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Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Barberis, Nicholas. The loss aversion narrow framing approach to the equity premium puzzle. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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2

Nadeau, Richard, Éric Bélanger, and Ece Özlem Atikcan. Framing Risky Choices: Brexit and the Dynamics of High-Stakes Referendums. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2020.

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3

Nadeau, Richard, Éric Bélanger, and Ece Özlem Atikcan. Framing Risky Choices: Brexit and the Dynamics of High-Stakes Referendums. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2020.

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4

Bazrafkan, Azernoosh, and Alexia Herwig. Risk, Responsibility, and Fairness in International Investment Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795896.003.0013.

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International investment agreements (IIAs) accommodate two framings of risk in need of mitigation: political risks and risks of physical externalities. The chapter discloses that there is no consistency in the finer-grained framing of these risks in arbitral awards, and analyses these framings from the perspective of the fair and equitable treatment (FET) standard. It is argued that the requirements of fairness and equity call for a just distribution of systemic risks, which IIAs create. It must be ensured that IIAs yield greater ex ante benefits than risks for each stakeholder. The implication is twofold: governmental regulation necessary to protect human rights can never give rise to a right to damages under FET for frustration of expectations and good faith imperfections in regulations by developing countries must be tolerable insofar as emerging development is the constitutive reason for why foreign investment is likely to yield higher ex ante benefits than risks to investors.
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5

Fiorino, Daniel J. Two Worlds Colliding. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190605803.003.0001.

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In recent decades, ecological politics in the United States has been locked in a zero-sum conflict, with ecological goals pitted against economic ones. The result is that ecosystems and public health are increasingly at risk, needed transitions in energy and other systems are delayed, and opportunities for leveraging economic and ecological goals are unrealized. This matters, because economic growth is placing increasing pressures on local, regional, and global ecosystems and resources. Growing and compelling evidence of ecological limits raises not only critical threats to health and the natural environment but undermines the very basis for economic and social well-being. The alternative to an irresponsible strategy of unguided growth or a politically unrealistic and socially risky one of no growth or de-growth is that of green growth. Green growth defines a basis for both a politically realistic framing of ecology–economy issues and a workable policy agenda for change.
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6

Gandy, Oscar H. Framing Inequality in Public Policy Discourse. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.019.

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This essay explores a variety of ways that the problem of inequality has been framed in the context of national policy debates in the United States. Following an introduction to the notion of inequality as a social problem, the chapter provides a brief review of how framing has been examined as a communications process and a strategic resource. The framing of inequality as a focus of public policy debates is described in relation to a selection of issues that include health disparities, racial inequality, and the digital divide. An additional assessment is made of the use of comparative risk as a framework for highlighting differences between groups defined by race, ethnicity and social class. The framing of environmental risks is examined in relation to a social justice frame. The author concludes with a discussion of constraints on the use of particular frames within debates about economic social policy.
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7

MacGregor, Susanne, and Betsy Thom. Risk and Substance Use: Framing Dangerous People and Dangerous Places. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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8

MacGregor, Susanne, and Betsy Thom. Risk and Substance Use: Framing Dangerous People and Dangerous Places. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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9

MacGregor, Susanne, and Betsy Thom. Risk and Substance Use: Framing Dangerous People and Dangerous Places. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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10

MacGregor, Susanne, and Betsy Thom. Risk and Substance Use: Framing Dangerous People and Dangerous Places. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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11

Risk and Substance Use: Framing Dangerous People and Dangerous Places. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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12

Pitt, Richard N. Church Planters. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197509418.001.0001.

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Starting a new organization is a risky business. Most startups fail; half of them do not reach the five-year mark. Protestant churches are not immune to these trends. Most new churches are not established with denominational support—many are actually nondenominational—and, therefore, have many of the vulnerabilities other infant organizations must overcome. Research has revealed that millions of Americans are leaving churches, half of all churches do not add any new members, and thousands of churches shutter their doors each year. These numbers suggest that American religion is not a growth industry. Yet, more than 1,000 new churches are started in any given year. What are the forces that move people who might otherwise be satisfied working for churches to the riskier role of starting one as a religion entrepreneur? In Church Planters, sociologist Richard Pitt uses more than 125 in-depth interviews with church planters to understand their motivations. First he uncovers themes in their sometimes miraculous, sometimes mundane answers to the question “Why take on these risks?” Then he examines how they approach three common entrepreneurial challenges—recognizing opportunities, marshaling resources, and framing success—in ways that reduce uncertainty and lead them to believe they will be successful. The book combines their evocative stories with insights from research on commercial and social entrepreneurship to explain how these religion entrepreneurs come to believe that their organizational goals must be accomplished, that those goals are capable of being accomplished, and that they would accomplish those goals over time.
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13

International Relations Under Risk: Framing State Choice (Suny Series in Global Politics). State University of New York Press, 2004.

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14

Berejikian, Jeffrey D. International Relations Under Risk: Framing State Choice (Suny Series in Global Politics). State University of New York Press, 2005.

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15

Bankoff, Greg, Fred Kru ger, Terry Cannon, E. Lisa F. Schipper, and Benedikt Orlowski. Cultures and Disasters: Understanding Cultural Framings in Disaster Risk Reduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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16

Bankoff, Greg, Fred Kru ger, Terry Cannon, E. Lisa F. Schipper, and Benedikt Orlowski. Cultures and Disasters: Understanding Cultural Framings in Disaster Risk Reduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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17

Cultures and Disasters: Understanding Cultural Framings in Disaster Risk Reduction. Routledge, 2015.

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18

Bankoff, Greg, Fred Kru ger, Terry Cannon, E. Lisa F. Schipper, and Benedikt Orlowski. Cultures and Disasters: Understanding Cultural Framings in Disaster Risk Reduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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19

Bankoff, Greg, Fred Kru ger, Terry Cannon, E. Lisa F. Schipper, and Benedikt Orlowski. Cultures and Disasters: Understanding Cultural Framings in Disaster Risk Reduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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20

Bankoff, Greg, Fred Kru ger, Terry Cannon, E. Lisa F. Schipper, and Benedikt Orlowski. Cultures and Disasters: Understanding Cultural Framings in Disaster Risk Reduction. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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21

Camkin, Jeffrey Keith, Nick Schofield, and Hemant Ojha. Climate Risks to Water Security: Framing Effective Response in Asia and the Pacific. Springer International Publishing AG, 2023.

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22

Lansford, Jennifer E., and Prerna Banati, eds. Handbook of Adolescent Development Research and Its Impact on Global Policy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847128.001.0001.

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Of 1.2 billion adolescents in the world today, 90% live in low- and middle-income countries. These adolescents not only face many challenges but also represent a resource to be cultivated through educational opportunities and vocational training to move them toward economic independence, through initiatives to improve reproductive health, and through positive interpersonal relationships to help them avoid risky behaviors and make positive decisions about their futures. This volume tackles the challenges and promise of adolescence by presenting cutting-edge research on adolescent social, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, and physical development; promising programs from different countries to promote adolescents’ positive development; and policies that can advance adolescents’ rights within the framework of international initiatives, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and Sustainable Development Goals, which are guiding the international development agenda through 2030. This volume seeks to provide actionable strategies for policymakers and practitioners working with adolescents. Disconnects between national-level policies and local services, as well as lack of continuity with early childhood responses, present a significant challenge to ensuring a coherent approach for adolescents. Increasingly, adolescent participation and demands for rights-based approaches are seen and often unfortunately conflated with violence. This volume adopts a positive framing of adolescence, representing young people as opportunities rather than threats, and a valued investment both at individual and societal levels, contributing to a positive shift in discourses around young people.
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23

Lentzos, Filippa. Genetic Engineering and Biological Risks. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.66.

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This chapter serves three objectives. First, it provides a narrative account of key developments in core bioengineering technologies. Second, it critically interrogates the emergence and evolution of regulatory regimes aimed at responding to perceived risks associated with these technological capabilities, highlighting how these have primarily relied on establishing ‘soft’ forms of control rather than hard edged legal frameworks backed by coercive sanctions, largely in the form of self-regulation by the scientific research community (with some notification provisions to keep the relevant government informed). Third, it provides an analysis of this regulatory evolution, focusing on the narrow construction of risk, and flagging up the possibility of alternative framings, which might have generated more inclusive and deliberative approaches to standard-setting and oversight.
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24

Evensky, Harold. Applications of Client Behavior. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269999.003.0028.

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This chapter reviews various behavioral concepts and strategies to help clients avoid behavioral errors, with the result of increasing the probability of a successful plan design and implementation. The chapter discusses how the concepts introduced by research in behavioral finance have become integrated throughout Evensky & Katz/Foldes Financial’s practice. The chapter begins with framing for new clients, which is part of the firm’s approach to retirement planning called “anchoring on the efficient frontier.” Anchoring refers to the intersection of the client’s return requirement as determined by a capital needs analysis and the client’s risk tolerance. Framing is introduced as a powerful behavioral management tool for the practitioner. Behavioral finance lessons are integrated in the risk tolerance and return discussions, as well as the reporting process.
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25

Gellert, Raphaël. The Risk-Based Approach to Data Protection. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837718.001.0001.

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The main goal of this book is to provide an understanding of what is commonly referred to as “the risk-based approach to data protection”. An expression that came to the fore during the overhaul process of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)—even though it can also be found in other statutes under different acceptations. At its core it consists in endowing the regulated organisation that process personal data with increased responsibility for complying with data protection mandates. Such increased compliance duties are performed through risk management tools. It addresses this topic from various perspectives. In framing the risk-based approach as the latest model of a series of regulation models, the book provides an analysis of data protection law from the perspective of regulation theory as well as risk and risk management literatures, and their mutual interlinkages. Further, it provides an overview of the policy developments that led to the adoption of such an approach, which it discusses in the light of regulation theory. It also includes various discussions pertaining to the risk-based approach’s scope and meaning, to the way it has been uptaken in statutes including key provisions such as accountability and data protection impact assessments, or to its potential and limitations. Finally, it analyses how the risk-based approach can be implemented in practice by providing technical analyses of various data protection risk management methodologies.
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26

Flear, Mark L. Regulating New Technologies: EU Internal Market Law, Risk, and Socio-Technical Order. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198807216.003.0004.

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The chapter argues that, more than playing catch up with and being determined by technoscientific innovation, law also plays a leading role in the regulation of new technologies by shaping and directing the conditions of possibility for their development and market availability. The chapter charts some of the main ways in which EU internal market law retains its regulatory capacity and efficacy through techniques of negative and positive integration. These techniques centralize the harms or hazards relating to product safety as ‘the’ risks posed by new technologies. Designing regulation and limiting ‘risk’ (through it) marginalizes and obscures other kinds of harms or hazards to which it might pertain. The current regulatory design also depoliticizes, naturalizes, and quells contestation around the approach taken and obscures other potential framings of regulation, such as by human rights and bioethics.
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27

Ricciardi, Victor. The Financial Psychology of Players, Services, and Products. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269999.003.0002.

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This chapter provides an overview of the emerging cognitive and emotional themes of behavioral finance that influence individual behavior. The behavioral finance perspective of risk incorporates both qualitative (subjective) and quantitative (objective) aspects of the decision-making process. An emerging subject of research interest and investigation in behavioral finance is the inverse (negative) relation between perceived risk and expected return (perceived return). The chapter highlights important topics such as representativeness, framing, anchoring, mental accounting, control issues, familiarity bias, trust, worry, and regret theory. It also examines the role of negative affective reactions on financial decisions. A host of biases that depend on specific aspects of the financial product or investment service influence the judgment and decision-making process of most financial players.
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28

Weir, Doug. Reframing the Remnants of War. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784630.003.0019.

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Since 2011, states and civil society have sought to draw attention to the health and environmental risks from the toxic remnants of war; a process that has led to the International Law Commission proposing a draft principle that obliges states to help minimize their risks to the environment following conflicts. In addition to raising awareness of the impact and legacy of conflict pollution, the process has helped to reverse the historical decoupling of explosive remnants of war from other physical and toxic war remnants. Itself a product of the humanitarian advocacy framing promoted by the civil society-led campaign against anti-personnel landmines. The new draft principle on the toxic and hazardous remnants of war, which is one of several proposed to help address and remedy environmental damage following conflicts, could eventually help fill a gap in how the international community responds to pollution caused or exacerbated by armed conflict.
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29

Tallacchini, Mariachiara. Medical Technologies and EU Law: The Evolution of Regulatory Approaches and Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198807216.003.0002.

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The regulatory evolution of medical technologies in the EU offers a unique perspective with regard to highlighting significant elements of both European science policy and the development of European institutions, especially with regard to the passage from their (primarily) economic to their political phases. Since the early 1990s, while establishing a market for biotechnology, the European Communities have been developing some policy-related visions of technoscience and its potential risks, while at the same time framing the concept of European citizenship through European values and rights. The emerging and re-emerging medical technology of xenotransplantation, namely the clinical use of cells, tissues, and organs between species, while having evolved from its primary focus on organs to so-called advanced therapies (cell therapy, gene therapy, and tissue-engineered products), also provided an opportunity to test and implement different science policy models in dealing with risks and uncertainties in the European knowledge-based and innovation-oriented society.
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30

Eddy, Wymeersch. Part V The Broader View and the Future of MiFID, 22 Shadow Banking and the Functioning of Financial Markets. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198767671.003.0022.

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This chapter considers the financial activity taking place outside the traditional and often unregulated financial sphere of the securities markets, which has become substantial and diverse, and is often called ‘shadow banking’, a misnomer. These activities, mapped by the Financial Stability Board, include a variety of entities which specialise in certain financial activities, or provide financial services as part of their overall product offer. They create risks of a ‘systemic’ nature, leading to major financial disruption and contagion. Although thought to be on the border of the traditional securities systems, these matters and the related regulation have a considerable impact on the framing of certain classes of securities and may determine the safety of the overall system, including that of the final investor.
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31

Baquero Cruz, Julio. The Preliminary Rulings Procedure: Cornerstone or Broken Atlas? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830610.003.0004.

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This chapter examines how Union law and the Court of Justice would not be what they are without the preliminary rulings procedure. This procedure occupies a central position among all the other ways to bring cases to the Court, and also has a key position among all the procedures connecting institutions and framing the use of power in the Union. Its development and current state also bear witness to the promise and difficulties of integration, starting from the initial hopes, fuelled by historical consciousness, and leading to the current disaffection and blindness, and the attendant risks for its civilizational achievements. The chapter illustrates the reasons for this procedure’s centrality in the system, explores its strengths and weaknesses, and proposes new avenues for its future understanding.
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32

Taliaferro, Jeffrey W. Prospect Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.281.

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Prospect theory is one of the most influential behavioral theories in the international relations (IR) field, particularly among scholars of security studies, political psychology, and foreign policy analysis. Developed by Israeli psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, prospect theory provides key insights into decision making under conditions of risk and uncertainty. For example, most individuals are risk averse to secure gains, but risk acceptant to avoid losses (loss aversion). In addition, most people value items they already posses more than they value items they want to acquire (endowment effect), and tend to be risk averse if they perceive themselves to be facing gains relative to their reference point (risk propensity). Prospect theory has generated an enormous volume of scholarship in IR, which can be divided into two “generations”. The first generation (1990–1999) sought to establish prospect theory’s plausibility in the “real world” by testing hypotheses derived from it against subjective expected-utility theory or rational choice models of foreign policy decision making. The second generation (2000–present) began to incorporate concepts associated with prospect theory and related experimental literature on group risk taking into existing mid-level theories of IR and foreign policy behavior. Two substantive areas covered by scholars during this period are coercive diplomacy and great power intervention in the periphery as they relate to loss aversion. Both generations of prospect theory literature suffer from conceptual and methodological difficulties, mainly around the issues of reference point selection, framing, and preference reversal outside laboratory settings.
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33

Peters, Ellen. Overcoming Innumeracy and the Use of Heuristics When Communicating Science. Edited by Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan, and Dietram A. Scheufele. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.42.

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Science communication is difficult because, rather than understanding and using important, often numeric, information, lay people and experts alike resort to superficial heuristic processing of information. This chapter examines heuristic processing with respect to the power of experience, the affect heuristic, and framing effects along with their interactions with innumeracy. Recommendations are made for how to improve science communication to decrease use of heuristic processing and improve use of numeric information in risk perceptions and decision making. Based on existing evidence, science communicators should carefully identify communication goals and then choose evidence-based strategies to meet them. Evidence-based strategies include providing numeric information (as opposed to not providing it), reducing cognitive effort, increasing affective meaning, and drawing attention to key information.
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34

Wachbroit, Robert, and David Wasserman. Reproductive Technology. Edited by Hugh LaFollette. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199284238.003.0007.

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Reproductive technologies enable a couple to have, or avoid having, a particular kind of child. Couples can learn much about some of the medical problems their offspring might have even before their child is born; and, in some cases, even before conception. These developments have had a profound effect in framing reproductive decisions. This article focuses the discussion on these issues, which arise directly from the convergence of reproductive and genetic technologies. But it also explores some important, and related, implications that convergence has for the other three groups of issues: the moral assessment of risks, the involvement of third parties, and the status and disposition of various reproductive materials. In examining these issues, the article distinguishes concerns about the products, processes, and reasons involved in the use of new reproductive and genetic technologies, an approach which is described here.
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35

Hafez, Mohammed M. Apologia for Suicide. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656485.003.0007.

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Suicide attacks have become a conventional tactic in the arsenal of militant Islamists. Yet suicide is strictly prohibited in the Islamic heritage. Radical Salafists have succeeded in framing suicide attacks as religiously permissible, indeed venerable, by elevating human intentionality above textual forms of authority, and by euphemistically labeling such acts as martyrdom. They have also inferred a normative paradigm from Islam’s formative generations, pointing to examples of excessive risk-taking by the Prophet’s companions. In making these rationalizations, Salafist jihadists have cast aside their strict constructionist ethos and unveiled figurative meanings (ta’wil) in original verses and traditions to permit acts of self-immolation. In other words, in seeking to affirm their religious authenticity, they have violated their Salafist methodology. This methodological slippage has permitted other interpretive innovations, such as the permissibility of killing civilians and coreligionists in the course of justified warfare.
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36

Schmid, Günther. A Working Lifetime of Skill and Training Needs. Edited by John Buchanan, David Finegold, Ken Mayhew, and Chris Warhurst. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199655366.013.13.

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This chapter provides an overview of the key factors shaping individuals’ skill formation challenges and options by referring to the growing literature of ‘Transitional Labour Markets’ (TLMs) that examines the changing links between work and life beyond standard employment relationships. It starts by clarifying the key problems that must be addressed for understanding the skill formation challenges and highlights the need for a life course as opposed to a life cycle framing of the issue. A short overview of the TLM approach and a brief sketch of the main challenges of skill-capacity formation over the life course in Europe follow. The bulk of the chapter then examines the key issue of how risks associated with investing in the development of individuals’ skills capacities are shared. The paper concludes by reflecting on the utility of seeing working life as being centrally concerned with lifelong learning.
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37

Cozza, Stephen J. Family-Based Interventions for PTSD. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0028.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with negative health and mental health effects in those it afflicts but also has been shown to have negative effects on relationships with intimate partners and close relatives. Although different types of trauma require tailored approaches to family intervention, PTSD broadly affects interpersonal relationships, communication, and family functioning. Most of the existing literature has focused on military and veteran families affected by combat-related PTSD. This military perspective is used to structure this chapter and to highlight several areas important to an understanding of PTSD and its effect on families with children: framing PTSD from a family systems perspective and recognizing its impact on relationships and family functioning, reviewing child developmental considerations, describing unique challenges of childhood traumatic bereavement, and summarizing the developing literature examining family interventions for PTSD. Six strategies are highlighted that can mitigate risk in families affected by PTSD.
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38

Ahlers, Rhodante, Margreet Zwarteveen, and Karen Bakker. Large Dam Development. Edited by Bent Flyvbjerg. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732242.013.27.

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This chapter argues that there are important distinctions between large dam development in the twentieth century and the twenty-first century by conceptually framing dams not as mere objects in space but also as agents in dynamic and contested spatial strategies. This is illustrated by two examples: the Aswan High Dam on the Nile, and the Nam Theun 2 on the Mekong. Twentieth-century dams may be likened to Trojan Horses in that they were important embodiments of political and ideological spatial strategies, while large dams of the twenty-first century are more like Pandora’s Boxes due to a proliferation of private and quasi-private actors involved in their development. This complicates the assessment of the responsibilities for the costs, benefits, and risks of dam building, and makes transparent and democratic organization of dam governance even more difficult. The concept of “dam democracy” is proposed as an organizing principle for addressing these issues.
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39

Pabón-Colón, Jessica Nydia. Graffiti Grrlz. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479806157.001.0001.

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Since the dawn of Hip Hop graffiti writing in the late ‘60s, graffiti writers have inscribed their tag names on cityscapes across the globe to claim public space and mark their presence. In the absence of knowing the writer’s identity, the onlooker’s imagination defaults to the gendered, classed, and racialized conventions framing a public act that requires bodily strength and a willingness to take legal, social, and physical risks. Graffiti subculture is thus imagined as a “boys club” and consequently the graffiti grrlz fade from the social imagination. Utilizing a queer feminist perspective, this book is a transnational ethnography that tells an alternative story about Hip Hop graffiti subculture from the vantage point of over 100 women who write graffiti in 23 countries. Grounded in 15 years of research, each chapter examines a different site and process of transformation. Under the radar of feminist movement, they’ve remodeled Hip Hop masculinity, created an affective digital network, challenged androcentric graffiti history and reshaped subcultural memory, sustained all-grrl community, and strategically deployed femininity to transform their subcultural precarity. By performing feminism across the diaspora, graffiti grrlz have elevated their subcultural status and resisted hetero/sexist patriarchal oppression.
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40

Gardiner, Stephen M. Geoengineering. Edited by Stephen M. Gardiner and Allen Thompson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199941339.013.44.

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Ethics is highly relevant to grand technological interventions into basic planetary systems on a global scale (roughly, “geoengineering”). Focusing on climate engineering, this chapter identifies a large number of salient concerns (e.g., welfare, rights, justice, political legitimacy) but argues that early policy framings (e.g., emergency, global public good) often marginalize these and so avoid important questions of justification. It also suggests that, since it is widely held that geoengineering has become a serious option mainly because of political inertia, there are important contextual issues, especially around the paradoxical question, “What should we do, ethically speaking, given that we have not done, and will continue not to do, what we should be doing?” Taking such issues seriously helps to explain why some regard geoengineering as ethically troubling and highlights the largely neglected threat of interventions that discriminate against future generations (“parochial geoengineering”). We should take seriously the risk that, far from being simply a welcome new tool for climate action, geoengineering may become yet another manifestation of the underlying problem.
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41

Scott-Baumann, Alison, Mathew Guest, Shuruq Naguib, Sariya Cheruvallil-Contractor, and Aisha Phoenix. Islam on Campus. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846789.001.0001.

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This book explores how Islam is represented, perceived and lived within higher education in Britain. It is a book about the changing nature of university life, and the place of religion within it. Even while many universities maintain ambiguous or affirming orientations to religious institutions for reasons to do with history and ethos, much western scholarship has presumed higher education to be a strongly secularizing force. This framing has resulted in religion often being marginalized or ignored as a cultural irrelevance by the university sector. However, recent times have seen higher education increasingly drawn into political discourses that problematize religion in general, and Islam in particular, as an object of risk. Using the largest data set yet collected in the UK (2015–18) this book explores university life and the ways in which ideas about Islam and Muslim identities are produced, experienced, perceived, appropriated, and objectified. We ask what role universities and Muslim higher education institutions play in the production, reinforcement and contestation of emerging narratives about religious difference. This is a culturally nuanced treatment of universities as sites of knowledge production, and contexts for the negotiation of perspectives on culture and religion among an emerging generation. We demonstrate the urgent need to release Islam from its official role as the othered, the feared. When universities achieve this we will be able to help students of all affiliations and of none to be citizens of the campus in preparation for being citizens of the world.
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Mantie, Roger, and Gareth Dylan Smith, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Music Making and Leisure. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.001.0001.

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Abstract:
Music has been a vital part of leisure activity across time and cultures. Contemporary commodification, commercialization, and consumerism, however, have created a chasm between conceptualizations of music making and numerous realities in our world. From a broad range of perspectives and approaches, this handbook explores avocational involvement with music (i.e., amateur, recreation) as an integral part of the human condition. The chapters in The Oxford Handbook of Music Making and Leisure present a myriad of ways for reconsidering—refocusing attention on—the rich, exciting, and emotionally charged ways in which people of all ages make time for making music through music learning and participation. The contexts discussed are broadly Western, including a diversity of voices from scholars across fields and disciplines, framing complex and multifaceted phenomena that may be helpfully, enlighteningly, and perhaps provocatively framed as music making and leisure. The book is structured in four parts: (I) Relationships to and with Music; (II) Involvement and Meaning; (III) Scenes, Spaces, and Places; and (IV) On the Diversity of Music Making and Leisure. This volume may be viewed as an attempt to reclaim music making and leisure as a serious concern for, among others, policy makers, scholars, and educators, who perhaps risk eliding some or even most of the ways in which music, so central to community and belonging, is integrated into the everyday lives of people. As such, this handbook looks beyond the obvious (of course music making is leisure!), asking readers to consider anew, “What might we see when we think of music making as leisure?”
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43

Termeer, Catrien, Arwin van Buuren, Art Dewulf, Dave Huitema, Heleen Mees, Sander Meijerink, and Marleen van Rijswick. Governance Arrangements for Adaptation to Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.600.

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Adaptation to climate change is not only a technical issue; above all, it is a matter of governance. Governance is more than government and includes the totality of interactions in which public as well as private actors participate, aiming to solve societal problems. Adaptation governance poses some specific, demanding challenges, such as the context of institutional fragmentation, as climate change involves almost all policy domains and governance levels; the persistent uncertainties about the nature and scale of risks and proposed solutions; and the need to make short-term policies based on long-term projections. Furthermore, adaptation is an emerging policy field with, at least for the time being, only weakly defined ambitions, responsibilities, procedures, routines, and solutions. Many scholars have already shown that complex problems, such as adaptation to climate change, cannot be solved in a straightforward way with actions taken by a hierarchic or monocentric form of governance. This raises the question of how to develop governance arrangements that contribute to realizing adaptation options and increasing the adaptive capacity of society. A series of seven basic elements have to be addressed in designing climate adaptation governance arrangements: the framing of the problem, the level(s) at which to act, the alignment across sectoral boundaries, the timing of the policies, the selection of policy instruments, the organization of the science-policy interface, and the most appropriate form of leadership. For each of these elements, this chapter suggests some tentative design principles. In addition to effectiveness and legitimacy, resilience is an important criterion for evaluating these arrangements. The development of governance arrangements is always context- and time-specific, and constrained by the formal and informal rules of existing institutions.
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