeking, the autonomic nervous system and the objective injury risk should also be taken into account in the design of prevention campaigns based on our priming procedure. This work is the first to have developed and tested an original procedure to reduce the risk taking in winter sports
Deleuze, Anne-Sophie. ""Chic, choc, chèque" : les comportements sexuels à risque des étudiantes universitaires de Lomé (Togo)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23683.
Full textLépine, Annie. "Risque et direction des comportements agressifs chez les sujets atteints de troubles mentaux graves /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/30014646R.pdf.
Full textLépine, Annie. "Risque et direction des comportements agressifs chez les sujets atteints de troubles mentaux graves." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1933/1/030014646.pdf.
Full textBouarrata, Abderrachid. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement de prise de risque et de l'attitude observée à l'égard du risque chez l'enfant de 13-14 ans." Bordeaux 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR28158.
Full textIn our study on algerian children of both sexes, whose age is 13-14 years, some of them issued from an rural milieu and the others from an urban one, we have got some conclusions which show a difference concerning the level of facing danger in these children (their attitude and behaviour). In the light of these results, the main feeling we have is that of a predisposition to face risks widely prevailing among boys (male predominance) and also among these who have a rural ancestry. Even if we know that the values actually observed cannot be applied to all kinds of cases, we are aware, nevertheless, of the difficulty to measure a phenomen when the ways to examine it are so numerous and so capricious. Near the difficulty to measure this phenomen, facing risks also shows a polymorphous aspect since the methods of studying it ought to be diversified and since this study derives from a multidimensional analysis
Bouarrata, Abderrachid. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement de prise de risque et de l'attitude observée à l'égard du risque chez l'enfant de 13-14 ans." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603169b.
Full textAggar, Madjid. "Genèse du comportement spéculatif chez Adam Smith : le risque et la passion du gain." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/15016758X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis thesis aims to examine the personality and the behaviour of the projector within Adam Smith’s work. By analysing the choices and decisions of this figure, we can highlight the determining role that human passions play in the deliberation process. In the first part of this work, these passions are a privileged point of entry through which we can understand the internal motivations which drive to act and undertake. The description of the influence exercised by human passions on the decision-making process has two goals. First, its enables us to ascertain that the figure of the speculator is not associated with a preference for risk because this agent has no immediately reliable perception of the incurred risk. Secondly, amongst a plurality of behaviours, the undertaker-projector’s passion to acquire is singularly connected with the desire to convince others “by all means”. In the second part, this exercise in rhetoric is interpreted as a process aimed at facilitating the act of monopolizing capital by the projectors on the liberalized credit market. The study of the interactions on this market leads us to observe that the lender fails to spontaneously carry out a reliable evaluation of the borrowers. This thesis concludes that speculative crisis phenomenon which Smith refer to, is not based on deficient behaviour of agents but on the manifestation of excessive passion which leads to distort their capacity of judgment
Ragnolo, Sandy. "Le traitement pénal de la dangerosité." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0024/document.
Full textThe dangerousness was often described as involving undesirable behaviors, it became a vector of penal interventions founded on the concept of risk. The Man is in theory unforeseeable, then to apply a precautionary principle led to him to conceive an absolute prevention of the risk. The context of dangerousness evolves according to times and of the places but in particular taking into consideration variable requirement of the positive criminal law and the protection of the company. To draw up a typology of models of dangerousness supposes to highlight characteristics, markers or indicators. It is paramount to search the conditions under which the individual ceases being dangerous. The dangerousness must be in its globality, namely through the dangerous act, the dangerous situation and the dangerous state of a person. All the difficulty is here to determine the exact moment when the degree of realization of the criminal project reveals a dangerousness which calls a penal answer. The evolution of the analysis of the criminal behavior made it possible to take into account multiple factors of dangerousness leading to a positive obligation of treatment and framing of the dangerous people. The concept of dangerousness was little by little used in order to give a sense of responsibility the person recognized like dangerous. The penal dangerousness can be defined like the capacity exteriorized of a person to make a grave offence. Does the penal treatment of the dangerousness then make it possible to attenuate its range or to reinforce its control ?
Michel, Grégory. "Recherche de sensations et de nouveaute a l'adolescence : trait developpemental, etat ou facteur de vulnerabilite aux conduites de consommation et a risques." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070061.
Full textTavolacci, Marie-Pierre. "Conduites et consommations à risque et addictives chez les étudiants." Rouen, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUENR09.
Full textThibodeau, Marie-Ève. "Le vécu de mauvais traitements et l'implication dans les comportements sexuels à risque à l'adolescence." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28351.
Full textIn the last decades, numerous studies have shown that child maltreatment increase involvement in sexual risk behaviors. However, some gaps have been identified in these studies, such as their focus on a single form of maltreatment and the lack of attention for mechanisms by which exposure to child maltreatment fosters sexual risk behaviors. The purpose of this thesis is thus to deepen our understanding of the association between forms of child maltreatment and involvement in sexual risk behaviors among adolescents. In order to achieve this goal, the subsample of sexually active adolescents 17 years and under from the Quebec Youths’ Romantic Relationships survey was used (N = 1 940; 61% girls; Mage: 15 years). In the first study, independent, unique, cumulative, and interactive effects of four forms of child maltreatment (i.e., sexual abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and witnessing interparental violence) on sexual risk behaviors have been investigated. Six sexual risk behaviors have been examined: number of sexual partners, casual sexual behavior, sex exchange, age at first consensual intercourse, inconsistent condom use, and sexually transmitted infection diagnosis. Regressions not controlling for other forms of child maltreatment (independent effects), showed that all maltreatment forms were associated with having a higher number of sexual partners, casual sexual behavior, sex exchange, and a younger age at first intercourse. Regressions controlling for the four forms of maltreatment (unique effects) showed that sexual abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and witnessing interparental violence remained statistically associated depending on the sexual risk behavior. A greater number of forms of maltreatment was associated with more sexual risk behaviors (cumulative effects). Moreover, when sexual abuse was experienced, neglect was no longer associated with a higher number of sexual partners (interactive effects). Finally, associations between maltreatment and sexual risk behaviors were similar between genders. In the second study, the mediating roles of anxious attachment and avoidant attachment in the association between child maltreatment and sexual risk behaviors were explored. Results supported anxious attachment as a mediator between neglect and a higher number of sexual partners, and avoidant attachment as a mediator between neglect and a higher number of sexual partners, involvement in casual sexual behavior and a younger age at first intercourse (boys only). Results showed a direct effect of sexual abuse on all three sexual risk behaviors; attachment not having a mediating role. In summary, this thesis adds to existing knowledge of the influence of child maltreatment on sexual risk behaviors during adolescence. More specifically, it highlights the specificity of the association between some forms of child maltreatment and their associated sexual risk behaviors, and thus the importance of controlling for all forms of child maltreatment that may have been experienced when studying sexual risk behaviors. It also underlines the particular influence of sexual abuse on all sexual risk behaviors investigated. Finally, it supports attachment as a valuable target for intervention to prevent sexual risk behaviors during adolescence. Research and practice implications are addressed.
Résumé en espagnol