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Journal articles on the topic 'Risk disclosures'
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Agustina, Linda, Kuat Waluyo Jati, Niswah Baroroh, Ardian Widiarto, and Pery N. Manurung. "Can the risk management committee improve risk management disclosure practices in Indonesian companies?" Investment Management and Financial Innovations 18, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.18(3).2021.19.
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This study examines the role of the risk management committee as a moderating variable. The risk management committee will moderate the relationship between firm size, profitability, ownership concentration, and the size of the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) disclosure board. The study is based on agency theory, which discusses the relationship between management and company owners and shareholders. The research sample consisted of 56 manufacturing companies in Indonesia with 224 units of analysis obtained using the purposive sampling technique. It has been proven that the risk management committee can moderate the relationship between firm size and ERM disclosure and ownership concentration and ERM disclosure. Company size is known to affect the disclosure of risk management in a company. But ownership concentration shows different things, that is, it does not affect corporate risk management disclosures. The results also show that the risk management committee cannot moderate the relationship between profitability and the size of the board of commissioners on the company’s risk management disclosures. It has also not been proven that profitability and the size of the board of commissioners directly affect corporate risk management disclosures. Thus, it can be stated that the risk management committee plays a role in controlling the extent of the company’s risk management disclosures; this is necessary to maintain stakeholder trust in the company.
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Jorgensen, Bjorn N., and Michael T. Kirschenheiter. "Discretionary Risk Disclosures." Accounting Review 78, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 449–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2003.78.2.449.
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We model managers' equilibrium strategies for voluntarily disclosing information about their firm's risk. We consider a multifirm setting in which the variance of each firm's future cash flow is uncertain. A manager can disclose, at a cost, this variance before offering the firm for sale in a competitive stock market with risk-averse investors. In our partial disclosure equilibrium, managers voluntarily disclose if their firm has a low variance of future cash flows, but withhold the information if their firm has highly variable future cash flows. We establish how the manager's discretionary risk disclosure affects the firm's share price, expected stock returns, and beta, within the framework of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. We show that whereas one manager's discretionary disclosure of his firm's risk does not affect other firms' share prices, it does affect the other firms' betas. Also, we demonstrate that a disclosing firm has lower risk premium and beta ex post than a nondisclosing firm. Finally, we show that ex ante, the expected risk premium and expected beta of each firm are higher under a mandatory risk disclosure regime than in the partial disclosure equilibrium that arises under a voluntary disclosure regime.
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Maingot, Michael, Tony Quon, and Daniel Zeghal. "The disclosure of enterprise risk management (ERM) information: An overview of Canadian regulations for risk disclosure." Journal of Governance and Regulation 2, no. 4 (2013): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v2_i4_p2.
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This paper discusses the mandatory risk disclosures in Canada under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). U.S. mandatory accounting disclosures of risk are also briefly examined, since some Canadian companies are cross-listed in the US. Mandatory disclosures of risk under the Basel II and Basel III Accords for the international regulation of banks are discussed as well as the assessment of ERM by Standard & Poor’s. The risk disclosures in the Management Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) section of the annual report prescribed by the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) in National Instrument 51-102 Continuous Disclosure Obligations are examined. Since these risk disclosures are voluntary, the actual disclosures in the MD&A section of the annual report are entirely at the discretion of management subject to effective board oversight.
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Roulstone, Darren T. "Effect of SEC Financial Reporting Release No. 48 on Derivative and Market Risk Disclosures." Accounting Horizons 13, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.1999.13.4.343.
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This study compares the disclosures about derivatives and market risk made by 25 SEC registrants in the years before (1996) and after (1997) the adoption of Financial Reporting Release No. 48 (SEC 1997) (FRR No. 48). FRR No. 48 requires firms to disclose how they account for derivatives and provide quantitative and qualitative disclosures about exposure to market risk. Market risk disclosures, encouraged but not required under FAS No. 119, improved greatly under FRR No. 48 but varied widely in detail and clarity. The majority of registrants provided quantitative and qualitative disclosures of market risk; however, only about half of these firms discussed the details and limitations of their risk measurement models and disclosures. Further, certain required or strongly recommended contextual disclosures were almost completely absent. Firms appear to prefer relatively complicated but more discreet disclosure formats to simpler but more revealing disclosure formats. Overall, while registrants greatly increased their disclosures about market risk, the disclosures leave room for improvement in future filings. These findings have significance for disclosure choice in general and the adoption of FAS No. 133 in particular.
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Murata, Rio, and Shigeyuki Hamori. "ESG Disclosures and Stock Price Crash Risk." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14020070.
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In this study, we investigate the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures and stock price crash risk. A stock price crash is a dreadful event for market participants. Thus, exploring stock price crash determinants is helpful for investment decisions and risk management. In this study, we use samples of major market index components in Europe, the United States, and Japan to perform regression analyses, after controlling for other potential stock price crash determinants. We estimate static two-way fixed-effect models and dynamic GMM models. We find that coefficients of firm-level ESG disclosures are not statistically significant in the static model. ESG disclosure coefficients in the dynamic model are not statistically significant in the U.S. market sample. On the other hand, coefficients of ESG disclosure scores in the dynamic model are statistically significant and negative in the European and Japanese marker sample. Our findings suggest that ESG disclosures lower future stock price crash risk; however, the effect and predictive power of ESG disclosures differ among regions.
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Rajgopal, Shivaram. "Early Evidence on the Informativeness of the SEC's Market Risk Disclosures: The Case of Commodity Price Risk Exposure of Oil and Gas Producers." Accounting Review 74, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 251–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.1999.74.3.251.
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The paper provides early evidence on the informativeness of commodity price risk measures required by the Securities and Exchange Commission's new market risk disclosure rules (SEC 1997). I use existing disclosures of oil and gas producers (O&G) to obtain proxies for the tabular and sensitivity analysis disclosures required by the new SEC rules. I find that proxies for the tabular and the sensitivity analysis format are significantly associated with O&G firms' stock return sensitivities to oil and gas price movements. This finding casts doubt on claims that the new market risk disclosures do not reflect firms' risk exposures. The proxies for the tabular format and sensitivity format disclosures are not substitutable explanations of firms' risk exposures. This evidence suggests that disclosures from one disclosure format are not comparable to those from the other reporting format.
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Gunawan, Juniati, and Criselda Elsa. "RISK DISCLOSURES IN THE MOST ADMIRED COMPANY’S REPUTATION." Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing & Informasi 20, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/mraai.v20i2.7628.
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<p>This study aims to examine the influence of risk disclosures on a company's reputation, which was measured by the Indonesia’s Most Admired Company (IMAC) nomination in 2018. The sample applies the whole population registered in the IMAC. There were 133 companies which provided all data required. Using content analysis to calculate risk disclosures as independent variable and company's reputation by the Corporate Image Index (CII) as dependent variable, this study shows that risk disclosures has a significant influence on the company's reputation.</p><p>The results provide a new perspective on disclosure risk and company’s reputation since previous studies were very limited searching on risk disclosures related to corporate image. Since CII is publicly available, the risk disclosures need to be paid attention to balance the information for the stakeholders. Hence, this study contributes greatly for both academic and practice to understand that risk information may impact the corporate reputation, and therefore, adequate and balance disclosure (negative and positive information) is required. </p>
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Madsen, Joshua M., and Jeff L. McMullin. "Economic Consequences of Risk Disclosures: Evidence from Crowdfunding." Accounting Review 95, no. 4 (October 22, 2019): 331–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-52641.
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ABSTRACT On September 20, 2012, the rewards-based crowdfunding platform Kickstarter.com added a “risks and challenges” section to all project pages. While the section header became a mandatory part of the platform, discussion of risks within that section is voluntary and unverified, making this setting particularly useful for identifying the effects of disclosure on both crowdfunders and entrepreneurs. Consistent with increased salience of risks, we find that backer support for high-risk projects decreases after the introduction of this section, but that lengthier risk disclosures mitigate this decrease in backer support. Further analysis reveals that creators who provide lengthier risk disclosures also increase other non-risk disclosures, and that these non-risk disclosures are primarily responsible for the increased backer support. Collectively, we provide evidence that the introduction of a voluntary and unverified risk disclosure reduced information asymmetry within this unregulated market. JEL Classifications: M41; G24; L15; R12; D03.
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Thai, Kevin Huu Phat, and Jacqueline Birt. "Do Risk Disclosures Relating to the Use of Financial Instruments Matter? Evidence from the Australian Metals and Mining Sector." International Journal of Accounting 54, no. 04 (December 2019): 1950017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1094406019500173.
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This paper investigates the value relevance of risk disclosures relating to the use of financial instruments in the Australian metals and mining sector. The metals and mining sector is the largest sector in Australia by the number of companies and includes several of the world’s largest diversified resource producers. Using a manually constructed disclosure index based on AASB 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures, we find that financial instrument-related risk disclosures provide useful information to equity investors. In terms of individual risk category, liquidity risk is shown to be the most informative risk disclosure. We contribute to a stream of the literature examining the informativeness of risk disclosures. The results of this study have implications for several stakeholders regarding the quality assessment of risk reporting. In addition, the findings are of interest to standard setters since further regulatory changes are under consideration to improve the presentation and disclosure of financial instruments.
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Buckby, Sherrena, Gerry Gallery, and Jiacheng Ma. "An analysis of risk management disclosures: Australian evidence." Managerial Auditing Journal 30, no. 8/9 (October 5, 2015): 812–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-09-2013-0934.
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Purpose – Communication of risk management (RM) practices are a critical component of good corporate governance. Research, to date, has been of little benefit in informing regulators internationally. This paper seeks to contribute to the literature by investigating how listed Australian companies disclose RM information in annual report governance statements in accordance with the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) corporate governance framework. Design/methodology/approach – To address this study’s research questions and related hypotheses, the authors examine the top 300 ASX-listed companies by market capitalisation at 30 June 2010. For these firms, the authors identify, code and categorise RM disclosures made in the annual according to the disclosure categories specified in ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations (CGPR). The derived data are then examined using a comprehensive approach comprising thematic content analysis and regression analysis. Findings – The results indicate widespread divergence in disclosure practices and low conformance with the Principle 7 of the ASX CGPR. This result suggests that companies are not disclosing all “material business risks” possibly due to ignorance at the board level, or due to the intentional withholding of sensitive information from financial statement users. The findings also show mixed results across the factors expected to influence disclosure behaviour. While the presence of a risk committee (RC) (in particular, a standalone RC) and technology committee (TC) are found to be associated with some improvement in disclosure levels, the authors do not find evidence that company risk measures (as proxied by equity beta and the market-to-book ratio) are significantly associated with greater levels of RM disclosure. Also, contrary to common findings in the disclosure literature, factors such as board independence and expertise, audit committee independence and the usage of a Big-4 auditor do not seem to impact the level of RM disclosure in the Australian context. Research limitations/implications – The study is limited by the sample and study period selection as the RM disclosures of only the largest (top 300) ASX firms are examined for the fiscal year 2010. Thus, the findings may not be generalisable to smaller firms or earlier/later years. Also, the findings may have limited applicability in other jurisdictions with different regulatory environments. Practical implications – The study’s findings suggest that insufficient attention has been applied to RM disclosures by listed companies in Australia. These results suggest RM disclosures practices observed in the Australian setting may not be meeting the objectives of regulators and the needs of stakeholders. Originality/value – The Australian setting provides an ideal environment to examine RM communication as the ASX has explicitly recommended RM disclosures areas in its principle-based governance rules since 2007 (Principle 7). This differs from other jurisdictions where such disclosure recommendations are typically not provided and provides us with a benchmark to examine the nature and quality of RM disclosures. Despite the recommendation, the authors reveal that low levels and poor RM communication are prevalent in the Australian setting and warrant further investigation.
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Kravet, Todd, and Volkan Muslu. "Textual risk disclosures and investors’ risk perceptions." Review of Accounting Studies 18, no. 4 (May 7, 2013): 1088–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11142-013-9228-9.
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Mihaela, Mocanu, Grose Christos, and Kargidis Theodoros. "Readability of Operational Risk Disclosures of Banks." Studies in Business and Economics 14, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2019-0047.
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AbstractOperational risk has been acknowledged as a major source of material failures in financial firms. Despite the increased concern of financial institutions and their stakeholders on this topic, the literature that deals specifically with the operational risk disclosure in the banking system is scarce. The present research investigates the readability in transparency reports of Romanian banks, and focuses in particular on the operational risk disclosures. The sample consists of 13 commercial banks operating in Romania in 2017. A concise transparency report is characterized by clarity in the expression of concepts, usage of as few words as possible, limited use of technical terms and avoidance of highly generic disclosures. Drawing upon prior research, we expect that banks with lower levels of performance are foggier (i.e. less concise) in order to improve the image resulting from their transparency reports. Additionally, it is expected that the longer an entity has been established, the higher the quality of disclosures, thus the transparency reports of older banks are more concise compared to the recently established banks. Moreover, we posit that larger banks are more likely to provide more readable reports. The research is part of the larger debate related to disclosure and its various impacts on both the recipient and the giver of information. The main contribution is the innovative approach consisting in the textual analysis of transparency risk reports. To the best of our knowledge, we are not aware of any study that examined conciseness in the setting of operational risk disclosure by banks.
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Elgammal, Mohammed M., Khaled Hussainey, and Fatma Ahmed. "Corporate governance and voluntary risk and forward-looking disclosures." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 19, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 592–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-01-2017-0014.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of corporate governance on risk and forward-looking disclosures in Qatar.Design/methodology/approachThe authors automatically measure levels of risk and forward-looking disclosures in the annual reports of Qatari firms for the period 2008–2014. The authors also use two ways clustered error pooled panel regressions to examine the determinants of these disclosures.FindingsThe authors find that firms with a higher percentage of foreign ownership disclose more forward-looking information; conversely, board size has a negative impact on the forward-looking disclosure. Financial firms tend to disclose less forward-looking information, however, they tend to disclose more forward-looking information after the 2008 global financial crisis. The authors also find negative relationships between the risk disclosure and both the number of non-executive members of the board of directors and duality role of the CEO.Research limitations/implicationsThe study uses the quantity of disclosure as a proxy for the quality of disclosure.Practical implicationsThe findings should help the users of corporate annual reports in Qatar to understand managerial incentives for reporting risk and forward-looking information. This should help regulators to set a proper set of disclosure rules. Moreover, this study increases our understanding of the behavior of international investors and the board characteristics (i.e. board size) in motivating risk and forward-looking disclosures in Qatari firms.Originality/valueThe authors provide the original empirical evidence on the impact of corporate ownership and board characteristics on risk and forward-looking disclosures for Qatari firms using two ways clustered error pooled panel regressions.
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Martikainen, Minna, Juha Kinnunen, Antti Miihkinen, and Pontus Troberg. "Board’s financial incentives, competence, and firm risk disclosure." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 16, no. 3 (November 9, 2015): 333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-10-2014-0117.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine novel corporate governance-based determinants of risk disclosures among index-listed Finnish companies. Therefore the focus of the study is on explaining the board’s monitoring role in relation to corporate managers. Design/methodology/approach – Firms’ risk disclosures are analysed in terms of their Quantity and Coverage. The authors focus on two board characteristics not examined in prior related literature: first, non-executive board members’ self-interested financial incentives, measured by their share or option ownership, and annual compensation and second, non-executive board members’ competence, measured by their experience in the company and managerial capability proxied by prior education. The sample is composed of the OMXH-25-listed firms, representing the most traded and followed firms among Finnish publicly listed companies. Findings – The authors find that the risk disclosures of these firms can be explained by financial incentives (wealth and compensation) and competence-related factors (attrition rate and education). The results indicate that among the “best disclosers”, the narrative risk disclosures are, on average, on a high level, and variation in risk reporting is largely associated with board characteristics. Research limitations/implications – The relatively small sample size makes the results vulnerable to type two error. Further research could continue by examining the impact of board work on corporate disclosures across countries and disclosure items. Practical implications – Board members’ financial incentives and competence impact the dynamism of board work. In this way, they are also associated with board members’ disclosure decisions. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the extant literature by demonstrating the impact of previously unexamined board characteristics on the quality of the narrative risk disclosures of highly followed firms.
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Zhang, Xuan, Dennis Taylor, Wen Qu, and Judith Oliver. "Corporate risk disclosures: Influence of institutional shareholders and audit committee." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 4 (2013): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i4c3art5.
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This study investigates the association between corporate risk disclosures and institutional shareholders and audit committees. Using a sample of 66 Australian listed companies, risk disclosures made in 2009 annual reports are analysed. Findings reveal that there is no significant relationship between dedicated-type institutional block shareholders and risk disclosure, which it is argued is consistent with a proprietary information perspective. A positive relationship however is found between transient-type institutional block shareholders and risk disclosures. This result is consistent with a principal that wields limited monitoring resources while achieving high resource dependency over management. Significant positive relationships are found between audit committee independence and risk disclosures.
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McAnally, Mary Lea. "Banks, Risk, and FAS105 Disclosures." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 11, no. 3 (July 1996): 453–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9601100313.
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This study examines whether Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 105 (FAS105) footnote disclosures of off-balance-sheet financial instruments and derivatives provide risk-relevant information in addition to that provided by the balance sheet alone. A theoretical model relates market and industry risk measures to FAS105 disclosures. Empirical tests of the model reveal that these disclosures do provide risk-relevant numbers although the results are not uniformly strong. The balance sheet financial instruments explain 42 percent of the variation in market risk and 45 percent of the variation in industry-level risk among 499 U.S. commercial bank holding companies. FAS105 disclosures of off-balance-sheet instruments and derivative positions explain an additional 5 to 7 percent of the variation. Stronger evidence is presented that shows that certain controversial classes of derivatives are not associated with increased levels of market and industry-level risk. This latter evidence stands in contrast to the current notion that derivative contracts, especially interest rate and currency swaps, increase overall bank riskiness. Results also corroborate the FASB categorization of classes of financial instruments along two important risk dimensions: credit risk and market risk.
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Gao, Lei, Thomas G. Calderon, and Fengchun Tang. "Public companies' cybersecurity risk disclosures." International Journal of Accounting Information Systems 38 (September 2020): 100468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2020.100468.
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Hodder, Leslie, Lisa Koonce, and Mary Lea McAnally. "SEC Market Risk Disclosures: Implications for Judgment and Decision Making." Accounting Horizons 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2001.15.1.49.
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In this paper, we draw on judgment and decision-making research to examine the behavioral implications of the SEC's Financial Reporting Release No. 48 on market risk disclosures. While these disclosures have been examined using archival data, no research has investigated how these disclosures might affect individual users of financial statements. The purpose of our paper is to draw on research in the judgment and decision-making arena to identify and analyze the behavioral implications of the new risk disclosures. We offer three conclusions. First, FRR No. 48 users may have more complex evaluations of risk than perhaps anticipated by the SEC. Second, the flexibility accorded firms in FRR No. 48 will adversely affect users' risk judgments. Third, because the Release does not require disclosure of certain quantitative information that is important to risk assessments, inappropriate risk assessments may result. We believe our insights can help others conduct research in this important area and can help the SEC when they revisit the disclosure requirements in FRR No. 48.
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Kothari, S. P., Xu Li, and James E. Short. "The Effect of Disclosures by Management, Analysts, and Business Press on Cost of Capital, Return Volatility, and Analyst Forecasts: A Study Using Content Analysis." Accounting Review 84, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 1639–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2009.84.5.1639.
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ABSTRACT: We document systematic evidence of risk effects of disclosures culled from a virtually exhaustive set of sources from the print medium. We content analyze more than 100,000 disclosure reports by management, analysts, and news reporters (i.e., business press) in constructing firm-specific disclosure measures that are quantitative and amenable to replication. We expect credibility and timeliness differences in the disclosures by source, which would translate into differential cost of capital effects. We find that when content analysis indicates favorable disclosures, the firm's risk, as proxied by the cost of capital, stock return volatility, and analyst forecast dispersion, declines significantly. In contrast, unfavorable disclosures are accompanied by significant increases in risk measures. Analysis of disclosures by source—corporations, analysts, and the business press—reveals that negative disclosures from business press sources result in increased cost of capital and return volatility, and favorable reports from business press reduce the cost of capital and return volatility.
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Serrasqueiro, Rogério Marques, and Tânia Sofia Mineiro. "Corporate risk reporting: Analysis of risk disclosures in the interim reports of public Portuguese non-financial companies." Contaduría y Administración 63, no. 2 (April 10, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2018.1615.
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<p class="Default">Fast changing environments, globalization, coupled with financial scandals, and the advance of information technologies made corporate risk a very central issue in management and accounting. Current governance codes require that management disclose in annual reports its responsibility for the adequacy of risk management and internal control systems and the disclosure of risk and uncertainties faced by companies are required by both governance codes and corporate reporting. This study seeks to capture risk disclosure patterns adopted by public Portuguese companies in interim reports and to investigate whether the audit quality may explain the observed risk disclosures practices. Manual content analysis has been carried out in the interim reports of 35 non-financial Portuguese firms ranked by decreasing market capitalization to create indexes of corporate risk disclosure, which have been used for observing the tone of disclosure and for testing an explanatory model with proxies of audit quality together with other explanatory variables widely used in disclosure research. Results point out that quantified risk disclosure prevails in interim reports and that firm’s risk disclosure policies are not influenced by auditor’s quality. This work contributes to academic and regulatory environments, filling the gap about risk disclosure in the interim report, identifying the nature of corporate risk disclosures, assessing the quality of risk information and updating research about determinants of risk disclosure in interim reports.</p>
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Coulmont, Michel, Sylvie Berthelot, and Caroline Talbot. "Risk disclosure and firm risk: Evidence from Canadian firms." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 10, no. 1 (2020): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv10i1p4.
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In recent decades, financial and accounting regulators have turned the spotlight on risk management and disclosure. Like securities regulators in the United States, the United Kingdom and several other countries, Canadian Securities Administrators have set out requirements for the disclosure and discussion of risks in the MD&A section of annual reports. Responding positively to these new guidelines, organisations now report many risks in their MD&A. These disclosure requirements are intended to provide information about a company’s material risks to help stakeholders understand and evaluate interrelated risks, the risks’ impact and the company’s risk management strategies (Khandelwal, Kumar, Verma, & Pratap Singh, 2019). However, since the nature of the risks disclosed derives wholly from organisational decisions, the content of these disclosures can be considered voluntary. For this reason, some critics argue that risk disclosures are by and large boilerplate in nature (Bao & Datta, 2014; Hope, Hu, & Lu, 2016). From this perspective, this study aims to examine whether there is a relationship between the risks firms disclose in their annual reports and their systematic risk. The regression analyses were carried out on the risks disclosed by a sample of 200 Canadian companies included in the 2016 Toronto Stock Exchange S&P/TSX Composite Index. These analyses revealed a positive and significant relationship between the risks disclosed and the firms’ systematic risk. Our results support the regulatory approaches respecting this type of information adopted by a number of countries. Accordingly, disclosing the risks that companies face should help small investors understand and appreciate them.
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Waikar, Vilas G., and Sigfred Fernandes. "Distress Analysis and Risk Score of Hotels." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 9, no. 3 (July 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2020070101.
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This article is first study of a service firm's risk/risk management score and Zeta function, particularly . analysis how risk disclosure and financial performance varies longitudinally. Using mix methodology, research uses Z score-discriminant function Z_I= ∑_(i=1)^n〖β_i X_i 〗 Z, X -specific to hotel industry and the risk scores, extracted from analysis of formal disclosures from annual reports . This article identifies that risk and risk management practices differ across hotel formats. The analysis of Z scores and risk disclosures reveals the association between these variables. The international hotels in comparison to national and local hotels are more distressed and hence have high risk scores confirming awareness of strength of this relation. Local standalone hotels are exhibiting high volatility and exhibit low risk score. This unique relationship between z score and risk disclosures will prove to have sustained relevance to risk academicians and practitioners.
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Yusoff, Haslinda, Faizah Darus, Mustaffa Mohamed Zain, Yussri Sawani, and Tamoi Janggu. "ENVIRONMENTAL RISK DISCLOSURE PRACTICE IN MALAYSIA: AN EMPHASIS ON PLANTATION INDUSTRY." Management and Accounting Review (MAR) 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mar.v18i1.703.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental-related risk management practices of publicly listed companies in Malaysia. A content analysis on the 2012 to 2014 annual and sustainability reports of all companies in the plantation industry has been carried out. Using a disclosure rating index, the quantity and quality of the environmental-related risks disclosures have been examined. The results reveal that the quantity and quality of disclosures are rather low and minimal. “Pollution and abatement-commitment” is found to be the most disclosed category and information, followed by “environmental conservation-energy”, whilst, “pollution and abatement–noise outdoor” is the least disclosed one. Generally, majority of the disclosures showed a decreasing trend. These findings generally put forward an initial idea that the plantation companies in Malaysia gave minimal attention to environmental risk reporting henceforth signify that disclosure practice is not critical to their sustainability agenda and value creation.
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Dobler, Michael, Kaouthar Lajili, and Daniel Zéghal. "Corporate environmental sustainability disclosures and environmental risk." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 11, no. 3 (September 7, 2015): 301–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-10-2013-0081.
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Purpose – This paper aims to propose and apply a novel risk-based approach to explore whether socio-political theories explain the level of corporate environmental disclosures given inconclusive evidence on the relation between environmental disclosure and environmental performance. Design/methodology/approach – Based on content analysis of corporate risk reporting, the paper develops measures of environmental risk to proxy for a firm’s exposure to public pressure in regard to environmental concerns that should be positively associated with the level of corporate environmental disclosures according to socio-political theories. Multiple regressions are used to test the predictions of socio-political theories for US Standards and Poor’s 500 constituents from polluting sectors. Findings – The level of environmental disclosures is found to be positively associated with a firm’s environmental risk while unrelated to its environmental performance. The findings suggest that firms tend to provide higher levels of environmental disclosures in response to greater exposure to public pressure as depicted by broad environmental indicators. The results are robust to alternative measures of environmental disclosures, environmental risk and environmental performance, alternative specifications of the economic model and additional sensitivity checks. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited to US firms in polluting sectors. The risk-based approach proposed may not be appropriate to cover sectors where corporate risk reporting is less likely to address environmental risk, but it could potentially be adopted in other countries with advanced risk reporting regulation or practice. Practical implications – Findings are important to understand a firm’s incentives to disclose environmental information. Cross-sectional differences found in environmental disclosures, risk and performance, highlight the importance of considering industry affiliation when analyzing environmental data. Originality/value – This paper is the first to use firm-level environmental risk variables to explain the level of corporate environmental disclosures. The risk-based approach taken suggests opportunities for research at the multi-country level and in countries where corporate environmental performance data are not publicly available.
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Harker, Callan, Maureen Hassall, Paul Lant, Nikodem Rybak, and Paul Dargusch. "What Can Machine Learning Teach Us about Australian Climate Risk Disclosures?" Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 10000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610000.
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There seems to be no agreed taxonomy for climate-related risks. The information in firms’ climate risk disclosures represents a new resource for identifying the priorities and strategies of Australian companies’ management of climate risk. This research surveys 839 companies listed on the Australian Stock Exchange for the presence of climate risk disclosures, identifying 201 disclosures on climate risk. The types of climate risks and the risk management strategies were extracted and evaluated using machine learning. The analysis revealed that Australian firms are focused on acute physical climate risks, followed by market and regulatory risks. The predominant management strategy for these risks was to use a risk reduction approach, rather than avoiding or transferring risk. The analysis showed that key Australian industry sectors, such as materials, banking, insurance, and energy are focusing on different mixtures of risk types, but they are all primarily managing risks through risk-reduction strategies. An underlying driver of climate risk disclosure was composed of the financial implications of climate risk, particularly with respect to acute physical risks. The research showed that emission reductions represent a primary consideration for Australian firms in their disclosures identifying how they are responding to climate risk. Further research using machine learning to evaluate climate risk disclosure should focus on analysing entire climate risk reports for key topics and trends over time.
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Hodder, Leslie, and Mary Lea McAnally. "SEC Market-Risk Disclosures: Enhancing Comparability." Financial Analysts Journal 57, no. 2 (March 2001): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/faj.v57.n2.2434.
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Barth, Mary E. "Discussion: “Banks, Risk, and FAS105 Disclosures”." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 11, no. 3 (July 1996): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9601100314.
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Hsu, Audrey Wen-hsin, Hamid Pourjalali, and Yi-Ju Song. "Fair value disclosures and crash risk." Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics 14, no. 3 (December 2018): 358–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2018.10.003.
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Wasiuzzaman, Shaista, Fook Lye Kevin Yong, Sheela Devi D. Sundarasen, and Noor Shahaliza Othman. "Impact of disclosure of risk factors on the initial returns of initial public offerings (IPOs)." Accounting Research Journal 31, no. 1 (May 8, 2018): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-09-2016-0122.
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Purpose When a firm goes public for the first time, its prospectus serves as an important reference for investors. It is required by regulation that the risk factors which have significant influence on the business be disclosed in the prospectus. The purpose of this study is to analyze how disclosure of these risk factors influences the initial returns of initial public offerings (IPOs). Design/methodology/approach To do this, a sample of 96 Malaysian new equity offerings (IPOs) from year 2009 to year 2013 is used. Ordinary least squares regression technique is used to regress initial returns against risk disclosures. Aside from overall risk disclosure, individual dimensions of risk (internal risk, external risk and investment risk) are also considered. Findings Results of the regression analyses reveal a direct relationship between the IPO initial returns and the disclosure of risk. Overall risk disclosure is found to be highly significant in influencing initial returns. However, further investigation into the individual group of risks shows that only investment risk is highly significant in influencing IPO initial returns. Originality/value The results found in this study are interesting as, unlike prior studies, it is shown that disclosures of internal and external risks are not significant in influencing investors’ actions possibly because of their generalizability, whereas disclosures related to investment risks are significant. Equity of firms which disclose more of its risk factors can be expected to generate higher initial returns.
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Zhang, XuanXuan, Dennis Taylor, Victoria Wise, and Wen Qu. "Institutional ownership, audit committee and risk disclosure – Evidence from Australian stock market." Corporate Board role duties and composition 9, no. 3 (2013): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv9i3art6.
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This study investigates the influence of institutional ownership and audit committees corporate risk disclosures. Focusing on analysing firms’ risk disclosures make in their 2009 annual reports, our sample constitutes a sample of 66 Australian listed firms. We divide institutional shareholders into dedicated-type institutional block shareholders and transient-type institutional block shareholders. We find that while there is no significant relationship between dedicated-type institutional block shareholders and risk disclosure, there is a positive relationship between transient-type institutional block shareholders and risk disclosures. Our result is consistent with a principal that wields limited monitoring resources while achieving high resource dependency over management. We also find a significant and positive relationship between audit committee independence and risk disclosures, showing the positive role played by audit committee in improving the information transparency and reducing information asymmetry in capital market.
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Palmer, Richard J., and Thomas V. Schwarz. "Improving the FASB's Requirements for Off-Balance-Sheet Market Risk Disclosures." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 10, no. 3 (July 1995): 521–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9501000306.
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This paper discusses the requirements and limitations associated with SFAS No. 105 market risk disclosures, empirically examines the current implementation of SFAS No. 105 in the financial disclosures of financial institutions, and proposes improvements to the market risk disclosures presently required by the FASB. The results of the empirical analysis of 35 large U.S. financial institutions show that (1) many firms indicated a concern that statement users are not able to clearly distinguish between required contract dollar amount disclosures and actual risks; (2) although most firms use instruments with OBS risk for proprietary hedging and trading, no firm provides a useful detailed breakdown of the degree of risk attributable to these different activities; (3) the greatest conformity in reporting occurs in those firms with the largest contract dollar volume (in absolute terms and as a percent of equity); and (4) very few firms take any initiative in the reporting of additional disclosures. In light of these findings, this paper proposes a new method of market risk disclosure that is based on the margin required by exchanges and their Clearing Corporations. Margin disclosure is shown to be superior to SFAS No. 105 requirements in that it (1) directly correlates with the true risk of a firm's position, (2) is based on the entire financial position of a firm, (3) is easily obtained for even the most complex financial positions, (4) is dynamic in response to changing market conditions, (5) is determined by an independent third party whose main interest is the measurement of market risk, and (6) is a numeric rather than descriptive measure.
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Al-Hadi, Ahmed, Mostafa Monzur Hasan, and Ahsan Habib. "Risk Committee, Firm Life Cycle, and Market Risk Disclosures." Corporate Governance: An International Review 24, no. 2 (July 14, 2015): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/corg.12115.
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Wei, Lu, Guowen Li, Jianping Li, and Xiaoqian Zhu. "Bank risk aggregation with forward-looking textual risk disclosures." North American Journal of Economics and Finance 50 (November 2019): 101016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2019.101016.
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Badia, Marc, Mary E. Barth, Miguel Duro, and Gaizka Ormazabal. "Firm Risk and Disclosures about Dispersion of Asset Values: Evidence from Oil and Gas Reserves." Accounting Review 95, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-52445.
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ABSTRACT The question we address is whether mandated disclosure about dispersion of nonfinancial asset values can provide information relevant to assessing firm risk. Using a sample of Canadian oil and gas (O&G) firms between 2004 and 2011, we find that the difference between the disclosed 10th and 50th percentiles from the O&G reserves distribution, which measures dispersion of the distribution, is positively associated with future total and idiosyncratic equity return volatility, systematic risk, and credit risk. We also find that disclosure of increased reserves dispersion is associated with weaker stock price reactions to increases in reserves and with increases in bid-ask spreads, both of which indicate the disclosures convey information about risk associated with reserves. Additional tests reveal little evidence of managerial opportunism in the reserves disclosures. Taken together, our evidence suggests that quantitative disclosures about the dispersion of nonfinancial asset values can provide information relevant to assessing firm risk.
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Filzen, Joshua J. "The Information Content of Risk Factor Disclosures in Quarterly Reports." Accounting Horizons 29, no. 4 (June 1, 2015): 887–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-51175.
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SYNOPSIS I examine whether recently required risk factor update disclosures in quarterly reports provide investors with timely information regarding potential future negative economic events. Specifically, I examine whether risk factor updates in 10-Q filings are associated with negative abnormal returns at the time the updates are disclosed and whether quarterly updates are followed by negative earnings shocks. I find that firms presenting updates to their risk factor disclosures have significantly lower abnormal returns around the filing date of the 10-Q relative to firms without updates. I also find that firms with updates to their risk factors section have significantly lower future unexpected earnings and are more likely to experience future extreme negative earnings shocks. These findings suggest that the recent disclosure requirement mandated by the SEC was successful in generating timely disclosure of bad news. JEL Classifications: M41; M48; D80; G18. Data Availability: Please contact the author for data availability.
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Rose, Jacob M., Carolyn Strand Norman, and Anna M. Rose. "Perceptions of Investment Risk Associated with Material Control Weakness Pervasiveness and Disclosure Detail." Accounting Review 85, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 1787–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.5.1787.
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ABSTRACT: This research examines whether investors adjust their assessments of investment risk in response to material control weakness disclosures, the pervasiveness of material control weaknesses, and the detail of explanation provided regarding the pervasiveness of material control weaknesses. Findings from a laboratory experiment with 97 nonprofessional investors, a second experiment with 53 nonprofessional investors, and surveys of 47 investors and 28 Fortune 500 directors confirm prior archival findings that investors adjust their investment risk assessments in response to material weakness disclosures. More importantly, we find evidence of an interactive effect of material control weakness pervasiveness and disclosure detail that is counter to the expected benefits of expanded disclosure desired by corporate directors. When material weakness disclosures include specific and detailed discussion of the pervasiveness of control weaknesses, investors increase assessments of investment risk for less pervasive weaknesses and decrease assessments of risk for more pervasive weaknesses. Results indicate that these findings are driven by different levels of investor trust in management.
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Saidi, Fethi. "Determinants of Basel III Risk Disclosures: The Case of Gulf Cooperation Council Public Banks." Asian Journal of Business and Accounting 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 103–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol15no1.4.
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Manuscript Type: Research paper Research aims: The purpose of this paper is to investigate and examine the determinants of risk disclosure practices under Basel 3, Pillar 3 (revised 2016 version) requirements of the top 50 listed banks in the Gulf Countries region (GCC). The study covers the period 2016-2019. Design/Methodology/Approach: The present study is based on a content analysis approach to allow the measurement of risk disclosures. Six risk disclosure categories were identified as the major sections regarding this particular type of reporting. The analysis covers both quantitative and qualitative data that had been hand collected from the annuals reports and Pillar 3 risk disclosures reports. From a regulatory perspective, the study refers to the most relevant international accounting standards, namely, Basel III Agreement Pillar 3 (2016 revised version), and IFRS 7. Research findings: It is expected that the GCC major banks, even though they must comply with the same risk disclosure regulation, will demonstrate specific disparities in their risk reporting. The results of the study suggest that Basel III risk reporting is significantly determined by size, leverage, cross listing, and government ownership. Theoretical contributions/Originality: The present study contributes to the literature by documenting the level of compliance of the top GCC banks with the recent BCBS risk disclosure requirements, and by providing empirical evidence regarding the quality of the released risk disclosures and its potential determinants. Another major contribution of the paper is the development of a self-constructed disclosure index that reflects the most recent Basel III disclosure regulations (Pillar 3, 2016 version). Practical implications: The findings of this study could be appreciated from different angles. From a regulatory perspective, this study might be insightful to GCC baking regulators in term of developing appropriate policies that will bring the banks to responsibly and professionally adopt an acceptable level of risk disclosure. At the global level, the findings could be insightful to the IASB concerning the degree of compliance of the banks in the region with IFRSs related to risk reporting. Thus, it can help the IASB consider institutional differences among countries when revising its pronouncements. Research limitations/Implications: The findings of the present study would be understood in light of some limitations. First, in the present study, we considered only the top 50 GCC listed banks, which could impede the generalisation of the results from the content analysis and the regression on the rest of the banks in the region. Second, we were interested in this research about the implementation of the new 2016 market discipline Pillar 3 disclosures requirement. Expanding the time frame of the study could reveal additional insights into risk disclosure practices. Keywords: Corporate Risk Disclosures Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), Basel III, Pillar 3, Market Discipline, IFRS 7, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) JEL Classification: G21,G28,G32,G34,G38
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Morris, Louis A., Michael B. Mazis, and David Brinberg. "Risk Disclosures in Televised Prescription Drug Advertising to Consumers." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 8, no. 1 (January 1989): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391568900800106.
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Advertising prescription drugs directly to the public is a marketing strategy currently being considered by several manufacturers. However, direct-to-consumer advertising is discouraged because federal regulations mandate extensive disclosure of product risks within television commercials. An experimental study of 676 subjects was performed to examine the impact of risk disclosure variations in television commercials on awareness and knowledge of both the warnings and the promotional messages. The amount, specificity, and format of risk information contained in the ads was varied while the promotional message remained constant. Results indicated a “trade-off” in risk/benefit communications. Risk disclosures that produced greater risk awareness and knowledge also reduced promotional message awareness and knowledge.
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Taylor, Eileen, and Jennifer Riley. "Leveling the playing field for less-sophisticated non-professional investors." Journal of Capital Markets Studies 1, no. 1 (October 13, 2017): 36–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcms-10-2017-004.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how non-professional investors (NPIs) with varying levels of financial sophistication interpret and perceive corporate disclosures and management credibility, specifically risk factors, when those disclosures are presented in readable and less-readable formats. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses an online experiment to test hypotheses related to the effects of financial sophistication (measured) and readability (manipulated) on NPIs’ equity valuations and perceptions of management credibility (competence and trustworthiness). Findings Increased readability appears to counteract less-sophisticated NPIs’ conservatism in equity valuations, such that they are not statistically significantly different from more-sophisticated NPIs’ equity valuations. Further, less-sophisticated NPIs judge management as less competent when disclosures are less readable, while more-sophisticated NPIs judge management as more competent when disclosures are less readable. Research limitations/implications The paper has important implications for the SEC’s regulations related to plain English requirements for risk factor and other corporate disclosures. Financial sophistication varies among NPIs, and readability appears to influence these individuals in different ways. Practical implications The SEC’s Concept Release (April 13, 2016) acknowledges the need to update and improve risk factor disclosure regulations. This study provides evidence that contributes to those decisions. Originality/value The paper extends the research on processing fluency, by examining readability of disclosures with a consistent tone (negative). The NPIs surveyed are directly representative of the population of interest for risk factor disclosure regulations.
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Neri, Lorenzo, and Antonella Russo. "Risk Disclosures in the Annual Reports of Italian Listed Companies." FINANCIAL REPORTING, no. 3 (June 2014): 141–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/fr2013-003007.
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The study examines the relevance of risk reporting in the field of firm voluntary disclosure with an empirical work on Italian listed firms. The motivation of this study is the implementation of the Directive 51/2003/CE in Italy (D.Lgs. 32/2007), a sample of companies listed on the Italian Stock Exchange is selected to investigate the relationship between risk disclosure and company characteristics. This paper explores whether there are significant increases in risk reporting over a period of five years and investigates if risk disclosure is influenced only by new law requirement or also by other possible drivers. A content analysis is performed to obtain a measure of risk narrative disclosure. Then several hypothesis tests are carried out to verify whether there are any corporate differences between companies with different levels of risk disclosure, using univariate and multivariate analysis. Our results on the first question document significant increases in Italian companies' levels of risk disclosures. We find also that the disclosure is not only determined by the new law requirements but also by other drivers such as company size.
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Nelson, Mark W., and Kathy K. Rupar. "Numerical Formats within Risk Disclosures and the Moderating Effect of Investors' Concerns about Management Discretion." Accounting Review 90, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 1149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50916.
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ABSTRACT We report the results of two experiments that provide evidence that investors' risk judgments are affected by the numerical format used to describe outcomes within accounting disclosures. Consistent with prior research in psychology, investors assess higher risk in response to dollar-formatted disclosures than to equivalent percentage-formatted disclosures. Consistent with the Persuasion Knowledge Model (Friestad and Wright 1994), this effect is moderated when investors have both (1) awareness that management has discretion over format, and (2) sufficient cognitive capacity to consider its implications. Our results provide insight about the effects of current disclosure formats and suggest implications for managers who choose formats, investors who interpret formatted information, and regulators who consider whether to further prescribe the formats that are used in financial disclosures.
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Yen, Ju-Chun, Shu-Hsing Li, and Kuo-Tay Chen. "Product market competition and firms’ narrative disclosures: evidence from risk factor disclosures." Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics 23, no. 1 (January 22, 2015): 43–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2014.1003569.
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Backmon, Ida Robinson, and Donn W. Vickrey. "An Empirical Examination of the Relationship between Bond Risk Premiums and Loss Contingency Disclosures." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 12, no. 2 (April 1997): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9701200204.
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Prior research on the relationship between loss contingency disclosures and equity market parameters implies that such disclosures may provide useful information to equity market participants. However, there is no empirical evidence on the relationship between loss contingency data and bond market parameters. Using methods from continuous-finance theory, we model risk premiums on new issues as a function of default risk, issue traits, the risk-free rate, the severity level of loss contingency disclosures, and the frequency of such disclosures. Our results imply that both the severity-level and frequency of reported contingencies are positively related to the magnitude of risk premiums assessed on new bond issues. In economic terms, a one-unit increase in the severity level of a contingency disclosure increases the yield premium by 0.034 percentage points. Similarly, each additional contingency reported by the firm during our sample period increased the yield premium by 0.305 percentage points.
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Ng, Sin Huei, and Chen Suen Lee. "Does IPO prospectus in Malaysia disclose relevant risk?" Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 11, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjba-08-2019-0164.
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Purpose The study intends to shed lights on whether the risk factors disclosed in the initial public offering (IPO) prospectus in Malaysia are able to reflect the actual risks of stocks once they are traded on the exchange. In other words, the purpose of this paper is to explore whether prospective investors will be able to benefit, in terms of the more accurate risk information, from the risk disclosures in the IPO-prospectus. Design/methodology/approach Using data obtained from 118 IPO prospectuses of Malaysian companies that issued shares on Bursa Malaysia in the period from 2009 to 2016, the authors investigated whether the “risk factor” section in the IPO prospectuses provides sufficient risk-relevant information to investors. To determine whether companies disclose risk-relevant information, a detailed content analysis of the risk sections was carried out to obtain an aggregate measure of risk disclosure. Findings The findings revealed that the aggregate measures of risk extracted from these texts did not successfully predict the following outcomes: the volatility of companies’ future stock prices, the sensitivity of future stock prices to market-wide fluctuations and the severe declines in future stock prices. Practical implications As indicated by the findings, the authors, therefore, deduce that the IPO prospectuses of Malaysian companies do not provide sufficient risk-relevant information in the risk factor section. The findings imply that overall the management of Malaysian companies would neither be able nor willing to disclose the right and relevant information to the public via IPO prospectus. Originality/value Many corporate risk disclosure studies focus primarily on the disclosures of annual reports of companies. The study intends to fill the gap by focusing on the risk disclosure in the IPO-prospectus. Risk disclosures in IPO-prospectus are farmore extensive than annual reports and, therefore, provide a richness of information that will not be available in the annual reports.
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Ramabulana, Khuthadzo, and Riyad Moosa. "Disclosure of Risks and Opportunities in the Integrated Reports of South African Banks." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15120551.
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This study examined the disclosure of risks and opportunities in the integrated reports (IRs) of the top five banks in South Africa. It assesses whether the risk and opportunity disclosures provided comply with the requirements of the International Integrated Reporting Framework (IIRF), as well as the nature of the risks and opportunities disclosed in the IR. This study takes a qualitative approach and employs an interpretivist paradigm. The information for this study was obtained through content analysis of the individual banks’ latest available IRs. A checklist was created as a measuring tool to evaluate disclosure practices. The findings showed that three of the selected banks disclosed all the requirements contained in the IIRF regarding risks and opportunities, while two banks only partially complied as they did not provide disclosures about their opportunities. The findings concerning the nature of risk disclosures show that the selected banks disclosed 38 themes related to risks, and the findings concerning the nature of opportunity disclosures show that the selected banks disclosed 14 themes related to opportunities. Furthermore, the results show that those in charge of preparing the IRs provide a thorough disclosure of risks, while there is room for improvement concerning disclosure of opportunities.
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Savitri, Enni, Tatang Ary Gumanti, and Nelly Yulinda. "Enterprise risk-based management disclosures and firm value of Indonesian finance companies." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(4).2020.33.
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Rapid changes in business transactions and technology development have made risk-based management a significant issue for business entities. The ability in managing risk would lead to a better firm value. This study investigates the effect of enterprise risk-based management disclosures (ERMD) and intellectual capital (IC) on firm value. It also tests the moderating effect of profitability on the relationship ERMD and IC with firm value. It examines the annual reports of 49 finance firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data cover three years, from 2016 to 2018. It employs panel data regression to test the hypotheses. The results show that the effect of ERMD and IC on firm value is partially and positively moderated by profitability. The findings show that the application of ERDM and IC can increase firm value. The originality of this study is that profitability can moderate the effect of ERMD and IC on firm value. The increase of ERMD and IC management within the company must be balanced with profitability to raise capital from outside the company to increase firm value. AcknowledgmentThe Research was conducted with the support of the Universitas Riau, Indonesia.
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Janggu, Tamoi, Yussri Sawani, Haslinda Yusoff, Faizah Darus, and Mustaffa Mohamed Zain. "DOES SOCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT MATTER? INFLUENCING FACTORS AND THEIR LINK TO FIRMS’ FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES." Management and Accounting Review (MAR) 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mar.v16i2.669.
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This article deals with the growing pressures and demands for emerging risk reporting that may help interested users assess the importance of social risk management for sustainable development. The objectives of this study were to examine the influence of individual and institutional ownership and stakeholders on social risk disclosures and the joint effects on firms’ financial performances. A content analysis on the 2013 and 2014 annual reports of all plantation companies was carried out and analyzed using partial least square (SEM_PLS) software version 3.2. Based on the tests, we found significant relationships between institutional ownership and the number of stakeholders with social risk disclosures. However, there were no significant relationships between individual ownership and social risk disclosures. In addition, we found significant relationships between social risks and firms’ financial performances. These findings revealed that institutional shareholders and the number of stakeholders had a significant influence in deciding the disclosure of social risk information. Interestingly to note that social risk information was found to be statistically significant on firms’ financial performance as measured by the firms’ net profits. This paper, therefore, endorsed the growing demand to fully embed social risk management in companies’ operations by both institutional shareholders and stakeholders in general.
Keywords: Social Risk, Sustainability, Disclosure, Content Analysis, Malaysia
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Gupta, Khushboo, T. V. Raman, O. S. Deol, and Kanishka Gupta. "Impact of risk disclosures on IPO performance: Evidence from India." Finance: Theory and Practice 25, no. 6 (December 22, 2021): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2020-25-6-128-144.
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The main aim of the paper is to explore the performance of Indian IPOs in the context of risk disclosures in the offer documents. For the purpose of assessing the impact of risk disclosure factors on initial returns, subsequent returns and post issue risk of IPOs, the study has implemented ordinary least square regression. The study has analysed 109 IPOs that were listed in two main Indian stock exchanges (BSE and NSE) from 2015–2019. Outcomes of the present study are contrary to the previous studies which showed that information disclosure reduces the asymmetry, which is touted as the main reason for underpricing, the present study did not find any association between risk disclosures and underpricing. Quantitative risk measures showed positive association with 1-year returns, but qualitative measures failed to show any association. The post issue risk of the firms showed positive association with external risk factors listed in prospectus and negative association with liquidity. The results of this study are useful for the investors as based on the results they can make decisions about investing in Indian IPOs. Besides, the managers of issuing companies and lead managers of issues can use the results of this study to improve the pricing of issues. To the best of the authors’ knowledge no study has been done before in the Indian context which is specific to risk disclosures (quantitative and qualitative measures) and IPO performance. The present study seeks to fill this gap and contribute to the existing literature.
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Bao, Yang, and Anindya Datta. "Simultaneously Discovering and Quantifying Risk Types from Textual Risk Disclosures." Management Science 60, no. 6 (June 2014): 1371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1930.
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Waikar, Vilas G., Purva Hegde Desai, and Nilesh Anil Borde. "Risk and risk management disclosures: evidence from hotels in Goa." International Journal of Qualitative Research in Services 2, no. 2 (2015): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijqrs.2015.076913.
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