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Academic literature on the topic 'Riparian tree'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Riparian tree"

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Lefaan, Paskalina Th, Hans Fence Zakeus Peday, Simon Petrus Oktovianus Leatemia, Luky Sembel, and Emmanuel Manangkalangi. "Structure of Riparian Vegetation and Its Implications for The Habitat Conditions of Arfak Rainbowfish, Melanotaenia Arfakensis at The Nimbai Stream, Manokwari, West Papua." Samakia : Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan 10, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/jsapi.v10i1.258.

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Riparian vegetation has an important role in maintaining water stability, one of which is the river. This study aims to describe the structure of riparian vegetation so that its implications can be seen for the conditions of rainbow arfak habitat on the Nimbai River. The study was conducted in three forest types, namely primary riparia forest, secondary riparia forest and open riparia forest. Sample collection of riparian vegetation was carried out by purposive sampling using sample plots. Plots measuring 2 m x 2 m are used to sample seedling and understorey growth, plots measuring 5 m x 5 m for growth at the stake level, while plots measuring 10 m x 10 m and 20 m x 20 m, for growth of pole and tree levels respectively. The identification results obtained a total of 35 species of understorey and 51 tree-level plants in all three types of riparian forests. Based on the analysis of vegetation structure, it is known that the condition of primary riparia forest and secondary riparian forest still relatively supports the life of arfak rainbow fish compared to open riparian forest. Higher tree level density associated with canopy cover which has implications for the temperature of the water to be colder and less fluctuating, input larger litter into the food chain in the river, and hold suspended particles into the river. Also, the function of riparian vegetation in spawning activities, substrate attaching eggs and nursery habitat for arfak rainbow fish larvae. The results of this study indicate the importance of riparian vegetation structure on the condition of rainbow arfak fish habitat. An understanding of the structure of vegetation is also a basic information for efforts to rehabilitate this endemic fish habitat to maintain the existence of a natural population.
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Meko, David M., Irina P. Panyushkina, Leonid I. Agafonov, and Julie A. Edwards. "Impact of high flows of an Arctic river on ring widths of floodplain trees." Holocene 30, no. 6 (February 5, 2020): 789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620902217.

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The tree-ring signal for flooding along the Ob River, a large Arctic River in western Siberia, is investigated using a combination of floodplain tree-ring sites from riparian and non-riparian settings. A conceptual model is presented contrasting tree-growth responses of riparian and non-riparian trees to unusually severe flooding. A set of five riparian ( Salix and Populus) tree-ring chronologies is developed and used in combination with existing floodplain non-riparian Larix and Pinus chronologies in a binary classification tree (CT) model to classify high-flood years, defined as a Salekhard water-level gage reading in the seasonal window from May 1 to August 31 of above 470 cm for 82 or more consecutive days. Correlation and regression identifies a nonlinear relationship of riparian ring widths to discharge and flooding: higher annual discharge generally leads to higher growth, but the relationship reverses in extreme-flood years. Micrographs highlight the suppression of width and occasional distortion of cell anatomy in selected trees. CT modeling guided by cross-validation yields a CT model with a primary split on the riparian ring width and secondary split on the non-riparian ring width. The model successfully identifies four of the eight most severe high-flow years, 1934–2014. The model further identifies two years (1885 and 1914) before the start of the gaged record in 1934 as high-flow years. No appreciable difference is found in frequency of high-flow years before and after 1956, when the first major reservoirs began filling upstream of the Lower Ob. The CT modeling approach is proposed as a novel approach to dealing with nonlinearity in reconstructing flood history of Arctic rivers from tree rings.
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Erif, La Ode Muhammad, and Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan. "THE ABUNDANCE OF KARST-RIPARIAN FOREST IN THE CATCHMENT AREA OF SAMPOLAWA RIVER BAUBAU, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (September 20, 2015): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.217.

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<p>Riparian forest is a source energy and matter for the aquatic ecosystem. The abilities of riparian forest are to control and recycle the allochthonous inputs from the upland drainage basin and the river itself. This processess are a fundamental aspect of river ecology. We studied the riparian forest in karst ecosystem setting, at the protected forest of Sampolawa headwaters river, Baubau, Southeast Sulawesi. We focussed on the structure and composition of species richness of the forest. Data were collected using quadrate methods, 20mx20m, with 4 replicates placed at each river side. Results reveal that the forest compossed of 7 growth-forms, trees, saplings, seedlings, palm, herbs, liana, and spike moss. The tree species richness of tree and sapling was 33 and 37 species in consecutively. The tree species of Sphatolobus sp., Aglaia silvestris, and Canarium asperum dominated this riparian forest. Similarly the sapling dominance were Sphatolobus sp., Aglaia sp., and Chrysophyllum lanceolatum, as well as the seedlings of Sphatolobus sp., Palaquium obovatum and Chrysophyllum lanceolatum. Thus, the Sphatolobus sp. will be the future tree. However, Anthocephalus macrophyllus saplings were not found, thus this tree was endangered. Soil nutrients of NO3, NH4, PO4, and C organic were high, which indicated that the litterfall decomposition occurred at the forest riparian floor. The Riparian forest was a primary forest and very diversed in species richnes but had low densities. All the tree, sapling, and seedling species characterized the riparian forest of karst ecosystem at the headwaters of Sampolawa River in the karst ecosystem setting.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: Anthocephalus, karst-riparian forest, headwaters</p>
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KUMAR, RAMAN, and GHAZALA SHAHABUDDIN. "Effects of biomass extraction on vegetation structure, diversity and composition of forests in Sariska Tiger Reserve, India." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 3 (September 2005): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905002316.

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Despite the fact that tropical dry forests are being exploited on a large scale for various forest products, there has been limited evaluation of the accompanying ecological impacts. In particular, there is no information on the effects of widespread biomass extraction such as grazing and firewood collection. A study was carried out in Sariska Tiger Reserve in northern India, to investigate the effects of biomass extraction on forest vegetation composition, diversity and structure. Biomass extraction caused significant changes in forest vegetation structure and species composition in the tree layer but the extent of these changes varied across the three major vegetation types found in the Reserve. Anogeissus-dominated slope forest showed significantly lower mean canopy cover, tree density, tree basal area and height of trees in disturbed sites in comparison to undisturbed sites. Riparian forest showed lower mean canopy cover, tree basal areas and number of recorded tree species in disturbed sites. Scrub forest had lower mean canopy cover, tree basal area and tree height. There were fewer tall trees but greater number of short trees in disturbed sites of all three vegetation types. Girths of trees similarly shifted towards lower values in riparian and scrub forest. In Anogeissus-dominated forest, disturbed and undisturbed sites did not differ in proportions of trees in various girth-classes. Tree species richness was substantially lower in disturbed sites of Anogeissus-dominated and riparian forest in comparison to undisturbed sites, but was not affected by disturbance in scrub forest. Understorey species richness was higher in disturbed sites of all three vegetation types but understorey changed structurally only in Anogeissus-dominated forest. Overall tree and understorey species composition was significantly different between disturbed and undisturbed sites of Anogeissus-dominated forest, but was unchanged in scrub and riparian forest. Observed changes in vegetation structure, diversity and composition of the different vegetation types due to biomass extraction have implications for biodiversity conservation in tropical dry forest ecosystems, and need to be addressed in future forest management planning.
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Ónodi, Gábor, and Dániel Winkler. "Nest site characteristics of the Great-spotted Woodpecker in a bottomland riparian forest in the presence of invasive tree species." Ornis Hungarica 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2016-0005.

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Abstract This study was carried out in Hungary, in an old unmanaged riparian poplar-willow forest during the breeding seasons of 2014 and 2015. The occurrence of two invasive tree species, the green ash and boxelder, is significant in the study area, which influences negatively the populations of native riparian tree species in Central Europe. We studied Great-spotted Woodpecker nest sites in the presence of these invasive species. Throughout the study period, eight and twelve nesting cavity trees were mapped. Trees were recorded in 20-20 circular plots of 0.05 ha both for each mapped nest trees and random plots as well. Species, diameter at breast height and condition were recorded for each tree. Composition and diversity of nest site and random plots were compared. Distributions and preferences were calculated for nest tree use. Most of the recorded trees were invasive. Nest site plots had more native trees compared to random plots. Nest site showed higher diversity in terms of all three variables. Decayed and dead willow and white poplar hybrid trees were preferred for nesting. Diameter at breast height of nest trees was between 30-90 cm. Studies about cavity excavators in transformed habitats have high importance for nature conservation of riparian forests.
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S. Law, Bradley, Mark Chidel, and Graham Turner. "The use by wildlife of paddock trees in farmland." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 2 (2000): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc000130.

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Morning and dusk watches at live and dead trees were used to systematically investigate which species of vertebrates use paddock trees within farmland proposed for the establishment of Eucalyptus plantations in northern New South Wales. Tree-watches at 108 trees were stratified on farmland as isolated, in small patches, remnant vegetation and riparian strips plus in adjacent forest. Arboreal marsupials and bats emerged from hollows in 11% and 8% of trees, respectively. Only one colonial bat roost was observed, although the marsupials Trichosurus vulpecula and Petaurus breviceps were widespread in the landscape. Two threatened species of marsupials (Petaurus norfolcensis and Phascogale tapoatafa) were observed using paddock trees on flats or slopes outside of riparian strips. Among owls, only the Southern Boobook Ninox novaeseelandiae and Barn Owl Tyto alba were observed using tree hollows on farmland. For all hollow-dependent nocturnal fauna (marsupials, bats and owls), very large tree diameter best predicted occupation of a tree-hollow (especially if <800 m from the nearest forest). In addition to providing hollows, paddock trees were used for foraging. Morning surveys revealed 35 diurnal bird species on isolated trees, although most were generalists (e.g., Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius, Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala) that were also regular visitors to non-isolated trees in remnant vegetation. More forest-dependent and forest-associated bird species were recorded in forests and riparian strips than other tree categories, reinforcing the high conservation value of riparian strips in farmland. After dark, ultrasonic detectors recorded 21 species of bat (seven threatened species) flying in close proximity to paddock trees. Relatively high levels of activity were recorded at one study location for species rarely recorded in forests (e.g., Scoteanax rueppellii). Remnant Eucalyptus tereticornis and E. amplifolia were a significant source of blossom for nectarivores and they were also associated with high bat activity, possibly because they grow on fertile soil. Recommendations on tree retention guidelines are discussed.
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Sickle, John Van, and Stanley V. Gregory. "Modeling inputs of large woody debris to streams from falling trees." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 1593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-211.

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A probabilistic model predicts means and variances of the total number and volume of large woody debris pieces falling into a stream reach per unit time. The estimates of debris input are based on the density (trees/area), tree size distribution, and tree-fall probability of the riparian stand adjacent to the reach. Distributions of volume, length, and orientation of delivered debris pieces are also predicted. The model is applied to an old-growth coniferous stand in Oregon's Cascade Mountains. Observed debris inputs from the riparian stand exceeded the inputs predicted from tree mortality rates typical of similar nonriparian stands. Debris pieces observed in the stream were generally shorter, with less volume per piece, than those predicted by the model, probably because of bole breakage during tree fall. As a second application, predicted debris inputs from riparian management zones of various widths are compared with the input expected from an unharvested stand.
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IZZATI, URFI, and HAYATI SARI HASIBUAN. "Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 2 (February 17, 2019): 595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200241.

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Abstract. Izzati U, Hasibuan HS. 2019. Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 595-603. Riparian is a riverbank area that has unique characteristics. It is a combination of terrestrial with aquatic habitats so that riparian ecosystems have high biodiversity values. Riparian is included in a protected area that is naturally designated for vegetation, but in reality, riparian areas, especially in urban areas, have a lot of conversion of land functions by humans so that it can disrupt diversity of tree and bird species. This study aims to identify the diversity of tree and bird species and the correlation between the two. Riparian length of Cisadane River, South Tangerang City is 20.15 km. The method used was plot line with size of 20 m x 20 m for tree data and line transect for bird data by systematic sampling with a random start then analyzed using Shannon Wiener index. The results obtained were found 22 tree species included in 11 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.707 and 40 bird species belonging to 25 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.794. The diversity of tree and bird species is classified as medium. The results of the analysis using the Pearson correlation between the diversity of tree with bird species obtained that there was no relationship between the two. Based on these results, riparian zones in urban areas need to be maintained and improved in quality so that the diversity of tree and bird species increases so as to create a stable ecosystem.
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Dahlström, Niklas, and Christer Nilsson. "The dynamics of coarse woody debris in boreal Swedish forests are similar between stream channels and adjacent riparian forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-015.

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Although numerous studies have focused on the dynamics of coarse woody debris (CWD) in boreal Fennoscandian forests, information on CWD in streams remains limited. To achieve a better understanding of CWD dynamics in streams we compared amounts and characteristics of CWD between streams and adjacent riparian forests in old-growth and managed forest sites, respectively. We also identified distances to the sources of CWD and evaluated these in relation to the lateral zonation of riparian trees. CWD volumes found in the stream channels were related to, but exceeded, the volumes found in the adjacent forest. In-channel volumes separated by species were better correlated with terrestrial volumes of CWD than with volumes of living trees. Tree species appeared to be zoned across the riparian zone, with slightly higher abundances of deciduous trees and lower abundances of Scots pine trees close to the stream. Similar to upland forests, riparian forests were dominated by coniferous tree species, mainly Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). These findings suggest large similarities in CWD input between streams and riparian forests and substantially slower decomposition rates in stream channels compared with those in riparian forest. The results provide an improved basis for creating reliable models of CWD supply and maintenance in streams based on knowledge of forest development and CWD dynamics in the terrestrial environment. Site productivity could potentially be used to predict CWD volumes in stream channels under pristine conditions.
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Ali, Magdi, Samar Hassan, and Abdel-Samei Shaheen. "Impact of riparian trees shade on aquatic plant abundance in conservation islands." Acta Botanica Croatica 70, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10184-010-0012-7.

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Impact of riparian trees shade on aquatic plant abundance in conservation islands Temperature, acidity, light conditions, total dissolved salts, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, submerged macrophytes and shade and sun path directions were measured at 23 sites along the River Nile banks with aAcacia nilotica growing at water's edge around the First Cataract Conservation Islands. Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton crispus were common in the shaded and unshaded zones, Myriophyllum spicatum and Vallisneria spiralis were found only in the unshaded zone and Azolla filiculoides only in the shaded zone. Banks of the sites surveyed were oriented to five directions (NW, SE, NE, SW, N). There is a significant difference in both the type and density of submerged plants growing under the shade of riparian trees (Acacia nilotica) as compared to unshaded areas. Water column irradiance is the most influential variable dictating the distribution of submerged plants. The area of the shade provided by riparian trees was affected by environmental and/or plant variables. Environmental variables comprised the daily course of the exposition to sun; and plant variables included the area of the tree crown, the height of the tree and geographical position of the tree in relation to sun exposition. Trees on the west bank of the islands at the SW-NE direction have the highest shading effect. The management of tree vegetationmight control incoming solar radiation affecting submerged macrophytes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Riparian tree"

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Schachtschneider, Klaudia. "Water sourcing by riparian tree species in ephemaral rivers." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6182.

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In arid southern Africa, many rivers are ephemeral, and surface flow occurs for less than 10% of the year. Floods, which occur erratically, recharge groundwater resources on which riverine vegetation depends. Trees and shrubs are the most common life forms along these river systems, because surface flows are too erratic for aquatic organisms to flourish. There is concern that alterations to the current water regime of ephemeral rivers will affect the distribution of riparian vegetation as trees provide valuable fodder, shade, firewood and construction material in otherwise inhospitable surroundings. Climate change, population growth and development needs all place growing pressure on these water-limited ecosystems. Careful catchment management is essential to meet human water needs without jeopardising the ecosystems. This is easier said than done however, as ephemeral river ecology and functioning are hardly understood. Their unpredictable hydrology, strong groundwater association, often remote location and the presence of large terrestrial life forms make ephemeral rivers difficult to understand and current âEnvironmental water allocationâ methods for wetter systems are unsuitable. Alternative methods are being developed, but to date they still have a strong emphasis on aquatic life forms and riparian vegetation is still insufficiently addressed. This study provides an ecophysiological perspective on the water sources and drought tolerance levels of four key riparian tree species in Southern Africa. The aim is to contribute to an improved understanding of the interrelationships between river flow, groundwater and use of water by trees. Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen isotope results show that the three key species along the Kuiseb River (Acacia erioloba, Faidherbia albida and Tamarix usneoides) do not take up any water from the regularly occurring fog events. Instead, they depend on a seasonally fluctuating mix of shallow and deep soil moisture as well as groundwater. All these water sources rely on regular recharge from floods. It suggests that reductions in flood frequency and especially in magnitude and duration will reduce groundwater recharge and affect species productivity and survival. It was investigated why A. erioloba, growing in the presence of the alien Prosopis glandulosa, show high mortality rates. The study used stable 2H, 18O and 13C isotopes, xylem pressure potentials and percentage canopy dieback to conclude that within the riparian zone, the two species depend on the same water sources and that indigenous A. erioloba are 2 significantly more water stressed when growing alongside P. glandulosa. Further inland A. erioloba is entirely groundwater dependent while P. glandulosa seasonally switches between water sources. This resource partitioning is advantageous for A. erioloba, which does not display the same levels of water stress as in the riparian zone. An investigation into the physiological structure, including wood density, xylem vessel diameters and xylem vulnerability to cavitation for all four species showed that A. erioloba was structurally the most drought tolerant. This finding corresponded well with its high survival rate in the 1980s Namib drought. In the Kalahari, however, it is still outcompeted by P. glandulosa, suggesting that the invasive species has a competitive edge over A. erioloba that goes beyond xylem structure. P. glandulosa and T. usneoides are similar in structure. F. albida is structurally the most vulnerable of the species, supporting the high mortality rates observed in the 1980âs. Water sourcing using stable Hydrogen and Oxygen isotopes, xylem structure and phenology were compared for three A. erioloba stands with access to different groundwater depths (4 m, 21 m and 56 m). The aim was to determine whether A. erioloba physiology changed proportionally to groundwater depth. Results show that A. erioloba structure and phenology do respond proportionally to groundwater depth, suggesting that A. erioloba can reach deep groundwater, but that this comes at a cost of increased water stress and reduced vitality. Ttrees depending on deep groundwater may thus be closer to a water-induced survival threshold than those growing with access to shallower groundwater. Catchment managers should carefully weigh up the benefits of new water developments relative to potential losses of this ecologically and economically important species. As the final objective and synthesis this study aimed to evaluate if any of the studied species could be used as a bioindicator for tree health in relation to water availability. T. usneoides was previously observed to be less tolerant to drought conditions than F. albida and A. erioloba, while this study has shown F. albida to be structurally the most vulnerable. Hence no bioindicator could be indentified and it is concluded that the determination of drought tolerance and the identification of one or more bioindicator species for future monitoring is a complex matter that needs to include more structural studies and field documentation during drought. 3 Ultimately the use of indicator species and investigations into water sourcing as well as drought tolerance studies should inform catchment management and be included in future assessments of environmental water requirements (EWR) methods and river health. This study concludes that several of the methods applied in this study (shoot growth measurements, percentage canopy dieback, wood density, δ2H, δ18O and δ13C stable isotopes, xylem pressure potentials and xylem vessel diameters) are worth applying in in a EWR in conjunction with groundwater and flood (volume, duration and height) measurements. This will require a shift from a traditionally aquatic outlook to one that is more inclusive of terrestrial ecology. More interdisciplinary cooperation and lateral thinking between aquatic and terrestrial ecologists is crucial, so that the frequency, magnitude, predictability and duration of floods and associated groundwater recharge are assessed in terms of water needs of woody riparian species as well as the associated terrestrial fauna.
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Snyder, Keirith Ann. "Environmental and physiological controls on water source use by semi-arid riparian tree species." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279782.

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A general paradigm in semi-arid and arid systems is that woody plants with dimorphic root systems will exhibit preferential use of deeper soil water because it represents a more stable source of water than short duration pulses of shallow soil moisture derived from summer rainfall. However, whether this holds across all woody species and whether use of deeper soil water interacts with use of shallow soil water is not determined for many species in different ecosystems. Understanding the amount of water plants derive from groundwater and shallow soil water is critically important to accurate calculations of local and regional water balance. The focus of this research was to determine if dominant woody species in semi-arid riparian ecosystems used shallow soil water and how depth to groundwater and defoliation might affect root proliferation and water uptake. This research found that the functional grouping "phreatophytes" encompasses a variety of responses to environmental variation. Stable isotopic analyses determined that Prosopis velutina Woot. (Velvet mesquite) and Populus fremontii Wats. (Fremont cottonwood) used shallow soil water derived from summer rainfall, and the proportion of shallow soil water was higher at sites with greater depth to groundwater. In contrast Salix gooddingii Ball (Goodding willow) did not use shallow soil water at any location regardless of depth to groundwater. Field experiments using defoliation treatments, to limit carbon assimilation and reduce plant photosynthate pools, confirmed that Prosopis velutina exhibited flexible response in water uptake patterns in response to defoliation. Defoliation, which presumably reduced available photosynthate, increased the reliance of this species on shallow soil water; contrary to predictions that woody species should maintain extensive deep root systems to buffer themselves from seasonal drought. Greenhouse experiments with Populus fremontii and Prosopis velutina also indicated changes in belowground biomass of fine roots, which were associated with changes in water-source use for Populus fremontii, but not for Prosopis velutina. These results imply that in terms of predicting plant response to changes in future climates, or modeling fluxes of water from the soil to the atmosphere that are largely controlled by plant transpiration, intra- and interspecific variability will need to be considered.
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Blanchard, Ryan. "An investigation of riparian vegetation recovery following invasive alien tree clearing in the Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6235.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-134).
Riparian zones are dynamic, as a result of varying levels of disturbance from natural flooding regimes, and this makes them particularly susceptible habitats to invasion by alien plants. In South Africa, particularly the Fynbos Biome, closed-stand invasions by alien Acacia and Eucalyptus species have been able to develop within riparian areas. Their impacts on water resources and biodiversity have been countered by manual clearing in order to protect the valuable ecosystem services provided by intact riparian zones, as well as the biodiversity of indigenous communities. The Working for Water programme is tasked with the important role of controlling invasive alien plants with an assumption that indigenous vegetation will recover naturally. Current management objectives are to reduce above ground biomass of invasive alien plants by labour intensive means, after which indigenous vegetation is usually left to recover without further intervention. However, it is unclear to what extent natural recovery can be achieved. The main aims of this study were to ascertain the nature of riparian vegetation recovery, as well as determine which clearing treatment was most successful in promoting recovery. This was achieved by focusing on: 1) the recovery of species composition and biodiversity, 2) recovery of vegetation structure (assumed to be a surrogate for ecosystem function) and 3) whether a particular clearing treatment best promoted indigenous riparian vegetation recovery. Reference sites (control), as determined by Prins et aI., (2004), were compared to alien impacted sites in order to analyse variation among vegetation variables. Three initial clearing treatments were identified, namely: Fell Only (trees are felled and slash left on site), Fell & Remove (slash is removed from the riparian zone) and Fell & Bum (the slash is left for six months to a year before it is burnt).
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Denneler, Bernhard, Yves Bergeron, and Yves Bégin. "Flooding Effects On Tree-Ring Formations Of Riparian Eastern White-Cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.), Northwestern Quebec, Canada." Tree-Ring Society, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622612.

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Tree-ring formation of eastern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) at a boreal lake in northwestern Quebec, Canada, was monitored using manual band dendrometers to (i) retrace cambial activity phases, (ii) evaluate the effects of flooding on radial growth, and (iii) analyze the relationships with meteorological factors. The daily circumferential activity of four trees at each of two sites, a riparian and an upland site, was recorded during the growing season of 1996, a year with an extreme spring flood. First cambium cell divisions occurred near June 9, followed by a distinct and sustained upward trend in the stem basal area until mid-July that reflected the earlywood formation. The strongly synchronous circumferential activity at both sites suggests no adverse flooding effect on growth of the riparian trees, which is explained by the rapid retreat of the water just before growth initiation in early June. The following month until mid-August was characterized by strong short-term fluctuations caused by alternating drought and rain periods and a slight downward trend of the basal area for six of the eight banded white-cedars. The dendrometers of two trees, the closest to the lake, showed a slight upward trend probably reflecting latewood formation. Pearson correlation with meteorological data indicated that precipitation was positively related to the daily changes in basal area of all trees except during the period of earlywood formation, which probably resulted from the high soil moisture after spring snow-melting. Mean and minimum air humidity were positively related and maximum temperature negatively related to the daily variations in stem circumference during the whole monitoring period, emphasizing the importance of the internal water status on stem size.
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Sargeant, Christopher. "The application of highly resolved tree-ring isotopes for reconstructing the ecohydrological interactions within riparian forests." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16672.

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The research conducted within this thesis aims to advance our understanding of plant-water interactions, specifically the identification of the source(s) of water available for tree growth within riparian zones. Through highly resolved tree ring isotopic analyses, it is possible to deconvolve the δ18O signature of water utilised by a tree during the growing season and relate this to dynamic hydroclimatic processes. In doing so, this methodology allows for the reconstruction of the seasonal evolution of tree source water availability for the historical period. The utility of this method is initially demonstrated for the determination of the isotopic signature of water utilised by individuals of co-occuring riparian tree species over ten consecutive years. It is found that species-specific seasonal source water variability is indicative of tree rooting depth and the hydroclimatic partitioning of water to each of the floodplain hydrological reservoirs. The technique is then developed in to a methodological 'toolkit', comprised of tool groups representing differing levels of data availability. The aim is to enable continued progress in this research area, even under conditions of sub-optimal data availability, whilst also making the suite of methods accessible to other researchers and resource managers. Finally, the hydroclimatic expression of seasonal tree source water avaialbility is characterised across a climate gradient utilising over 800 δ18O cellulose measurements. The results show that the seasonal progression of tree water availability responds to near- and far-field hydroclimatic processes, but this is mediated by species' functional type and site lithology. Where near-field processes dominate water availability, there is a potential for increased vulnerability to localised drought conditions and species-specific competition for water resources. Retrodictions of seasonal water source use may prove useful in forest restoration and rehabilitation efforts, assessment of forest vulnerability to future hydroclimatic regimes and for improving agroforestry and sustainable water management practices.
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Irons, Andrea M. "Riparian forest dynamics along the Sacramento River, California| Constructing tree age models to illustrate successional patterns." Thesis, State University of New York Col. of Environmental Science & Forestry, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10245526.

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Though land conversion and flow alteration have heavily impacted the Sacramento River riparian ecosystem, restoration opportunities still exist in the hydrogeomorphically active Middle Reach. This study of riparian forest succession focused on six dominant riparian tree species to explore relative establishment timing and the potential impacts of altered flow regimes. We utilized tree inventory data and increment cores collected from riparian forest stands to establish a temporal chronosequence of floodplain surfaces and associated tree ages and colonization timing. Tree age calculations incorporated raw ring counts and sampling error simulations. Results were then used to construct species-specific, diameterage models and predict age distributions for all inventoried trees. Cottonwood’s colonization window was longer than expected (up to 95 years after floodplain creation), whereas box elder and walnuts established on floodplains <50 years old. This study lays the groundwork for future research into the health and development of the Middle Reach riparian forest.

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Trozzo, Katie Ellen. "Potential Adoption of Native Fruit and Nut Tree Riparian Buffers on Private Land in Western Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77000.

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Riparian corridors are often farmed or grazed because they are typically productive and offer a low cost water supply for livestock. These areas are also critical in terms of water quality, soil retention, and aquatic and terrestrial wildlife habitat. Conservation of riparian areas can be conflicting due to loss of productive land for other uses. Agroforestry riparian buffers planted with native fruit and nut trees could help integrate conservation and production in this valuable space by giving landowners the opportunity to provide beneficial environmental services, while enhancing their opportunities for revenue. In order to realize potential use of this type of system, it is important to understand how to communicate benefits and improve prediction of adoption. With this in mind, we conducted a mail survey of creek side owners within three Virginia subwatersheds to 1) create typologies of underlying groups of landowners in order to develop relevant communication strategies for native fruit and nut tree ripairan buffers and 2) test the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) singularly and with additional agroforestry concepts to predict intention to adopt native fruit and nut tree ripairan buffers. Three landowner types were identified within the larger population of creek owners and exhibit differences that merit tailored communication strategies. Both models predict a noteworthy amount of intention to plant native fruit and nut tree riparian buffers. However, when agroforestry measures were added they explained a notable portion of variance.
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Francis, Robert Aaron. "Riparian tree establishment and river island formation within the active zone of the River Tagliamento, Northeast Italy." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409027.

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Within the active zone of rivers, riparian vegetation dynamics are controlled by ecological and hydro geomorphological processes and their interactions. Within Europe, understanding of natural riparian tree establishment has been limited by a lack of unregulated, natural river systems. This thesis examines key biotic and abiotic factors influencing the establishment of three riparian tree species, Populus nigra, Salix elaeagnos and Alnus incana, that grow within the active zone of the River Tagliamento, a morphologically-intact alpine/mediterranean river in Northeast Italy. Field observation, field experimentation and greenhouse experiments indicate: (i) Interspecific and propagule form variations in survival and growth response to hydrogeomorphic conditions: P. nigra cuttings performed best in low free-draining sites with a small proportion of fine sediment but which were not subject to prolonged inundation, while seedlings preferred fine sediments and higher elevations. Salix elaeagnos cuttings performed best at lower elevations, with a preference for mixed sediments, and proved tolerant to drought and inundation. S. elaeagnos seedlings grew best at higher elevations and in coarse/mixed substrates. Alnus incana cuttings only grew in fine sediments under stable water levels in greenhouse experiments; mortality was total in field experiments. Deposited trees of an species survived better at lower elevations. (ii) Differences in growth rates according to propagule type: cuttings grew twice as fast as seedlings in the first year but not in the second, and whole deposited trees produced far higher levels of shoot growth and biomass. (iii) Timing of deposition in the growing season and size of propagule also significantly affected performance. These results suggest that species and propagule form directly influence the rate of vegetation establishment within the active zone of rivers and that plant physiology alongside hydrogeomorphology is critical to riparian vegetation dynamics. These results are explored in the context of the development of river islands, an endangered but ecologically important type of landform once common within natural, braided European rivers.
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Hickson, Benjamin. "Using Classification and Regression Tree and Valley Bottom Modeling Techniques to Identify Riparian Vegetation in Pinal County, Arizona." The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626257.

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The ecological value and functionality of riparian systems along ephemeral, intermittent, and perennial streams in the Southwest is well established. In Pinal County, Arizona the existing datasets available to environmental managers and governing bodies drastically underestimate the extent and presence of riparian zones. This study addresses the issue through the use of remote sensing land cover classification techniques. Landsat 8 data, topographic data, and high-resolution color infrared (CIR) imagery, and several derived vegetation indices are used to construct a classification and regression tree (CART) model. Using training data, the CART model is used for the identification and delineation of basic land cover classes across the County. Woody annual and perennial species are identified and associated to riparian zones using a valley bottom model (VBM) developed by the United States Department of Agriculture. The CART model (kappa value of 0.76) found that 929 square-miles of annual vegetation and 651 square-miles of perennial vegetation are present across Pinal County. Annual and perennial vegetation classifications are assessed for density using a 0.33 acre moving window. The density values for both classes are then used in conjunction to differentiate upland, xeroriparian, mesoriparian, and hydropriarian vegetation zones. Vegetation zones are clipped to regions where the VBM identifies valley bottom probability to be 62 percent or greater. The results generated provide a sufficiently comprehensive dataset that gives County managers and environmental professionals improved insight into the presence and distribution of important riparian habitats.
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Catterlin, Richard. "Composition of Canyon-Slope Woodlands in Zoar Valley, Western New York, as Associated with Slope Orientation and Elevation." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1290094544.

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Books on the topic "Riparian tree"

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Hairston-Strang, Anne. Riparian forest buffer design and maintenance. Annapolis, MD: Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources, Forest Service, 2005.

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Shepperd, Wayne D. Planting aspen to rehabilitate riparian areas: A pilot study. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2005.

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Llasat, Rafel Balada i. Els arbres de la ribera: Estudi-inventari del bosc de ribera actual a la riba dreta de l'Ebre, des de Xerta a la Mediterrània. Amposta: Ajuntament d'Amposta, 1985.

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Manoel Cláudio da Silva Júnior. +100 árvores do cerrado matas de galeria: Guia de campo. Brasília: Rede de Sementes do Cerrado, 2009.

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Heinze, Donald H. Montana willows. Billings, Mont: Bureau of Land Management, Montana State Office, 1994.

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Bragg, Don C. Modeling large woody debris recruitment for small streams of the central Rocky Mountains. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2000.

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Bragg, Don C. Modeling large woody debris recruitment for small streams of the central Rocky Mountains. Fort Collins, CO: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2000.

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Centre, Pacific Forestry. The Bowron River Watershed: A landscape level assessment of post-beetle change in stream riparian function. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Riparian tree"

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Kubo, Masako, Hitoshi Sakio, Motohiro Kawanishi, and Motoki Higa. "Acer Tree Species." In Long-Term Ecosystem Changes in Riparian Forests, 83–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3009-8_5.

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Sakio, Hitoshi, and Masako Kubo. "Coexistence of Tree Canopy Species." In Long-Term Ecosystem Changes in Riparian Forests, 121–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3009-8_7.

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Van De Wiel, Marco J., and Stephen E. Darby. "Numerical modeling of bed topography and bank erosion along tree-lined meandering rivers." In Riparian Vegetation and Fluvial Geomorphology, 267–82. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/008wsa19.

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Felsot, Allan S., Steve L. Foss, and Jianbo Yu. "Deposition of Pesticides in Riparian Buffer Zones Following Aerial Applications to Christmas Tree Plantations." In ACS Symposium Series, 241–60. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0853.ch014.

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Nakamura, Futoshi, and Nozomi Shin. "The downstream effects of dams on the regeneration of riparian tree species in northern Japan." In Geomorphic Processes and Riverine Habitat, 173–81. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ws004p0173.

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Scheer, Clemens, Alexander Tupitsa, Evgeniy Botman, John P. A. Lamers, Martin Worbes, Reiner Wassmann, Christopher Martius, and Paul L. G. Vlek. "Abundance of Natural Riparian Forests and Tree Plantations in the Amudarya Delta of Uzbekistan and Their Impact on Emissions of Soil-Borne Greenhouse Gases." In Cotton, Water, Salts and Soums, 249–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1963-7_16.

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Rutherfurd, Ian D., and James R. Grove. "The Influence of trees on stream bank erosion: Evidence from root-plate abutments." In Riparian Vegetation and Fluvial Geomorphology, 141–52. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/008wsa11.

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Aremu, Omolara, Olusola O. Adetoro, and Olusegun Awotoye. "Assessment of Diversity, Growth Characteristics and Aboveground Biomass of Tree Species in Selected Urban Green Areas of Osogbo, Osun State." In Sustainable Development. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104982.

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This study assessed the abundance and diversity of trees, estimated the growth characteristics and determined the aboveground biomass of the trees within three selected green areas, namely Riparian Corridor was abbreviated as Riparian corridor (RC), Industrial sites (IS), and Residential sites (RS) in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria. Species Diversity Index, Relative Dominance, and Importance Value Index of trees were also estimated. Trees\' diversity and ranking were determined using the R statistical package. A total number of 124 tree stems were enumerated and (RC), (IS), and (RS) had 49, 38, and 37 tree stems belonging to 27, 18 and 20 species respectively. Albizia zygia (Mimosaceae) was the most abundant species in both RC and IS, while Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) was the most abundant in the RS. Growth variables were recorded as 1.18 m2, 5.01 m2, and 11.06 m2 (basal area), and 13.49 m3, 64.03 m3 and 122.39 m3 (volume) for RC, IS, and RS, respectively. The highest mean aboveground biomass was recorded in the RS (28325.20±7639.57 Kg C ha−1). There was no significant difference (P≥ 0.01) between the aboveground biomass of RC and IS but a significant difference (P≥ 0.01) existed between the aboveground biomass of RC and RS. There is a continuous transition of the urban forest.
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Beresford-Jones, David. "The Huarango in the Desert Riparian and Agricultural Ecosystem." In The Lost Woodlands of Ancient Nasca. British Academy, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264768.003.0008.

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This chapter considers the subtler role of Prosopis in underpinning a fragile desert ecology. It is perhaps difficult to exaggerate the dominance of this genus within its desert environments, especially on the coast of Peru, where rather few tree species occur naturally. It is shown that no other desert tree has as pervasive an influence upon the soil's physical, chemical, biological, and moisture properties; the sub-canopy microclimate; the neighbouring vegetation; and the wildlife and insect populations. The huarango integrates diverse parts of the desert ecosystem. In modifying the environmental extremes characteristic of deserts, especially one as arid as the Peruvian south coast, Prosopis makes what would otherwise be inhospitable lands habitable for other species, including humankind. In other words, if we are to lay bare the ecological consequences of deforestation on the south coast, we need to understand why, here, the huarango is what ecologists term a ‘keystone species’.
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Nakamura, Futoshi, and Satomi Inahara Nakamura. "Fluvial geomorphic disturbances and life-history traits of riparian tree species." In Plant Disturbance Ecology, 291–319. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818813-2.00008-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Riparian tree"

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Doody, T., and I. Overton. "Environmental management of riparian tree health in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia." In RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rm090181.

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Kagiya, Shinnosuke. "Genetic variation in the riparian foundation tree predicts arthropod community structure in wild." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113201.

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Ba, Antoine, Marianne Laslier, Laurence Hubert-Moy, and Simon Dufour. "Comparison of leaf-on and leaf-off ALS data for mapping riparian tree species." In Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology, edited by Christopher M. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2278424.

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"Bank Stability and Toe Erosion (BSTEM) Modeling of Bank Retreat and Riparian Tree Root Protection in Composite Streambanks." In 2014 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20141895637.

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Ónodi, Gábor. "Four study years on the nest site use of the Great Spotted Woodpecker - the role of two invasive tree species in riparian forests." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107265.

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de Jong, Kristen L., Patrick M. Blancher, and Matthew G. Scoular. "Environmental Permitting of British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission Regulated Pipelines: Lessons From the Trenches." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33506.

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There are many projects proposed to transport oil and gas resources to British Columbia’s (BC’s) west coast. BC has multiple major pipeline transmission systems (e.g., Trans Mountain pipeline, Spectra Energy and Pacific Northern Gas), and at least six major oil and gas pipelines are planned for construction over the next decade [1]. Large pipeline projects like these that span hundreds of kilometres can involve multiple jurisdictions (federal, provincial or joint) and require considerable regulatory planning. Once a pipeline project is approved through an environmental assessment (EA) process, it must still undergo rigorous environmental review as part of regulatory permitting. This paper provides an overview of oil and gas environmental regulatory processes in BC, with a focus on the role and process of the BC Oil and Gas Commission (BC OGC) as it pertains to environmental permitting requirements (i.e., legislation and regulation) for pipeline projects. Current regulatory application and review processes have been developed for small projects. This creates several unique considerations for major pipeline project applications. Among these is how best to coordinate the permit applications required for environmental management and protection of the diverse resource features of interest to BC regulatory agencies (e.g., culturally modified trees, riparian management areas, wildlife tree retention areas and old growth management areas). This paper also highlights the need for an integrated multidisciplinary approach and discusses lessons learned related to strategic planning of permit applications. We provide examples of how collaboration among the proponent’s teams and multiple consultant teams is necessary to develop effective regulatory strategies and obtain timely approvals.
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Järvelä, J., J. Aberle, and J. Jalonen. "Dynamic reconfiguration of riparian trees in towing tank experiments." In The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-339.

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Reports on the topic "Riparian tree"

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Guilfoyle, Michael, and Richard Fischer. Rapid assessment of invasive riparian trees for planning and implementing USACE ecosystem restoration projects. Environmental Laboratory (U.S.), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/25941.

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Perkins, Dustin. Invasive exotic plant monitoring at Colorado National Monument: 2019 field season. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286650.

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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The North-ern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. This report represents work completed at Colorado National Monument during 2019. During monitoring conducted June 12–19, a total of 20 IEP species were detected on monitoring routes and transects. Of these, 12 were priority species that accounted for 791 separate IEP patches. IEPs were most prevalent along riparian areas. Yellow sweetclover (Melilotis officinale) and yellow salsify (Tragopogon dubius) were the most commonly detected priority IEPs along monitoring routes, representing 73% of all priority patches. Patches of less than 40 m2 were typical of nearly all priority IEP species except yellow sweetclover. A patch management index (PMI) was created by combining patch size class and percent cover for each patch. In 2019, a large majority of priority IEP patches were assigned a PMI score of low (46%) or very low (50%), indicating small and/or sparse patches where control is generally still feasible. This is similar to the numbers for 2017, when 99% of patches scored low or very low in PMI. Seventy-eight percent of tree patches were classified as seedlings or saplings, which require less effort to control than mature trees. Cheatgrass (Anisantha tectorum) was the most common IEP recorded in transects, found in 30–77% of transects across the different routes. It was the only species found in transects on all monitoring routes. When treated and untreated extra areas near the West Entrance were compared, the treated area had comparable or higher lev-els of IEPs than the untreated area. When segments of monitoring routes conducted between 2003 and 2019 were compared, results were mixed, due to the different species monitored in different time periods. But in general, the number of IEPs per 100 meters is increasing or remaining constant over time. There were notable increases in IEP patches per 100 meters on several routes in 2019: field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) along East Glade Park Road; Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) in Red Canyon; yellow salsify along East Glade Park Road, No Thoroughfare Canyon, No Thoroughfare Trail, and Red Canyon; and yellow sweetclover in No Thoroughfare Canyon and Red Canyon. Network staff will return to re-sample monitoring routes in 2021.
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Weissinger, Rebecca, and Dana Witwicki. Riparian monitoring of wadeable streams at Courthouse Wash, Arches National Park: Summary report, 2010–2019. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287907.

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The goal of Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) riparian monitoring is to determine long-term trends in hydrologic, geomorphic, and vegetative properties of wadeable streams in the context of changes in other ecological drivers, stressors, and processes. This information is intended to provide early warning of resource degradation and determine natural variability of wadeable streams. This report summarizes NCPN monitoring of Courthouse Wash in Arches National Park (NP) from 2010 to 2019. The focus of this report is to (1) present geomorphology and vegetation data from five reaches monitored in Courthouse Wash from 2010 to 2015, and (2) examine patterns in water availability at one monitoring reach from November 2010 to December 2019. Vegetation sampling and geomorphology surveys were suspended in 2016 due to budget cuts; this report presents baseline data for future comparisons. The NCPN has five monitoring reaches located between the inflow of Sevenmile Canyon, a major tributary, and the terminus of Courthouse Wash, at the Colorado River. Two reaches (2, 5) are located in Upper Courthouse Wash, and three (1, 4, 7) in Lower Courthouse Wash. Hydrologic monitoring wells are installed only at Reach 1. During our monitoring period, which included drought years in 2012 and 2018 and a wetter-than-average period from fall 2013 to 2014, groundwater levels showed steep declines corresponding to the start of the growing season each year. Hot, dry summers and falls in 2012, 2018, and 2019 showed the deepest troughs in groundwater levels. Active monsoon years helped elevate summer and fall groundwater levels in 2013 and 2014. Continued monitoring will help us better understand the relationship of climate and water availability at this reach. A geomorphic survey was completed once for reaches 2, 4, and 7, and twice for reaches 5 and 1. Powerful floods during our monitoring period resulted in aggradation of the channel in reaches 5 and 1, which were first surveyed in March 2013. Flooding in September 2013 resulted in an average of 0.24 meters of deposition found in the channel thalweg at Reach 1 in March 2014. Storm events in May 2014 caused additional aggradation. In March 2015, an average of 0.41 meters of deposition was recorded in the channel thalweg at Reach 5, with 0.32 meters of deposition between the vegetation transect headpins compared to the 2013 data. The riparian vegetation recorded at our monitoring reaches is consistent with an open-canopy Fremont cottonwood woodland with a diverse understory. Canopy closure ranged from 29% to 52%. Measurements were sensitive enough to detect a 10% reduction in canopy closure at Reach 5 during a pest infestation in June 2013. Canopy closure subsequently rebounded at the reach by 2015. Total obligate and facultative wetland cover ranged from 7% to 26%. Fremont cottonwood seedlings, saplings, and overstory trees were present at all reaches, indicating good potential for future regeneration of the canopy structure. These data can serve as a baseline for comparison with future monitoring efforts. One area of management concern is that exotic-plant frequency and cover were relatively high in all monitoring reaches. Exotic cover ranged from 2% to 30%. High exotic cover was related to years with high cover of annual brome grasses. High cover of exotic grasses is associated with increased wildfire risk in southwestern riparian systems, which are not well-adapted to fire. Managers should be prepared for this increased risk following wet winters that promote annual brome grass cover. Beaver activity was noted throughout bedrock-constrained reaches in Courthouse Wash. Beaver activity can reduce adjacent woody riparian vegetation cover, but it also contributes to maintaining a higher water table and persistent surface water. Climate change is likely to be an increasingly significant stressor in Courthouse Wash, as hotter, drier conditions decrease water levels and increase drought stress...
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