Journal articles on the topic 'Risk-taking (Psychology) – Economic aspects'
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Voznyak, H., Kh Patytska, and Т. Kloba. "BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS IN MODERN RESEARCH OF REGIONAL AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: THEORETICAL ASPECTS." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 1, no. 36 (February 17, 2021): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v1i36.227893.
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In terms (conditions) of socio-economic crisis, there are changes in the algorithms of acceptance of the investment, financial, management, and other decisions at various levels, which requires the emphasis on the patterns of behavior of participants in financial and economic processes in conditions of risk and uncertainty. The article aims to review the key postulates of behavioral economics, substantiate the possibility and feasibility of applying the theoretical foundations of behavioral economics as the latest model of the irrational behavior of financial and economic relations in practice management at regional and local levels.
The theoretical foundations of behavioral economics are revealed, the preconditions of origin (scientific bases, technological level, socio-economic bases) and stages of formation are determined. The interdisciplinary nature of behavioral economics as a science-based on the provisions of economics, psychology, sociology, neurobiology, and studies of socio-economic problems using non-traditional methods and approaches is proved. The study found that the growing trend of the practical application of behavioral economics at the regional and local levels is associated with the possibility of taking into account, except objective factors, irrational behavior of participants in financial and economic processes in conditions of risk and uncertainty. Behavioral differences between «economic man» and Humans are substantiated. It is established that people have such behavioral features as presumed irrationality; limited cognitive skills, emotions, morals, and social norms; limited selfishness; inconsistency (variability) of preferences. The expediency of studying economic relations at the regional and local levels on the basis of behavioral economics is justified by the possibility of explaining the abnormal behavior of economic agents in conditions of uncertainty and risk, which encourages the search for new behavioral strategies of financial and economic relations.
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Батухтин, А., and A. Batuhtin. "Phenomenon of Risk in Some Theories of the Humanities Knowledge." Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 6, no. 3 (October 12, 2017): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59d788600335a7.64460840.
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The modern world is full of risks, so the theory of risk, its properties and processes of management, are nowadays of particular interest. There are many theories, which contain different concepts and identifies the fundamental characteristics of this phenomenon. This paper aims to study the processes of effective risk management and prediction of the future, an important task of social management. The article discusses the postmodern (sociological) and perceptibility (psychology) risk-taking. Sociological theories of the postmodern approach to the concept of “risk” through the analysis of social relations. In turn, perceptivity approach treats risk through the “behavioral aspects” of human existence. The task of this article is to define the properties of risk in sociological theories and the search for such properties, the risk that would be inherent in any type of society. Analyzed the risk profile, offered by postmodern theory by U. Beck, N. Luhmann and A. Giddens, with the result that the basic properties of the risk applying to the Foundation. As well as identified behavioral aspects of risk that were considered in the context perceptivities approach, in D. Kahneman and A. Tversky. In the end, we offer a conclusion that common property, as an individual and the society as a system in General is an irrational risk aversion. This property does not depend on the era and type of society and retains its relevance from ancient times to the present day. The results obtained in this article can find its practical application in Sciences such as social philosophy, political science, management, Economics, psychology, sociology. Highlighted in the sociology of properties of a society built on risk, can be useful indicators or explanations of any of the events. In political science, Economics and management knowledge of the characteristics of the risk society (modern society) and people's attitude to risk will provide an advantage and will indicate any possible human behavior that will help in prediction and management. And this, in turn, could facilitate the implementation of industrial, corporate, or state objectives.
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Małecka, Joanna, and Yevhen Revtiuk. "Comparison of Entrepreneurial Attitudes – a Polish and Ukrainian Case Study." Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cplbu-2020-0050.
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AbstractThe definition of entrepreneurship is interdisciplinary. Its attitude-describing component alone incorporates many areas, including, primarily, social sciences such as psychology and sociology, followed by economics and law, while taking into account local institutional and legislative environment. Its multi-faceted nature is, however, not only about attitudes but, above all, measurable behaviours, the effects of which can be illustrated in the form of measurable results and balance sheets of enterprises. One of its most important aspects is the fact of influencing the economic environment and economic conditions of countries. Hence, any research in the field of entrepreneurship of social groups, or even nations, should focus on diagnosing the forms of economic activity and describing those environmental elements which will enable certain alleviation of the barriers to development, or even their complete elimination, which, in turn, will contribute to the growth of entire socio-economic systems.The article attempts to investigate the conditions that affect the willingness to carry on economic activity by analysing the entrepreneurial attitudes of Polish and Ukrainian citizens whose common denominators are: (1) having an engineering degree, (2) being professionally active, and (3) willingness to keep improving their qualifications.
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Bukhtiyarov, Igor V., and Eduard I. Denisov. "Hygienic aspects of robotization: risk factors and safety principles." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-1-6-12.
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The paper presents a review and essays on the hygienic aspects of the problem of robotics. The absence of generally accepted international terminology is noted. There is given a definition of basic terms as a robot, an artificial intelligence system (AIS), and a cyber-physical system (CFS) - according to authoritative sources. In the literature, the term robot is often used to mean CFS. The origin of robots in Russia is briefly described. The role of AIS as the basis of a technological breakthrough is considered. There is represented statistical data on the scientific, economic, and social aspects of the introduction of robotics. Robots are believed to be more likely to replace tasks rather than jobs and create new types of them. The medical and social aspects of robotization based on the experience of the European Union, the USA, and South Korea are examined, and the prospects of creating "smart jobs" are emphasized. The types of robots and their application in industry and medicine for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation are described. It is emphasized that robots are the most advanced machines. The dangers created by robots, their causes, and possible consequences from physical (noise, vibration), chemical, electrical, ergonomic, and other perils are described. The presence of both "traditional" and new risk factors is noted. The systematics of the stages of human-robot interaction is proposed: ethical aspects in the design, communication psychology, contacts with the machine during its use and safety aspects, human physiological responses, possible clinical manifestations of health disorders. The safety principles of robots and CFS are formulated, and that the "smarter" the robots, the greater the risks of program failures and breakdowns are noted. The role of information hygiene and the need for training and health education of workers and the population are examined. Estimates are given of the prospects for the robotization of the profession. The occupation of hygienists in the era of digitalization and robotization is noted to have a future.
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A. Dzogovic, Suada, and Theranda Beqiri. "GENDER ANALYSIS AND COVID-19: A CASE STUDY OF ECONOMIC (IN)EQUALITY." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 12, no. 2 (September 10, 2022): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.092202.
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This paper provides an overview and critical review of the question of whether and to what extent has the coronavirus pandemic affected the economic situation of women. The case study in Bosnia and Herzegovina identified the key concepts that will guide our analysis and interpretation. Based on our experiences, we examine and investigate the economic and social status of women in general, and then monitor economic and social parameters during the coronavirus pandemic, to answer the key question- whether the pandemic caused more damage to men or women in economic terms, did it emphasize and deepen the existing gender gap in economic and social terms, or did it improve the position of women, which we consider less likely. This is a predominantly quantitative approach, given that we collected, compared, and analyzed various statistical data from the census, statistics from labor and employment agencies on the labor market, and similar. Using the compilation method we collected all relevant statistical data for research, and then relied on content analysis and comparison to draw key conclusions. Also, using the compilation method we collected various media reports related to the topic. Where there was a need for additional sources we used the interview as a qualitative method, where we relied on the experience of employment agencies, as well as non-governmental organizations dealing with gender equality issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Even though numerous studies have shown that the Covid-19 pandemic had a disproportionate impact on women, our research confirms that official statistics in Bosnia and Herzegovina do not reveal that women are significantly more economically affected than men. The expressiveness of women affected by the coronavirus pandemic and the impact on their economic status was also given through regression analysis and its results. Taking into account only R Square and its indicator of 48%, which is not negligible, it shows the economic position of women before the coronavirus, but certainly during the pandemic. However, given that the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic risk improving existing gender inequalities, we also seek to remind the relevant institutions of their commitment to addressing gender inequalities in all aspects of society and achieving these goals more quickly through a gender-sensitive approach. This, therefore, further opens up opportunities for gender equality, the effectiveness of sustainable development goals, and the empowerment of women in all aspects of social, political, cultural, and economic life.
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Sokol-Hessner, Peter, and Robb B. Rutledge. "The Psychological and Neural Basis of Loss Aversion." Current Directions in Psychological Science 28, no. 1 (November 29, 2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721418806510.
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Loss aversion is a central element of prospect theory, the dominant theory of decision making under uncertainty for the past four decades, and refers to the overweighting of potential losses relative to equivalent gains, a critical determinant of risky decision making. Recent advances in affective and decision neuroscience have shed new light on the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underlying loss aversion. Here, integrating disparate literatures from the level of neurotransmitters to subjective reports of emotion, we propose a novel neural and computational framework that links norepinephrine to loss aversion and identifies a distinct role for dopamine in risk taking for rewards. We also propose that loss aversion specifically relates to anticipated emotions and aspects of the immediate experience of realized gains and losses but not their long-term emotional consequences, highlighting an underappreciated temporal structure. Finally, we discuss challenges to loss aversion and the relevance of loss aversion to understanding psychiatric disorders. Refining models of loss aversion will have broad consequences for the science of decision making and for how we understand individual variation in economic preferences and psychological well-being across both healthy and psychiatric populations.
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Firmansyah, Yohanes, and Imam Haryanto. "Psycho-Socio-Juridic Review Of Lockdown And Work From Home Policies On Psychological Symptoms In Productive Groups And Strategic Solutions Of National Economy." Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 4, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 531–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v4i2.1347.
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Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on all strategic aspects of human life. The influential aspects are the health, economic and socio-cultural. The Covid-19 pandemic creates a dilemma for the Government to find the best way to benefit from various sectors efficiently. One of them is the implementation of lockdown and work from home to reduce the spread of Covid-19, but this has an impact on the emergence of various psychological disorders and the balance of the economic balance which tends to be negative. The focus of this research is to reveal the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown and Work From Home policies on psychological symptoms and to find the best alternative solutions in terms of the economic sector. This research consists of 2 main parts, namely survey research and research that examines the problems based on sociology with qualitative methods with the type of normative juridical research. The results of this study reveal that during the Covid-19 pandemic period caused a 39.1% incidence of insomnia, 12.1% incidence of depression, and 26.3% incidence of anxiety from various levels. Still, there was no strong relationship and correlation between existing policies such as Work From Home, income, layoffs, spiritual, psychological symptoms. A literature review reveals the most effective way to bridge these three aspects (health, economy, and psychology) is by applying the form of shifting or taking turns by dividing into a minimum of 2 teams, namely a minimum of 14 days of work and a minimum of 14 days for independent isolation at home.
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Pike, Alison, Alessandra C. Iervolino, Thalia C. Eley, Thomas S. Price, and Robert Plomin. "Environmental risk and young children’s cognitive and behavioral development." International Journal of Behavioral Development 30, no. 1 (January 2006): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025406062124.
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Using a longitudinal, large-scale sample of British twins, we addressed the prediction of both cognitive abilities and behavioral adjustment from eight domains of environmental risk: minority status, socio-economic status, maternal medical factors, twin medical factors, maternal depression, chaos within the home environment, and parental feelings towards their children and discipline. Participants included 5765 families with twins (49.1% male) born in 1994 and 1995. Aspects of environmental risk were assessed from birth until the children’s third birthdays; outcome measures were assessed at their fourth birthdays. Overall prediction of outcome (via multiple regression analysis) was moderate (R = .23 -.48). SES and chaos were the strongest predictors for the cognitive outcomes whereas for total behavior problems the more proximal parenting factors were also dominant. Future analyses will investigate these environmental risk indicators in the context of the genetically sensitive twin design.
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Louhichi, Rim, Jacques Pelletan, and Mohamed Sallak. "Application of Prospect Theory in the Context of Predictive Maintenance Optimization Based on Risk Assessment." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 11748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211748.
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The optimization of predictive maintenance relies mainly on the reduction of costs and risks, which can be of various types. The evaluation of risks cannot be realized independently of the psychology state and cognitive knowledge of the decision maker. In this article, we demonstrate this through the proposal of a methodology that tackles both optimization of maintenance and estimation of failure risks at the same time. The methodology takes as input the remaining useful life of the system at instant t and determines the optimal inspection step and the threshold of remaining useful life for predictive maintenance. The originality of the methodology consists of using a theory inspired by behavioral economics called prospect theory. Prospect theory allows modeling the outcome of a decision making by considering several aspects related to the decision maker, mainly loss aversion and a tendency to overestimate events with low probability of occurrence but with high economic losses. A case study was then developed where both cases were considered: with prospect theory and without prospect theory. A sensitivity analysis of the results under variation of some input parameters was carried out in a final step to confirm the consistency of the results and show the interest of prospect theory.
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Åström, Therese, Martin Bergström, Kickan Håkansson, Ann Kristine Jonsson, Christian Munthe, Ingegerd Wirtberg, Johanna Wiss, and Knut Sundell. "Treatment Foster Care Oregon for Delinquent Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Research on Social Work Practice 30, no. 4 (December 26, 2019): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731519890394.
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Purpose: To examine the effects of Treatment Foster Care on youth with serious behavior problems. Method: Included studies are controlled trials with high or medium quality, published between 1990 and September 2017. The control group consists of youth with serious behavior problems in group care, and the follow-up time was at least 12 months. The review also examines ethical and economic aspects. Results: A total of eight controlled studies were included, consisting of 633 young people and 55 effect sizes. All studies examined the same model, Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO). There is moderate certainty of evidence that TFCO reduces the risk of future criminal behavior and the number of days in locked settings. Furthermore, there is low certainty of evidence that TFCO reduces the risk of delinquent peer associations, drug use, and depression. Discussion: TFCO is to be preferred to group care for youth with serious behavior problems. Ethical and economic implications are discussed.
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Yates, Simeon, and Eleanor Lockley. "Social Media and Social Class." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 9 (May 4, 2018): 1291–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218773821.
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Background:This article explores the relationship between social class and social media use and draws on the work of Pierre Bourdieu in examining class in terms of social, economic, and cultural capital. The article starts from a prior finding that those who predominantly only use social media formed a higher proportion of Internet users from lower socioeconomic groups. Data: The article draws on data from two nationally representative U.K. surveys, the OfCom (Office of Communications) Media Literacy Survey ( n ≈ 1,800 per annum) and the Department of Digital, Culture, Media and Sport’s Taking Part Survey ( n ≈ 10,000 per annum). Methods: Following Yates, Kirby, and Lockley, five types of Internet behavior and eight types of Internet user are identified utilizing principal components analysis and k-means clustering. These Internet user types are then examined against measures of social, economic, and cultural capital. Data on forms of cultural consumption and digital media use are examined using multiple correspondence analysis. Findings: The article concludes that forms of digital media use are in correspondence with other social, cultural, and economic aspects of social class status and contemporary social systems of distinction.
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Shandrivska, Oksana, and A. Kira. "Applied aspects of design market research on marketing basis." Management and Entrepreneurship in Ukraine: the stages of formation and problems of development 2022, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/smeu2022.01.177.
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The Ukrainian market of graphic design, which belongs to the sphere of creative industries, demonstrates high rates of development. The derivative nature of commercial demand for graphic design services, including professional design services, is determined by the dominance of video content in the network, the introduction of innovative technologies through digitalization of virtual space in the formation of social media feeds, loyal attitude of the target audience to integrate advertising, personalized and relevant offer active development of stock image, video and music platforms. The total amount of taxes paid by the design industry during 2016-2018 amounted to UAH 259 million. In 2019-2020, the amount of taxes paid by this sector will increase one and a half to two times a year. The individualization of advertising appeals has led to the need for in-depth study of the content and characteristics of attributes and values of goods that influence consumer purchasing decisions by marketers, designers and other professionals in related fields. A separate area of research is to study the impact of the psychology of design decisions on increasing the loyalty of end users and increase sales of companies in the sector. The application of a customer-oriented approach in the Ukrainian graphic design sector actualizes the identification of the tasks facing design from the standpoint of marketing approach. The aim of the study is to present the results of the study on the impact of psychological aspects of design decisions on the effectiveness of customer companies through such marketing tools as increasing brand awareness, increasing loyalty of end users, deepening interaction with content, feedback and more. Graphic design is an integral part of industrial and trade policy, as well as one of the marketing tools used in the process of product creation and customer service, pricing, advertising, branding, merchandising and more. The main tasks of design stem from the mastery of basic psychological principles in creating the concept of design (von Restorf effect, Gestalt principles, visceral reaction, color psychology, psychology of form, double coding theory, cognitive load theory). The expansion of marketing areas of design in the practice of service providers has led in the largest cities of Ukraine to the formation of sustainable design communities, the beginning of professional design activities, the introduction of niche publications, public procurement and more. As a result, there is an increase in the capacity of the design market – the total cost of procurement of design services for the period 2016 – by August 2019 increased to UAH 62 million. It has been established that the biggest competitors in the market of graphic design of Ukraine are now the design agency «MUZIKA.UA», graphic design studio SHANKA; Bypaul design studio; BRANDME; Wezom; Marat and Abordazh. On the example of projects of the agency «MUZIKA.UA», a leader in the design market, analyzed the effectiveness of design decisions in terms of: brand awareness, by measuring the average website traffic, levels of interaction with content, sales growth and market share due to design solutions per month. Based on the study of the economic situation in the design market of Ukraine, the practical involvement in the market of graphic design of one of the authors allowed to identify the main problems of market development. By identifying the main problems of the development of the graphic design market, directions for solving problems have been formed and proposed for practical use. The intensification of intra-industry competition requires a study of the levels of concentration in the target markets of graphic design, taking into account the risks of marketing and financial activities, which should be the subject of a separate study.
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Ratele, K. "The Interior Life of Mtutu: Psychological Fact or Fiction?" South African Journal of Psychology 35, no. 3 (September 2005): 555–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630503500310.
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This article seeks to understand the routes to, and pasts, possibilities and forms of, the interior world of the African or black person in its relations to the politics and economy of superiority and separation. The world that is explored is primarily sexual, and therefore, incorporates embodied life, but of necessity widens to include affective, cognitive, and purposeful aspects. In the face of the scarcity of scholarly psychological literature in the area of the intimate lives of black individuals, particularly when seen against the backcloth of colonial and apartheid arrangements, the article begins by arguing for the importance of turning to other, imaginative, sources for help in trying to comprehend African interiors. It then turns to meanings of intimacy on which interiority is indexed, going on to discuss the notion in relation to the social, political and economic history of South Africa, while taking in the notion of soul along the way. Next, the interest of colonial and apartheid regimes in intimacy is traced, showing that this interest stretched beyond interpersonal relations to the very calculus of discrimination and domination. The article concludes by urging African scholars to take black inner life a little more seriously and without abandoning creativity, still locating such efforts within radical and ethical theoretical frameworks.
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Илькевич, Сергей, Sergey Ilkevich, Вера Шлапак, and Vera Shlapak. "The Interdisciplinary Approach to Crisis Management: Recent Trends in International Studies." Servis Plus 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2014): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2797.
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Despite the fact that crisis management both in terms of the nature of knowledge required and approaches used is largely a synthesis of various disciplines, interdisciplinary aspects and the relationships do not receive sufficient attention. International literature of recent years allows a somewhat broader look at a number of both theoretical and practical aspects of crisis management in a wider context of topics and disciplines. A thorough multi-disciplinary approach to crisis management could be an important part of both the domestic research and training, and practice in the field of crisis management. This article reviews some of the most important interdisciplinary connections of crisis management with risk management, corporate governance, macroeconomic shocks, the concepts of stakeholders and corporate social responsibility, information technology, new institutional economic theory, and a number of concepts from sociology and psychology. The list of categories, models, individual concepts and theories of different subject areas which are closely interrelated with crisis management, according to international researchers, is quite long. In connection with the problems of crisis management this paper considers integrated risk management, holistic risk management, COSO-approach, moral hazard, the abuse of information asymmetry, opportunism, adverse selection, bounded rationality, the propagation model of bankruptcies depending on macroeconomic factors, the models of the influence of international integration and globalization on the dynamics of bankruptcies, epidemic models in crisis management, the sociological concept of disaster management, stakeholder theory of crisis management, the concept of reputation damage of crises, high-frequency trading in financial instruments, and the concepts of organizational learning and organizational storytelling. These and other interdisciplinary concepts serve as a book of recipes that can be applied with varying degrees of relevance to various crises in a company. It is plausible to assume that, other things being equal, crisis management, using an interdisciplinary arsenal, will be more effective and adaptive than the more limited approach based solely on the core of crisis management: economic analysis, legal regulation, management and marketing basics.
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Loginov, Igor, and Sergey Savin. "Geoinformation systems in population analysis of the distribution of depressive disorders in Khabarovsk." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 3 (2020): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-3-26-39-52.
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The research is devoted to the use of modern geoinformation technologies for the analysis of spatial medical and demographic data. On the example of the medical and ecological geoinformation system (MEGIS) of Khabarovsk the possibilities of geoinformation technologies in the study of the spread of depressive disorders in a large city and the analysis of cause-and-effect relationships between this disease and some socio-economic factors are shown. The features of mathematical support of MEGIS necessary for population epidemiological analysis are considered. The possibilities of using correlation-regression and cluster-discriminant analysis for these purposes are shown. At the stage of the initial manifestation of symptoms of depression, statistically significant binary risk factors for depressive disorders were established, which were used in the diagnostic questionnaire. Developed complex recognition, classification and predictive models on the individual level, to assess the risk of developing depressive disorders and to predict the potential severity of the disease. At the population level, risk groups for depressive disorders in patients who have suffered depressive episodes in childhood should be formed. Based on the results of multi-level GIS and classification and predictive modeling based on individual clinical dynamically, socio-psychological, transcultural and environmental health risk factors formulated practical recommendations to improve the prevention of depressive disorders. The study of clinical and pathodynamic, socio-psychological, transcultural and medico-ecological aspects of non-psychotic depressive disorders with the use of geoinformation systems was carried out for the prevention of depression and mental health stabilization of the region population. The results of this research can be used by specialists in geoinformation systems, medical demography, medical psychology and social psychiatry, sociology, psychiatry, psychology and family medicine, conflictology, information modeling and system analysis in health care.
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Girardi, Paolo, Luca Bonanni, Georgios D. Kotzalidis, Federica Fiaschè, and Antonio Del Casale. "Evolution of International Psychiatry." Psychiatry International 1, no. 1 (September 14, 2020): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint1010004.
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International psychiatry is currently facing serious challenges triggered by the global economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. These global events lead to the need to broaden our nosographic and therapeutic horizons, and to make use of the newest psychological approaches and the latest neuroscience acquisitions. The focus should be on the psychological consequences of the pandemic, not only on people suffering from mental disorders, but also on the general population, for which the risk of developing psychic symptoms appears to be increased. A population that needs special attention is that of health workers involved in the management of the pandemic. In facing these problems, psychiatry today can use numerous new clinical applications and technologies in the fields of precision medicine. These include genomics, neuroimaging, and microbiomics, which can also be integrated with each other through machine learning systems. They can provide new contributions both in treatment personalization and in the evolution of nosographic systems. Besides this, the contribution of psychotherapies and dynamic and clinical psychology appears to be indispensable for a complete understanding of the clinical and personological aspects of patients. This journal aims to include innovative studies deriving from original, clinical, and basic research in the fields of mental health, precision psychiatry, genomics, neuroimaging, neuropsychopharmacology, and dynamic and clinical psychology.
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Schintler, Laurie, Amanda Root, and Kenneth Button. "Women’s Travel Patterns and the Environment: An Agenda for Research." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1726, no. 1 (January 2000): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1726-05.
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Demographic change, new family structures, and concerns about personal safety are contributing to a growing use of motorized transportation by women. The increasing importance of women as travelers has implications for the ways in which transportation policy must be reviewed in an era when sustainable development has become a key issue. An appreciation of the particular nature of women’s travel behavior, and their designed behavior, could facilitate an easier path to sustainability. The travel patterns, needs, and psychology of women are examined, as well as the influence of these patterns and behavior on efforts to promote sustainable development. Women’s travel patterns differ in important ways from those of men. In particular, gender differences arise in ( a) the distance traveled, ( b) the mode of travel, and ( c) the complexity and purpose of trip making. The particular psychology of women contributes to these patterns. In comparison with men, women tend to be prone to ambivalent feelings, but their analysis of these feelings can prompt leaps in thought and creative solutions to problems. In addition, women are more risk averse than men. Risk aversion may affect women’s travel decisions—for example, when security is a concern. Changes in the economy also are placing new demands and constraints on women, their lives, and their travel patterns. Future research on women and transportation should focus on the psychological aspects of women’s travel, the special travel needs and circumstances of women, and the influence of changing economic conditions on women’s travel patterns and the environment.
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Kazlauskiene, Jurgita, Alvydas Navickas, Sigita Lesinskiene, and Giedre Bulotiene. "Risk factors for suicide in cancer patients and preventive measures: a literature review." Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 24, no. 4 (December 16, 2022): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/app/152776.
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The aim of the study is to identify the main risk factors for suicide and review aspects of suicide prevention. Evidence shows that suicide is higher among cancer patients than in the general population. Lithuania has been in a leading position in suicides worldwide. It is very important to care about cancer patients’ emotional status because advances in health care offer great promise for patients’ physical health. Material and methods: This review was conducted using data sources from the PubMed electronic bibliography published over the past ten years. Articles were selected using the keywords “the risk factors”, “suicides”, and “the patients with cancer”. After selection, seventy-two articles were suitable for the analysis. Results and discussion: The main suicide risk factor was depression; a less frequent factor was other mental pathology. Symptoms such as pain, weakness and decreased physical capacity play an important role in the risk of suicide. Suicide was also affected by the localization of the tumour; a short time elapsed since diagnosis was also important. As in the general population, social, economic, and demographic factors such as male gender, loneliness, age, and low income are important risk factors for suicide among cancer patients. Conclusion: To reduce the risk of suicide in cancer patients, it is appropriate to create a united, practice-friendly suicide risk assessment system and develop psychoeducational training and psychological assistance for medical staff and family members.
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B.M., Ubaydullayeva. "CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILD SOCIALIZATION IN UZBEK FAMILY IN MINDON VILLAGE." Journal of Central Asian Social Studies 02, no. 03 (May 31, 2021): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/jcass/volume02issue03-a10.
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The study of child socialization is one of the current problems of ethnology. Because through the upbringing of a child, one can learn a lot about the lifestyle, spiritual outlook, psychological image and socio-economic history of the people. This article aims to study the features of child socialization in a modern Uzbek village on the example of a village. The information in the article was collected during the author's expeditions to the village of Mindon in 2012-2014. Research methods: direct observation, in-depth interview-based interviews and questionnaires. Theoretically, it was based on T. Parsons' structural functional theory on the study of socialization [26, p.58]. In this theory, the family is shown as the first major stage of socialization. The study shows that the traditional method of upbringing in the family depends on the lifestyle of the people and is based on the experience of the people in child psychology, taking into account the mental and physical aspects of the mother from pregnancy to childbirth and adolescence. The data presented in the study can be used to study the culture, ethnography, spiritual and moral characteristics of the Uzbek people and to theoretically enrich such areas as ethnopsychology, ethnopedagogy, gender socialization, sociology of education.
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B.M., Ubaydullaeva. "Traditions Of Child Raising In Uzbek Rural Family." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 03, no. 06 (June 8, 2021): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume03issue06-13.
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The study of the issue of child socialization is one of the current problems of ethnology. Because through the upbringing of children, one can learn a lot about the lifestyle, spiritual outlook, psychological image and socio-economic history of the people. This article aims to study the features of child socialization in a modern Uzbek village on the example of a village. The information in the article was collected during the author's expeditions to the village of Mindon in 2012-2014. Research methods: direct observation, in-depth interview-based interviews and questionnaires. Theoretically, it was based on T. Parsons' structural functional theory on the study of socialization [26, p.58.]. In this theory, the family is shown as the first major stage of socialization. The study shows that the traditional method of upbringing in the family depends on the lifestyle of the people and is based on the experience of the people in child psychology, taking into account the mental and physical aspects of the mother from pregnancy to childbirth and adulthood. The data presented in the study can be used to study the culture, ethnography, spiritual and moral characteristics of the Uzbek people and to theoretically enrich such areas as ethnopsychology, ethnopedagogy, gender socialization, sociology of education.
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Walsh, Susan. "““Arithmetic of Bedlam!!””: Markets and Manhood in Charles Reade's Hard Cash." Nineteenth-Century Literature 63, no. 1 (June 1, 2008): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2008.63.1.1.
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Abstract In Charles Reade's underread sensation novel Hard Cash (1863), the hero is imprisoned in an insane asylum so that his father's fiscal crimes may remain concealed. The exposéé of asylum abuse that follows this development, together with Reade's fierce critique of how committal laws may be exploited by unscrupulous others, has understandably foregrounded the lunacy plot as the novel's defining feature. This essay, however, presents an economic reading that examines how the lunacy thread extends from the title Hard Cash, which announces the novel's theme. The Cash in question is a coveted and surprisingly mobile sum of money, ££14,000, whose nominal amount and vicissitudes reflect aspects of the larger Victorian economy. It is the ““one point”” toward which action and interests converge. Hard Cash captures a structure of feeling at mid-century, a sense of what it feels like to be an economic man, rendering modern consciousness in melodramatic and sensational modes. By literalizing idioms of anxiety and assaulting male characters with relentless reversals of fortune, Reade dramatizes how economic pressures shape the hero's psychology, behavior, and conception of heroic manliness, fashioning him into a modern subject suited to the commercial age. The examples of madness in Hard Cash extend far beyond the hero's case, and are rooted in financial realities that include unreliable monetary instruments, panic-stricken markets, speculative fevers, and perennial debates about risk, credit, and the nature of money.
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Tripathy, Dr Tridibesh, Shankar Das, and Dr Manjushree Kar. "Long COVID 19 & Homoeopathy." Saudi Journal of Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 29, 2022): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2022.v07i01.014.
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Since the late 2019, the COVID 19 has had a series of illnesses in patients who had an attack of infection. These symptoms exist in patients even long after the recovery phase. These are called the long COVID syndromes. The current article examines the contribution of Homoeopathy to deal with these long COVID issues. The article traces the syndrome in its major forms & its implications on other aspects of the body. Thereafter, it deals with the subject of the changing face of the pattern of symptoms through the dimension of how, why, when, where and whom of these patterns. Following that the burden of the long COVID is explained through the social & economic impacts that it has exerted while perpetuating poverty. Taking cue from one of the elaborate & established books in the Homoeopathic world, it deals with what Homoeopathy had offered, is offering & the potential to offer in the future to deal with this long COVID pandemic.
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Varfolomeev, A. A., O. P. Ivanov, I. V. Surma, and Yu A. Trefilova. "Russian System of Foreign Policy Expertise." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 266–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-5-74-266-292.
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Abstract: The article considers the system of foreign policy expertise as an independent subject of research. The authors note the positive aspects of competitive analysis of the external nvironment, which allows one to level out the asymmetry of political and economic cultures within a given country, as well as to smooth out the personal interests. This ensures a variability of approaches in foreign policy decision-making, which ultimately contributes to the promotion of balanced national interests. The North American approach differs in preferences, methodological trends, forms of theoretical ethnocentrism and various forms of social construction. The European scholars and experts in foreign policy analysis use the theory of international relations much more extensively than their North American counterparts.Based on the analysis, we propose to use a comprehensive integrated method, developed in the Russian Diplomatic Academy, using an interdisciplinary approach based on elements of political psychology, sociology of management, international law, structural, functional and institutional approaches, etc. We also propose to use virtual cognitive centers and methodologies, which not only contain a specific sequence of stages of predicting the development of the international situation, but also provide an opportunity to choose methods of Foresight, taking into account the existing time, human resources and financial constraints, and the possibility of their adaptation to the applied tasks of analytical and prognostic activities of federal authorities in the field of foreign policy.
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Badea, Dorel, and Dumitru Iancu. "Rationality and Subjectivity in Preliminary Analysis of Acquisition Options of Technical Systems." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2018-0040.
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Abstract Modeling the acquisition decision and, consequently, managing the capabilities of technical systems involves multiple options that need to be optimized first, based on universal constraints such as time, quality, cost, etc. The criterion of use (private or institutional), according to which analyzes can evolve differently, is also important. Regardless of the way in which these considerations are taken, there is always a difference of approach given by the quantitative and / or qualitative tools used but also by biases, heuristics and mindsets. The article analyzes succinctly, on an example of calculation (based on a matrix used in the theory of decision to evaluate the different alternatives made available, when we have a basic model to be referred to), the universe of these analytical modalities, underlining the idea of making analyzes using a maximum level of objectivity and minimizing as much as possible subjectivism. It has been chosen as a way of applying the field of procurement of technical systems with the possibility of highlighting as many aspects as possible on the decisional criteria. Critical analysis of the robustness of the choices made by the human factor as a rational decision-maker is presented, as it is seen in the classical economic theory, but taking into account the limitations highlighted by modern theories in the fields of psychology and information theory
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Fomina, Valentina Fedorovna. "Sustainability-window based social, ecological and economic sustainability of a northern region." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Экономика» = Perm University Herald. ECONOMY 17, no. 2 (2022): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9960-2022-2-197-220.
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A review of the scientific literature and other materials related to sustainable development and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals at the national level shows that there is a need to take into account all aspects of sustainable development: environmental, social, economic. In this regard, monitoring and measuring the sustainability of the development of regional social, ecological and economic systems, the pace of change, determining the vector of development of the main components and their relationship are of high relevance. The analysis revealed the methodology of sustainable development window (SuWi) applied for an integral assessment of the social, ecological and economic sustainability of the northern region. This methodology takes into account the principles of sustainable development to the greatest extent. Methodology’s scope is to determine the parameters of minimum and maximum economic development, highlight the GDPmin – GDPmax interval (or a sustainability window), which helps economic development meet the criteria of social and environmental sustainability. The parameters of the window’s minimum level are determined by social criteria, while the window’s the maximum level – by environmental ones. The sustainability window scope is defined as follows: an analytical database (2007–2019) of the northern region (Komi Republic) is compiled in economic, social and environmental dimensions; assessment criteria (indicators) for the main components of sustainable development are reasoned; their index relative to the base year is assessed (in absolute value and intensity); the lower and upper limits of the stability window are defined by calculation and graphical methods, the window’s integral width is found taking into account all indicators. SuWi analysis of social sustainability showed that “wages” and “life expectancy at birth” out of the five indicators correspond to the minimum level of economic growth. At the same time, it should be noted that since 2017, economic performance decline has been a constraining factor for the region’s social development in terms of these indicators as well. The authors arrive at the conclusion that the situation in the development of the northern region is unfavorable, primarily in the social sphere due to the long-term decline in the gross regional product (which is below its baseline since 2014), which requires enhanced economic growth. The study gives valuable results in sustainability-window based social, ecological and economic sustainability analysis, which makes the study relevant. The methodology of the sustainable development window can be built into the management decisions system for the respective authorities. In the future, research should be focused on improving the economic stability of the region, conducting an in-depth analysis of the possibilities aimed to overcome the recession identified in this paper.
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Nagra, Baljit, and Paula Maurutto. "No-Fly Lists, National Security and Race: The Experiences of Canadian Muslims." British Journal of Criminology 60, no. 3 (November 20, 2019): 600–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz066.
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Abstract Despite the increasing use of no-fly lists in countries like the United States, United Kingdom and Canada, their impact has not been explored in academic research. In a bid to fill this gap, we conducted 70 in-depth interviews with Muslim community leaders to explore Canadian Muslims’ experience of the no-fly list. We find the Canadian no-fly list targets Muslim communities, restricts mobility, separates individuals from family and friends, diminishes professional and economic opportunities, and stigmatizes those labelled a security risk. Drawing on the preventive security literature and critical race studies of counter-terrorism, this research demonstrates how no-fly lists erode fundamental aspects of justice, and reproduce racial hierarchies.
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Friedman, Sharon M., Kara Villamil, Robyn A. Suriano, and Brenda P. Egolf. "Alar and apples: newspapers, risk and media responsibility." Public Understanding of Science 5, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/5/1/001.
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During 1989, a major environmental and health risk issue, the spraying of Alar on apples, created a furor among the American people. After hearing charges from the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) that eating Alar-laden apples significantly increased a child's risk of developing cancer, numbers of school districts dropped apples from their menus and parents poured apple juice down the drains. Apple sales plummeted. The NRDC's charges, which were disseminated by a well-planned and effective public relations campaign, brought counter-charges from the US Environmental Protection Agency, which accused the NRDC of basing its study on poor data, among other things. The core of the dispute was in the risk figures and risk interpretations being used by each organization. This study reviewed coverage in 13 newspapers during 1989 of the Alar issue. It found good and bad aspects, but little to support the degree of criticism applied by many people to media coverage of Alar. The 13 newspapers produced a total of 297 articles during the year and were not sensational in their approach. Many played the story in the prime news sections, alerting people to possible problems as suggested in most interpretations of media responsibility. Many articles also included a large number of sources and gave the apple industry a prominent voice. More problematic was their treatment of the Alar story as a hard news event, with short, superficial articles that lacked detailed analysis of the central part of the controversy—the risk issues. Four newspapers from apple-growing regions provided generally better coverage of the issue than did those from non-apple regions. The Alar issue has become a major landmark in media coverage of risk. The coverage had great economic and other repercussions that still continue. These newspapers would have been more responsible had they made health risk information more central in their coverage. Instead, reporters covered the conflict itself instead of the science behind the conflict. The study suggests a new model of risk reporting to better serve readers and viewers.
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Jaeger, Thomas. "Juxtaposed to ACTA or more of the Same? A Look at IP Enforcement under the EUs Economic Partnership Agreements." European Foreign Affairs Review 17, Issue 3 (August 1, 2012): 411–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2012032.
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Global intellectual property (IP) enforcement is a hot issue. The EU and the US, in particular, are committed to taking the level of protection beyond the minimum established by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) in 1994.This is evidenced, for example, by the EU's Global IP Enforcement Strategy of 2004, by the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) finalized in 2010 and by a number of bi- and plurilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) concluded in recent years. Some criticism has been voiced in civil society as well as in academic writing against this TRIPS-plus drive, particularly in relation to ACTA. In the context of EU-ACP trade relations, the EU has now drawn up a special kind of FTA, the so-called Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). Designed for developing countries, EPAs include a range of non-mercantilist goals. In accordance with this, EPAs were announced as the dawn of a new era in trade relations with developing countries. This article takes the controversial field of IP enforcement as an example for scrutinizing that new approach. As will be shown, a comparison of their rules on IP enforcement to standard IP enforcement provisions of a purely economic character, prominently the EU's domestic legislation, ACTA and general FTAs, sadly hints that any enthusiasm over EPAs in terms of development-friendliness may be premature. IP enforcement under EPAs lacks conceptual coherence and credibility in the implementation of development-related goals. This analysis is pinned against the background of a discussion of the overall role and effects of enforcement provisions in international trade agreements at the beginning and in the conclusion of this article.
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Vakhidova, Lucia V., Elvira M. Gabitova, Lira R. Saitova, and Oksana G. Startseva. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM «PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION»: EXPERIENCE, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT." Pedagogicheskiy Zhurnal Bashkortostana 88, no. 3 (2020): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21510/1817-3292-2020-88-3-55-67.
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The article describes the process of training future specialists under the program "Professional education", its features, conditions for implementation, aspects of further development, as well as some of the difficulties that arise during its organization. The focus of the department on how to create a new architecture of the educational process within the program "Professional education" is set by the leading principles: modularity, integrability, flexibility and dynamism, and methodological approaches - competence, activity-based, subject-oriented, environmental – were the basis for its development. As a result the authors presented a model for training a modern specialist with formed professional skills and personal and professional qualities, capable of being in demand in the labor market. The research results can be used in the educational process in the context of how to implement relevant programs in accordance with the new requirements in the educational services market. The rapid technologization of the socio-economic development of our society was reflected in the system of vocational education, designed to prepare highly qualified and competent specialists for the modern economy, science and industry. The transformation of the educational sphere is taking place under the influence of new technologies and human practices that change the social order. The determined infrastructural spheres have the greatest impact on this transformation, we are talking about "Communication Infrastructure": the sphere of information and communication technologies that affect all processes of accumulation and transmission of information; "Infrastructure of production and consumption": a financial and investment sphere, which sets the general rules for interaction in the economic and educational system. The above said made it possible to determine the further vector of educational activities of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Vocational Education in training the specialists in "Professional Education" field both at the bachelor and master degrees.
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Smadych, I. P. "HOUSING POLICY OF A BIG CITY: SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS (RESEARCH ON THE EXAMPLE OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK)." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 81 (December 7, 2020): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-81-42-51.
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Abstract. This article is devoted to the study of the topical problem of qualitative accounting of socio-psychological conditions of human life in residential architecture, namely in the policy of forming the urban environment. The task of this study can be realized by analyzing the regulatory framework, namely, strategies for the socio-economic and spatial development of cities in parts related to housing construction, housing and communal policy, general planning and territorial principles of city development. Systematization and comparison of this information made it possible to single out the factors influencing the formation of design solutions and development in the city. Another important link in this study is the systematization of factors influencing the solution of the problems of forming a living environment. The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of socio-psychological requirements for environmental comfort in the context of housing policy in large cities. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the following tasks were formed: to streamline the system of socio-psychological factors and methods of their accounting in substantiating the housing policy of urban space; to analyze the socio-economic and spatial development strategies of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk for the last 5 years and sectoral documents of the architectural and construction sector and housing policy; to highlight the factors that underlie the formation of housing policy in Ivano-Frankivsk, to develop recommendations for taking into account the psychological aspects of society in the formation of housing policy in cities. The materials of this study are the aging of the socio-economic and spatial development of Ivano-Frankivsk for the last 5 years, as well as industry documents where the prospects for the development of the housing industry and housing policy are formed. The source base of the study to characterize the factors influencing the formation of the city's residential policy are scientific works on psychology, sociology, architectural sociology and public administration. The main research methods of this article are the method of factorial comparison. The methods of group comparison, and the graphical-analytical method of creating a structural model of factors and determining the place, as well as the role of socio-psychological factors in this model, were also used.
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Zlokazov, K. V., M. N. Latu, and Y. R. Tagiltseva. "Influence of Identity on Extremist Attitudes Formation: An Empirical Study (Psychological and Linguistic Approach)." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 79 (2021): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267080/79/9.
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The article discusses and empirically studies the influence of identity on the level of extremist attitudes formation among the representatives of different age groups, taking into account the results of linguistic analysis. The significance of studying the determinants of extremism is stated and discussed. The modern theories of extremist behavior are analyzed. The contemporary points of view on the motivation of extremist actions are determined and compared; the characteristics of the extremist motive and its content are described. The social, economic and psychological reasons that stand behind extremism are described. The direc-tions and areas of psychological research of extremist attitudes are considered. The role of identity in the formation of extremist attitudes is noted, the need for an empirical study of various aspects of identity in order to identify the level of radicalization is substantiated. The article describes the procedure of empirical research of extremist attitudes based on a sampling of different age groups (n = 950). We establish the influence of such parameter as certainty of identity on fanatic and nationalistic attitudes. During the research we used self-reporting methods. Statistical analysis is performed using descriptive statistics methods, such as ANOVA, MANOVA. We also describe the results of the linguistic and cognitive analysis of the addresser's identity representation and his ideas about the identity of the addressee in multicode conflict-provoking texts in correlation with the empirical research data. The results of statistical analysis show specific differences in the determination of extremist attitudes and views by the identity. It was defined that the uncertainty of identity contributes to the formation of fanatical attitudes, potentially influencing the development of religious extremism. The results of self- and social identity on creating nationalist attitude differ a lot. The research reveals specific features of creating fanatical mindset at various age periods, as well as its adjacency with social identification. Constructing a certain social identity, as evidenced by our results, leads to an increase in fanatical attitudes from low to average level.
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Džuka, Jozef, Zuzana Klučárová, and Peter Babinčák. "Covid-19 in Slovakia: Economic, social and psychological factors of subjective well-being and depressive symptoms during a pandemic." Ceskoslovenska psychologie 65, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51561/cspsych.65.2.125.
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Objectives and hypotheses. It was expected that income and its rate of deterioration as an economic factor, insufficient opportunities to talk to others and subjective feelings of isolation as social variables, and worries about income impairment, worries related to Covid-19, low tolerance of uncertainty, rumination, and catastrophizing as psychological variables, will reduce the frequency of positive experiencing, increase the frequency of negative experiencing and the number of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, personal belief in a just world and a positive reappraisal were expected to positively affect the research variables. Sample and settings. The online data collection was carried out at the end of April 2020 at the peak of the number of people affected by the disease in Slovakia. It was a stratified selection of N = 1108 persons, taking into account the proportional representation of persons from the territory of the whole republic. Statistical analysis. Variable relationships were tested using PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares – SEM). This procedure was preferred for three reasons: the exploratory nature of complex models, the predictive orientation of models, and the measurement of multiple variables with one-item questioning. Results. Three predictors out of 16 tested had a positive relationship to the frequency of positive experiencing as an affective component of subjective well-being – subjectively assessed health, personal belief in a just world, and a positive reappraisal; rumination was in a negative relationship. Six predictors were related to the frequency of negative experiencing as an affective component of subjective well-being and to symptoms of depression – in addition to the four mentioned above, it was age and worries about income impairment: with higher age, the frequency of negative experiencing and the number of depressive symptoms decreased, and a positive relation had also variables: subjective assessment of health, personal belief in a just world and a positive reappraisal. Worries about income impairment and rumination had a relationship to the frequency of negative experiencing and depressive symptoms. Study limitations. Cross sectional research did not provide information on changes in the affective component of subjective well-being and depressive symptoms of the Slovak population as a result of the pandemic, as the obtained data could not be compared with the results of the same participants from the period before the pandemic. Although this research can be considered representative in several aspects, the validity of the findings is limited by the fact that no specific groups were included in the sample – e.g. the most vulnerable groups were medical staff and the elderly over 70 years of age. Also, those who were ill or suspected of having Covid-19 were excluded from the analysis. Finally, data collection via the Internet presupposes a certain standard of living of respondents.
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Shahwani, Hamdiya Muhammad, Wissal Abdullah Hussein, and Alaa Nabeel Al-Heali. "A Study of the Health and Nutritional Status of Slums in the City of Baghdad Case Study in a Random Area." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v12i2.201056.
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In this research we shed light on the nature of the relationship between the random housing areas and the health and nutritional reality of the residents of those areas, taking one of the random areas in the outskirts of Baghdad city as a field of research, specifically in the Al-Rashid area / as random housing (outside the law) was established behind each of the Al-Rashid clinic Model and High School Protectors. The research team prepared a questionnaire that included a set of questions, which were sent to a random sample of residents of that region, to seek their views on the health and nutritional conditions in which they live, as this research is concerned with the health and nutritional aspects of the residents of slums. Simple statistical programs were used to calculate percentages and prepare graphs. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the phenomenon of slums has started in Iraq several decades ago, in a limited manner, but it rose after 2003 as a result of high population growth rates in general, and its rise in urban areas in particular, as well as multiple causes, including economic, cultural and religious And security instability, contributed to the polarization of the population towards specific cities, and the city of Baghdad is the highest in terms of the presence of random areas, as it reached about 1022 gatherings, which accounted for 27.7% of the total total of random settlements in Iraq, with a number of housing units of 136689. This research reached a set of recommendations that would address this phenomenon.
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Spitsyna, L. V. "THE SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE PROFESSIONAL DISPOSITIONS OF STUDENTS BECOMING SPECIALISTS IN PSYCHOLOGY." Ukrainian Psychological Journal, no. 2(16) (2021): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/upj.2021.2(16).9.
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Over the past year, the issue of students’ professional development is becoming one of the most important, since it largely determines the development of all spheres of society in the near future. This year, very noticeable changes were noticed in university training, associated, first of all, with the global pandemic and the transition of many educational institutions to the online format of education, as well as with significant socio-economic changes. In this regard, we can also observe changes in students’ ideas about their future professional tasks and opportunities, on their socio-psychological attitudes, career orientations and prospects. Taking into account the traditional interest in the topic of young specialists’ professional priorities, we have noted an even greater increase in interest in this topic recently. At the same time, as shown by the scientific-theoretical analysis, today we do not really have generalized works devoted to the study on social-psychological factors influencing higher education students’ professional dispositions. The aim of the research was to reveal the social-psychological features of psychology students’ professional dispositions. The approaches to the study on social-psychological aspects of the formation of students’ professional dispositions and career orientations were analyzed to achieve the aim of our research. The article also presents the results of vthe empirical study on the social-psychological characteristics of students’ professional dispositions. Based on our analysis, we have defined professional dispositions as a set of social-psychological attitudes, reflecting an individual’s readiness to perform tasks, to meet norms and prescriptions for a certain profession. Career orientations have been defined as a type of professional dispositions, which predict the trajectory of a person’s career development. There are also tendencies to group individual professional attitude and career orientations into integral professional priorities. We determined five disparate professional dispositions, which focus on: achievements; well-being of life; values of the profession; self-development, stability. In addition, there was a tendency to group individual career priorities into a respondent’s personal profile, which indicates students’ focus on high achievement. Our research also revealed possible resources that can be used by students during higher education training for coping with emotional, psychological problems, based on current professional priorities. First of all, we talk about resources of adherence to a chosen profession - orientation towards the realization of professional values, service, achievement of professional competence, self-development, achievement of high results in one’s work, as well as such personal resources as family relations, life realization - orientation towards stable life. Therefore, the further research is promising if it aim will be to deepen the understanding of the main trends in the formation of future professionals’ professional dispositions and career orientations in connection with the actual changes in the higher education system.
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Beigi, Ali Mohammad, and Virgil Zeigler-Hill. "Narcissism and Risk-Taking." Psihologijske teme 30, no. 3 (December 13, 2021): 615–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/pt.30.3.11.
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Previous research has shown that narcissism is associated with risk-taking. However, little is known about the factors that may contribute to narcissistic individuals being more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviour. The present research examined whether social worldviews would mediate the associations that specific narcissistic personality features had with risk-taking across life domains in a sample of Iranian community members (N = 489). Our results revealed that the extraverted, antagonistic, and neurotic aspects of narcissism had positive indirect associations with risk-taking in certain life domains through the competitive social worldview. These results suggest that the tendency to view the social environment as intensely competitive may play an important role in the associations that narcissistic personality features have with risk-taking in certain life domains.
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Yuliani, Isnurhadi, and Ferry Jie. "Risk perception and psychological behavior of investors in emerging market: Indonesian Stock Exchange." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 2 (August 19, 2017): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(2-2).2017.06.
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Capital market functions as a mediator between parties who have excess funds that is, investors and those who need the funds that is, emitents. Decision to sell and buy shares of a financial asset is very strategic decision for investors because it is associated with the chances of return to be earned in the future. The objective of this paper is to investigate the investor’s psychology on buying and selling common stock in the stock exchange in emerging market. The specific purpose of this research is to provide the simultaneous empirical evidence about the perception of risk, psychology aspects towards the confidence and performance. The sample consists of 100 individual investors in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia. The data were collected during March-May 2016 using questionnaire. Research findings show that perception of risk and psychology significantly affect confidence. Furthermore, confidence has a significantly positive impact on performance. This research has not been explained entirely towards the investor’s psychological behavior aspects, so the additional variable may be needed as the full reflection of investor’s psychology. The further research may use experimental study, starts from buying stocks, and factors that can be considered in selling stock.
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E Park, Katey, Annabel Sibalis, and Brittany Jamieson. "The Mental Health and Well-Being of Master’s and Doctoral Psychology Students at an Urban Canadian University." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 16 (2021): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4790.
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Aim/Purpose: Although the high rates of stress and psychological distress in graduate students has been well-documented, Canadian samples are underrepresented in the extant literature. The present study explores prevalence rates of burnout and psychological distress in a sample of psychology master’s and doctoral students at a university in a large urban Canadian city, as well as factors relating to their well-being, social support and stress. Background: There are economic and productivity setbacks stemming from high stress and mental health challenges. Burnout and psychological distress of graduate students are associated with hindered academic progress, mental and physical health challenges, and reduced productivity. Further, emotionally exhausted doctoral students are at heightened risk for non-completion of their degrees. Methodology: Sixty-two psychology graduate students completed an online survey that assessed burnout, psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms), perceived social support, collegiate sense of community, financial strain, and rank-ordered nine domains of graduate school stressors. Contribution: The present paper contributes to the body of knowledge that graduate students residing in an urban Canadian city experience high rates of burnout and psychological distress. High levels of social support outside the academe were not protective factors in mitigating burnout. Findings: Participants reported high levels of perceived social support and sense of community. However, over half (60%) of respondents met criteria for burnout, and one in three students met criteria for problematic levels of stress, anxiety, and/or depression. In a rank ordering question, “thesis, dissertation or other research”, “classwork” and “finances” ranked in the top three most stressful aspects of graduate school for respondents. Recommendations for Practitioners: Graduate students experience unique stressors related to their mental health and well-being that differ from undergraduate students and young working professionals. Mental health practitioners may be better equipped to support graduate students with knowledge of these specific factors impacting mental health and well-being. Recommendation for Researchers: Based on these findings, four areas of recommendations for psychology graduate institutions and training programs are discussed. These recommendations highlight the need for change across systemic levels and call for integrative efforts to improve wellbeing for psychology graduate students. Impact on Society: Enhancement of doctoral student well-being could contribute to long-term benefits in academia and in higher education. Future Research: The study took place before the emergence of COVID-19, which has undoubtably impacted graduate students globally. Research on student experiences during this unprecedented time is needed, as are additional supports (e.g., virtual programming to reduce social isolation; contingency plans for data collection).
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Shan, Hui, Dae-Young Ko, and Lan Wang. "Managerial Ability and Innovation Performance: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Listed Companies." Korean Accounting Information Association 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29189/kaiajfai.22.2.1.
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[Purpose] Enterprise innovation is a necessary condition for enterprises to survive and develop in the increasingly fierce competition. However, as an important human resource, there has been a lack of relevant empirical research on the impact of managerial ability on enterprise innovation. This study investigates how managerial ability affects innovation level and innovation efficiency, and further examines the relationship between managerial ability and innovation performance in manufacturing enterprises from the aspects of patent type, property rights and industry nature.
[Methodology] This study selects A-share manufacturing listed companies in China from 2007 to 2019 as the research sample, uses the DEA-Tobit two-stage model proposed by Demerjian et al. (2012) to measure the managerial ability, and empirically tests the impact of managerial ability on enterprise innovation performance from two aspects of enterprise innovation output and enterprise innovation efficiency.
[Findings] We discover that the stronger the managerial ability, the lower the innovation output and the higher the innovation efficiency. Moreover, by distinguishing the patent type, property right nature and industry nature, we further find that high-ability management can improve enterprise innovation efficiency in state-owned enterprises, but it has no significant impact on enterprise innovation output. The positive effect of managerial ability on enterprise innovation efficiency is not significant in high-tech enterprises, which is inconsistent with previous experience.
[Implications] First, taking the managerial ability as the starting point, we not only study the impact of managerial ability on enterprise innovation output, but also on innovation efficiency, which supplements and improves the existing literature on the influencing factors of enterprise innovation performance. Secondly, combined with China's institutional background, this study further discusses the influencing factors of enterprise innovation output and innovation efficiency, so as to provide empirical evidence from emerging markets for relevant research. Thirdly, with the integration of psychology, behavior, financial accounting and other disciplines, managerial ability is introduced into the research field of financial accounting, and this study provides new empirical evidence for the research on the economic consequences of managerial ability. Finally, this study can provide suggestions and decision support for manufacturing enterprises to improve innovation performance, and help to further standardize the professional manager market.
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Zaleskiewicz, Tomasz. "Beyond risk seeking and risk aversion: personality and the dual nature of economic risk taking." European Journal of Personality 15, no. 1_suppl (November 2001): S105—S122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.426.
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In economic theories it is assumed that risk aversion is a typical human attitude toward risk, and differences are determined by the curvature of the utility function. The results of psychological studies have indicated, however, that people differ in how they make financial decisions under uncertainty and what motivates them to take economic risks. This paper introduces two kinds of risk taking, instrumental risk taking and stimulating risk taking, and reports their empirical examination in two studies. The purpose of these studies was to test the reliability and validity of the Stimulating–Instrumental Risk Inventory—a method used to measure the two risk taking tendencies. It was found that instrumental risk taking is related to risk preference in the investment domain and is determined by personality traits connected with orientation toward the future, the tendency to think rationally, impulsivity, and sensation seeking. Stimulating risk taking was found to be related to the preference for recreational, ethical, health, and gambling risks and was associated with personality features connected with paratelic orientation, arousal seeking, impulsivity, and strong sensation seeking. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Zhang, Jia, Jingjing Yu, and Yuting Zeng. "ANALYSIS ON MARKET SENTIMENT REGULATION OF DYNAMIC EVOLUTION MECHANISM OF SMART AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS MODEL — TAKING JINGDONG FARM AS AN EXAMPLE." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): A29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyac032.040.
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Abstract Background There are many studies on business model innovation and evolution in academia, but there are few studies on the specific process of business model evolution and relevant elements of business model innovation under a specific background. It is not clear how to realize the development mechanism of digital agriculture, especially in the context of intelligent agriculture. Combined with the existing literature, this paper believes that the evolution of business model begins with external and internal driving forces, and is divided into different stages according to the changes of the constituent elements of the existing business model. On this basis, the evolution mechanism of smart agriculture business model and its impact on customer emotion regulation are discussed. Research Objects and Methods Using the method of case study, this paper analyzes the market psychology in the development of “Jingdong farm” intelligent agricultural business model. The study found that its development has experienced three stages: preliminary exploration, brand construction and farm construction. This paper makes a psychological analysis from four aspects: value proposition, value creation, value creation and value creation. The value transfer and value acquisition in each stage are carried out in turn. In order to verify the impact of the algorithm on customer emotion, this study uses the self-efficacy scale and the abbreviated teacher self-efficacy scale compiled by Tschannen, Moran and Hoy. The scale has 12 items, including three dimensions: teaching strategy efficiency, student incentive efficiency and class management efficiency. Using Likert's 9-point evaluation method, it gives 1-9 points respectively from “completely unable” to “fully able”. The ol coefficients of each dimension of the original scale were 0.86, 0.81 and 0.86 respectively. In this study, the only coefficients of the three dimensions are 0.84, 0.83 and 0.81 respectively. Results The results show that: first, the value proposition of smart agriculture has changed from bilateral to multilateral, aiming to integrate multilateral resources and provide consumers with better products and services; Second, take “Circulation” as the center and expand to the whole industry chain management mode centered on “production”, “Circulation” and “sales”; Third, intelligent agriculture breaks through the original value boundary and realizes value appreciation by improving agricultural production efficiency and consumers' ability to meet their own value. Conclusion Most of the existing studies solve the production problems of agricultural industry from the perspective of digital technology, and pay less attention to the evolution mechanism of agricultural industry business model. Any technological innovation will inevitably lead to the change of its business model. For example, the birth of Internet technology has changed the traditional business model. The evolution of business model is not a one-time process, but a gradual process of constantly adjusting its own business logic. Therefore, combined with the business model theory, this paper discusses the mechanism of the evolution from traditional agriculture to intelligent agriculture. In view of this, this paper attempts to take Jingdong farm as a typical case, take its development process as a clue, answer the dynamic evolution mechanism of smart agriculture, and then put forward the overall framework of the transformation and upgrading from traditional agriculture to smart agriculture. Acknowledgement This study was supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (Q20191311); Philosophy and Social Science Youth Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (20Q033); 2020 Open Project of Yangtze River Economic Belt Development Research Institute (Cjjj-202006); Jingzhou Science and Technology Plan Project (2020CB21-32).
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Liu, Chenggang, Jing Dong, Diao Shen, Huifang Liu, and Chanchan Wang. "PROMOTING SYSTEM REFORM AND GETTING OUT OF THE MIDDLE-INCOME TRAP — FROM THE PERSPECTIVE DRIVEN BY EMOTION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): A24—A25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyac032.033.
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Abstract Background In recent years, China's per capita income has reached the upper limit of developing countries and is about to become a high-income country. However, with the acceleration of China's aging process and the deepening of the technology embargo against the United States, some studies show that China's economic growth has slowed down. Academia began to explore whether China has fallen into the middle-income trap, and tried to explore the middle-income trap from the perspective of psychosocial reconstruction. Theme and Methods Under the background of China entering the era of monopoly economy, this paper analyzes the aging population, the polarization between the rich and the poor, and the guidance and control of vested interest groups on China's economic slowdown. This paper uses the neoclassical economic model to explain the middle-income trap. At the same time, this paper studies the impact of income changes on the emotional regulation of middle-income families. This study refers to the existing literature and adopts the emotion regulation scale to select eight emotions: happiness, love, satisfaction, anger, anxiety, tension, frustration and helplessness. The first three are positive emotions and the last five are negative emotions; Using Likert's 5-point rating method, give a rating of 1-5 points from “never” to “always”. The higher the score, the higher the frequency of experiencing the emotion in classroom teaching. In this study, the 0 coefficients of positive emotion and negative emotion were 0.83 and 0.80 respectively. Results The vested interest groups represented by monopoly groups no longer carry out technological innovation under the constraint of unable to obtain foreign advanced technology, but strive to make use of institutional defects, or even create institutional defects. They guide public opinion and exercise psychological and social control over government officials and the public, which is beneficial to them and safeguard and strengthen their own economic interests. The study found that the main reason for China's economy falling into the middle-income trap is the adverse impact of vested interest groups on economic development in terms of system and social psychology. As the economy enters the era of monopoly, this impact has changed from positive to negative. Through the research, we found that when the ownership income changes, the emotion and behavior will also change to the corresponding positive stage and depression level. Therefore, we can think that groups with high internal psychological capital can alleviate the psychological pressure, anxiety and depression brought by psychological capital to a great extent through their own psychological quality. Farmers with high level of individual psychological capital are relatively less affected by family factors, work and life, traffic safety, their own health and future fear. Farmers with high level of psychological capital can better deal with the impact of family factors. They are full of hope for the future, optimistic about life and less worried about the impact of life. Conclusion This paper points out the institutional risk factors faced by China's middle-income trap, and puts forward some suggestions on how to reform China's middle-income trap: reposition the government function from promoting economic construction to night watchman function; Reform the income distribution system in the aspects of inheritance tax, gift tax and real estate tax as soon as possible; Establish a rule of law economy, effectively protect intellectual property rights, implement anti-monopoly laws and anti-monopoly measures as soon as possible, reform the current system, reshape social psychology, and strengthen inter provincial political and economic exchanges and communication. With the further reform of China's current system, especially the real establishment of a society ruled by law and the further development of democratic politics, China's economy will cross the middle-income trap. Acknowledgements Supported by a project grant from Shandong Provincial Bureau of Statistics: Research on the current situation and Countermeasures of high-quality development of private economy in Shandong Province under the background of the transformation of old and new kinetic energy SDJJPC15.
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Sevincer, A. Timur, Jung Yul Kwon, Michael E. W. Varnum, and Shinobu Kitayama. "Risky Business: Cosmopolitan Culture and Risk-Taking." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 52, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220221211003207.
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Some metropolitan areas (e.g., Berlin, New York) have a cosmopolitan culture. That is, they serve as centers of economic development and value diversity, creativity, and equality. These areas offer economic and creative opportunities that are open to anyone willing to take a risk. Therefore, such cities may attract people who are high in risk-taking. We first showed that real-world risk-taking is more common in cities with a more cosmopolitan culture (Study 1). Second, we found that people who are more prone to risk-taking as measured by self-report (Studies 2a and 2b) and observed behavior (Study 3, preregistered) have greater preferences for cosmopolitan cities as residential destinations. Third, we tested a causal link between risk-taking and preference for cosmopolitan cities. Inducing a prevention focus (known to inhibit risk-taking) reduced people’s desire to settle in cosmopolitan cities (Study 4). We discuss implications for economic growth and migration to cosmopolitan cities.
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Dong, Yinhong, Lilan Pang, and Lili Fu. "Research on the influencing factors of entrepreneurial intentions based on mediating effect of self-actualization." International Journal of Innovation Science 11, no. 3 (October 11, 2019): 388–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-03-2018-0027.
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Purpose Using statistical analysis, this paper aims to understand and investigate the factors for starting a new company successfully. Indicators from the literature and the data analysis prove that entrepreneurial environment, ability, intentions and self-actualization affect the success rate of entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach To analyze the success factors for entrepreneurship, the authors take entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial ability as the independent variables, self-actualization as the mediating variable and entrepreneurial intentions as the dependent variable. Then, the authors build the frame model of the influencing factors according to entrepreneurial intentions based on the self-actualization mediating effect of college students. At last, four hypotheses are proposed based on this frame model. Findings The empirical research proves that the better the entrepreneurial environment, the stronger the entrepreneurial intentions of college students; the stronger the entrepreneurial ability of students, the stronger the entrepreneurial intentions; and under the mediating effect of self-actualization, entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial ability will affect entrepreneurial intentions strongly. Finally, based on the empirical results, this paper proposes to pay attention to entrepreneurship education and strengthen the construction of the entrepreneurial environment to better enhance entrepreneurial intentions. Research limitations/implications The study has a few limitations because, as it refers to the sample for college students and the new start-up, it would require a more generalized analysis of the factors, such as to include more and better indicators for demographic, economic and institutional determinants of the entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurship. For further studies on entrepreneurship, the validate measuring scale of the concept must be addressed. Practical implications The present work shows that optimizing the entrepreneurial environment and improving the entrepreneurial ability of college students can enhance the success rate of the entrepreneurship. Besides, the entrepreneurial intentions should be enhanced from outside to inside. Namely, stimulate the entrepreneurial desire of college students from the external environment, such as policy support, ideological education and mobilization on employment options and other aspects of new college graduates. The psychological aspects of graduates should be guided. Originality/value For the study of entrepreneurial intentions, most scholars mainly studied the entrepreneurial psychology to discuss its relationship with entrepreneurial intentions in the early years, and gradually extended to the study of external factors, such as the entrepreneurial environment. However, the study on graduate entrepreneurship has yet to be improved. Based on the existing research, this paper makes an in-depth study on the influence mechanism of entrepreneurial intentions from entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial environment, puts forward a research model taking self-actualization as a mediating variable and studies the intrinsic driving force of entrepreneurial intentions.
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Hannay, Jason W., B. Keith Payne, and Jazmin Brown-Iannuzzi. "Economic Inequality and the Pursuit of Pleasure." Social Psychological and Personality Science 12, no. 7 (May 25, 2021): 1254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19485506211015049.
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The present research proposes and tests the “hedonic risk hypothesis” that affective experiences of pleasure provide a common currency that people use to equate economic and hedonic inequality. As a result, economic inequality can increase risk-taking in pursuit of pleasure even in noneconomic domains. Study 1 showed that higher economic inequality at the state level was associated with people in those states spending more time pursuing pleasure. Studies 2–4 were experiments, which demonstrated that when people perceive inequality in other people’s hedonic experience, they become riskier in their pursuit of pleasure for themselves. The relationship between inequality and risk-taking in pursuit of pleasurable experiences was moderated by upward social comparisons. Both monetary and hedonic inequality caused participants to become riskier in their pursuit of pleasure. The findings suggest a psychological pathway by which systemic effects of income inequality may affect individual health and social outcomes.
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Vasilcovschi, Nicoleta, and Gabriela Munteanu. "IDEAS in AGORA: Decision-Making Risk: The Difference Between Risk And Uncertainity In Economic Activities." Human and Social Studies 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2013-0028.
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Abstract Economic activities are always supposed to carry with them the risk of market. Our area of research is concerned with what is known as the model of risk decisions at the level of economic activity; a model that can be valuable at any point of economic development. In our research, we present important aspects of risk in taking decisions in the previous and current dynamics of the market. The conditions of taking decisions with potential risks provide decision-makers with the possibility to analyze and calculate risk in order to know what can be gained and lost. In our paper, we present a short description of a different model of risk in economic activity and of decision-making risk, providing examples that have been offered by various authors. For example, Friedman and Savage present the utility function of an economic agent and its availability to accept the risk, while Markowitz defines utility in terms of winning or losing. Our paper starts with a presentation of the quantification of risk in economic activity. In the second part, we present a model of decision-making risk that is applied in economic activities and the difference between risk and uncertainty.
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Boyer, Ty W., and James P. Byrnes. "Adolescent risk-taking: Integrating personal, cognitive, and social aspects of judgment." Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 30, no. 1 (January 2009): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.10.009.
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Golinko, Vasyl. "INTEGRATED RISK ASSESSMENT IN COAL MINING." JOURNAL of Donetsk Mining Institute, no. 1 (2022): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2022-1-32-39.
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Purpose. To determine methodological approaches to the integrated assessment of accidents and hazards of coal mining processes, which allow taking into account the mining and geological conditions of coal mining at a particular mining enterprise. Methods. Analytical methods, methods of probability theory, statistical processing of accidents at coal mines of Ukraine and methods of economic and mathematical modelling are used in the work. Results. Methodological bases for integrated assessment of hazards and harmfulness of production taking into account mining and geological conditions of coal mining are developed. It is shown that ambiguity of existing solutions both in terms of theoretical and methodological approaches, and in their practical use in coal mining enterprises, can lead to inefficient use of funds in the implementation of measures to improve working conditions. It is shown that the occurrence of accidents and hazards caused by hazardous production factors is probabilistic, so the economic assessment of these phenomena should be unified and take into account the expected economic losses in accidents and hazards and the probabilistic nature of these phenomena. Scientific novelty. For the first time it was proposed to use the economic assessment of hazardous and harmful production factors typical of the process or production as an integral assessment of accident rate, measure of hazardousness and harmfulness of a technological process or production. Practical value. The ambiguity of existing solutions both in terms of theoretical and methodological approaches, and in their practical use in coal mining enterprises, can lead to inefficient use of funds in the implementation of measures to improve working conditions. Availability of an integrated assessment of hazardous and harmful phenomena of coal mining allows taking more reasonable decisions aimed at preserving and developing the potential of the coal industry, as well as selection and justification of decisions on design and construction of new energy facilities taking into account social and economic aspects
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Woods, J. E. "E. L. SMITH’S ENDURING CONTRIBUTIONS TO FINANCIAL ECONOMICS." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 42, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837219000269.
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In 1924, Edgar Lawrence Smith published a monograph presenting evidence aimed at overturning the conventional view that equities were speculative and bonds were the only long-term investments. This was immediately so successful that such eminent commentators as Irving Fisher and Benjamin Graham agreed that the monograph had had a material impact on market psychology, playing an instrumental role in the Great Crash. In this article, we examine Smith’s approach in detail, arguing that he made significant, enduring contributions to finance theory, empirical finance, and portfolio management practice. He was influential in creating the “cult of the equity,” laid the foundations for the equity risk premium, and introduced a probability-based risk metric and equally weighted portfolios. His influence is felt nowadays not only in the methodology employed in empirical work but also in major aspects of the conventional approach to portfolio management.
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Harnum, Katie, Tom Cooper, and Alex Faseruk. "Review of the Psychology of Risk-Taking Behavior for Individual Investors." Journal of Finance Issues 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.58886/jfi.v8i1.2363.
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This paper reviews the extensive literature within psychology and behavioral finance in order to outline the psychological underpinnings of investor risk behavior. Its objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence risk propensity in investment markets. It provides an enumeration of influential factors that play a role in understanding an individual’s propensity for risk including psychological biases, personality characteristics, demographic and socio-economic factors. Such a list should be valuable, not only to researchers in behavioral finance, but also to practitioners interested in improving trading skills and recruitment practices.
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Karaman, Neslihan Güney, and Figen Çok. "Adolescent risk-taking: comparison between adolescents' and adults' opinion." Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 17, no. 38 (December 2007): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-863x2007000300006.
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Adolescent risk-taking is one of the most important issues in current research on adolescence. This study aimed to exam the opinion of adolescents and adults regarding adolescent risk-taking. A total of 10 adults aged between 40-50 and 10 adolescents aged between 16-19 from middle socio-economic background residing in Ankara, Turkey, were interviewed. Adults' and adolescents' definitions and examples of risk-taking, and their perspectives regarding its sources were studied. Interviews were transcribed. Results showed that adolescents' beliefs regarding risk-taking lack a long-term perspective as they do not consider consequences of their actions and future results. Adults' beliefs on adolescent risk-taking seem to be more realistic and more related to life events than that of adolescents. Future research comparing views of both groups is needed.