Academic literature on the topic 'Risky-Opportunity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Risky-Opportunity"
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Papa, AnnMarie. "Risky Business: Change and Opportunity Shape our Future." Journal of Emergency Nursing 37, no. 1 (January 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2010.12.001.
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Zakamulin, Valeriy. "Sharpe (Ratio) Thinking about the Investment Opportunity Set and CAPM Relationship." Economics Research International 2011 (July 12, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/781760.
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In the presence of a risk-free asset the investment opportunity set obtained via the Markowitz portfolio optimization procedure is usually characterized in terms of the vector of excess returns on individual risky assets and the variance-covariance matrix. We show that the investment opportunity set can alternatively be characterized in terms of the vector of Sharpe ratios of individual risky assets and the correlation matrix. This implies that the changes in the characteristics of individual risky assets that preserve the Sharpe ratios and the correlation matrix do not change the investment opportunity set. The alternative characterization makes it simple to perform a comparative static analysis that provides an answer to the question of what happens with the investment opportunity set when we change the risk-return characteristics of individual risky assets. We demonstrate the advantages of using the alternative characterization of the investment opportunity set in the investment practice. The Sharpe ratio thinking also motivates reconsidering the CAPM relationship and adjusting Jensen's alpha in order to properly measure abnormal portfolio performance.
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Keh, Hean Tat, Maw Der Foo, and Boon Chong Lim. "Opportunity Evaluation under Risky Conditions: The Cognitive Processes of Entrepreneurs." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 27, no. 2 (April 2002): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00003.
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Even though the entrepreneurship literature places much emphasis on opportunity recognition, little is known about how entrepreneurs actually evaluate opportunities. This study uses a cognitive approach to examine opportunity evaluation, as the perception of opportunity is essentially a cognitive phenomenon. We present a model that consists of four independent variables (overconfidence, belief in the law of small numbers, planning fallacy, and illusion of control), a mediating variable (risk perception), two control variables (demographics and risk propensity), and the dependent variable (opportunity evaluation). We find that illusion of control and belief in the law of small numbers are related to how entrepreneurs evaluate opportunities. Our results also indicate that risk perception mediates opportunity evaluation.
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Lee, Y., P. Hung, M. Wong, and E. Lau. "The effect of daytime sleep opportunity on risky decision-making." Sleep Medicine 16 (December 2015): S236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.1504.
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Weekes, Brendan S. "Criterion-Related Validity of the Responsibility Scale of the California Psychological Inventory." Psychological Reports 73, no. 1 (August 1993): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.1.315.
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A study was performed to assess the predictive validity of the Responsibility scale of the California Psychological Inventory by examining the relationship between standard scores and decision-making behaviour under varying conditions of risk. Subjects were required to make risky decisions on three different tasks, one where there was an opportunity to seek additional information to reduce risk for self, one where there was no opportunity to seek information for self, and one where a risky decision was made on behalf of another person. Responsibility scores correlated significantly with decision-making behaviour but only on tasks measuring risk-taking for the self.
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Mark Lawrence, Wong, Lau Esther Yuet Ying, Lam Yeuk Ching, Rusak Benjamin, Tseng Chia-huei, Lee Tatia Mei Chun, and Wing Yun Kwok. "The protective effect of daytime sleep on planning and risk-related decision-making in emerging adults." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 11 (October 16, 2020): 1228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa140.
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Abstract We assessed the effect of a daytime sleep opportunity on planning and risk-related decision-making in emerging adults using multiple neurobehavioral assessments. A total of 136 healthy emerging adults (20.0 ± 1.5 years), 65% female, performed the Risky-Gains Task and the Tower of London test twice. Between these assessments, they were randomized to either have a sleep opportunity monitored by polysomnography (Sleep group, n = 101) or to stay awake (Wake group, n = 35). During Test 2, in comparison to the Sleep group, the Wake group showed increased sleepiness, worse planning ability and more decrease in reaction times when selecting risky choices. Changes in Tower of London test steps used and Risky-Gains Task response time correlated with the number of central and frontal fast sleep spindles, respectively. These results indicate that among emerging adults who commonly have poor sleep patterns, a daytime sleep opportunity was related to better planning ability, better psychomotor vigilance and stable response speeds in risk-related decision-making. Changes in planning and risk-related decision-making correlated with the number of sleep spindles during the nap, supporting a specific role for sleep in modulating planning and potentially other higher-order cognitive functions.
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Ahn, Dong-Hyun, and Sun-Joong Yoon. "Endogenous Labor/Leisure/Investment Choice under Time Constraints." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 46, no. 4 (April 8, 2011): 1157–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109011000196.
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AbstractWe posit the opportunity cost of time required to manage risky investments, including conducting research and performance monitoring, as a potential explanation for the equity premium puzzle. An economic agent, who should allocate a limited amount of time to labor, leisure, and risky investment, is subject to the opportunity time cost of investment activity, which is foregone labor or leisure. Our model envisages its impact on equity premium and volatility in the presence of such a time constraint, in particular, with closed-form solutions to the risky asset returns, volatility, and risk-free rate in a simple equilibrium framework wherein agents have log utility. The model is shown to yield excess return and volatility consistent with historical values observed in the U.S. stock market, even with a small amount of time cost. In addition, the model enables us to sort out the impact of endogenous labor/leisure choice on return dynamics by comparing it with the exogenous labor income case.
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Goddard, Charlotte. "Taking teachable moments to cut risk of violence." Children and Young People Now 2021, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2021.7.44.
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Ardebili, Ali Aghazadeh, Elio Padoano, Antonella Longo, and Antonio Ficarella. "The Risky-Opportunity Analysis Method (ROAM) to Support Risk-Based Decisions in a Case-Study of Critical Infrastructure Digitization." Risks 10, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks10030048.
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Socio-ecologic, socio-economic, and socio-technical transitions are opportunities that require fundamental changes in the system. These will encounter matters associated with security, service adoption by end-users, infrastructure and availability. The purpose of this study is to examine and overcome the risks to take advantage of opportunities through the novel Risky-Opportunity Analysis Method (ROAM). A novel quantitative method is designed to determine when, after making some changes, the risks become acceptable so that the opportunity does not deviate from the objectives. The approach provided a quantitative evaluation of the possible changes in parallel with digitization, towards providing a green Service Supply Chain (SSC). The result of ROAM shows that the most cost-effective change to increase the resilience of the system is a solution (SMS) which is different from that identified by a TOPSIS multi-criteria method. Real-word decisions in change management should tackle the complexity of systems and uncertainty of events during and after transition through a careful analysis of the alternatives. A case-study was carried out to evaluate the alternatives of an ancillary service in the Payment Service Providers (PSP). The comparison of the ROAM results with the traditional TOPSIS of the case-study unveils the priority of the ROAM in practice when the alternatives are Risky-Opportunities. The existing risk assessment tools do not take advantage of risky opportunities. To this aim, the current article introduces the term Risky-Opportunity, and two indexes—Stress and Strain—of the alternatives that are designed to be employed in the new quantitative ROAM approach.
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Keleş, Sadiye, and Özlem Yurt. "“We Enjoyed Our Childhood to The Fullest”: Early Childhood Teachers’ Risky Play Memories and Risky Play Managements." Yaşadıkça Eğitim 34, no. 2 (September 4, 2020): 438–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33308/26674874.2020342197.
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The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between early childhood teachers’ risky play experiences, their injury histories in their childhood and risky play management strategies they used as a teacher. 190 early childhood teachers participated in this study. Data were collected through a semi- structured interview form. Only play with great heights (climbing up a tree) and play with high speed (swinging on playground swings) were included in the semi-structured interview form. Scenario-based, black and white drawings were used as a data collection tool. Results showed that teachers’ risky play histories, injury histories and their management strategies at play with great heights are independent of each other. However, a different pattern was identified for play with high speed (swinging on playground swings). This result provides an opportunity to discuss whether teachers’ injury histories at specific risky play categories, may affect their risky play management strategies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Risky-Opportunity"
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EMAMI, AMIR. "Constituents of New Value Creation in the Course of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Development." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2667484.
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Entrepreneurship is a young field of study that rests at the heart of modern theories of economic development. Several studies have had immense endeavors to explain many of phenomena in entrepreneurship as well as entrepreneurial opportunity and entrepreneur’s economic function. Still, we know little about how entrepreneurial action takes place under the condition of risk and uncertainty. Having value proposition as a central construct and building upon entrepreneurship literature, this dissertation is a further contribution to our current knowledge, particularly in entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation. It embodies four distinct but interrelated studies. Using a variety of independent and mediating variables and constructs such as gender, risk disposition, expertise, innovativeness, intention, self-efficacy, attitude, subjective norms, empathy, learning, and opportunity style, it seeks to address the challenge these factors create in the course of opportunity development for entrepreneurs.
The study No.1 examines “how different representations of entrepreneurial opportunity can influence the risk preference of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, and whether this differs between men and women”. A survey methodology was used with a random sample of 135 entrepreneurs and 126 non-entrepreneurs. The methodology was presented through a new risky choice framework containing five entrepreneurial opportunities. The first results indicate that framing information of opportunity caused significant differences in risk preferences between the entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs and also between the males and females. In negative situations, except for the lowest risk level of the experiment, the male entrepreneurs tended to choose higher risky opportunities than the female entrepreneurs. However, neither group showed a preference for the lowest opportunity return in certainty. In addition, a comparative analysis showed that there were more differences between the four groups in the negative situations than in the positive situations. The detailed differences and risk preferences of each of the four groups were also analyzed.
The study No.2 inspects the moderating roles of the founder’s experience and innovation degree on the relationship between opportunity confidence and new value creation intention (NVCI) at the pre-founding stage of a business. For this purpose, it uses survey data from 157 prospective entrepreneurs in the ICT industry from university incubators in Iran. Using SEM, result show that experience, alone, does not moderate the relationship between opportunity confidence and NVCI. However, if entrepreneurs have required opportunity confidence, then medium and high-level innovation can increase the likelihood of acting on the opportunity for novice and experienced entrepreneurs, respectively. For novice entrepreneurs, the innovation variance from low to medium moderates the relationship between opportunity confidence and intent. In fact, this relationship is strengthened by the medium novelty level. Whereas, for experienced entrepreneurs, the variance from medium to high, moderates the relationship that is strengthened by the high novelty level.
The study No.3 explores the crucial factors that form the pre and post intentionality to create new values, particularly the post intention factors that facilitate opportunity enactment. It shows how intention impacts motivation-mustering to learn about practical knowledge concerning value proposition facilitator (VPF), which in turn influences value creation enactment. A survey methodology has been applied to a randomly selected sample of 213 entrepreneurs from 16 incubators in Iran. Using SEM and longitudinal data, the results showed that attitudes toward value creation and value creation self-efficacy significantly impacted the intentionality to create new value. Moreover, VPF has a direct effect on value creation enactment so that, it partially mediates the relationship between new value creation intention (NVCI) and value creation enactment. The findings did not support the influence of subjective norms neither on NVCI nor on value creation enactment.
Finally, the study No.4 seeks to shade light on the black-box of value co-creation in entrepreneurship and on the process through which the entrepreneur’s new value proposition meets the customer’s problem and pain in particular. Later I will discuss that successful entrepreneurs are often more empathic than unsuccessful entrepreneurs. Those entrepreneurs that offer their new values through an empathic relationship, learn a vital market knowledge (practical knowledge) that in turn shapes a shared mental model between them and the beneficiary that increases the likelihood of value co-creation engagement. Moreover, the performance of this relationship improves if there is a match between entrepreneurs’ learning approach and their initial opportunity insight. Furthermore, there is another matching mechanism between learning skills and the dimensions of empathy that enhances empathy capacity for entrepreneurs. These two matching mechanism at the end have a paramount influence on the value co-creation effectiveness.
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Garius, Laura L. "Opportunities for physical assault in the night-time economy in England and Wales, 1981-2011/12." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/20427.
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Building on a growing body of research linking an opportunity framework to drops in acquisitive crime and most recently, acquisitive violence, the present thesis extends this framework to the downward trajectory of nighttime economy violence in England and Wales, during the phenomenon of the crime drop. Using secondary data analysis of the Crime Survey for England and Wales, the rate of stranger and acquaintance violence within the night-time economy is found to have halved between 1995 and 2011/12; mirroring the dramatic declines experienced by other crime types within England and Wales, and more widely across other westernised countries. Disaggregating this overarching trend by offence and victim characteristics reveals a reduction in alcohol-fuelled, common assaults between young males, occurring in and around the drinking venues of the night-time economy, and during weekends, to be the main driver of the drop. Boden, Fergusson and Horwood (2013) argue that to date there is limited knowledge surrounding the nature of alcohol-related violence. The present research explores the nexus between alcohol and violence through a situational lens. The opportunistic nature of night-time economy violence is identified through offenders' choice of tools (weapons) and selection of targets, as well as the clustering of violence along certain spatial, temporal, and individual, dimensions. The opportunity structure of night-time economy violence is established using multivariate modelling techniques designed to isolate the role of opportunity in assault-victimisation, and resultant severity, from the personal characteristics of the actors involved. Measures of a 'risky lifestyle', characterised by an increase in routine activities that take respondents away from the safety of the home, are found to be the strongest predictors of assault victimisation-risk across every available sweep of the survey. A significant shift in population lifestyle - namely a significant net decline in routine engagement with the drinking venues of the night-time economy, as well as a shift in the gender and age composition of drinking venue patronage - co-varies with the decline in night-time economy violence. However, residual effects of respondents' socio-demographic characteristics on victimisation-risk, after mediating for differences in lifestyle, presents violent victimisation in the night-time economy as a result of a process by which personal traits interact with criminogenic environments. Personal characteristics, however, are weaker in their prediction of offence severity in the night-time economy. Rather, the present research supports a collection of research identifying the context of violence to be the strongest predictor of violent dispute escalation (Brennan, Moore & Shepherd, 2010; Marcus and Reio, 2002).
Book chapters on the topic "Risky-Opportunity"
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Gordon, Jeremy. "Opportunity and Risk." In Risky Business in China, 3–10. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137433237_2.
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Kirwil, Lucyna, and Yiannis Laouris. "Experimenting with the self online: a risky opportunity." In Children, risk and safety on the internet, 113–26. Policy Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781847428837.003.0009.
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"Experimenting with the self online: a risky opportunity." In Children, Risk and Safety on the Internet, 113–26. Policy Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/9781847428844.ch009.
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Endong, Floribert Patrick C. "Using Social Media to Advocate LGBT Rights in Black Africa." In Advances in Social Networking and Online Communities, 203–27. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2854-8.ch010.
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The prevalence of draconian homophobic laws in Cameroon and Nigeria has systematically stultified sympathy for the LGBT communities and made pro-gay street activism a risky venture in these two countries. In view of this, a good number of gay rights activists have resorted to the social media as a suitable platform for a less risky advocacy. Using the social media has afforded them the opportunity to explore interactive, post-modern, and personified approaches to sensitizing and mobilizing their readership in favour of gay proselytism in Cameroon, Nigeria, and some other parts of Africa. Based on a content analysis of 200 blog posts and web/facebook pages generated by Cameroonian and Nigerian gay activists, this chapter measures the extent to which gay activists adopt a national/local perspective versus the level to which they adopt an international perspective in their online advocacy. The chapter equally examines the degree to which these citizen journalist/activists construct their advocacy discourse from the prism of a cultural war between the West and Africa.
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Endong, Floribert Patrick C. "Using Social Media to Advocate LGBT Rights in Black Africa." In Research Anthology on Inclusivity and Equity for the LGBTQ+ Community, 169–88. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3674-5.ch010.
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The prevalence of draconian homophobic laws in Cameroon and Nigeria has systematically stultified sympathy for the LGBT communities and made pro-gay street activism a risky venture in these two countries. In view of this, a good number of gay rights activists have resorted to the social media as a suitable platform for a less risky advocacy. Using the social media has afforded them the opportunity to explore interactive, post-modern, and personified approaches to sensitizing and mobilizing their readership in favour of gay proselytism in Cameroon, Nigeria, and some other parts of Africa. Based on a content analysis of 200 blog posts and web/facebook pages generated by Cameroonian and Nigerian gay activists, this chapter measures the extent to which gay activists adopt a national/local perspective versus the level to which they adopt an international perspective in their online advocacy. The chapter equally examines the degree to which these citizen journalist/activists construct their advocacy discourse from the prism of a cultural war between the West and Africa.
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"Strategy Rule 1. Shift to the Offense: Turn a Risky Competitive Situation into a Fresh Market Opportunity." In Mastering the Rules of Competitive Strategy, 23–40. Auerbach Publications, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420068108-5.
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Palekar, Srilatha, Arun Pardhi, and Sunanda Jindal. "The Tiny Owl." In Indian Business Case Studies Volume VIII, 47–52. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192869449.003.0006.
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Abstract The start—ups are mushrooming all across India even supported by the government policy and regulatory guideline as favourable to the promoters. But unfortunately, employment opportunities at the start—ups are like mutual fund investments are subject to unemployment risks since the start—ups, in general, are not meant to provide assurance of employee tenures since they are ever dynamic and wish to change their business models as often as required to keep the promoters investments providing best of revaluation results such that when an opportunity is apt, they can liquidate their stake to make money on revalued assets and dispose their engagement in the start—up. Hence if someone is seeking a long—term career objective as an employee in a start—up perhaps it is a risky proposition.
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Boursier, Valentina, and Valentina Manna. "Problematic Linkages in Adolescents." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 253–82. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3477-8.ch014.
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Internet usage represents a risky opportunity for the youngest. Due to its social, communicative and emotional function in adolescents' lives, it may provide benefits and facilitations to their relationships. On the other hand, the excessive use of the Internet can harmfully affect their daily routines, with negative effects on their psychological state. Considering the widespread use of the Internet in everyday life during this developmental stage, the authors question the applicability of the concept of “addiction” and provide empirical data about the adaption of a useful instrument to measure problematic relationships with the Internet. The establishment of a cut-off procedure is proposed for screening purpose to identify at risk and problematic users. Moreover, differences by gender and age are explored and discussed. A comprehensive model of the Problematic Relationships with the Internet is presented and analyzed in comparison with the main perspectives and measures in literature.
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Boursier, Valentina, and Valentina Manna. "Problematic Linkages in Adolescents." In Internet and Technology Addiction, 239–68. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8900-6.ch015.
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Internet usage represents a risky opportunity for the youngest. Due to its social, communicative and emotional function in adolescents' lives, it may provide benefits and facilitations to their relationships. On the other hand, the excessive use of the Internet can harmfully affect their daily routines, with negative effects on their psychological state. Considering the widespread use of the Internet in everyday life during this developmental stage, the authors question the applicability of the concept of “addiction” and provide empirical data about the adaption of a useful instrument to measure problematic relationships with the Internet. The establishment of a cut-off procedure is proposed for screening purpose to identify at risk and problematic users. Moreover, differences by gender and age are explored and discussed. A comprehensive model of the Problematic Relationships with the Internet is presented and analyzed in comparison with the main perspectives and measures in literature.
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Snyder, Jeremy. "Exploiting Hope." In Exploiting Hope, 96–122. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197501252.003.0005.
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In the Chapter 4 the author argues that fairness-based accounts of exploitation form a poor basis for understanding the distinctive wrongness of exploiting hope. Structural fairness or justice-based accounts are also problematic in the medical context. Structural exploitation can describe some instances of injustices giving rise to the potential for exploitation but not the distinctive character of exploiting hope. Rather, exploitation understood as a failure of respect gives the best interpretation of what is distinctly wrong with exploiting hope. Specifically, individuals with weighty hopes who take risky leaps of hope partially entrust their welfare to others. This entrustment creates obligations for others who may exploit an individual’s hopes when they use this relationship as an opportunity for gain without duly discharging their responsibilities for the hopeful person’s welfare. This is true of both genuine hope and false hope, where the hope is based on misinformation, misunderstanding, and/or fraud.
Conference papers on the topic "Risky-Opportunity"
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Dal Fabbro, Paulo A., Heider Marconi G. Madureira, Marcos B. Hervé, Daniel L. Ferrão, and Murilo P. Pessatti. "Dealing with the Obsolescence of Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) in Electronic Products." In Seminário Integrado de Software e Hardware. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/semish.2021.15826.
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PLDs are commonplace in today's electronic products. When such devices reach their end-of-life, the product manufacturer must find a viable solution, both technical and economical. Replacing a PLD by an ASIC is a viable alternative that is explored in this paper, using a real case as an example. Boundary business conditions for deciding for this option are presented. Depending on these conditions, obsolescence can be seen as an opportunity for the improvement of the product, taking advantage of other benefits that an ASIC brings. As an ASIC development can be seen as risky, pricy, and as having a long time to market, a structured ASIC platform, called ICX, that mitigates all of these three aspects, is also presented.
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L. Nunes, Isabel, Duarte Patriarca, and Ana Sofia Matos. "Usability-Based Mobile Phone Selection for Communications in Emergency Situations." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference (2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001264.
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The work presented here describes the selection process of mobile phones with better usability for use in emergency situations in Portugal. In emergency management, communications are a fundamental asset for limiting the consequences of risky situations. Since mobile phones have revolutionized the way people communicate they can constitute an opportunity to be used in information exchange during emergency situations. In this study the mathematical methodology developed by (Jeelani, 2011) - which holistically represents human factors’ issues associated with the use of mobile phone in emergency - was adapted to the Portuguese context. This methodology allows the rating of mobile phones in terms of suitability for use in emergency situations, having the satisfaction of user needs as a main priority. The methodology used in this study comprehends three phases: identification of the more important features of mobile phones for use in emergency situations; determination of the selection factors relative importance, using Analytic Hierarchy Process; and usability testing of five mobile phones using Cognitive Walkthrough protocol, with 20 individuals.
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O'Connor, Dee, Vicky O'Rourke, Christine Robinson, and Marlene McCormack. "IS IT TIME FOR THE RISKY CLASSROOM? DEALING WITH RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IS A NATURAL PART OF ADULT LIFE. YET MODERN CHILDREN ARE SHIELDED FROM RISK AT EVERY OPPORTUNITY. A PEDAGOGICAL SHIFT IS REQUIRED." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2017.1490.
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Cernat, Bogdan, and Sergio Lavagnoli. "Experimental Investigation of Tip Design Effects on the Unsteady Aerodynamics and Heat Transfer of a High Speed Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15159.
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Abstract While modern engine manufacturers devote significant efforts to the development of reliable and efficient machines, the introduction of novel, optimized components in the hot gas path represents a risky opportunity. Accurate experimental and numerical data are critical to assess the impact of new technologies on the harsh engine environment. The present study addresses the impact of a selection of high-performance rotor blade tips on the aerodynamic and heat flux field of a high pressure turbine (HPT) stage. A combined numerical and experimental approach is employed to characterize the interaction of the tip leakage flow with the rotor secondary flows and the casing heat transfer mechanisms for each individual tip geometry. The turbine stage is tested at engine-scaled conditions in the rotating turbine facility of the von Karman Institute. For the present study, the turbine rotor is operated in rainbow configuration to allow the simultaneous testing of multiple blade tip geometries. RANS simulations are employed to predict the aerodynamic and thermal field of the individual profiles using test-calibrated boundary conditions. Isothermal steady computations are performed at different wall temperatures to compute the adiabatic wall temperature and heat transfer convective coefficient. Low-order models are used to represent the over-tip thermal field and the driving heat transfer mechanisms. The time-resolved outlet flow is characterized using a vortex tracking technique and high frequency aerodynamic measurements to identify the rotor secondary flow structures.
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Mimlitz, Zachary, Adam Short, and Douglas L. Van Bossuyt. "Toward Risk-Informed Operation of Autonomous Vehicles to Increase Resilience in Unknown and Dangerous Environments." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60002.
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Operation of autonomous and semi-autonomous systems in hostile and expensive-to-access environments requires great care and a risk-informed operating mentality to protect critical system assets. Space exploration missions, such as the Mars Exploration Rover systems Opportunity and Curiosity, are very costly and difficult to replace. These systems are operated in a very risk-averse manner to preserve the functionality of the systems. By constraining system operations to risk-averse activities, scientific mission goals cannot be achieved if they are deemed too risky. We present a quantifiable method that increases the lifetime efficiency of obtaining scientific goals via the implementation of the Goal-Oriented, Risk Attitude-Driven Reward Optimization (GORADRO) method and a case study conducted with simulated testing of the method. GORADRO relies upon local area information obtained by the system during operations and internal Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) information to determine system health and potential localized risks such as areas where a system may become trapped (e.g.: sand pits, overhangs, overly steep slopes, etc.) while attempting to access scientific mission objectives through using an adaptable operating risk attitude. The results of our simulations and hardware validation using GORADRO show a large increase in the lifetime performance of autonomous rovers in a variety of environments, terrains, and situations given a sufficiently tuned set of risk attitude parameters. Through designing a GORADRO behavioral risk attitude set of parameters, it is possible to increase system resilience in unknown and dangerous environments encountered in space exploration and other similarly hazardous environments.
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Hamplová, Lidmila, Soňa Jexová, Veronika Pišová, and Petr Hulinský. "Application of the brief intervention method in prevention of HIV/AIDS spread - 6 years of project implementation." In Život ve zdraví 2021. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0076-2021-5.
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The National Programme for Addressing HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic 2018- 2022 is a strategic document for combating the spread of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections in the Czech Republic. The activities of the programme are funded by the Czech Republic’s Ministry of Health’s subsidy programmed called the National Programme on HIV AIDS. The target population groups of the programme are not only persons at high risk of HIV/AIDS infection due to risky sexual behaviour, but also adolescents, teenagers, and other persons of reproductive age with a lower level of health literacy. One possibility that could increase their level of knowledge is the short intervention method, which is also applicable in the field of prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. The aim and purpose of the brief intervention method recommended by the WHO is to increase the health literacy of the intervened persons, eliminate their risky behaviour and promote their reproductive health. Reducing the incidence of HIV-positive persons in the population brings significant financial savings in terms of reduced treatment costs for both HIV-positive patients and especially those with advanced AIDS. The application of the brief intervention method in the field of prevention of HIV/AIDS and other STIs was the essence of the 6-year project conducted by the University of Health Sciences in health care facilities across the Czech Republic. Patients were privately familiarised with the content of educational cards and were offered the opportunity for a closer consultation on the topic. After the education, the effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated by a short questionnaire. 5,146 people of reproductive age were intervened in more than 150 health care facilities across the country during the implementation of the 6-year project. A total of 1,347 patients (26%) reported that their loved ones were not adequately protected from HIV/AIDS and other STIs. Only 56% of the male and 66% of the female respondents reported that they had ever spoken to their loved ones about STI prevention. After the education, 56% of the 89 reproductive-age interveners requested copies of the education cards for their loved ones. Increased health literacy due to education was more often acknowledged by women than men, and especially by those in the 15-25 age group, where 74% of those in this age group who intervened confirmed increased health literacy. Women (75%) were more likely than men to believe that their loved ones were not adequately protecting themselves from STIs. Patients with lower levels of education were more likely to admit an increase in health literacy than those with university education (64%). 71% of patients with only primary education, completed at fifteen years old in the Czech Republic, said their health literacy had increased. 70% or patients who finished their schooling after secondary education, completed at eighteen years old in the Czech Republic, said their health literacy had increased. Over the course of 6 years, more than 5,000 people of reproductive age were educated in the project. The health care environment in which the interventions were implemented contributed significantly to the success of the brief intervention method. The realisation of the project by the College of Health contributed to the implementation of the National Programme for Addressing HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic 2018-2022 and at the same time the National Action Plan, entitled Development of Health Literacy.
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Saponja, Jeff, Rob Hari, Justen Brignac, Sean David, Dayley Jaszan, Corbin Coyes, Anand Nagoo, and Brandon Penner. "Taking Advantage of Multiphase Flow Reversals Enhances Downhole Gas and Solids Separation for Artificial Lift." In SPE Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition - Americas. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209755-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Downhole separation of gas and solids for sucker rod pumping (SRP) and electrical submersible pumping (ESP) continues to be a significant challenge, particularly for horizontal wells. A major advancement in downhole separation has been achieved by realizing there was an opportunity to intentionally take advantage of transient multiphase flow conditions where liquids phase reversals or fallback exists. Multiple case studies demonstrate that designing of a downhole separator that takes advantage of liquid phase flow reversals can enhance downhole separation performance and capacity, while at the same time lower operational risk. Improving downhole separation without undesirably increasing operational risk and cost has been challenging. A separator design that requires a packer or annular seal, such as a cup, is inherently more operationally risky from an installation and retrieval perspective. Further, a separator design that imparts pressure drops or increases flow turbulence faces the reliability risks of scale deposition and erosion. Flow turbulence can increase the entrained gas foaming tendency in the liquid and reduce gas bubble size in the liquid, consequently lowering separation efficiency and increasing pump gas interference. It is generally understood that separation capacity, in terms of gravity separation principles, has been physically limited by a separator's cross-sectional area for separation. It is less understood that separation capacity has also been limited by the location and orientation of a separator's intake, as well as the shape of the conduit in a separator's separation region, and that it has been limited by a common mechanical design practice of a concentric or centralized pump intake dip tube or mandrel. Technical literature, industry research and transient multiphase flow simulations have revealed, under certain conditions, that liquid phase flow reversals are not only present, but also occur at high frequencies. Such reversals or liquid fallback also occurs at much higher velocities than gas bubbles can rise, which suggested there is an opportunity to improve downhole separation. Industry research also disclosed that gas-liquid separation in an eccentric annulus is more efficient than in a concentric annulus and that separation efficiency is greater in a conduit shaped as an open tube versus an annulus. Such gains in separation efficiency are primarily due increased liquid hold-up, meaning increased liquid phase flow reversals or liquid fallback. It was hypothesized that downhole separation could be significantly improved by a separator engineered to take advantage of liquid phase flow reversals, thereby avoiding the limitations of downhole separators that are governed by gas bubble rise velocity. A separator was then designed, built, extensively flow loop tested and successfully field implemented. This paper describes the design process and results of the field implementation of an enhanced downhole separator. Flow loop testing results and comprehensive analytical transient multiphase flow simulation will be shared. A set of case studies, in multiple basins, reviews the field installations and presents the results of improved downhole separation performance and lowered operational risks, resulting in lowered operating expense and increased production.
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Al Kalbani, Muhannad, Ali Al Ghaithi, Said Al Kindi, Arya Christiawan, and Rioka Yuyan. "Enhancing Productivity and Injectivity in the Sultanate of Oman's Nimr Cluster Using Hydraulic Fracturing; Challenging The Status Quo in High Permeability Fracturing." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212327-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract High permeability hydraulic fracturing in Nimr cluster of oil fields within the Sultanate of Oman has been gaining momentum in recent years. This is despite of the inherent resistance towards deferring producing wells for a typically long intervention such as hydraulic fracturing. In part, that is due to the required pre fracturing preparation which ranges from removing low grade existing completion, removal of artificial lift pumps, installing fracturing completion, and finally post fracturing recompletion. This is in addition to damage presented by less-than-optimal fracturing fluids which may impair well productivity, especially in cases where oil is of moderate to high viscosity. Hence hydraulic fracturing of high permeability formations within Nimr fields dictated an optimal candidate selection process. This paper presents well-defined candidate selection criteria derived from regression modelling, in addition to design related optimizations such as the utilization of reduced gel loading designs and enhancing oxidizing breaker concentration for better cleanup and flowback. As part of the study within this paper, fracturing water injectors presented a less risky endeavor due to a shorter turnaround time from pre to post fracturing. It also presented an opportunity to enhance sweep efficiency in fields where water injectors are underperforming. Injector wells within the Nimr cluster of fields generally target high permeability formations (10-200 mD), however due to the quality of injected water and the degree of self-scaling due to temperature and pressure changes, skin build up is common. Hence the introduction of fracturing presented an efficient technique to bypass damage and generate larger conductive effective wellbore radii. This paper describes the restoration of several poorly performing producer and injectors that were treated between 2021 and 2022 using hydraulic fracturing. Injection results as well as post fracturing sweep efficiencies were compared to those prior to fracturing. These wells were also assessed in perspective of their injection patterns where results have shown substantial pressure support to nearby wells without fast-tracking water breakthrough. This resulted in the revival of some producer wells that were previously closed in due to poor aquifer pressure support.