Journal articles on the topic 'Riparian vegetation'
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Lefaan, Paskalina Th, Hans Fence Zakeus Peday, Simon Petrus Oktovianus Leatemia, Luky Sembel, and Emmanuel Manangkalangi. "Structure of Riparian Vegetation and Its Implications for The Habitat Conditions of Arfak Rainbowfish, Melanotaenia Arfakensis at The Nimbai Stream, Manokwari, West Papua." Samakia : Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan 10, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/jsapi.v10i1.258.
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Riparian vegetation has an important role in maintaining water stability, one of which is the river. This study aims to describe the structure of riparian vegetation so that its implications can be seen for the conditions of rainbow arfak habitat on the Nimbai River. The study was conducted in three forest types, namely primary riparia forest, secondary riparia forest and open riparia forest. Sample collection of riparian vegetation was carried out by purposive sampling using sample plots. Plots measuring 2 m x 2 m are used to sample seedling and understorey growth, plots measuring 5 m x 5 m for growth at the stake level, while plots measuring 10 m x 10 m and 20 m x 20 m, for growth of pole and tree levels respectively. The identification results obtained a total of 35 species of understorey and 51 tree-level plants in all three types of riparian forests. Based on the analysis of vegetation structure, it is known that the condition of primary riparia forest and secondary riparian forest still relatively supports the life of arfak rainbow fish compared to open riparian forest. Higher tree level density associated with canopy cover which has implications for the temperature of the water to be colder and less fluctuating, input larger litter into the food chain in the river, and hold suspended particles into the river. Also, the function of riparian vegetation in spawning activities, substrate attaching eggs and nursery habitat for arfak rainbow fish larvae. The results of this study indicate the importance of riparian vegetation structure on the condition of rainbow arfak fish habitat. An understanding of the structure of vegetation is also a basic information for efforts to rehabilitate this endemic fish habitat to maintain the existence of a natural population.
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Bando, Arman Hi, Ratna Siahaan, and Marnix D. Langoy. "KEANEKARAGAMAN VEGETASI RIPARIAN DI SUNGAI TEWALEN, MINAHASA SELATAN-SULAWESI UTARA." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 16, no. 1 (May 6, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.16.1.2016.12197.
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KEANEKARAGAMAN VEGETASI RIPARIAN DI SUNGAI TEWALEN, MINAHASA SELATAN - SULAWESI UTARAABSTRAK Vegatasi riparian merupakan sumberdaya alam yang mudah terganggu akibat aktivitas manusia misalnya konversi riaria menjadi lahan permukiman, pertanian dan industri. Vegetasi riparian dapat berfungsi mempertahankan kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman vegetasi riparian di Sungai Tewalen, Minahasa Selatan - Sulawesi Utara. Metode purposive digunakan untuk menentukan lokasi dan pengelompokan berdasarkan kriteria pertumbuhan untuk memperoleh data kekayaan jenis dan kelimpahan. Sebanyak 3 stasiun penelitian ditentukan yaitu hulu, tengah dan hilir. Tiga ulangan dilakukan di tiap stasiun. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan Indeks keanekaragaman jenis Shannon - Wienner (H’), Indeks Kemerataan dan Indeks Kesamaan Jenis Sorensen. Kekayaan jenis egetasi riparian sebanyak lima puluh enam (56) jenis yeng termasuk dalam tiga puluh (30) suku. Tiga (3) suku terbesar yaitu Poaceae (22%), Cyatheaceae (13%) dan Araceae (11%). Keanekaragaman vegetasi riparian pada tingkat rumput hingga pohon di lokasi penelitian termasuk sedang (H’ 1≤ H ≤ 3). Vegetasi riparian di Sungai Tewalen secara umum memiliki tingkat kemerataan yang tinggi yaitu mendekati 1 yang menunjukkan jumlah individu masing-masing jenis sama atau tidak jauh berbeda. Kesamaan jenis antar stasiun penelitian rendah yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaaan komunitas vegetasi riparian antar stasiun. Kata kunci: Vegetasi riparian, Sungai Tewalen, Minahasa Selatan, Sulawesi Utara RIPARIAN VEGETATION DIVERSITY OF TEWALEN RIVER,SOUTH MINAHASA REGENCY- NORTH SULAWESI ABSTRACT Riparian vegetation is natural resource easily disturbed by human activities such as conversion of riparia to be settlement, agriculture and industry areas. Riparian vegetation serves to maintain water quality. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of riparian vegetation of Tewalen River, South Minahasa - North Sulawesi. Purposive sampling method was used to determine the locations and grouping based on growth criteria to obtain data on species richness and abundance. Three (3) research locations were determined that were up, mid and downstream parts. Three replications were applied at each location. Data were analyzed descriptively based on species diversity index Shannon - Wienner (H '), Evenness Index and Sorensen Similarity Index. Species richness of riparian vegetation were fifty-six (56) species were grouped into thirty (30) families. The biggest families were Poaceae (22%), Cyatheaceae (13%) and Araceae (11%). Riparian vegetation diversity from grass to trees were moderate (H '1≤ H ≤ 3). Generally, riparian vegetation of Tewalen River had high evenness (close to 1) that showed the number of individuals of each species were same or not different. The low index of species similarity between stations showed the differences riparian vegetation communities between stations. Keywords: Riparian vegetation, Tewalen River, South Minahasa, North Sulawesi.
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Cummins, Kenneth W., Margaret A. Wilzbach, Donna M. Gates, Joy B. Perry, and W. Bruce Taliaferro. "Shredders and Riparian Vegetation." BioScience 39, no. 1 (January 1989): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310804.
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Pu, Ge, Lindi J. Quackenbush, and Stephen V. Stehman. "Identifying Factors That Influence Accuracy of Riparian Vegetation Classification and River Channel Delineation Mapped Using 1 m Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 4645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224645.
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Riparian vegetation delineation includes both the process of delineating the riparian zone and classifying vegetation within that zone. We developed a holistic framework to assess riparian vegetation delineation that includes evaluating channel boundary delineation accuracy using a combination of pixel- and object-based metrics. We also identified how stream order, riparian zone width, riparian land use, and image shadow influenced the accuracy of delineation and classification. We tested the framework by evaluating vegetation vs. non-vegetation riparian zone maps produced by applying random forest classification to aerial photographs with a 1 m pixel size. We assessed accuracy of the riparian vegetation classification and channel boundary delineation for two rivers in the northeastern United States. Overall accuracy for the channel boundary delineation was generally above 80% for both sites, while object-based accuracy revealed that 50% of delineated channel was less than 5 m away from the reference channel. Stream order affected channel boundary delineation accuracy while land use and image shadows influenced riparian vegetation classification accuracy; riparian zone width had little impact on observed accuracy. The holistic approach to quantification of accuracy that considers both channel boundary delineation and vegetation classification developed in this study provides an important tool to inform riparian management.
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Rivaes, Rui Pedro, António Nascimento Pinheiro, Gregory Egger, and Maria Teresa Ferreira. "Using CASIMIR-VEGETATION Model in the context of modeling riparian woods and fish species to support a holistic approach for environmental flows to be used on river management and conservation." Revista Eletrônica de Gestão e Tecnologias Ambientais 4, no. 1 (November 23, 2016): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/gesta.v4i1.14292.
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<p>The CASiMiR-vegetation model is a software that recreates the physical processes influencing the survival and recruitment of riparian vegetation, based on the relationship between ecologically relevant flow regime components and riparian vegetation metrics that reflect the vegetation’s responses to flow regime change. Working at a flow response guild level, this tool outperforms equivalent models by overriding various restrictions of the conventional modeling approaches. The potential of the CASiMiR-vegetation model is revealed in its application to different case studies during the development of a holistic approach to determine environmental flows in lowland Mediterranean rivers, based on woody riparian vegetation and fish species. Various modeling circumstances are described where CASiMiR-vegetation model was used with the purpose of sustaining the research addressing the thesis objectives. The main findings already accomplished in this research are highlighted to illustrate the outcomes that can be attained from the use of such a model.</p>
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Woodward, Brian D., Paul H. Evangelista, Nicholas E. Young, Anthony G. Vorster, Amanda M. West, Sarah L. Carroll, Rebecca K. Girma, et al. "CO-RIP: A Riparian Vegetation and Corridor Extent Dataset for Colorado River Basin Streams and Rivers." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 10 (October 5, 2018): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7100397.
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Here we present “CO-RIP”, a novel spatial dataset delineating riparian corridors and riparian vegetation along large streams and rivers in the United States (U.S.) portion of the Colorado River Basin. The consistent delineation of riparian areas across large areas using remote sensing has been a historically complicated process partially due to differing definitions in the scientific and management communities regarding what a “riparian corridor” or “riparian vegetation” represents. We use valley-bottoms to define the riparian corridor and establish a riparian vegetation definition interpretable from aerial imagery for efficient, consistent, and broad-scale mapping. Riparian vegetation presence and absence data were collected using a systematic, flexible image interpretation process applicable wherever high resolution imagery is available. We implemented a two-step approach using existing valley bottom delineation methods and random forests classification models that integrate Landsat spectral information to delineate riparian corridors and vegetation across the 12 ecoregions of the Colorado River Basin. Riparian vegetation model accuracy was generally strong (median kappa of 0.80), however it varied across ecoregions (kappa range of 0.42–0.90). We offer suggestions for improvement in our current image interpretation and modelling frameworks, particularly encouraging additional research in mapping riparian vegetation in moist coniferous forest and deep canyon environments. The CO-RIP dataset created through this research is publicly available and can be utilized in a wide range of ecological applications.
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Lawson, Tina, Miriam Goosem, and David Gillieson. "Rapid assessment of habitat quality in riparian rainforest vegetation." Pacific Conservation Biology 14, no. 1 (2008): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc080020.
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GIS and aerial photographic techniques were applied to assessing riparian vegetation quality in an agricultural landscape formerly covered in lowland rainforest. Canopy cover and width of woody riparian vegetation, both easily determined from remotely sensed data, were investigated as indicators of riparian quality. High correlations between field measurements of canopy cover and width of woody riparian vegetation with several other vegetation attributes indicative of vegetation quality (weed abundance, debris, human disturbance, native species richness) demonstrated that these two habitat attributes were suitable field vegetation quality surrogates. Desktop quality analysis combined GIS measurement of riparian width with aerial photographic analysis of canopy cover. Desktop quality equalled field quality in 78% of cases, with a further 13% showing errors due to clearing or thickening of vegetation after aerial photographs were taken. Bird communities in higher vegetation quality areas comprised mainly rainforest-dependent species, whereas poor quality areas mostly supported birds of open habitats. Bird community diversity and rainforest-dependent bird diversity increased significantly both with increasing levels of canopy cover and greater riparian width, but a combination of these factors explained more variance than each factor separately. Desktop riparian vegetation quality therefore proved a satisfactory indicator of habitat quality for birds in rainforest riparian zones. This quick and efficient desktop method of riparian habitat quality assessment can determine conservation values of rainforest riparian areas with minimal field validation, thereby allowing more effective targeting of appropriate management practices, identification of areas of conservation concern and prioritisation of revegetation and rehabilitation efforts.
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Paramitha, I. Gusti Ayu Agung Pradnya, and Riky Kurniawan. "Komposisi Tumbuhan Air dan Tumbuhan Riparian di Danau Sentani, Provinsi Papua." Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 2, no. 2 (August 26, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oldi.2017.v2i2.92.
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<strong>Composition of Aquatic Macrophytes and Riparian Vegetation in Lake Sentani, Papua Province.</strong> Macrophytes and riparian vegetation play an important role in maintaining the balance of aquatic ecosystems. The loss of vegetation components can lead to increased sedimentation and change the microhabitat in the waters. This research aimed to obtain the composition of aquatic macrophytes and riparian vegetation in Lake Sentani, as well as to determine the status of waters and the characteristics of riparian zones in Sentani Lake. The research was conducted from September to October 2014. The sampling of aquatic macrophytes and riparian vegetation was conducted at 5 stations: St.1 (Doyo Lama), St.2 (Donday), St.3 (Deyau), St.4 (Kalkotte), and St. 5 (Jaifuri). Data of aquatic macrophytes was taken using square plot (1 x 1 m2) of 15 plots, while riparian vegetation data used survey method with 10 m transect line from the shoreline. The results showed that there were 10 species of aquatic macrophytes from 8 families and 30 species of riparian vegetation from 18 families. Based on these aquatic macrophytes and riparian vegetation, Lake Sentani is categorized as eutrophic, with the dominant macrophyte being hornworts (Ceratophyllum demersum L.; 135 individuals). Station 4 (Kalkotte) has the largest number of individual aquatic macrophytes (96 individuals). Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) was found to be the most abundant species of riparian vegetation in all stations (190 individuals). This is related to the shoreline of Lake Sentani which is largely a sandy soil. Station 5 (Jaifuri) has the largest number of species and the largest number of individual riparian vegetation (344 individuals from 20 species). <br />
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Albano, Christine M., Kenneth C. McGwire, Mark B. Hausner, Daniel J. McEvoy, Charles G. Morton, and Justin L. Huntington. "Drought Sensitivity and Trends of Riparian Vegetation Vigor in Nevada, USA (1985–2018)." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (April 25, 2020): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091362.
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Dryland riparian areas are under increasing stress due to expanding human water demands and a warming climate. Quantifying responses of dryland riparian vegetation to these pressures is complicated by high climatic variability, which can create strong, transient changes in vegetation vigor that could mask other disturbance events. In this study, we utilize a 34-year archive of Landsat satellite data to (1) quantify the strength and timescales of vegetation responses to interannual variability in drought status and (2) isolate and remove this influence to assess resultant trends in vegetation vigor for riparian areas across the state of Nevada, the driest state in the USA. Correlations between annual late-summer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were calculated across a range of time periods (varying timing and durations) for all riparian pixels within each of the 45 ecoregions, and the variability of these values across the study area is shown. We then applied a novel drought adjustment method that used the strongest SPEI–NDVI timescale relationships for each ecoregion to remove the influence of interannual drought status. Our key result is a 30 m resolution map of drought-adjusted riparian NDVI trends (1985–2018). We highlight and describe locations where impacts of invasive species biocontrol, mine water management, agriculture, changing water levels, and fire are readily visualized with our results. We found more negatively trending riparian areas in association with wide valley bottoms, low-intensity agricultural land uses, and private land ownerships and more positive trends in association with narrow drainages, public lands, and surrounding perennial water bodies (an indication of declining water levels allowing increased vegetative cover). The drought-adjusted NDVI improved the statistical significance of trend estimates, thereby improving the ability to detect such changes. Results from this study provide insight into the strength and timescales of riparian vegetation responses to drought and can provide important information for managing riparian areas within the study area. The novel approach to drought adjustment is readily transferrable to other regions.
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Baniya, Mahendra B., Takashi Asaeda, Takeshi Fujino, Senavirathna M. D. H. Jayasanka, Guligena Muhetaer, and Jinghao Li. "Mechanism of Riparian Vegetation Growth and Sediment Transport Interaction in Floodplain: A Dynamic Riparian Vegetation Model (DRIPVEM) Approach." Water 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010077.
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The ecological dynamics of riparian areas interact with sediment transport in river systems, which plays an active role in riparian vegetation growth in the floodplain. The fluvial dynamics, hydraulics, hydro-meteorological and geomorphological characteristics of rivers are associated with sediment transport in river systems and around the riparian area. The flood disturbance, sediment with nutrients and seeds transported by river, sediment deposition, and erosion phenomena in the floodplain change the bare land area to vegetation area and vice versa. The difference in riparian vegetation area in the river floodplain is dependent on the sediment grain size distribution which is deposited in the river floodplain. Mathematical models describing vegetation growth in a short period exist in literature, but long-term modelling and validations are still lacking. In order to cover long-term vegetation growth modelling, a Dynamic Riparian Vegetation Model (DRIPVEM) was proposed. This paper highlights the existing modelling technique of DRIPVEM coupled with a Dynamic Herbaceous Model used to establish the interactive relationship of sediment grain sizes and riparian vegetation in the floodplain.
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Luke, Stacey H., Nancy J. Luckai, Janice M. Burke, and Ellie E. Prepas. "Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest and linkages with water quality in streams." Environmental Reviews 15, NA (December 2007): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a07-001.
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Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest represent the transition zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We review factors that influence riparian vegetation communities and the associated interactions with boreal streams. Regional and local drivers (e.g., climate, edaphic factors, and natural disturbances) that affect upland boreal vegetation also operate in riparian areas. However, the proximity of riparian areas to the stream channel not only modifies some of these drivers, but it means that the stream itself becomes a driver of riparian vegetation dynamics. For example, hydrological disturbances like flooding and ice scour affect soil texture and alter successional pathways, sometimes completely denuding streambanks of vegetation. Even in riparian areas unaffected by such catastrophic disturbances, saturated soil conditions can influence riparian forest composition and nutrient cycling. Saturated soils support lower mineralization rates, therefore organic layers store relatively more carbon and nitrogen than adjoining upland soils, and primary productivity is generally lower. Saturated soils also have implications for the ability of the riparian area to “buffer” streams from inputs of water and nutrients. For example, reducing conditions in riparian soils could be the sites for nitrate removal from groundwater by denitrification. Spatial variation in weather, soils, vegetation cover, slope, accumulation of organic matter, geographic location, and relief undoubtedly add to the complexity of understanding the role of riparian systems in Canada’s vast boreal forest. However, the opportunity to identify patterns relating to riparian areas will assist in our understanding and management of these multifaceted systems.
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Latsiou, Anna, Theodora Kouvarda, Konstantinos Stefanidis, George Papaioannou, Konstantinos Gritzalis, and Elias Dimitriou. "Pressures and Status of the Riparian Vegetation in Greek Rivers: Overview and Preliminary Assessment." Hydrology 8, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8010055.
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Riparian zones play an important role in the ecological stability of rivers. In particular, the quality of the riparian vegetation is a significant component of the hydromorphological status. In Europe, the QBR index (Qualitat del Bosc de Ribera) and the River Habitat Survey (RHS) are commonly used for the qualitative assessment of the riparian vegetation. In this study, we estimated the QBR index and the Riparian Quality index, which is derived from the RHS method, for 123 river reaches of the National Monitoring Network of Greece. Our field work included the completion of RHS and QBR protocols, as well as the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The aim of this study is to assess the riparian vegetation status and to identify linkages with the dominant land uses within the catchment. Correlation analysis was used to identify the relationships between hydromorphological alterations and the degradation of the riparian vegetation, as well as their connection to land uses in the catchment area. Our results highlighted severe modifications of the riparian vegetation for the majority of the studied reaches. We also showed a differentiation of the QBR with respect to changes in the altitude and the land uses in the catchment area. Overall QBR reflects the variation in the riparian vegetation quality better than RQI. Our findings constitute an assessment of the status of the riparian zones in Greek rivers and set the basis for further research for the development of new and effective tools for a rapid quality assessment of the riparian zones.
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Stromberg, Juliet C., Danika L. Setaro, Erika L. Gallo, Kathleen A. Lohse, and Thomas Meixner. "Riparian vegetation of ephemeral streams." Journal of Arid Environments 138 (March 2017): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.12.004.
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Vesipa, R., C. Camporeale, and L. Ridolfi. "Recovery times of riparian vegetation." Water Resources Research 52, no. 4 (April 2016): 2934–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015wr018490.
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Higgisson, William P., Paul O. Downey, and Fiona J. Dyer. "Changes in Vegetation and Geomorphological Condition 10 Years after Riparian Restoration." Water 11, no. 6 (June 14, 2019): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061252.
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Riparian restoration is an important objective for landscape managers seeking to redress the widespread degradation of riparian areas and the ecosystem services they provide. This study investigated the long-term outcomes of ‘one-off’ restoration activities undertaken in the Upper Murrumbidgee Catchment, NSW, Australia. The objective of the restoration was to protect and enhance riparian vegetation and control erosion, and consequently reduce sediment and nutrient delivery into the Murrumbidgee River. To evaluate the outcomes 10 years after restoration, rapid riparian vegetation and geomorphological assessments were undertaken at 29 sites spanning the four different restoration methods used (at least five replicates per treatment), as well as at nine comparable untreated sites. We also trialed the use of aerial imagery to compare width of riparian canopy vegetation and projective foliage cover prior to restoration with that observed after 10 years. Aerial imagery demonstrated the width of riparian canopy vegetation and projective foliage cover increased in all restored sites, especially those with native plantings. The rapid assessment process indicated that 10 years after riparian restoration, the riparian vegetation was in a better condition at treated sites compared to untreated sites. Width of riparian canopy vegetation, native mid-storey cover, native canopy cover and seedling recruitment were significantly greater in treated sites compared to untreated sites. Geomorphological condition of treated sites was significantly better than untreated sites, demonstrating the importance of livestock exclusion to improve bank and channel condition. Our findings illustrate the value of ‘one-off’ restoration activities in achieving long-term benefits for riparian health. We have demonstrated that rapid assessments of the vegetation and geomorphological condition can be undertaken post-hoc to determine the long-term outcomes, especially when supported with analysis of historical aerial imagery.
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Slamet, B., D. Adinda, O. P. J. Nduru, and Samsuri. "Utilization of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in identifying the characteristics of the riparian ecosystem of the Percut River, North Sumatra Province." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1115, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1115/1/012083.
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Abstract The Percut River border area has changed its function. Changes in land use result in a decrease in the area and types of vegetation that grow on river borders. Considering that the area is quite long and inaccessible in some locations, it can identify riparian vegetation by utilizing remote sensing technology. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the Percut river riparian vegetation using a UAV. Eight vegetation indices were used to analyse land cover types in this riparian ecosystem, namely Green-red ratio (GR), Green-red vegetation index (GRVI), RGB-based vegetation index (RGBVI), Visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI), Simple blue-green ratio (BGI2), Excess green index (ExG), Normalized green-blue difference index (NGBDI) and Modified green-red vegetation index (MGRVI). The analysis of the vegetation index based on RGB images shows that not all indices used are good in separating vegetation from other land covers. Analysis of riparian vegetation characteristics based on the RGB index is recommended using the RGBVI index (RGB-based vegetation index).
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Forio, Marie Anne Eurie, Niels De Troyer, Koen Lock, Felix Witing, Lotte Baert, Nancy De Saeyer, Geta Rîșnoveanu, et al. "Small Patches of Riparian Woody Vegetation Enhance Biodiversity of Invertebrates." Water 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): 3070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113070.
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Patches of riparian woody vegetation potentially help mitigate environmental impacts of agriculture and safeguard biodiversity. We investigated the effects of riparian forest on invertebrate diversity in coupled stream-riparian networks using a case study in the Zwalm river basin (Flanders, Belgium). Agriculture is one of the main pressures in the basin and riparian forest is limited to a number of isolated patches. Our 32 study sites comprised nine unshaded “unbuffered” sites which were paired with nine shaded “buffered” sites on the same stream reach, along with five ‘least-disturbed’ sites and nine downstream sites. We sampled water chemistry, habitat characteristics and stream and riparian invertebrates (carabid beetles and spiders) at each site. Three methods were used to quantify riparian attributes at different spatial scales: a visually-assessed qualitative index, quantitative estimates of habitat categories in six rectangular plots (10 × 5 m) and geographic information system (GIS)-derived land cover data. We investigated relationships between invertebrates and riparian attributes at different scales with linear regression and redundancy analyses. Spiders and carabids were most associated with local riparian attributes. In contrast, aquatic macroinvertebrates were strongly influenced by the extent of riparian vegetation in a riparian band upstream (100–300 m). These findings demonstrate the value of quantifying GIS-based metrics of riparian cover over larger spatial scales into assessments of the efficacy of riparian management as a complement to more detailed local scale riparian assessments in situ. Our findings highlight the value of even small patches of riparian vegetation in an otherwise extensively disturbed landscape in supporting biodiversity of both terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates and emphasize the need to consider multiple spatial scales in riparian management strategies which aim to mitigate human impacts on biodiversity in stream-riparian networks.
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Trindade, Márcia Emília de Jesus, Alexandre Peressin, Maurício Cetra, and Ricardo Jucá-Chagas. "Variation in the diet of a small characin according to the riparian zone coverage in an Atlantic Forest stream, northeastern Brazil." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 25, no. 1 (March 2013): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2013000100005.
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AIM: in this study we present data from the diet of Astyanax vermilion which were used as a tool to compare two sites of streams with different vegetation cover in Ribeirão Limoeiro, Cachoeira River Basin, BA. METHODS: Four samples were taken (March, June, September and December) using electrofishing as the collection method in two contiguous sites of the headwaters: stretch without riparian vegetation and with riparian vegetation. RESULTS: The qualitative composition of the diet was analyzed by the method of frequency of occurrence. The allochthonous resources of vegetal origin made up the bulk of the diet in the stretch without riparian vegetation with a frequency of occurrence of 64%. In the section with riparian vegetation allochthonous resources of animal origin made up the bulk of the diet with a frequency of 62%, which emphasizes the importance of food items from the surrounding environment. The mean Shannon diversity index, calculated from the frequency of occurrence of food items was significantly different (p = 0.04) when comparing reach deforested (H'= 1.44) with reach forested (H'= 1.80). The average weight of stomachs in the deforested reach (WS D = 0.18g) was significantly higher than that of the forested reach (WS F = 0.14g). CONCLUSIONS: in the stretch with riparian vegetation, the food diversity was greater and the fish that are in the riparian stretch do not need as much food to satisfy their physiological needs. These results underscore the importance of the type of riparian vegetation as a food source for fish
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Lim, Bong Soon, Jaewon Seol, A. Reum Kim, Ji Hong An, Chi Hong Lim, and Chang Seok Lee. "Succession of the Abandoned Rice Fields Restores the Riparian Forest." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 21, 2022): 10416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610416.
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The vegetation changes in the abandoned rice fields with different abandonment histories were analyzed across the country of South Korea. The successional process was confirmed by changes in vegetation profiles and species composition. The vegetation profile showed the process of starting with grassland, passing through the shrub stage, and turning into a tree-dominated forest. DCA ordination based on vegetation data showed that the process began with grasslands consisting of Persicaria thunbergii, Juncus effusus var. decipiens, Phalaris arundinacea, etc., then partially went through shrubland stages consisting of Salix gracilistyla, S. integra, young Salix koreensis, etc., and ultimately changed to a Salix koreensis dominated forest. In order to study the relationship between the succession process of the abandoned rice paddies and riparian vegetation, information on riparian vegetation was collected in the same watershed as the abandoned rice paddies investigated. Riparian vegetation tended to be distributed in the order of grasslands consisting of Phragmites japonica, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, P. arundinacea, etc., shrubland dominated by Salix gracilistyla, S. integra, etc., and a S. koreensis community dominated forest by reflecting the flooding regime as far away from the waterway. The result of stand ordination based on the riparian vegetation data also reflected the trend. From this result, we confirmed that the temporal sequence of the vegetation change that occurred in the abandoned rice fields resembled the spatial distribution of the riparian vegetation. Consequently, succession of the abandoned rice fields restored the riparian forest, which has almost disappeared in Korea and other Asian countries that use rice as their staple food.
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Sargac, Jasmina, Richard Johnson, Francis Burdon, Amélie Truchy, Geta Rîşnoveanu, Peter Goethals, and Brendan McKie. "Forested Riparian Buffers Change the Taxonomic and Functional Composition of Stream Invertebrate Communities in Agricultural Catchments." Water 13, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081028.
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Riparian zones form the interface between stream and terrestrial ecosystems and play a key role through their vegetation structure in determining stream biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and regulating human impacts, such as warming, nutrient enrichment and sedimentation. We assessed how differing riparian vegetation types influence the structural and functional composition (based on species traits) of stream invertebrate communities in agricultural catchments. We characterized riparian and stream habitat conditions and sampled stream invertebrate communities in 10 independent site pairs, each comprising one “unbuffered” reach lacking woody riparian vegetation and a second downstream reach with a woody riparian buffer. Forested riparian buffers were associated with greater shading, increased gravel content in stream substrates and faster flow velocities. We detected changes in invertebrate taxonomic composition in response to buffer presence, with an increase in sensitive Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa and increases in key invertebrate species traits, including species with preference for gravel substrates and aerial active dispersal as adults. Riparian vegetation independently explained most variation in taxa composition, whereas riparian and instream habitat together explained most variation in functional composition. Our results highlight how changes in stream invertebrate trait distributions may indirectly reflect differences in riparian habitat, with implications for stream health and cross-ecosystem connectivity.
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Eekhout, J. P. C., and A. J. F. Hoitink. "Morphodynamic regime change induced by riparian vegetation in a restored lowland stream." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 1, no. 1 (November 15, 2013): 711–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-1-711-2013.
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Abstract. With the aim to establish and understand morphological changes in response to stream restoration measures, a detailed monitoring plan was implemented in a lowland stream called Lunterse Beek, located in the Netherlands. Over a period of 1.5 yr, the monitoring included serial morphological surveys, continuous discharge and water level measurements and riparian vegetation mapping. Morphological processes occurred mainly in the initial period, before riparian vegetation development. In the subsequent period, riparian vegetation started to emerge, with a maximum coverage halfway the survey period, which coincides with the end of the summer period. Detailed morphological and hydrological data show a marked difference in behaviour between the unvegetated initial stage and the vegetated final period. The riparian vegetation cover, obtained from an aerial photo, shows a strong correlation with inundation frequency. We applied linear regression to relate morphological activity to time-averaged bed shear stress. In the initial stage after construction, with negligible riparian vegetation, channel morphology adjusted without a clear response to the discharge hydrograph. In the subsequent period, morphological activity in the channel bed and bank zones showed a clear response to discharge variation. The two stages of morphological response to the restoration measures reveal the role of riparian vegetation, which acts to focus the morphodynamic developments in the main channel.
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Zhao, Qinghe, Shengyan Ding, Qian Liu, Shuoqian Wang, Yaru Jing, and Mengwen Lu. "Vegetation influences soil properties along riparian zones of the Beijiang River in Southern China." PeerJ 8 (August 13, 2020): e9699. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9699.
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Riparian soils and vegetation are important factors influencing the biodiversity and biogeochemical processes of river ecosystems. Riparian soils and vegetation form the foundation for multiple ecosystem services provided by river ecosystems. However, it remains poorly understood how riparian soils and vegetation interact with one another to maintain these services. In this study, we sampled four common types of riparian vegetation associated with the Beijiang River in South China. These included forestland, bamboo forest, mixed forest, and grassland ecosystems. Specifically, we analyzed the spatial distribution of riparian soils and their response to environmental factors (i.e., coverage and height of trees, shrubs and grass, distance to river, and altitude). Our results indicate that soil properties in riparian zones were affected significantly by vegetation type. In particular, clay content, soil organic carbon, and nitrate nitrogen content were significantly correlated with vegetation type. In contrast, changes in soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus content were not associated with vegetation type. Moreover, soil physical and chemical properties interacted with one an other, as well as with vegetation characteristics. This was indicated by the significant correlation observed between soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soil texture, with structural characteristics of the four vegetation types. We also found that height and cover of trees and shrubs were significantly correlated with soil chemical properties. However, the effects of topographic variables such as altitude and distance to river were not significant. Results from this study can thus provide a basis for the ecological restoration and land management of degraded iparian zones.
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Yang, Shuqing, Yuchuan Bai, and Haijue Xu. "Experimental Analysis of River Evolution with Riparian Vegetation." Water 10, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111500.
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Studying the effects of different riparian vegetation densities on river channel evolution has practical significance for predicting the river channel evolution process during flood periods and ecological river engineering via the artificial planting of vegetation. In this study, we simulated the formation and evolution processes of river channels under different riparian vegetation coverage rates in laboratory conditions. The riparian vegetation coverage rates were set as 0, 20, 40 and 80%, on unilateral and bilateral sides of a river channel bank. Given the same flow and sediment boundary conditions, experiments were carried out in a 4 × 1.5 m tank. This paper focuses on the comparative analysis of main stream stability characteristics, bend migration characteristics, river bank erosion characteristics and sediment transport intensity. The results showed that different amounts of riparian vegetation cover created different characteristics of river channel evolution and strongly impacted the stability of the banks and bed. River channel evolution under unilateral vegetation cover is often accompanied by alternate development of the main stream and branch, and the bend stability under unilateral riverbank vegetation cover is worse than under bilateral cover. For a bilateral vegetation-covered river channel, a narrow and deep regime channel more easily forms with a higher vegetation coverage rate; the curvature of the stable river bend is smaller, but the adaptation period of the flow to the river channel bed increases. Planting of riparian vegetation played a positive role in the erosion resistibility, which effectively reduced the lateral migration rate of the riverbank. The higher the vegetation coverage rate, the greater the flow shear stress needed for the same river channel migration rate. While effectively reducing lateral migration, riparian vegetation coverage increased the vertical migration and led to a trend in overall scour depth along the riverbank.
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Lim, Chi Hong, Jeong Hoon Pi, A. Reum Kim, Hyun Je Cho, Kyu Song Lee, Young Han You, Kye Han Lee, Kee Dae Kim, Jeong Suk Moon, and Chang Seok Lee. "Diagnostic Evaluation and Preparation of the Reference Information for River Restoration in South Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 1724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041724.
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We assessed the naturalness of rivers based on the riparian vegetation index throughout the national territory of South Korea as a preparatory process for restoration to improve the ecological quality of rivers. The riparian vegetation index was obtained by incorporating the diversity of species and community, vegetation profile, and ratios of the number of species and areas occupied by exotic, obligate upland, and annual plants. The evaluation was conducted based on both the riparian vegetation index and each vegetation component. The result of the evaluation based on the riparian vegetation index showed that more than 70% of the river reaches were graded as less than “moderate” and exotic and obligate upland plants were more common than endemic aquatic plants. The reaches recorded as “very good” and “good” grades were usually restricted around the upstream of the north and central-eastern parts, whereas reaches of the other areas showed “poor” naturalness (less than “moderate”). The vegetation components selected for the evaluation showed a significant correlation with each other as well as the riparian vegetation index. The degree of contribution of each vegetation component showed that the vegetation profile played the most significant role, followed by species diversity, community diversity, and the ratio of area occupied by annual plants. The riparian vegetation index revealed a significant correlation with the indices based on other taxa such as benthic invertebrates, periphytic algae, and fish, habitat conditions in the waterway, and water quality based on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The diagnostic evaluation results imply that most reaches need ecological restoration. The reference information was prepared by incorporating the vegetation condition with the highest score in each reach in the diagnostic evaluation. The river reach was divided into five reaches of upper and lower valley streams, upstream, midstream, and downstream. Information on the reference vegetation for restoration was prepared with the stand profile including both horizontal and vertical arrangements of riparian vegetation and species composition classified by the reach divided into five types. The levels of restoration were determined based on the diagnostic evaluation results. The lower the naturalness grade, the higher the level of restorative treatment was recommended.
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Ferreira, Fabio Cop, Ursulla Pereira Souza, and Miguel Petrere Junior2. "Presence of riparian vegetation increases biotic condition of fish assemblages in two Brazilian reservoirs." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 27, no. 3 (September 2015): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x4514.
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Abstract The riparian vegetation in lakes and reservoirs is source of course wood structures such as trunks and branches and is used as sheltering, spawning and foraging habitats for fishes. The reduction of these submerged structures can thus, affect the composition and structure of fish assemblages in reservoirs. Aim To evaluate the influence of riparian vegetation on the biotic condition of fish assemblage by adapting the Reservoir Fish Assemblage Index (RFAI) to two reservoirs in the Upper Paranapanema river basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Methods The RFAI was adapted from metrics related to the functional characteristics and composition of fish assemblages through a protocol of metric selection and validation, and to its response to the presence of riparian vegetation. Results The final RFAI was composed by nine metrics, been lower in sites without riparian vegetation as consequence of the predominance of larger individuals and the percent of piscivorous and detritivorous fishes. Conclusions These results suggest that increasing shore habitat complexity in reservoirs by maintaining riparian vegetation increases fish biotic integrity.
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Keir, Anita F., Richard G. Pearson, and Robert A. Congdon. "Determinants of bird assemblage composition in riparian vegetation on sugarcane farms in the Queensland Wet Tropics." Pacific Conservation Biology 21, no. 1 (2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc14904.
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Remnant habitat patches in agricultural landscapes can contribute substantially to wildlife conservation. Understanding the main habitat variables that influence wildlife is important if these remnants are to be appropriately managed. We investigated relationships between the bird assemblages and characteristics of remnant riparian forest at 27 sites among sugarcane fields in the Queensland Wet Tropics bioregion. Sites within the remnant riparian zone had distinctly different bird assemblages from those of the forest, but provided habitat for many forest and generalist species. Width of the riparian vegetation and distance from source forest were the most important factors in explaining the bird assemblages in these remnant ribbons of vegetation. Gradual changes in assemblage composition occurred with increasing distance from source forest, with species of rainforest and dense vegetation being replaced by species of more open habitats, although increasing distance was confounded by decreasing riparian width. Species richness increased with width of the riparian zone, with high richness at the wide sites due to a mixture of open-habitat species typical of narrower sites and rainforest species typical of sites within intact forest, as a result of the greater similarity in vegetation characteristics between wide sites and the forest proper. The results demonstrate the habitat value for birds of remnant riparian vegetation in an agricultural landscape, supporting edge and open vegetation species with even narrow widths, but requiring substantial width (>90 m) to support specialists of the closed forest, the dominant original vegetation of the area.
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Beltrão, Gabriel de Barros Moreira, Elvio Sergio Figueredo Medeiros, and Robson Tamar da Costa Ramos. "Effects of riparian vegetation on the structure of the marginal aquatic habitat and the associated fish assemblage in a tropical Brazilian reservoir." Biota Neotropica 9, no. 4 (December 2009): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032009000400003.
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Riparian zones represent areas of strong biological, physical and chemical interaction between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These areas are usually typified by high diversity of fauna, flora and environmental processes. The present study evaluates the littoral habitat structure and its fish fauna related to associations between presence and absence of natural riparian vegetal cover, in a reservoir in northeastern Brazil. Sampling was performed on marginal areas where riparian vegetation was present and where it had been removed for the plantation of sugar cane. For each type of marginal area three replicate sites were sampled during the wet season. Data on the habitat structure (submerged elements and substrate composition), fish and water quality were collected. The data was analyzed using Shannon-Wiener's diversity index and Pielou's equitability. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling and the Multi-Response Permutation Procedure were used to evaluate similarities between sites. The structure of the habitat was more diverse in sites were natural riparian vegetation was still present. Muddy substrate was more abundant in areas with riparian vegetation whereas sandy substrate was more abundant in areas where riparian vegetation had been removed. Measured physico-chemical parameters and nutrients remained nearly constant across all sites. Metynnis lippincottianus and Crenicichla menezesi were more associated with the habitat in areas where riparian vegetation was removed, whereas Cichlasoma orientale and Cichla ocellaris were strongly correlated to forested areas.
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Rivaes, Rui, Isabel Boavida, José M. Santos, António N. Pinheiro, and Teresa Ferreira. "Importance of considering riparian vegetation requirements for the long-term efficiency of environmental flows in aquatic microhabitats." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 11 (November 22, 2017): 5763–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5763-2017.
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Abstract. Environmental flows remain biased toward the traditional biological group of fish species. Consequently, these flows ignore the inter-annual flow variability that rules species with longer lifecycles and therefore disregard the long-term perspective of the riverine ecosystem. We analyzed the importance of considering riparian requirements for the long-term efficiency of environmental flows. For that analysis, we modeled the riparian vegetation development for a decade facing different environmental flows in two case studies. Next, we assessed the corresponding fish habitat availability of three common fish species in each of the resulting riparian landscape scenarios. Modeling results demonstrated that the environmental flows disregarding riparian vegetation requirements promoted riparian degradation, particularly vegetation encroachment. Such circumstance altered the hydraulic characteristics of the river channel where flow depths and velocities underwent local changes of up to 10 cm and 40 cm s−1, respectively. Accordingly, after a decade of this flow regime, the available habitat area for the considered fish species experienced modifications of up to 110 % when compared to the natural habitat. In turn, environmental flows regarding riparian vegetation requirements were able to maintain riparian vegetation near natural standards, thereby preserving the hydraulic characteristics of the river channel and sustaining the fish habitat close to the natural condition. As a result, fish habitat availability never changed more than 17 % from the natural habitat.
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Zhang, Yifan, Qinghe Zhao, Zihao Cao, and Shengyan Ding. "Inhibiting Effects of Vegetation on the Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yield on Riparian Slope along the Lower Yellow River." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 4, 2019): 3685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133685.
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Riparian vegetation plays a vital role in soil and water conservation and river health maintenance. However, its inhibiting effects on water and soil loss are limited by different factors, such as slope gradient, vegetation coverage and their interaction. Therefore, this study quantified the inhibiting effect of riparian vegetation on the runoff, sediment and hydraulic characteristics of overland flow, and assessed its relative contribution to slope gradient. Specifically, we selected a riparian slope along the lower Yellow River as a case, and used a field-simulated rainfall experiment under specific rainfall intensity (90 mm/h), different vegetation coverage (0%, 15% and 30%) and slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15° and 20°). The results showed that the presence of vegetation can reduce the slope runoff rate and erosion rate. However, greater slope gradients can result in a lowering of the inhibiting effects of riparian vegetation on sediment yield. There was a critical value of vegetation coverage for inhibiting eroded sediments which was influenced by the degree of slope gradient. At 15% vegetation coverage, vegetation inhibited the slope sediment yield greatly at a slope gradient of less than 8°; while at 30% vegetation coverage, vegetation greatly inhibited the slope sediment yield at slope gradients <11°. Hydraulic characteristics were closely related to the slope gradient and vegetation coverage by the power function. Grey correlation analysis revealed that, with increasing of vegetation coverage, the effect of stream power on slope sediment yield decreased, while the effect of the friction coefficient on slope sediment yield increased. In summary, riparian vegetation can effectively inhibit slope runoff and sediment yield, but its inhibiting effect is notably affected by slope gradient.
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Ryan, Justin G., Christine T. Fyfe, and Clive A. McAlpine. "Biomass retention and carbon stocks in integrated vegetation bands: a case study of mixed-age brigalow-eucalypt woodland in southern Queensland, Australia." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 3 (2015): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14023.
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Regrowth of native woody vegetation has the potential to provide an economically valuable source of carbon storage and other ecosystem services. There is a lack of readily applicable examples of how regrowth of forests and woodlands can be integrated with existing grazing production systems and provide soil-protection and water-retention benefits. A system of integrated vegetation bands (IVB) was applied to patchy regrowth of acacia and eucalypt vegetation in a grazed landscape of southern Queensland, Australia. Across a 39.8-ha catchment with 3–5% slope, regrowth of scattered native vegetation (18.4 ha) was surveyed and diameter at breast height and height for all woody plants were recorded. The IVB (6.3 ha) were then marked out as 25-m-wide bands set 100 m apart and offset at ~2–3% gradient to the contour line, retaining the densest/largest regrowth where possible. The data on diameter at breast height and height were analysed using allometric equations to compare aboveground biomass in the original regrowth condition (‘Original’) to that retained in the installed IVB (‘IVB-Riparian’). Estimates of aboveground biomass were calculated for the Original and IVB-Riparian and compared with three other potential regrowth-vegetation management ‘treatments’ in a desktop-modelling study. The models were designated as: (1) ‘Original’; (2) ‘Broad’ (broad-scale cleared with only a few large trees along a creek retained)’; (3) ‘Big Trees’ (only large trees >40 cm diameter at breast height retained); (4) ‘Riparian-IVB (bands of vegetation); and (5) ‘Riparian-IVB-Big Trees’ (large trees together with ‘IVB-Riparian’). In the non-forested area of the catchment, ‘Riparian-IVB-Big Trees’ (301 t), ‘Big Trees’ (249 t) and ‘Riparian-IVB’ (200 t) had the highest aboveground biomass retained, whereas ‘Broad’ resulted in the most pasture area (~33 ha) followed by ‘Riparian-IVB’ (~26 ha). The ‘Riparian-IVB’ treatment had the highest tree density within the vegetation bands and more than half (53%) of the original woody biomass in regrowth was retained on just under a quarter (23%) of the land area minimising the impact on the area of pasture/grazing land. This subsequently resulted in the ‘Riparian-IVB’ treatment having the highest carbon offset value (A$605 ha–1). The results demonstrate that the retention of native regrowth vegetation in either IVB or as large paddock trees can retain a large amount of aboveground biomass, with IVB having greater returns per hectare.
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Scervino, Renata Picolo, Laíssa Leonis Rocha Pinterich Do Canto, and Joel Leandro De Queiroga. "Tree diversity in riparian forests immersed in a pasture with Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster (Poaceae) grass under domain of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv6n1-028.
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The riparian vegetation along water courses and the health of the river’s basin, regarding the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems associated with them, are widely discussed in literature. However, the maintenance of the services and the conservation role that riparian forests provide to flora and fauna may be affected by the regional matrix that surrounds the water course and by the length and composition of the riparian vegetation associated with them. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among the grass cover and arboreal species diversity in three watercourses surrounded by a pasture dominated with the alien grass Uroclhoa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster (former Brachiaria decumbens). Two hypotheses were tested: (i) watercourses with larger riparian forest width present higher richness and abundance of native and zoochoric tree species and those associated to late succession stages, and (ii) watercourses with larger riparian forest width present a lower grass cover on their interior. The study was conducted under domain of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, belonging to the Atlantic Forest biome, municipality of Londrina, Paraná State, south Brazil. The regional climate is Köppen’s Cfa humid subtropical. The soil is classified as a mosaic of eutroferric red nitosols and lithosols. The studied sites mostly comprise pasture with U. decumbens alien grass and small patches of woody vegetation amidst an open pasture dominated by species attributed to the first’s stages of secondary succession. The studied site is immersed in Cambé’s River watershed and contain three watercourses, Cristal River, tributary to São Lourenço River, that, in turn, is tributary to Cambé River. All watercourses are classified as small rivers (Brazilian Forestry Code, federal law: n. 12.651/2012), with length inferior to 10 m between both riversides. The riparian vegetation shares similar characteristics and structure, encompassing woody vegetation with pioneer trees species and high canopy openness. All riparian forests are immersed in pastures with U. decumbens grass. Transects of 200 meters long, measuring one meter wide from the line on both sides of the transect, and one square plot (25 m2) were allocated on the interior of each riparian forest. Transects were evaluated as arboreal species richness and the length of the riparian forest strip. In each plot, the arboreal vegetation was inventoried as species richness, abundance and density, and the U. decumbens cover was measured. The riparian forest width was arranged in two classes, forests with width ≤ 5 m or ≥ 10 m. The studied forests were compared as richness, abundance, density, and grass cover. The correlations among the riparian vegetation with the forest width and grass coverage (%) were evaluated. Species richness, abundance and density did not differ among the watercourses. However, species abundance and density presented positive correlations with the riparian forest width, indicating that the larger is the riparian vegetation, the higher is the species density. Grass cover presents a strong negative correlation with the riparian forest width, indicating that narrow strips of woody vegetation present higher grass cover. A high positive correlation was observed with riparian strip width and native trees, suggesting that native woody species establishment is limited by the riparian strip width and that those rustic trees species are more capable to colonize these environments. Also, the correlation found with species that present abiotic syndromes and pioneer species indicates that trees that can colonize open areas are more suitable to establish on narrow strips of vegetation amidst a pasture. The relationships observed with zoochoric trees suggests that the fauna that visits these forests are tolerant to open areas and visit these areas independently of their vegetation width. The larger riparian forests present lower grass cover and these can be related to shadow micro-sites that reduce the luminosity which can affect the permanence potential of the dominance of U. decumbens. In this way, the data suggests that few plants can establish in these pasture landscape, and those more rustic trees which are able to establish under open areas, high grass cover and canopy openness, and that re-sprout after a fire, became more dominant. For these watercourses, with narrow riparian vegetation strips surrounded by an U. decumbens pasture, the high grass cover can restrict and plant diversity, acting on the course and velocity of secondary succession in these areas.
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Zaimes, George N., and Valasia Iakovoglou. "Assessing Riparian Areas of Greece—An Overview." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010309.
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Riparian areas, especially in the Mediterranean, offer many ecosystem services for the welfare of society benefits from their sustainable management. This study presents different tools used to assess riparian areas of Greece and their results. Riparian areas with different land-uses/vegetation covers along streams or torrents were assessed. The assessment tools were visual protocols, bioindicators, geographic information systems (GIS), vegetation indices, and a model. These tools differ in scale, accuracy, and difficulty of implementation. The riparian areas had Low and Moderate quality in Greece because of agricultural activities and hydrologic alterations. Vegetation appeared more important for the integrity of riparian areas than stream flow (perennial or intermittent). In addition, territorial variables (distance from dam and sea) were more influential compared to climatic variables. Visual protocols and GIS were effective for preliminary assessments. GIS can be applied at a greater scale but was less accurate than the protocols. Bioindicators can provide more cost-effective monitoring than physicochemical water variables. Finally, vegetation indices and models can be used for larger spatial and temporal scales, but require specialized personnel. Overall, riparian areas of Greece seem to be degraded, and monitoring would contribute to the development of a database on riparian areas that should form the basis for sustainable management plans in Greece.
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Nagler, Pamela L., Armando Barreto-Muñoz, Ibrahima Sall, Matthew R. Lurtz, and Kamel Didan. "Riparian Plant Evapotranspiration and Consumptive Use for Selected Areas of the Little Colorado River Watershed on the Navajo Nation." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010052.
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Estimates of riparian vegetation water use are important for hydromorphological assessment, partitioning within human and natural environments, and informing environmental policy decisions. The objectives of this study were to calculate the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) (mm/day and mm/year) and derive riparian vegetation annual consumptive use (CU) in acre-feet (AF) for select riparian areas of the Little Colorado River watershed within the Navajo Nation, in northeastern Arizona, USA. This was accomplished by first estimating the riparian land cover area for trees and shrubs using a 2019 summer scene from National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) (1 m resolution), and then fusing the riparian delineation with Landsat-8 OLI (30-m) to estimate ETa for 2014–2020. We used indirect remote sensing methods based on gridded weather data, Daymet (1 km) and PRISM (4 km), and Landsat measurements of vegetation activity using the two-band Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2). Estimates of potential ET were calculated using Blaney-Criddle. Riparian ETa was quantified using the Nagler ET(EVI2) approach. Using both vector and raster estimates of tree, shrub, and total riparian area, we produced the first CU measurements for this region. Our best estimate of annual CU is 36,983 AF with a range between 31,648–41,585 AF and refines earlier projections of 25,387–46,397 AF.
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Shirley, Susan. "The influence of habitat diversity and structure on bird use of riparian buffer strips in coastal forests of British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 1499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-038.
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I investigated the role of habitat structure in explaining bird species richness and abundance in riparian buffer strips of old-growth coniferous forest on western Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Using buffer strips of varying widths and a control from undisturbed riparian forest, I tested the hypothesis that vegetation differs in buffer strips of varying width. I selected 10 summary variables to represent broad-scale vegetation attributes of riparian habitat. Deciduous tree density was higher, and shrub richness was lower in wide buffers compared with narrow buffers. I then used Akaike information criterion to examine whether vegetation structure or buffer width best explained patterns of bird richness and abundance in riparian habitats. Species richness and abundance in several foraging guilds were explained better by buffer width than by vegetation. Abundances of three bird habitat guilds: riparian specialists, forest-interior, and open-edge species, and 6 of 10 species were best explained by specific vegetation features. Differences in vegetation, particularly deciduous tree density and shrub cover, explained part of the variation in abundance of several riparian forest-dwelling species and may be useful in evaluating specific forest management practices. Because deciduous tree density is also positively correlated with buffer width, wide buffers (>100 m) may benefit not only those species associated with coniferous upland forests and forest generalists sensitive to buffer width, but also those species whose abundance is associated with deciduous trees.
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Johnson, Matthew, Paul Reich, and Ralph Mac Nally. "Bird assemblages of a fragmented agricultural landscape and the relative importance of vegetation structure and landscape pattern." Wildlife Research 34, no. 3 (2007): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06103.
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Many of the world’s agricultural areas have greatly reduced levels of natural vegetation. This results in highly fragmented mosaic landscapes with multiple land-use types. We examined the importance of vegetation and landscape pattern by comparing the bird assemblages of riparian zones, non-riparian forest patches, and pasture in a fragmented agricultural landscape in south-eastern Australia. Bird surveys were conducted every four weeks at 27 sites in the Goldfields region of central Victoria for one year. The landscape context (position and shape of patches) and vegetation attributes were measured for each site. We found that bird assemblages strongly differed among these landscape elements. Mean abundance was significantly greater at forested patches, and there was a three-fold reduction in species richness at pasture sites. Bird assemblage structure was influenced substantially more by vegetation than by the landscape context of sites. Our results indicate that riparian vegetation is a key element for avian diversity, even in massively altered landscapes. The restoration of riparian vegetation and its connectivity with adjacent forest types would greatly benefit bird assemblages in agricultural areas.
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Mathews, Lauren E. H., and Alicia M. Kinoshita. "Urban Fire Severity and Vegetation Dynamics in Southern California." Remote Sensing 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010019.
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A combination of satellite image indices and in-field observations was used to investigate the impact of fuel conditions, fire behavior, and vegetation regrowth patterns, altered by invasive riparian vegetation. Satellite image metrics, differenced normalized burn severity (dNBR) and differenced normalized difference vegetation index (dNDVI), were approximated for non-native, riparian, or upland vegetation for traditional timeframes (0-, 1-, and 3-years) after eleven urban fires across a spectrum of invasive vegetation cover. Larger burn severity and loss of green canopy (NDVI) was detected for riparian areas compared to the uplands. The presence of invasive vegetation affected the distribution of burn severity and canopy loss detected within each fire. Fires with native vegetation cover had a higher severity and resulted in larger immediate loss of canopy than fires with substantial amounts of non-native vegetation. The lower burn severity observed 1–3 years after the fires with non-native vegetation suggests a rapid regrowth of non-native grasses, resulting in a smaller measured canopy loss relative to native vegetation immediately after fire. This observed fire pattern favors the life cycle and perpetuation of many opportunistic grasses within urban riparian areas. This research builds upon our current knowledge of wildfire recovery processes and highlights the unique challenges of remotely assessing vegetation biophysical status within urban Mediterranean riverine systems.
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Popescu, Cristina, Mihaela Oprina-Pavelescu, Valentin Dinu, Constantin Cazacu, Francis Burdon, Marie Forio, Benjamin Kupilas, et al. "Riparian Vegetation Structure Influences Terrestrial Invertebrate Communities in an Agricultural Landscape." Water 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020188.
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Stream and terrestrial ecosystems are intimately connected by riparian zones that support high biodiversity but are also vulnerable to human impacts. Landscape disturbances, overgrazing, and diffuse pollution of agrochemicals threaten riparian biodiversity and the delivery of ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. We assessed how terrestrial invertebrate communities respond to changes in riparian vegetation in Romanian agricultural catchments, with a focus on the role of forested riparian buffers. Riparian invertebrates were sampled in 10 paired sites, with each pair consisting of an unbuffered upstream reach and a downstream reach buffered with woody riparian vegetation. Our results revealed distinct invertebrate community structures in the two site types. Out of 33 invertebrate families, 13 were unique to either forested (6) or unbuffered (7) sites. Thomisidae, Clubionidae, Tetragnathidae, Curculionidae, Culicidae, and Cicadidae were associated with forested buffers, while Lycosidae, Chrysomelidae, Staphylinidae, Coccinellidae, Tettigoniidae, Formicidae, and Eutichuridae were more abundant in unbuffered sites. Despite statistically equivocal results, invertebrate diversity was generally higher in forested riparian buffers. Local riparian attributes significantly influenced patterns in invertebrate community composition. Our findings highlight the importance of local woody riparian buffers in maintaining terrestrial invertebrate diversity and their potential contribution as a multifunctional management tool in agricultural landscapes.
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Furuya, Danielle Elis Garcia, João Alex Floriano Aguiar, Nayara V. Estrabis, Mayara Maezano Faita Pinheiro, Michelle Taís Garcia Furuya, Danillo Roberto Pereira, Wesley Nunes Gonçalves, et al. "A Machine Learning Approach for Mapping Forest Vegetation in Riparian Zones in an Atlantic Biome Environment Using Sentinel-2 Imagery." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 14, 2020): 4086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244086.
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Riparian zones consist of important environmental regions, specifically to maintain the quality of water resources. Accurately mapping forest vegetation in riparian zones is an important issue, since it may provide information about numerous surface processes that occur in these areas. Recently, machine learning algorithms have gained attention as an innovative approach to extract information from remote sensing imagery, including to support the mapping task of vegetation areas. Nonetheless, studies related to machine learning application for forest vegetation mapping in the riparian zones exclusively is still limited. Therefore, this paper presents a framework for forest vegetation mapping in riparian zones based on machine learning models using orbital multispectral images. A total of 14 Sentinel-2 images registered throughout the year, covering a large riparian zone of a portion of a wide river in the Pontal do Paranapanema region, São Paulo state, Brazil, was adopted as the dataset. This area is mainly composed of the Atlantic Biome vegetation, and it is near to the last primary fragment of its biome, being an important region from the environmental planning point of view. We compared the performance of multiple machine learning algorithms like decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and normal Bayes (NB). We evaluated different dates and locations with all models. Our results demonstrated that the DT learner has, overall, the highest accuracy in this task. The DT algorithm also showed high accuracy when applied on different dates and in the riparian zone of another river. We conclude that the proposed approach is appropriated to accurately map forest vegetation in riparian zones, including temporal context.
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Villalobos, C., and Barry Keller. "Small Mammal Distributions in Riparian and Adjacent Habitats of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 16 (January 1, 1992): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1992.3099.
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Riparian ecosystems are among the most productive biological systems providing food, water, shade, and cover for wildlife (Thomas et al. 1979a). Furthermore, they may display a greater diversity of plant and animal species and vegetative structure than adjacent ecosystems (USDI 1986). Thomas et al. (1979a) provide a descriptive definition which characterizes riparian ecosystems by the presence of trees, shrubs, or herbaceous vegetation that require free or unbound water, or conditions that are more moist than those of the surrounding areas. They suggest that more wildlife species depend entirely on or spend disproportionally more time in riparian habitat than any other. Although the importance of riparian vegetation to wildlife has been apparent since the 1970's, its overall importance to vertebrate species has not been widely studied, especially in the western United States (Patton 1977). Elsewhere, there is a paucity of information on the ecological role of small mammals in riparian areas. Because small vertebrate species may serve as an especially important link in the food chain of threatened, endangered, or reintroduced species, and because small mammal species seem to be compacted in environmentally diverse areas, analysis of riparian vertebrate communities should provide important insights in mechanisms of habitat subdivision and utilization. Clearly, riparian areas contain a greater variety of species than adjoining forest or upslope habitats (Cross 1985). The effect of patch shape on the number of species occupying riparian habitats also has received limited attention (Patton 1975). Because riparian habitat consists of a narrow patch, the elongated shape of riparian areas produces a low interior-toÂhigh-edge ratio which may facilitate or enhance ecological processes, especially the production and dispersal of small mammals. Unfortunately, no documentation exists about patterns of mammalian movement along stream corridors (Forman and Godron 1986). Thus, the importance of the relative use of the edge, riparian, and upland areas by small mammals needs to be investigated, especially in forested mountain land, where riparian areas tend to have smaller areal extent and economic value than upslope vegetation (Swanson et al. 1982). The principle objective of our study was to determine if consistent environmental and landscape features could be found in western riparian, edge, and upland communities, and if these features affected residency of small mammals in Grand Teton National Park. Three independent study sites were studied from June, 1991 through October, 1991 in preparation for a proposed long-term analysis of the role of riparian areas in production of small mammals.
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Nelson, S. Mark, and Rick Wydoski. "Butterfly Assemblages Associated with Invasive Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) Sites: Comparisons with Tamarisk Control and Native Vegetation Reference Sites." Journal of Insects 2013 (August 19, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/561617.
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We studied butterfly assemblages at six types of riparian landscapes in five different watersheds in the southwestern United States (n=34 sites). Sites included exotic-invasive Tamarix ramosissima (tamarisk) dominated sites; sites where tamarisk was controlled, but not actively revegetated; sites revegetated with upland plants; sites where control was followed with riparian plant revegetation; native riparian vegetation sites; and sites that were a mixture of native and tamarisk vegetations. Local butterfly species were linked regionally by identifying species consisting of more sensitive butterflies that are less resilient to vegetation changes and environmental perturbations and then identifying a subgroup that was reported from all watersheds. This allowed for a regional assessment relevant to all watersheds. Significant differences were found between the abundance of these in-common disturbance sensitive species at different landscapes. Sites where tamarisk was removed without restoration had butterfly metrics similar to the low values at tamarisk sites. The assumption that tamarisk removal is sufficient to recover sensitive species was not true in cases we examined. Soil moisture and riparian condition were identified as important variables associated with abundance of more sensitive butterfly species. Results support the importance of reinstating stream-flow regimes and suggest active restoration of sites if sensitive riparian wildlife species are desired.
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Wolski, Krzysztof, Tomasz Tymiński, and Grzegorz Chrobak. "Numerical modeling of the hydraulic impact of riparian vegetation." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400194.
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This paper presents results of numerical modelling of riverbed segment with riparian vegetation performed with use of CCHE2 software. Vegetation zones are places where dynamic of water flow increases. Therefore, there is a need of careful examination of hydraulic impact structure of such zones. Accurate research is necessary and should be performed with use of physical or numerical models, two or three dimensional. Paper presents distribution of velocity and area of water surface for two variants of vegetation deposition acquired in CCHE2D software and modelled for riverbed with distinctive riparian vegetation. Results point to significant (30–40%) increase of maximal velocities in riverbed with riparian vegetation, while directly near the vegetation there were zones with very low velocities. Local damming occurs before vegetal zone. Maximal shear stress in zones with increased velocity is significantly augmented compared to conditions with no vegetation, which can cause more intensive erosion in those zones
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Baker, William L. "Species richness of Colorado riparian vegetation." Journal of Vegetation Science 1, no. 1 (February 1990): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3236061.
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Hupp, Cliff R., and W. R. Osterkamp. "Riparian vegetation and fluvial geomorphic processes." Geomorphology 14, no. 4 (January 1996): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555x(95)00042-4.
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Nilsson, Christer, Roland Jansson, Lenka Kuglerová, Lovisa Lind, and Lotta Ström. "Boreal Riparian Vegetation Under Climate Change." Ecosystems 16, no. 3 (December 8, 2012): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9622-3.
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Noa-Yarasca, Efrain, Meghna Babbar-Sebens, and Chris Jordan. "An improved model of shade-affected stream temperature in Soil & Water Assessment Tool." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 27, no. 3 (February 10, 2023): 739–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-739-2023.
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Abstract. Stream temperatures have been increasing worldwide, in some cases reaching unsustainable levels for aquatic life. Riparian revegetation has been identified as a strategy for managing stream temperatures by blocking direct solar radiation. In this study, the effects of riparian vegetation on stream temperatures were included within the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model through a shade factor parameter. An equilibrium temperature approach was used to integrate the shade factor in an energy balance context. The stream temperature sub-model was improved using the new energy balance equation and integrated into SWAT. Unlike existing models, the modified SWAT model enables improved representation of two processes – mass and heat transfer – that influence stream temperature change and enables simulation of shading and its effects on stream temperatures at sub-basin scales. The updated SWAT model was tested in Dairy McKay Watershed, OR, USA, for four scenarios: current conditions of riparian vegetation, full restoration, efficient restoration, and no vegetation. The model calibration under current riparian vegetation showed good performance (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency NSE > 0.74). Stream temperature reduction and number of days with stream temperatures above survival limits (NDSTASL) for aquatic species were also evaluated as measures of riparian shade performance. Findings showed average temperature reductions of 0.91 ∘C (SD = 0.69 ∘C) and reductions in NDSTASL of 17.1 d over a year for full riparian restoration and average reductions of 0.86 ∘C (SD = 0.67 ∘C) and 16.2 d for efficient restoration. Notwithstanding the similar benefits, efficient restoration was 14.4 % cheaper than full riparian vegetation restoration.
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Momm, Henrique G., Lindsey M. W. Yasarer, Ronald L. Bingner, Robert R. Wells, and Roger A. Kunhle. "Evaluation of Sediment Load Reduction by Natural Riparian Vegetation in the Goodwin Creek Watershed." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 5 (2019): 1325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13492.
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Abstract. Natural riparian vegetation can contribute to edge-of-field filtering of nonpoint-source (NPS) pollutants and function as a conservation structure. The challenge resides in quantifying the performance of riparian vegetation. In this study, the impact of natural and constructed riparian vegetation in reducing sediment loads was evaluated at field and watershed scales in the Goodwin Creek experimental watershed using the Annualized Agriculture Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) watershed pollutant model. Detailed characterization of actual natural riparian vegetation was performed with the AGNPS-Buffer GIS tool (AGBUF), and the results were integrated with the AnnAGNPS model to estimate suspended sediment concentrations at the edges of fields and at the watershed outlet. The specific objectives focused on natural vegetation characterization, quantification of sediment trapping efficiency (TE), and comparison of sediment loads of different particle sizes under contrasting alternative scenarios with varying buffer widths and concentrated flow path (CFP) assumptions. Simulation results indicated that the potential of natural riparian vegetation to reduce sediment yield differed for clay, silt, and sand particle sizes. Evaluation of the simulation describing actual conditions but with varying CFP assumptions indicated improved agreement with the observed values when an increasing number of CFPs was considered. Simulation results demonstrated the importance of maintenance to prevent CFPs, as comparisons of simulations containing constructed buffer alternatives suggested that narrower well-maintained buffers can be as efficient as wider buffers containing CFPs and have the potential to remove less land from production. Keywords: AnnAGNPS, Buffer trapping efficiency, Integrated field and watershed scales, Natural riparian buffers, Watershed modeling.
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MERRITT, DAVID M., MICHAEL L. SCOTT, N. LeROY POFF, GREGOR T. AUBLE, and DAVID A. LYTLE. "Theory, methods and tools for determining environmental flows for riparian vegetation: riparian vegetation-flow response guilds." Freshwater Biology 55, no. 1 (January 2010): 206–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02206.x.
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Pavanelli, Donatella, and Claudio Cavazza. "River Suspended Sediment Control through Riparian Vegetation: A Method to Detect the Functionality of Riparian Vegetation." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 38, no. 11 (November 2010): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201000016.
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Eekhout, J. P. C., R. G. A. Fraaije, and A. J. F. Hoitink. "Morphodynamic regime change in a reconstructed lowland stream." Earth Surface Dynamics 2, no. 1 (May 26, 2014): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-279-2014.
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Abstract. With the aim to establish and understand morphological changes in response to channel reconstruction, a detailed monitoring plan was implemented in a lowland stream called Lunterse Beek, located in the Netherlands. Over a period of almost 2 years, the monitoring programme included serial morphological surveys, continuous discharge and water level measurements, and riparian vegetation mapping, from photographs and field surveys. Morphological processes occurred mainly in the initial period, before riparian vegetation developed. The initial period was largely dominated by upstream sediment supply, which was associated with channel incision upstream from the study area. Herbaceous vegetation started to develop approximately 7 months after channel reconstruction. The monitoring period included two growing seasons. A clear increase of riparian vegetation cover from first to the second year was observed. Detailed morphological and hydrological data show a marked difference in morphological behaviour between the pre-vegetation and post-vegetation stage. A linear regression procedure was applied to relate morphological activity to time-averaged Shields stress. In the initial stage after channel reconstruction, with negligible riparian vegetation, channel morphology adjusted, showing only a weak response to the discharge hydrograph. In the subsequent period, morphological activity in the channel showed a clear relation with discharge variation. The two stages of morphological response to the restoration measures may be largely associated with the upstream sediment supply in the initial period. Riparian vegetation may have played a substantial role in stabilizing the channel banks and floodplain area, gradually restricting the morphological adjustments to the channel bed.
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Bolt, Laura M., Dorian G. Russell, Elizabeth M. C. Coggeshall, Zachary S. Jacobson, Carrie Merrigan-Johnson, and Amy L. Schreier. "Howling by the river: howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) communication in an anthropogenically-altered riparian forest in Costa Rica." Behaviour 157, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003582.
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Abstract The ways that forest edges may affect animal vocalization behaviour are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of various types of edge habitat on the loud calls (howls) of a folivorous-frugivorous primate species, Alouatta palliata, with reference to the ecological resource defence hypothesis, which predicts that males howl to defend vegetation resources. We tested this hypothesis across four forest zones — interior, riparian, anthropogenic, and combined forest edges — in a riparian forest fragment in Costa Rica. We predicted vegetation and howling would differ between forest zones, with riparian and interior zones showing the highest values and anthropogenic edge the lowest. Our results indicated that vegetation was richer and howling longer in riparian and interior zones compared to combined and anthropogenic edges, supporting the resource defence hypothesis and providing some of the first evidence in animal communication scholarship for differences in behavioural edge effects between natural riparian and anthropogenic edges.