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Academic literature on the topic 'Risk Responses'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Risk Responses"

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Borak, Jonathan, and Greg Sirianni. "Hormesis: Implications for Cancer Risk Assessment." Dose-Response 3, no. 3 (May 1, 2005): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.003.03.011.

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Current guidelines for cancer risk assessment emphasize a toxicant's “mode of action”, rather than its empirically derived dose-response relationship, for determining whether linear low-dose extrapolation is appropriate. Thus, for reasons of policy, demonstration of hormesis is generally insufficient to justify a non-linear approach, although it may provide important insights into the actions of toxicants. We evaluated dose-response characteristics of four carcinogens reported to have hormetic dose-response curves: cadmium chloride; ionizing radiation; PAHs; and, 2,3,7,8-TCDD. For each, the study that documented hormesis in one organ also provided evidence of non-hormetic dose-responses in other organs or non-hormetic responses for seemingly similar carcinogens in the same species and organs. Such inconsistency suggests toxicologic reasons that the finding of hormesis alone is not sufficient to justify use of non-linear low-dose extrapolations. Moreover, available data in those examples are not sufficient to know whether hormesis is a property of the toxicants, the target organ, or the exposed species. From the perspectives of cancer risk assessment, the greatest informational value of hormesis may be that it provokes mechanistic studies intended to explain why hormesis occurs.
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Asravor, Richard. "Smallholder farmers’ risk perceptions and risk management responses." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 9, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 367–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-10-2017-0250.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the perceptions of farmers on the major sources of risk and to examine the effectiveness of the risk management responses of rural smallholder farm households in the semi-arid region of Northern Ghana from the socioeconomic perspective. Design/methodology/approach Both descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis were used on a Likert scale question to rank and identify the important risk perceptions and management strategies of the farmers. The linear regression model was used to highlight the significant factors that affect the farmers’ risk perception and management responses. Findings The effects of the variations in crop yield, fertiliser prices and crop price on household income were perceived as the three most relevant sources of risk. Stabilising household income by growing different crops, storing feed/seed reserves and spreading sales were the most effective risk management strategies. Factor analysis identified market risk, production risk and human risk as major risk factors whereas diversification, financial strategy, and off-farm employment were perceived as the most effective risk management strategies. Farm and farmer characteristics were found to be significantly associated with risk perceptions and risk management strategies. Risk perceptions significantly increase the risk management strategy adopted by the smallholder rural farmers. Practical implications The findings of the paper call for the integration of farmers’ risk perceptions and management strategies in the development of agricultural policies for the semi-arid regions of Ghana. Originality/value This paper deviates from the traditional technology adoption studies by modelling rural household perceptions and management strategies using, using descriptive, factor analyses, and linear regression.
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Ratnagar, Shereen, and Peter Garnsey. "Responses to Risk and Crisis." Social Scientist 18, no. 1/2 (January 1990): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3517331.

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Pick, David, and Kandy Dayaram. "Reflexive Judgement, Risk and Responses." Journal of Human Values 12, no. 1 (April 2006): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097168580501200105.

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&NA;. "Risk Management Scenarios and Responses." Gastroenterology Nursing 20, no. 3 (May 1997): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001610-199705000-00007.

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Rankin, Frederick W., and Todd L. Sayre. "Responses to risk in tournaments." Accounting, Organizations and Society 36, no. 1 (January 2011): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2010.12.001.

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Soofifard, Rahman, and Morteza Khakzar Bafruei. "Fuzzy multi-objective model for project risk response selection considering synergism between risk responses." International Journal of Engineering Management and Economics 6, no. 1 (2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeme.2016.079838.

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Bafruei, Morteza Khakzar, and Rahman Soofifard. "Fuzzy multi-objective model for project risk response selection considering synergism between risk responses." International Journal of Engineering Management and Economics 6, no. 1 (2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeme.2016.10000728.

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Gamp, Martina, Harald T. Schupp, and Britta Renner. "Risk Perceptions After Receiving Multiple Risk Feedback." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 9 (May 2, 2018): 1350–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218767877.

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How do people respond to multiple risk feedback in a real-life context? Based on theoretical assumptions, three different predictions for risk perceptions were tested: (a) relative accuracy in risk perceptions, (b) self-defensive responses according to self-affirmation theory, and (c) compensatory responses according to the compensatory health belief model. Participants of a community health screening ( N = 725) received multiple risk indicator feedback for actual blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid levels. Consistent multiple risk feedback profiles encompassed three consistent readings (three normal or three elevated readings). Mixed risk profiles included one elevated and two normal readings. Results indicate relative accuracy in responses: an elevated reading triggered higher risk perception of the respective risk factor. Importantly, the effect was not modulated by the presence of normal readings as assumed by the self-defensive or compensatory response perspective, indicating that people accurately integrate multiple risk indicator feedback as it is often provided in real life.
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Simpson, Jeremy. "Risk Management Responses to Armed Non-State Actor Risk in Afghanistan." International Review of Social Research 5, no. 3 (October 1, 2015): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2015-0015.

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Abstract The article considers responses by different categories of actor to the threat of armed non-state actors in the international intervention in Afghanistan 2001-2015. Concepts from the sociology of risk, in particular risk-management and the distinction between operational and reputational risk, are related to field research in Afghanistan during the intervention. The ‘risk society’ approach of Beck (2009) is critiqued as relatively inapplicable to a discussion of differences in risks to and responses by different categories of actor. The article identifies some convergences of practice across three categories of intervening actor, civil-developmental, counter-insurgent and counter-terrorist, in particular tendencies to risk-transfer and remote-management that draws together theorisation of civil practice by Duffield (2010) and military practice by Shaw (2002). This is problematised relative to difficulties in managing tensions between operational risks to intervening actors and reputational risks vis-à-vis local actors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Risk Responses"

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Clarke, Joseph W. "The benefits of non-structural responses to flood risk." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683734.

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Recent economic conditions and reduced funding, combined with the threat of climate change, mean that more innovative ways of protecting people and property from the impacts of flooding are needed, with current guidance seeking 'portfolios' of responses to flood risk. This thesis explores the evolving flood risk management system and the role of non-structural approaches to reducing risk by developing a conceptual model that incorporates a broad range of structural and non-structural responses, the linkages between them and the way they contribute to managing flood risk. The model enables coherent conversations about components of the flood risk management system with a joint understanding of how different options interact, to allow better decision-making and more effective communication of those decisions and the reasons behind them. Activities with no direct benefit play a vital role in this system by enabling or increasing the effectiveness of other responses. One such activity, the visualisation of flood risk, is explored through the development of a flood incident management visualisation tool. Using the model, high- level methodologies are developed to quantify the benefits of property-level responses (including resistance and resilience measures and the movement of possessions) and of Flood Incident Management enabling asset operation. These generic approaches are applied to specific national and local case studies, which identify scale-appropriate methods for deriving input data. These methods and the wider context that the conceptual model provides provide a useful step towards a consistent approach to quantifying the benefits of non-structural responses in a way that allows future work to build on that foundation.
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Luginsland, Timothy Ray 1962. "RISK PERCEPTIONS AND MANAGEMENT RESPONSES OF ARIZONA DAIRY PRODUCERS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276413.

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Van, der Ross Nolan Lloyd. "Disaster risk reduction in Namibia (flooding): responses and best practices." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021114.

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This study was undertaken in order to obtain an understanding of how Namibia in general, and the education sector in particular, deal with flood emergencies. The goal of the National Policy for Disaster Risk Management in Namibia (2009) is “to contribute to the attainment of sustainable development in line with Namibia’s Vision 2030 through strengthening national capacities to significantly reduce disaster risk and built community resilience to disasters” (Republic of Namibia, 2009). This goal was the starting point for determining the extent to which the Ministry of Education complies with these national standards, and for gauging, in the light of responses to flood emergencies so far, the Ministry’s preparedness and response capacities, in line with international frameworks that Namibia has ratified. This qualitative study is situated within the theory of resilience, and sustainable resilience particularly. To obtain some of the information sought, a non-probability sampling method was used to ‘hand-pick’ subjects within the Ministry of Education to be interviewed at their respective locations, nationally and regionally. Five education officials who were intimately involved in past responses to flood emergencies were interviewed – three in Oshana and Ohangwena Regions, and two at Head Office in Windhoek – by means of a semi-structured interview. In addition, a literature review was conducted. The conclusions drawn from both the literature review and the information obtained from the respondents accord with the research problem identified: the Ministry of Education does not appear to be adequately prepared for, and does not assign the necessary priority to deal with, flood emergencies in particular. Possible recommendations for uptake within the Ministry of Education include: mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction at all decentralized levels; sensitizing all education officials, school community members and relevant stakeholders to policy frameworks and accountability structures to strengthen resilience within school communities; deeming costed contingency planning a priority, and hence strengthening links between decentralized regional structures; and continuously monitoring implementation of designed interventions.
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Harrison, Woods Paula L. "Higher education institutions' responses to risk : a critical discourse analysis." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2012. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/17531/.

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Increased concerns about students who present a risk to self or others have been documented in the literature since the 1990s. In particular, concern has been expressed about students who self-harm and students with mental health difficulties (for a thorough overview of the range of issues affecting HEIs see Rana et al., 1999; Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2003; Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2011). Much of the British research has focussed on the prevalence of different types of harmful or risky behaviour. Sector bodies have published guidance documents outlining key issues for institutions to address when responding to students who present a risk to self or others (AMOSSHE; 2000; Universities UK, 2002b; Universities UK, 2002a). Whilst the literature has provided guidance to the sector, there has been no detailed examination of the discourses which underpin concerns about risk or suggested institutional responses. This thesis uses critical discourse analysis to identify these discourses and consider their impact. The data consists of seven national guidance documents which inform practice in the sector and eighteen semi-structured interviews with staff from five universities. Nine key discourses are identified which can be split into two groups with one additional discourse: discourses about the Higher Education context, professional discourses and an additional student accountability discourse. Hilgartner’s (1992) relational theory of risk predicts that valuing different objects will result in the identification of different risks. Integrating this model with critical discourse analysis provides a way of understanding how discourses place different value on objects resulting in the identification of different risks. It is intended that this understanding will enable practitioners to reflect on the discourses they and their colleagues are using and consider alternative positions when responding to complex situations where students present a risk to self or others.
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Featherstone, Helen Clare. "Risk communication of climate change: stakeholder objectives and public responses." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490458.

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Climate change is a pressing issue today. Drastic policy change and individual behaviour change are required to mitigate and adapt to the changes. For this to be Implemented successfully the public must be engaged. There is a shortfall in qualitative research into public engagement with climate change where engagement Is defined in terms of cognitive, affective and behavioural responses. A case study was undertaken in Bristol, UK. Focus groups were used to examine public engagement with climate change.
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Ho, Kit-wah Kitty, and 何潔華. "At-risk students: an exploratory survey of secondary school responses." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31956415.

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Hussin, Mohd Rasid. "An examination of responses to risk in ASEAN industry and commerce." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307493.

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Wei, Marlynn H. "University Policy and Procedural Responses to Students at Risk of Suicide." Yale University, 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-08282007-152235/.

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Colleges and universities have recently faced several lawsuits brought by parents of students who have committed suicide or made suicide attempts. The lawsuits are based on varying claims, including negligence, breach of contact, and discrimination. In crafting policies to respond to these lawsuits, universities should not simply seek limiting institutional liability but should balance the private interest of their students, the relationship of the school to parents of the students, requirements of due process, and their commitment to antidiscrimination principles. This paper focuses on the current procedural protections in university policies handling students at risk of suicide. I argue that suicidal ideation or attempt should not be treated as if the student has committed a disciplinary infraction, but should be treated as a mental health issue that should therefore not trigger a disciplinary proceeding. However, institutions should not be so quick to dismiss using disciplinary proceedings as a last resort since such a process affords students protections of minimal due process. I propose that the objectives of procedural due process, fairness, preserving the student-institutional relationship, and fact-finding in this situation should include an intermediate mediation step before resorting to disciplinary hearings or involuntary medical withdrawal.
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Daing, N. I. "Managerial responses to risk in capital budgeting under asymmetries of information." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259949.

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Sahi, Maryam. "Investigation of drug-induced cell cycle responses in high-risk neuroblastoma." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278577.

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The childhood cancer neuroblastoma mostly affects children under the age of 2 and comprises 6% of all childhood cancers. Neuroblastoma has very diverse phenotypes caused by both inter- and intra-tumour heterogeneities. The phenotypes are classified as being either low- or high-risk. This project focuses on high-risk NB cell lines with various chemotherapy sensitivity. Titration studies with chemotherapy agents cisplatin or doxorubicin showed a proneness of p53 mutated cell lines to arrest in either the S- and/or the G2/M-phase, depending on the drug and the drug dosage, indicating on a dose-dependent cell cycle response. To potentially inhibit the cells from arresting a treatment assay with 3 cell cycle key-components, pATM, Chk1 and Wee1 inhibitors was done. An initial immunocytochemistry staining of the expression levels of pATM and Wee1 showed that pATM was upregulated for 5 out 7 tested cell lines, namely SK-N-SH, SK-N-FI, Kelly, SK-N-DZ and BE(2)-C, upon chemotherapy treatment with doxorubicin. Wee1 was however only upregulated for 3 out 7 cell lines; Kelly, SK-N-DZ and BE(2)-C. The upregulation of pATM and Wee1 showed a potential confirmation of their involvement in CT induced cell cycle arrest. Upon inhibition of pATM, Chk1 and Wee1 diverse effects were observed for each cell line (SK-N-SH, SK-N-AS, SK-N-FI, Kelly, SK-N-DZ and BE(2)-C). Wee1 showed the most promising results were the cell viability decreased for all 5 p53 mutated cell lines and the confluency over time decreased for 4 out 5 p53 mutated cell lines. The p53 wild type cell line SK-N-SH was less sensitive towards Chk1 and Wee1 inhibition indicating that cell lines with functional p53 might not be as dependent on the Chk1 and Wee1 pathways compared to cell lines with non-functional p53. Thus, targeting the cell cycle arrest might be a promising therapeutic target for high-risk neuroblastoma.
Barndomscancern neuroblastom utgör 6% av all barncancer. Majoriteten av de drabbade är under 2 år. Neuroblastom har en stor mångfald av fenotypiska utryck som orsakas av dess inter- och intra-tumör heterogenitet. Fenotyperna klassificeras antigen som låg- eller högrisk. Här har 7 högrisks-neutoblastom cellinjer med varierande grad av känslighet mot kemoterapi analyserats. Titreringsstudier med kemoterapierna cisplatin och doxorubicin påvisade en benägenhet för de p53 muterade cellinjerna att arrestera i S- och/eller i G2/M-fasen, beroende på behandlingen samt behandlingsdosen, vilket indikerar på en dos-beroende cellcykel respons. En behandlingsanalys med de 3 nyckelkomponenterna fosforylerat ATM, Chk1 samt Wee1 gjordes för att potentiellt inhibera cellerna från att arrestera. Efter en initial immunocytokemi infärgning av pATM samt Wee1 visade 5 av 7 cellinjer (SK-N-SH, SK-N-FI, Kelly, SK-N-DZ samt BE(2)-C) en uppreglering av pATM-uttryck till följd av doxorubicin behandling. Däremot var Wee1 endast uppreglerat för 3 av 7 cell linjer (Kelly, SK-N-DZ samt BE(2)-C). Uppregleringen av pATM och Wee1 påvisar ett potentiellt samband mellan kemoterapi-inducerad cellcykelarrest och ökat utryck av pATM och Wee1. Vid inhibering av pATM, Chk1 samt Wee1 gav Wee1 de mest lovande resultaten där cellviabiliteten minskade för samtliga 5 p53-muterade cellinjer och där konfluensen över tid minskade för 4 av 5 p53-muterade cellinjer. SK-N-SH med funktionerande p53 var mindre känslig gentemot Chk1 och Wee1 inhibering, vilket indikerar att cellinjer med funktionerande p53 inte är lika beroende av reaktionsvägarna för Chk1 och Wee1 jämfört med cellinjer som har icke-funktionerande p53. Därmed kan riktad behandling mot cellcykelarrest vara en lovande behandling för högrisks-neuroblastom.
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Books on the topic "Risk Responses"

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L, Kirkham Richard, ed. Whole life-cycle costing: Risk and risk responses. Oxford: Blackwell, 2004.

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Andrew, Blowers, and Hinchliffe Steve 1955-, eds. Environmental responses. Chichester: Wiley in Association with the Open University, 2003.

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Kimball, Miles S. Imputing risk tolerance from survey responses. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Jalan, Jyotsna. Behavioral responses to risk in rural China. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1998.

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Kemshall, Hazel. Responses to offender risk: Probation practice, organisational setting amd the risk society. York: ESRC Risk & Human Behaviour Programme, 1995.

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Wells, Celia. Organisational responses to the risk of criminal liability. York: ESRC Risk & Human Behaviour Programme, 1995.

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Connolly, Marie. Child & family welfare: Statutory responses to children at risk. Christchurch, N.Z: Te Awatea Press, 2004.

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Pells, Kirrily. Poverty, risk and families' responses: Evidence from Young Lives. Oxford, UK: Young Lives, Department of International Development, University of Oxford, 2011.

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Ofsted. Youth work responses to young people at risk: 1992-93. London: Ofsted, 1993.

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Milan, Andrea, Benjamin Schraven, Koko Warner, and Noemi Cascone, eds. Migration, Risk Management and Climate Change: Evidence and Policy Responses. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42922-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Risk Responses"

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White, Colin, and Miao Fan. "Responses to Risk." In Risk and Foreign Direct Investment, 189–208. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230624832_11.

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Jia, Junbo. "Structural Responses Due to Seismic Excitations." In Risk Engineering, 303–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37003-8_16.

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Kliem, Ralph L. "Prepare Political Risk Responses." In Political Risk Management for the Global Supply Chain, 151–70. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003036241-10.

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Igberaese, Davies A. "Implementing Risk Responses and Monitoring Project Risks." In Introduction to Project Management, 243–46. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003230649-24.

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Franklin, Michael. "Responses and New Directions." In Risk in the Film Business, 220–92. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003131670-11.

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Franklin, Michael. "Responses and New Directions." In Risk in the Film Business, 220–92. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003131670-11.

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Verbeke, Alain, and James R. Dewald. "Managerial Responses to Borderless Risk." In Transnational Corporations and Economic Development, 76–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-72971-5_5.

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Barton, Stuart John. "Control: Responsibility and Risk (1964–1970)." In Policy Signals and Market Responses, 39–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137390981_3.

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de, Shona. "Let’s Talk Oil Spill Risk." In Responses to Disasters and Climate Change, 83–92. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315315928-9.

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Lilley, Claire. "UK Policy Responses and Their International Relevance." In Online Risk to Children, 189–215. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118977545.ch11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Risk Responses"

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Yang, H. Q., and L. L. Zhang. "Efficient Estimation of Spatial Varied Soil Properties Based on Field Pore Water Pressure Responses in a Slope." In Geo-Risk 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480724.003.

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Tian, Hua-Ming, Zi-Jun Cao, Dian-Qing Li, and Xiao Chen. "Efficient Updating of Consolidation-Induced Responses by Auxiliary Bayesian Approach." In International Symposium for Geotechnical Safety & Risk. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-18-5182-7_00-07-008.xml.

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Caponi, Claudio, and Anibal Rosales. "Venezuelan policies and responses on climate change and natural hazards." In The world at risk: Natural hazards and climate change. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.43920.

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Obrien, Eugene, Daniel McCrum, and Muhammad Arslan Khan. "Bridge Health Monitoring Using Accelerometer Responses to Passing Traffic." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0311.

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<p>This paper develops a method of bridge structure health monitoring using bridge midspan acceleration response and the concept of Bridge Weigh-in-Motion (BWIM). This method does not require any traffic control and works solely with the responses to regular passing truck traffic. Traditional BWIM systems use bridge strain responses to infer vehicle axle weights, but the strain responses are not damage sensitive. Bridge accelerations, on the other hand, vary with the change in the bridge condition at any location. Therefore, this paper focuses on a statistical analysis of the acceleration-based BWIM results to monitor bridge condition. The acceleration-based BWIM system has been found to be very effective in detection change in the bridge condition by showing significant change in the statistical properties of the BWIM results with different damage percentage of the bridge.</p>
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Nam, Sujung, Juran Kim, and Kyung-Tae Gong. "THE RISK PERCEPTION ATTITUDE FRAMEWORK:CONSUMER INVOLVEMENT, PERCEPTIONS OF RISK, AND RESPONSES TO FOOD LABELS." In Bridging Asia and the World: Global Platform for Interface between Marketing and Management. Global Alliance of Marketing & Management Associations, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15444/gmc2016.05.01.03.

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Manteufel, Randall D., and Jason B. Pleming. "Assessing Hypercube Sampling Techniques for Risk Assessment." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81656.

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Two variations of hypercube sampling techniques are introduced and computationally tested using benchmark problems. The methods are variations of the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and incremental-fractional LHS scheme. Both can be described as stratified sampling with one sample per strata. Because they ensure uniform marginals, they are observed to have computational advantages for linear problems where weighted response statistics are sought. Advantages are less pronounced for non-linear responses and sorted statistics, which is often the case for risk analysis. The complementary cumulative distribution is identified as being helpful in assessing a methods performance. Both methods are applied to an application problem having multiple responses of interest and 48 uncertain inputs. The hypercube methods are noted to produce estimates of the mean with orders-of-magnitude lower variance than that of simple random sampling.
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Kušen, Ema, and Mark Strembeck. "Dynamics of Personal Responses to Terror Attacks: A Temporal Network Analysis Perspective." In 7th International Conference on Complexity, Future Information Systems and Risk. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011078100003197.

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Rye, H., H. Berland, and S. Sanni. "Comparing biomarker responses with risk estimates used for decision analysis." In WATER POLLUTION 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp060331.

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Hu, Qi, and Di Su. "FEM-MBS Scheme for Ride Comfort Analysis of Vehicle-Bridge Interaction." In IABSE Conference, Seoul 2020: Risk Intelligence of Infrastructures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/seoul.2020.131.

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<p>This study presents a combined method that integrates the FEM (Finite Element Method) and MBS (Multiple Body Simulation) to analyze the ride comfort in the Vehicle-Bridge (VB) interaction system. To solve the vehicles’ responses accurately and efficiently, in this study a new double- dummy coupling method is used to simulate the VB Interaction. Furthermore, other influence factors like tire model, wind force, and road roughness influences are taken into account together. After validating by measurement data, vehicular ride comfort condition is evaluated by the ISO 2631-1 standard, including obtaining the whole-body vibration response, frequency weighting the initial response, and determining the Overall Vibration Total Value (OVTV). This model can also be used for stability and safety analysis of vehicles running on bridges under the strong wind in the future.</p>
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ANZAI, SATOSHI, and SO KAZAMA. "SOCIAL MEDIA ANALYSIS OF PEOPLE’S HIGH-RISK RESPONSES TO FLOOD OCCURANCE." In FRIAR 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/friar180161.

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Reports on the topic "Risk Responses"

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Kimball, Miles, Claudia Sahm, and Matthew Shapiro. Imputing Risk Tolerance from Survey Responses. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13337.

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Kujawski, Edouard. Selection of technical risk responses for efficient contingencies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/802047.

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Chapman, Robert E., and Chi J. Leng. Cost-effective responses to terrorist risk in constructed facilities. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7073.

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Houghton, Angela. AARP Fraud Survey: Risk, Exposure, Response: National sample of Asian American & Pacific Islanders Age 50-plus: Annotation of Survey Responses. AARP Research, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00183.004.

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Williams, Terrie M. High Risk Behaviors in Marine Mammals: Linking Behavioral Responses to Anthropogenic Disturbance to Biological Consequences. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada602529.

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Bunse, Simone, Elise Remling, Anniek Barnhoorn, Manon du Bus de Warnaffe, Karen Meijer, and Dominik Rehbaum. Mapping European Union Member States’ Responses to Climate-related Security Risks. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/htdn6668.

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This SIPRI Research Policy Paper identifies European Union (EU) member states’ efforts to address climate-related security risks in the short to medium term and suggests entry points for further action. Even countries making visible attempts to mainstream the linkages between climate and security are falling short of pursuing a comprehensive approach. Among the ongoing initiatives that might bear fruit in one to three years are: appointing climate security advisers; climate proofing peacebuilding and conflict proofing climate action; investing in early warning and risk mapping; reassessing climate financing and development aid; and building up the operational resilience of the military. Strengthening such efforts would involve: incorporating climate insecurity into foreign and security policy dialogues; increasing conflict-sensitive climate adaptation finance; sensitization to climate change and conflict; and improving the operationalization of early warning. To remain credible, EU member states must advance their climate security initiatives and close the gap between rhetoric and practice.
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Tobin, Daniel, Erin Lane, and Ron Hoover. Climate Change and Agriculture in the Northeast: Teamwork, Responses, and Results. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.6965353.ch.

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Not everyone may agree on the best adaptation practices all the time, but as opposed to rigid guidelines, a whole suite of options are being developed that will allow individuals to pick and choose what best works for them. But being proactive in ways that have both an economic and environmental outlook will determine agriculture’s success in responding to changes in climate. With collaboration and cooperation, the northeast can meet the challenge to maintain and improve production. The biggest risk is not climate change itself; it is being passive as these changes occur.
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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
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Ibáñez, Ana María, Juliana Quigua, Jimena Romero, and Andrea Velásquez. Responses to Temperature Shocks: Labor Markets and Migration Decisions in El Salvador. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004237.

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By 2017, one-quarter of people born in El Salvador were estimated to be living in the U.S. We show that extreme temperatures have negatively aected agricultural production and increased international migration from El Salvador. We nd that labor markets act as a transmission mechanism of the negative eects of weather shocks on agricultural workers, who react by migrating internationally or reallocating within local labor markets. However, these responses dier by landownership status and access to risk-coping mechanisms. Our results suggest that, despite the current anti-immigrant political climate, there should be a global responsibility relative to the consequences of climate change.
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Manlutac, Janice Ian. Funding the Frontline: How an Oxfam Emergency Response Fund facilitated local humanitarian action. Oxfam, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7451.

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From 2014 to 2020 Oxfam embedded an Emergency Response Fund (ERF) in its multiyear disaster risk reduction programs in Asia-Pacific and Central America. The Oxfam ERF was designed as a flexible funding mechanism to prioritize small-scale, under-the-radar, and forgotten emergencies and help local actors respond to and mitigate the impacts of disasters in their communities. ERF grants totaling US$1.9 million were disbursed and supported 24 small-scale responses led by 15 local organizations in nine countries. The ERF, through the support of a donor who values local leadership, helped local actors shape humanitarian responses, and the simplicity of fund administration unlocked creativity and delivered speed without compromising the quality and accountability of humanitarian aid.
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