Journal articles: 'Rising temperatures'

1

Frazier, Camille. "Rising Temperatures." Anthropology News 58, no. 4 (July 2017): e385-e388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/an.521.

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Pascual, Mercedes, and Menno J. Bouma. "Do rising temperatures matter." Ecology 90, no. 4 (April 2009): 906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0730.1.

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Gaffen, Dian J. "Falling satellites, rising temperatures?" Nature 394, no. 6694 (August 1998): 615–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/29163.

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Fischetti, Mark. "Rising Temperatures Hit Species Hotspots." Scientific American 311, no. 2 (July 15, 2014): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0814-84.

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Holland, G. J. "Hurricanes and rising global temperatures." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 48 (November 15, 2012): 19513–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1216735109.

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Minor, Kelton, Andreas Bjerre-Nielsen, Sigga Svala Jonasdottir, Sune Lehmann, and Nick Obradovich. "Rising temperatures erode human sleep globally." One Earth 5, no. 5 (May 2022): 534–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.008.

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Asseng, S., F. Ewert, P. Martre, R. P. Rötter, D. B. Lobell, D. Cammarano, B. A. Kimball, et al. "Rising temperatures reduce global wheat production." Nature Climate Change 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2014): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2470.

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Pearce, Fred. "Rising temperatures bring their own CO2." New Scientist 197, no. 2648 (March 2008): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(08)60701-0.

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Whyte, Chelsea. "Suicide increase linked to rising temperatures." New Scientist 239, no. 3188 (July 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(18)31328-9.

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Ma, Dong Min, Ya Bing Lin, and Wei Ma. "Temperature-Rising Desorption of CBM." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.364.

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In order to study the effects of CBM temperature-rising desorption, the isothermal adsorption /desorption experiments on three coal-ranks （anthracite，coking coal and lignite）at different temperatures were designed based on the traditional CBM decompression desorption. The experimental results show that temperature-rising desorption is more effective in high-rank coal and raising the temperature of high-rank coal reservoir can reduce the negative effect of Coal Matrix Shrinkage in the process of production and improve the permeability of coal reservoir. It is also revealed that the technique of temperature-rising desorption used in higher-rank coal reservoir can enhance CBM recovery ratio. This study has provided theoretical support for the application of temperature-rising desorption technique to practical diacharging and mining projects and can effectively solve gas production “bottleneck” problem.

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Yao, Xiao Lin. "Study on Ignition Time of Radiation Cargo in Irradiation Room under Stuck Radioactive Sources." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2607.

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Ignition temperatures of common radiation cargo in irradiation room were measured through the experiments, minimum ignition temperature is 210 °C. In order to discuss the temperature variation and temperature field under stuck radioactive sources, the fire scenario was presented and simulated by FDS. The results show that temperatures rise rapidly when stuck radioactive source broke out within an hour. As the growth of the time, temperatures in irradiation room are rising, but the rising rate is slowing. The temperature field in the irradiation room tends to be the same after three hours. The stuck radioactive source occurred after 2.4 days later, local temperatures can reach 210 °C, and radiation cargo may be ignited.

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Schiermeier, Quirin. "Artefacts in ocean data hide rising temperatures." Nature 447, no. 7140 (May 2007): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/447008a.

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Lemordant, Léo, and Pierre Gentine. "Vegetation Response to Rising CO2Impacts Extreme Temperatures." Geophysical Research Letters 46, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 1383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018gl080238.

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Yao, Xiao Lin. "Study on Fire Risk Assessment on Round Irradiation Room of Stacking under Stuck Radioactive Sources." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.512.

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The typical 60Co round irradiation room of stacking has been taken as a research subject. Ignition temperatures of common radiation cargo were measured through the experiments, minimum ignition temperature is 210 °C. In order to discuss the temperature variation and temperature field under stuck radioactive sources, the fire scenario was presented and simulated by FDS. The results show that temperatures rise rapidly when stuck radioactive source broke out within an hour. As the growth of the time, temperatures in irradiation room are rising, but the rising rate is slowing. The temperature field in the irradiation room tends to be the same after two hours. The stuck radioactive source occurred after 7.2 days later, local temperatures can reach 210 °C, and radiation cargo may be ignited.

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Alhanaee, Ghena, Kelly Sanders, and Najmedin Meshkati. "Rising Temperatures, Rising Risks: The Food-Energy-Water Nexus in the Persian Gulf." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 8 (March 29, 2017): 4117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00688.

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Yao, Xiao Lin. "Study on Fire Risk Assessment on Irradiation Room under Stuck Radioactive Sources." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.507.

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Ignition temperatures of common radiation cargo in irradiation room were measured through the experiment, minimum ignition temperature is 210 °C. In order to discuss the temperature variation under stuck radioactive sources, two fire scenarios were presented and simulated by FDS. The results show that temperatures rise rapidly when stuck radioactive sources broke out within an hour. As the growth of the time, temperatures in irradiation room are rising, but the rising rate is slowing. In fire scenario A and B, the incidents of stuck radioactive sources occur in 9 days, 4 days later, local temperatures can reach 210 °C, and radiation cargo may be ignited. The results of the research can provide reference for fire risk judgment and assessment in irradiation room.

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Jaipaul, Jonathan D., Devya Hemraj, and Samantha Providence-Forrester. "The Effects of Rising Water Temperatures on Poecilia reticulata Native to Guyana." Book of Abstracts: Student Research 1 (November 4, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52377/dprl8943.

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The coastal region of Guyana is predicted to experience an increase in annual temperature. Climate change trends indicate that the mean minimum and maximum temperatures will rise above the climatological average. This change in mean temperatures will alter the favourable conditions within coastal ecosystems, which can affect biodiversity. One such at-risk organism is the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata), a species that is particularly sensitive to temperature variations within their habitats.

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ShengQing, Yang, Ji Hong, Li SenLin, Sun Fei, and Wang SuYan. "Prediction and verification for the models of temperature rising by medium bubbles in hydraulic system." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 3 (March 2022): 168781322210854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221085431.

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In order to obtain the influence of the medium bubble contents on temperature rising characteristics of a hydraulic system, the working hydraulic system of a wheel loader was taken as the research object. By carrying out the comparison experiments of the hydraulic system with and without de-aeration devices on a 5-ton wheel loader, the air bubble contents and concerning temperatures were obtained. To identify the factors which have impact on temperature rising of the hydraulic system, the head chamber of boom cylinder is taken to analyze, and the temperature rising expression in a volume were deduced. By the utilization of the thermal hydraulic library, combining with mechanism and control libraries on AMESim simulation platform, the integrated simulation model of the whole system was established and verified, meanwhile, the simulation was carried out from aspects in different air contents and initial chamber temperatures. From the simulation, the prediction models of the air contents to temperature rising, and the pressures to temperature rising were predicted. Finally, the correctness of the prediction models are verified by experiment data and showing good results, which can be used to enrich and improve the calculation and evaluation methods of heat generation to any other hydraulic systems.

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Pekarova, Pavla, Dana Halmova, Pavol Miklanek, Milan Onderka, Jan Pekar, and Peter Skoda. "Is the Water Temperature of the Danube River at Bratislava, Slovakia, Rising?" Journal of Hydrometeorology 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 1115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jhm948.1.

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Abstract This paper aims to reveal the annual regime, time series, and long-term water temperature trends of the Danube River at Bratislava, Slovakia, between the years 1926 and 2005. First, the main factors affecting the river’s water temperature were identified. Using multiple regression techniques, an empirical relationship is derived between monthly water temperatures and monthly atmospheric temperatures at Vienna (Hohe Warte), Austria, monthly discharge of the Danube, and some other factors as well. In the second part of the study, the long-term trends in the annual time series of water temperature were identified. The following series were evaluated: 1) The average annual water temperature (To) (determined as an arithmetic average of daily temperatures in the Danube at Bratislava), 2) the weighted annual average temperature values (Toυ) (determined from the daily temperatures weighted by the daily discharge rates at Bratislava), and 3) the average heat load (Zt) at the Bratislava station. In the long run, the To series is rising; however, the trend of the weighted long-term average temperature values, Toυ, is near zero. This result indicates that the average heat load of the Danube water did not change during the selected period of 80 yr. What did change is the interannual distribution of the average monthly discharge. Over the past 25 yr, an elevated runoff of “cold” water (increase of the December–April runoff) and a lower runoff of “warm” water (decrease of the river runoff during the summer months of June–August) were observed.

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Start, Denon, Devin Kirk, Dylan Shea, and Benjamin Gilbert. "Cannibalism by damselflies increases with rising temperature." Biology Letters 13, no. 5 (May 2017): 20170175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0175.

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Trophic interactions are likely to change under climate warming. These interactions can be altered directly by changing consumption rates, or indirectly by altering growth rates and size asymmetries among individuals that in turn affect feeding. Understanding these processes is particularly important for intraspecific interactions, as direct and indirect changes may exacerbate antagonistic interactions. We examined the effect of temperature on activity rate, growth and intraspecific size asymmetries, and how these temperature dependencies affected cannibalism in Lestes congener , a damselfly with marked intraspecific variation in size. Temperature increased activity rates and exacerbated differences in body size by increasing growth rates. Increased activity and changes in body size interacted to increase cannibalism at higher temperatures. We argue that our results are likely to be general to species with life-history stages that vary in their temperature dependencies, and that the effects of climate change on communities may depend on the temperature dependencies of intraspecific interactions.

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Grinsted, A., J. C. Moore, and S. Jevrejeva. "Projected Atlantic hurricane surge threat from rising temperatures." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 14 (March 18, 2013): 5369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209980110.

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22

Porter, John R. "Rising temperatures are likely to reduce crop yields." Nature 436, no. 7048 (July 2005): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/436174b.

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Bowden, Joseph J., Anne Eskildsen, Rikke R. Hansen, Kent Olsen, Carolyn M. Kurle, and Toke T. Høye. "High-Arctic butterflies become smaller with rising temperatures." Biology Letters 11, no. 10 (October 2015): 20150574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0574.

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The response of body size to increasing temperature constitutes a universal response to climate change that could strongly affect terrestrial ectotherms, but the magnitude and direction of such responses remain unknown in most species. The metabolic cost of increased temperature could reduce body size but long growing seasons could also increase body size as was recently shown in an Arctic spider species. Here, we present the longest known time series on body size variation in two High-Arctic butterfly species: Boloria chariclea and Colias hecla . We measured wing length of nearly 4500 individuals collected annually between 1996 and 2013 from Zackenberg, Greenland and found that wing length significantly decreased at a similar rate in both species in response to warmer summers. Body size is strongly related to dispersal capacity and fecundity and our results suggest that these Arctic species could face severe challenges in response to ongoing rapid climate change.

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Yu, Soon Ju, In Gu Ryu, Min Ji Park, and Jong Kwon Im. "Long-term relationship between air and water temperatures in Lake Paldang, South Korea." Environmental Engineering Research 26, no. 4 (August 24, 2020): 200177–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.177.

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A long-term investigation into the relationship between air and water temperatures was conducted in Lake Paldang, which is the largest water source in South Korea, by studying hysteresis. From 1973 to 2018, the annual mean air temperature increased by 0.05°C/yr (seasonal Sen’s slope). The results of a numerical model (R > 0.86) showed that the ratios of the air and water temperatures increased (0.71‒0.77) in the rising limb and decreased (0.70‒0.76) in the falling limb. However, the intercept values were 0.13–3.52 and 6.62–7.78 in the rising and falling limbs, respectively, and hence there was a 4–5°C increase in temperature. In particular, in 2015, 2016, and 2018, the intercept values in the falling limb were ≥ 7, exhibiting hysteresis, whereby high water temperatures were slow to decline. Lake Paldang showed stronger water temperature hysteresis than its influent rivers and stream. The rising and falling limbs did not show a large difference in the extent of water temperature change (slope). However, the water temperature did not decrease rapidly, and the decrease continued for longer due to hysteresis, which is a type of inertia where the elevated temperature persists if the summer air temperature is significantly increased.

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Jacott, Catherine N., and Scott A. Boden. "Feeling the heat: developmental and molecular responses of wheat and barley to high ambient temperatures." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 19 (July 16, 2020): 5740–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa326.

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Abstract The increasing demand for global food security in the face of a warming climate is leading researchers to investigate the physiological and molecular responses of cereals to rising ambient temperatures. Wheat and barley are temperate cereals whose yields are adversely affected by high ambient temperatures, with each 1 °C increase above optimum temperatures reducing productivity by 5–6%. Reproductive development is vulnerable to high-temperature stress, which reduces yields by decreasing grain number and/or size and weight. In recent years, analysis of early inflorescence development and genetic pathways that control the vegetative to floral transition have elucidated molecular processes that respond to rising temperatures, including those involved in the vernalization- and photoperiod-dependent control of flowering. In comparison, our understanding of genes that underpin thermal responses during later developmental stages remains poor, thus highlighting a key area for future research. This review outlines the responses of developmental genes to warmer conditions and summarizes our knowledge of the reproductive traits of wheat and barley influenced by high temperatures. We explore ways in which recent advances in wheat and barley research capabilities could help identify genes that underpin responses to rising temperatures, and how improved knowledge of the genetic regulation of reproduction and plant architecture could be used to develop thermally resilient cultivars.

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Knott, Jayne F., Jo E. Sias, Eshan V. Dave, and Jennifer M. Jacobs. "Seasonal and Long-Term Changes to Pavement Life Caused by Rising Temperatures from Climate Change." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 6 (May 7, 2019): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119844249.

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Pavements are vulnerable to reduced life with climate-change-induced temperature rise. Greenhouse gas emissions have caused an increase in global temperatures since the mid-20th century and the warming is projected to accelerate. Many studies have characterized this risk with a top-down approach in which climate-change scenarios are chosen and applied to predict pavement-life reduction. This approach is useful in identifying possible pavement futures but may miss short-term or seasonal pavement-response trends that are essential for adaptation planning. A bottom-up approach focuses on a pavement’s response to incremental temperature change resulting in a more complete understanding of temperature-induced pavement damage. In this study, a hybrid bottom-up/top-down approach was used to quantify the impact of changing pavement seasons and temperatures on pavement life with incremental temperature rise from 0 to 5°C at a site in coastal New Hampshire. Changes in season length, seasonal average temperatures, and temperature-dependent resilient modulus were used in layered-elastic analysis to simulate the pavement’s response to temperature rise. Projected temperature rise from downscaled global climate models was then superimposed on the results to determine the timing of the effects. The winter pavement season is projected to end by mid-century, replaced by a lengthening fall season. Seasonal pavement damage, currently dominated by the late spring and summer seasons, is projected to be distributed more evenly throughout the year as temperatures rise. A 7% to 32% increase in the asphalt-layer thickness is recommended to protect the base and subgrade with rising temperatures from early century to late-mid-century.

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Chapra, Steven C., Luis A. Camacho, and Graham B. McBride. "Impact of Global Warming on Dissolved Oxygen and BOD Assimilative Capacity of the World’s Rivers: Modeling Analysis." Water 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 2408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172408.

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For rivers and streams, the impact of rising water temperature on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) assimilative capacity depends on the interplay of two independent factors: the waterbody’s dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation and its self-purification rate (i.e., the balance between BOD oxidation and reaeration). Although both processes increase with rising water temperatures, oxygen depletion due to BOD oxidation increases faster than reaeration. The net result is that rising temperatures will decrease the ability of the world’s natural waters to assimilate oxygen-demanding wastes beyond the damage due to reduced saturation alone. This effect should be worse for nitrogenous BOD than for carbonaceous BOD because of the former’s higher sensitivity to rising water temperatures. Focusing on streams and rivers, the classic Streeter–Phelps model was used to determine the magnitude of the maximum or “critical” DO deficit that can be calculated analytically as a function of the mixing-point BOD concentration, DO saturation, and the self-purification rate. The results indicate that high-velocity streams will be the most sensitive to rising temperatures. This is significant because such systems typically occur in mountainous regions where they are also subject to lower oxygen saturation due to decreased oxygen partial pressure. Further, they are dominated by salmonids and other cold-water fish that require higher oxygen levels than warm-water species. Due to their high reaeration rates, such systems typically exhibit high self-purification constants and consequently have higher assimilation capacities than slower moving lowland rivers. For slow-moving rivers, the total sustainable mixing-point concentration for CBOD is primarily dictated by saturation reductions. For faster flowing streams, the sensitivity of the total sustainable load is more equally dependent on temperature-induced reductions in both saturation and self-purification.

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Limberger, Romana, Etienne Low-Décarie, and Gregor F. Fussmann. "Final thermal conditions override the effects of temperature history and dispersal in experimental communities." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1793 (October 22, 2014): 20141540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1540.

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Predicting the effect of climate change on biodiversity is a multifactorial problem that is complicated by potentially interactive effects with habitat properties and altered species interactions. In a microcosm experiment with communities of microalgae, we analysed whether the effect of rising temperature on diversity depended on the initial or the final temperature of the habitat, on the rate of change, on dispersal and on landscape heterogeneity. We also tested whether the response of species to temperature measured in monoculture allowed prediction of the composition of communities under rising temperature. We found that the final temperature of the habitat was the primary driver of diversity in our experimental communities. Species richness declined faster at higher temperatures. The negative effect of warming was not alleviated by a slower rate of warming or by dispersal among habitats and did not depend on the initial temperature. The response of evenness, however, did depend on the rate of change and on the initial temperature. Community composition was not predictable from monoculture assays, but higher fitness inequality (as seen by larger variance in growth rate among species in monoculture at higher temperatures) explained the faster loss of biodiversity with rising temperature.

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Stinner, J. N. "Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to temperature in Coluber constrictor." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 253, no. 2 (August 1, 1987): R222—R227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.253.2.r222.

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The cardiovascular adjustments associated with elevated metabolic demand caused by rising body temperature were investigated in Coluber constrictor. From 16 to 35 degrees C, O2 consumption increased roughly ninefold. Systemic blood flow, determined by the Fick method, increased approximately 4.5-fold and arteriovenous O2 difference increased approximately 2-fold. Heart rate steadily increased over the temperature range examined. At the cooler temperatures stroke volume also increased but, above approximately 25 degrees C, stroke volume declined with rising temperature. The changes in stroke volume may result from the direct effect of temperature on myocardial contractility. The thermal dependence of blood convection requirement in C. constrictor is similar to changes in air convection requirement determined in a previous study. Consequently the minute ventilation-to-perfusion ratio appears to be independent of temperature, at least from 20 to 35 degrees C. Systemic arterial blood pressure increases with rising body temperature due to the rise in cardiac output, whereas vascular resistance declines. Blood pressure in snakes disturbed by the investigator is roughly two times higher than in resting animals at all temperatures studied. This marked change in blood pressure suggests an "alarm reaction" mediated by the sympathetic nervous system.

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Kaushal, Sujay S., Gene E. Likens, Norbert A. Jaworski, Michael L. Pace, Ashley M. Sides, David Seekell, Kenneth T. Belt, David H. Secor, and Rebecca L. Wingate. "Rising stream and river temperatures in the United States." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8, no. 9 (November 2010): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/090037.

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Burillo, Daniel, Mikhail Chester, and Benjamin Ruddell. "Electric Grid Vulnerabilities to Rising Air Temperatures in Arizona." Procedia Engineering 145 (2016): 1346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.173.

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Hondula, David M., Robert C. Balling, Jennifer K. Vanos, and Matei Georgescu. "Rising Temperatures, Human Health, and the Role of Adaptation." Current Climate Change Reports 1, no. 3 (June 14, 2015): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40641-015-0016-4.

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Asseng, Senthold, Davide Cammarano, Bruno Basso, Uran Chung, Phillip D. Alderman, Kai Sonder, Matthew Reynolds, and David B. Lobell. "Hot spots of wheat yield decline with rising temperatures." Global Change Biology 23, no. 6 (November 10, 2016): 2464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13530.

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Coffel, Ethan D., Terence R. Thompson, and Radley M. Horton. "The impacts of rising temperatures on aircraft takeoff performance." Climatic Change 144, no. 2 (July 13, 2017): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-2018-9.

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McQueen, Kate, and C. Tara Marshall. "Shifts in spawning phenology of cod linked to rising sea temperatures." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 6 (March 10, 2017): 1561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx025.

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AbstractWarming temperatures caused by climate change have the potential to impact spawning phenology of temperate marine fish as some species have temperature-dependent gonadal development. Inter-annual variation in the timing of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) spawning in the northern North Sea, central North Sea and Irish Sea was estimated by calculating an annual peak roe month (PRM) from records of roe landings spanning the last three decades. A trend towards earlier PRM was found in all three regions, with estimates of shifts in PRM ranging from 0.9 to 2.4 weeks per decade. Temperatures experienced by cod during early vitellogenesis correlated negatively with PRM, suggesting that rising sea temperatures have contributed to a shift in spawning phenology. A concurrent reduction in the mean size of spawning females excluded the possibility that earlier spawning was due to a shift in size structure towards larger individuals, as large cod spawn earlier than smaller-sized individuals in the North Sea. Further research into the effects of climate change on the phenology of different trophic levels within the North Sea ecosystem should be undertaken to determine whether climate change-induced shifts in spawning phenology will result in a temporal mismatch between cod larvae and their planktonic prey.

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Xu, Lei, and Jiangang Sun. "Temperature Field Calculation and Analysis within Steel Tube Reinforced Columns." Open Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (March 9, 2012): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501206010015.

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The temperature field analysis method of steel tube reinforced columns under fire by finite element analysis software ABAQUS is proposed in this paper. The theoretical method is validated by tests, and the calculated results agree well with those of tests. On the basis of that, the influencing laws of temperature rising time; section perimeter; steel reinforcement ratio and sectional core area ratio on temperature field are discussed. It has been found that the surface temperatures of steel tube reinforced columns increase obviously with temperature rising time, and the temperatures of steel tubes and core concrete increase slowly. The effects of section size and sectional core area ratio on temperature field are significant, but steel ratio has very little effect on temperature both of steel tube and of sectional center. These achievements make it possible to study further theoretical study on the mechanic performance of steel tube reinforced concrete columns in fire.

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Xu, Lei, and Yu Bin Liu. "Temperature Field Calculation and Analysis within Steel Tube Reinforced Columns." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5089.

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Theoretical models to calculate the temperature field steel tubes reinforced columns are proposed by finite element program in this paper. The theoretical results are validated by test results, and they have a good agreement. Using the theoretical models, the influencing laws of temperature rising time; section perimeter; steel reinforcement ratio and sectional core area ratio on temperature field are further discussed. It has been found that the surface temperatures of steel tube reinforced columns increase obviously with temperature rising time, and the temperatures of steel tubes and core concrete increase slowly. The effects of sectional dimension and sectional core area ratio on temperature field are significant, but steel ratio has very little effect on temperature both of steel tube and of sectional center. These achievements make it possible to study further theoretical study on the mechanic performance of steel tube reinforced concrete columns in fire.

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Li, Xin Wei. "Design and Simulation of Temperature Control System in Intermittent Reaction Kettles Based on Intelligent Fuzzy Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.294.

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A temperature rising control system and temperature maintaining control system were designed in according to time-variable and hysteretic nature of temperature change and limitation when traditional PID control deals with nonlinear systems. A new type of intelligent fuzzy controller combination of traditional PID control and fuzzy control was designed and applied in temperature maintaining control system. The simulation results show that the holding phase at elevated temperatures and temperature, the temperature curve has a high steady-state accuracy and dynamic performance in the period of temperature rising and maintaining, and the system and controller cause a better result.

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Zia, Muhammad Hassan, Farhana Aziz, and Waqas Rafiq. "Legal Analysis of Right to Environment through Legislative and Judicial Discourse." Global Legal Studies Review VII, no. I (March 30, 2022): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(vii-i).04.

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Climate change is a great threat to Pakistan owing to its weak economic condition. Floods and storms are the consequences of rising temperatures and extreme temperatures. Rising temperature and resultant heat have raised concerns regarding food, water, and security. At the same time, water-stressed conditions have decreased agricultural yield. This research investigates all these factors that have threatened the existence of people by causing high health risks that lead to climate change-induced migration. On the basis of elaborate scrutiny of the threatened environment, its reasons, and laws enacted in this regard, researchers here chalk out certain recommendations to protect and preserve the environment.

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Grise, Kevin M., and Lorenzo M. Polvani. "Understanding the Time Scales of the Tropospheric Circulation Response to Abrupt CO2 Forcing in the Southern Hemisphere: Seasonality and the Role of the Stratosphere." Journal of Climate 30, no. 21 (November 2017): 8497–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0849.1.

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This study examines the time scales of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) tropospheric circulation response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). In response to an abrupt quadrupling of atmospheric CO2, the midlatitude jet stream and poleward edge of the Hadley circulation shift poleward on the time scale of the rising global-mean surface temperature during the summer and fall seasons but on a much more rapid time scale during the winter and spring seasons. The seasonally varying time scales of the SH circulation response are closely tied to the meridional temperature gradient in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere and, in particular, to temperatures in the SH polar lower stratosphere. During summer and fall, SH polar lower-stratospheric temperatures cool on the time scale of warming global surface temperatures, as the lifting of the tropopause height with tropospheric warming is associated with cooling at lower-stratospheric levels. However, during winter and spring, SH polar lower-stratospheric temperatures cool primarily from fast time-scale radiative processes, contributing to the faster time-scale circulation response during these seasons. The poleward edge of the SH subtropical dry zone shifts poleward on the time scale of the rising global-mean surface temperature during all seasons in response to an abrupt quadrupling of atmospheric CO2. The dry zone edge initially follows the poleward shift in the Hadley cell edge but is then augmented by the action of eddy moisture fluxes in a warming climate. Consequently, with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, key features of the tropospheric circulation response could emerge sooner than features more closely tied to rising global temperatures.

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Karlsson, M. G., and R. D. Heins. "Response Surface Analysis of Flowering in Chrysanthemum ‘Bright Golden Anne’." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 111, no. 2 (March 1986): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.111.2.253.

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Abstract Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ‘Bright Golden Anne’ plants were grown under 15 combinations of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), day temperature, and night temperature in a central composite design. Time to flower was a function of both irradiance and the interaction between day and night temperature. The surface response to temperature was bowl shaped with delayed development as temperatures were either increased or decreased from the optimum combinations. High temperature delay was compensated for in part by increased PPF. Shoot length increased linearly as day temperature increased; final shoot length first decreased, then increased with increasing night temperature. The response surface appeared as a rising valley with the longest shoot lengths at high day temperatures. Total flower area per plant increased as PPF increased or as night temperature decreased. For any PPF and night temperature, maximum flower area occurred near 20°C. At a constant PPF, the response surface appeared as a rising ridge with maximum flower area at low night temperature.

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Stinziano, Joseph R., and Danielle A. Way. "Combined effects of rising [CO2] and temperature on boreal forests: growth, physiology and limitations." Botany 92, no. 6 (June 2014): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0314.

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Climate change is expected to be most pronounced at high latitudes, but we have little data on how dominant boreal tree species will respond to rising temperatures and CO2 concentrations ([CO2]). We review the mechanisms through which elevated growth temperatures and atmospheric CO2 alter tree physiology and growth, focusing on the dominant species in northern forests. Water and nutrient availability, as well as day length, are likely to constrain the ability of these forests to respond positively to warmer, potentially longer growing seasons and higher CO2 levels. We also analyze published tree responses to future climate scenarios for key boreal tree species and show that (i) high [CO2] increases biomass and net photosynthetic rates compared with ambient [CO2], under both current temperatures and warmer climates; (ii) increases in temperature above current levels have little effect on growth or carbon gain; and (iii) the combination of elevated [CO2] and elevated temperatures increases plant biomass, but this effect appears to have a threshold above a 5 °C increase in growth temperatures. While rising temperatures and [CO2], therefore, have the potential to increase the productivity of northern forest species (based on experiments that supply ample water and fertilizer), this response is likely to be limited by these soil resources and the photoperiod in the field, and may not occur under the more extreme warming conditions predicted for the future in this region.

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Minuti, JJ, and BD Russell. "Functionally redundant herbivores: urchin and gastropod grazers respond differently to ocean warming and rising CO2." Marine Ecology Progress Series 656 (December 10, 2020): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13416.

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Future ocean CO2 and temperatures are predicted to increase primary productivity across tropical marine habitats, potentially driving a shift towards algal-dominated systems. However, increased consumption of algae by benthic grazers could potentially counter this shift. Yet, the response of different grazer species to future conditions will be moderated by their physiologies, meaning that they may not be functional equivalents. Here, we experimentally assessed the physiological response of key grazers—the sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina and 2 gastropod species, Astralium haematragum and Trochus maculatus—to predicted CO2 concentrations (400, 700 and 1000 ppm) and temperature conditions (ambient, +3 and +5°C). In line with metabolic theory, we found that urchin metabolic rate increased at future temperatures regardless of CO2 conditions, with evidence of metabolic acclimation to higher temperatures. The metabolic rate of A. haematragum was depressed only by CO2, whereas T. maculatus initially had elevated metabolic rates at moderate CO2, which were depressed by the combination of the highest CO2 concentration and temperatures. Taxa showed differential survival, with no urchin mortality under any future conditions but substantial mortality of both gastropods under elevated temperatures regardless of CO2 concentration. Importantly, all species had substantially reduced algal consumption in response to elevated CO2, though the urchins only demonstrated an energetic mismatch under combined future CO2 and temperature. Therefore, despite sharing an ecological niche, these key grazers are likely to be differentially affected by future environmental conditions, potentially reducing the strength of ecological compensatory responses depending on the functional redundancy in this grazing community.

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Lewis, James D., Nathan G. Phillips, Barry A. Logan, Renee A. Smith, Iker Aranjuelo, Steve Clarke, Catherine A. Offord, et al. "Rising temperature may negate the stimulatory effect of rising CO2 on growth and physiology of Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis)." Functional Plant Biology 42, no. 9 (2015): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp14256.

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Rising atmospheric [CO2] is associated with increased air temperature, and this warming may drive many rare plant species to extinction. However, to date, studies on the interactive effects of rising [CO2] and warming have focussed on just a few widely distributed plant species. Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis W.G.Jones, K.D.Hill, & J.M.Allen), formerly widespread in Australia, was reduced to a remnant population of fewer than 100 genetically indistinguishable individuals. Here, we examined the interactive effects of three [CO2] (290, 400 and 650 ppm) and two temperature (ambient, ambient + 4°C) treatments on clonally-propagated Wollemi pine grown for 17 months in glasshouses under well-watered and fertilised conditions. In general, the effects of rising [CO2] and temperature on growth and physiology were not interactive. Rising [CO2] increased shoot growth, light-saturated net photosynthetic rates (Asat) and net carbon gain. Higher net carbon gain was due to increased maximum apparent quantum yield and reduced non-photorespiratory respiration in the light, which also reduced the light compensation point. In contrast, increasing temperature reduced stem growth and Asat. Compensatory changes in mesophyll conductance and stomatal regulation suggest a narrow functional range of optimal water and CO2 flux co-regulation. These results suggest Asat and growth of the surviving genotype of Wollemi pine may continue to increase with rising [CO2], but increasing temperatures may offset these effects, and challenges to physiological and morphological controls over water and carbon trade-offs may push the remnant wild population of Wollemi pine towards extinction.

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Liz, Varga. "Wildfires: A rising hazard for infrastructure resilience." Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences 8, no. 2 (October 14, 2022): 082–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-488x.000056.

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The latest wildfires around the globe are evidence of growing global temperatures that are a threat to infrastructure resilience. Wildfires are exacerbated by drought and parched conditions, disease, dry lightning and increased interaction between humans and forests leading to accidental as well as purposeful ignition.

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Aina, Y. A., E. M. Adam, and F. Ahmed. "SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN THE IMPACTS OF URBAN LAND USE TYPES ON URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECTS: THE CASE OF RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W2 (November 15, 2017): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w2-9-2017.

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Urban heat island (UHI) effect is considered to be one of the key indicators of the impacts of urbanization and the climate changes on the environment. Thus, the growing interest in studying the impacts of urbanization on changes in land surface temperature (LST). The literature on LST indicates the need for more studies on the relationship between changes in LST and land use types, especially in the arid environment. This paper examines the spatial and temporal changes in land surface temperature influenced by land use/land cover types in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Multi-temporal Landsat images of the study area, 1985, 1995, 2002 and 2015, were processed to derive land surface temperatures. UHI index was computed for the different land use/land cover types (high-density residential, medium-density residential, low-density residential, industrial, vegetation, and desert) in the study area. The results indicate a trend of rising temperatures in all the land use types in the study area. This is probably due to climate change. The industrial area has the highest temperatures among the land use types. The lowest temperatures are found in the vegetation area as expected. There is a need to implement mitigating measures to reduce the effects of rising temperatures in the study area.

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Dye, Adrian, Robert Bryant, Emma Dodd, Francesca Falcini, and David M. Rippin. "Warm Arctic Proglacial Lakes in the ASTER Surface Temperature Product." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 2987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13152987.

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Despite an increase in heatwaves and rising air temperatures in the Arctic, little research has been conducted into the temperatures of proglacial lakes in the region. An assumption persists that they are cold and uniformly feature a temperature of 1 °C. This is important to test, given the rising air temperatures in the region (reported in this study) and potential to increase water temperatures, thus increasing subaqueous melting and the retreat of glacier termini from where they are in contact with lakes. Through analysis of ASTER surface temperature product data, we report warm (>4 °C) proglacial lake surface water temperatures (LSWT) for both ice-contact and non-ice-contact lakes, as well as substantial spatial heterogeneity. We present in situ validation data (from problematic maritime areas) and a workflow that facilitates the extraction of robust LSWT data from the high-resolution (90 m) ASTER surface temperature product (AST08). This enables spatial patterns to be analysed in conjunction with surrounding thermal influences, such as parent glaciers and topographies. This workflow can be utilised for the analysis of the LSWT data of other small lakes and crucially allows high spatial resolution study of how they have responded to changes in climate. Further study of the LSWT is essential in the Arctic given the amplification of climate change across the region.

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Weitensfelder, Lisbeth, and Hanns Moshammer. "Evidence of Adaptation to Increasing Temperatures." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010097.

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In times of rising temperatures, the question arises on how the human body adapts. When assumed that changing climate leads to adaptation, time series analysis should reveal a shift in optimal temperatures. The city of Vienna is especially affected by climate change due to its location in the Alpine Range in Middle Europe. Based on mortality data, we calculated shifts in optimal temperature for a time period of 49 years in Vienna with Poisson regression models. Results show a shift in optimal temperature, with optimal temperature increasing more than average temperature. Hence, results clearly show an adaptation process, with more adaptation to warmer than colder temperatures. Nevertheless, some age groups remain more vulnerable than others and less able to adapt. Further research focusing on vulnerable groups should be encouraged.

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Iizumi, Toshichika, Imad-Eldin A. Ali-Babiker, Mitsuru Tsubo, Izzat S. A. Tahir, Yasunori Kurosaki, Wonsik Kim, Yasir S. A. Gorafi, Amani A. M. Idris, and Hisashi Tsujimoto. "Rising temperatures and increasing demand challenge wheat supply in Sudan." Nature Food 2, no. 1 (January 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-00214-4.

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TSUJI, Morio, Akira HIRATSUKA, Yoshihiko SANO, and Shu SUZUKI. "Controlling rising temperatures using Carex thunbergii Steud. for rooftop greening." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 34, no. 2 (2008): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.34.375.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rising temperatures'

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