Journal articles on the topic 'Riparian rainforest'
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1
Law, Bradley S. "The diet of the common blossom bat (Syconycteris australis) in upland tropical rainforest and the importance of riparian areas." Wildlife Research 28, no. 6 (2001): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00058.
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The diet of the common blossom bat (Syconycteris australis) was investigated in upland rainforest on the Atherton Tablelands. Faeces or fur pollen samples from 62 S. australis and feeding observations on 5 captive and 10 radio-tagged bats were collected. Syconycteris australis fed on blossoms from at least 18 plant species found in rainforests (plus unidentified species of Loranthaceae), 2 species from non-rainforest communities and from flowers of the cultivated banana (Musa sp.) grown on farms. Rainforest plants included 13 species of trees, 1 shrub and 4 climbers. Myrtaceae was the most important family contributing to the diet of S. australis, particularly the genus Syzygium. The chiropterophilus flower syndrome was only partly useful as a predictor of the diet of S. australis in these forests. Fruit was also eaten, being most common in the diet from late summer to autumn (wet season). Twelve months of mist-netting in riparian and non-riparian rainforest found higher capture rates in riparian rainforest in spring and summer, but not during autumn or winter. It is suggested that the availability of food species (both blossom and fruit) is high in riparian rainforest during spring and summer when S. australis is most frequently caught in this habitat. Efforts to rehabilitate rainforest along degraded creeks should offer a significant conservation benefit to this small pollinator.
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Lawson, Tina, Miriam Goosem, and David Gillieson. "Rapid assessment of habitat quality in riparian rainforest vegetation." Pacific Conservation Biology 14, no. 1 (2008): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc080020.
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GIS and aerial photographic techniques were applied to assessing riparian vegetation quality in an agricultural landscape formerly covered in lowland rainforest. Canopy cover and width of woody riparian vegetation, both easily determined from remotely sensed data, were investigated as indicators of riparian quality. High correlations between field measurements of canopy cover and width of woody riparian vegetation with several other vegetation attributes indicative of vegetation quality (weed abundance, debris, human disturbance, native species richness) demonstrated that these two habitat attributes were suitable field vegetation quality surrogates. Desktop quality analysis combined GIS measurement of riparian width with aerial photographic analysis of canopy cover. Desktop quality equalled field quality in 78% of cases, with a further 13% showing errors due to clearing or thickening of vegetation after aerial photographs were taken. Bird communities in higher vegetation quality areas comprised mainly rainforest-dependent species, whereas poor quality areas mostly supported birds of open habitats. Bird community diversity and rainforest-dependent bird diversity increased significantly both with increasing levels of canopy cover and greater riparian width, but a combination of these factors explained more variance than each factor separately. Desktop riparian vegetation quality therefore proved a satisfactory indicator of habitat quality for birds in rainforest riparian zones. This quick and efficient desktop method of riparian habitat quality assessment can determine conservation values of rainforest riparian areas with minimal field validation, thereby allowing more effective targeting of appropriate management practices, identification of areas of conservation concern and prioritisation of revegetation and rehabilitation efforts.
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Sulasutri, Sulasutri, Ryan Moulana, and Hairul Basri. "Vegetasi Riparian dan Kesuburan Tanah di Sub DAS Senggapa Rainforest Lodge Kedah." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 990–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v6i4.18361.
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Abstrak. Kondisi zona riparian di sungai Senggapa Rainforest Lodge Kedah Kecamatan Blangjerango, Kabupaten Gayo Lues, Provinsi Aceh sebagian telah beralih fungsi menjadi lahan perkebunan. Alih fungsi lahan diduga berpengaruh terhadap kondisi zona riparian dan tingkat kesuburan tanah. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Februari hingga Juli 2021. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode garis berpetak, terdapat 20 plot contoh dari 10 transek yang diletakkan pada sisi kiri dan sisi kanan sungai. Jenis vegetasi riparian yang ditemukan di sub DAS Senggapa Rainforest Lodge Kedah yaitu sebanyak 533 individu dari 52 jenis dan 29 suku. Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) tertinggi vegetasi riparian berdasarkan tingkat pohon dimiliki oleh Lithocarpus sp. sebesar 35,59%, INP tertinggi vegetasi riparian tingkat tiang juga dimiliki oleh Lithocarpus sp. sebesar 34,26%, INP tertinggi vegetasi riparian tingkat pancang dimiliki oleh Aglaia argentea dan Magnolia montana masing-masing sebesar 13,69%, INP tertinggi vegetasi riparian tingkat semai dimiliki oleh Laportea sinuata sebesar 15,56%, dan INP tertinggi vegetasi riparian tumbuhan bawah dimiliki oleh Colocasia esculenta sebesar 42,28%. Indeks keanekaragaman tingkat pohon sebesar 3,21 tergolong tinggi, tiang sebesar 2,93 tergolong sedang, pancang sebesar 3,15 tergolong tinggi, semai sebesar 3,07 tergolong tinggi, dan tumbuhan bawah sebesar 2,19 tergolong sedang. Tingkat kesuburan tanah pada stasiun I dan stasiun II sama-sama tergolong rendah, hal ini disebabkan oleh salah satu parameter kimia tanah yang dianalisis diperoleh sangat rendah. Pada area hutan lebat dan kawasan perkebunan memiliki kandungan P2O5 tanah yang tergolong sangat rendah, sehingga mempengaruhi penilaian tingkat kesuburan tanah di sub DAS Senggapa rainforest Lodge Kedah.Abstract. The condition of the riparian zone in the Senggapa Rainforest Lodge Kedah river of Blangjerango Subdistrict, Gayo Lues Regency, Aceh Province has partially switched functions into plantation land. The transfer of function is thought to affects the condition of the riparian zone and the fertility rate of the soil. The study was conducted from February to July 2021. The method used in this study was the line-transect method with 20 sample plots of 10 transects placed on the left and right sides of the river. There were 533 individuals of riparian vegetation found in the Sub watershed Senggapa Rainforest Lodge Kedah consisting of 52 species and 29 families. The highest Importance Value Index (IVI) of riparian vegetation based on the tree level was found in Lithocarpus sp. at 35.59%. The highest IVI of riparian vegetation at the pole level was also found in Lithocarpus sp. at 34.26%. The highest IVI of riparian vegetation at the stake level were found in Aglaia argentea and Magnolia montana at13.69%. The highest IVI of riparian vegetation at the seedling level was found in Laportea sinuata at 15.56%, and the highest IVI of riparian vegetation of the lower plants was found in Colocasia esculenta at 42.28%. The diversity index of riparian vegetation is 3.21 at the tree level which is classified as high, 2.93 at the pole level which is classified as moderate, 3.15 at the stake level which is classified as high, 3.07 at the seedling level which is classified as high, and 2.19 at lower plants level which is classified as moderate. The fertility rate of soil both at station I and station II is relatively low. This is due to one of the chemical parameters of the analyzed soil was obtained very low. In areas of dense forest and plantation areas, the P2O5 soil content is classified as very low, thus affecting the assessment of soil fertility level in sub watershed Senggapa rainforest Lodge Kedah.
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Rodríguez-Mendoza, Clara, and Eduardo Pineda. "Importance of riparian remnants for frog species diversity in a highly fragmented rainforest." Biology Letters 6, no. 6 (June 16, 2010): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0334.
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Tropical forests undergo continuous transformation to other land uses, resulting in landscapes typified by forest fragments surrounded by anthropogenic habitats. Small forest fragments, specifically strip-shaped remnants flanking streams (referred to as riparian remnants), can be particularly important for the maintenance and conservation of biodiversity within highly fragmented forests. We compared frog species diversity between riparian remnants, other forest fragments and cattle pastures in a tropical landscape in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. We found similar species richness in the three habitats studied and a similar assemblage structure between riparian remnants and forest fragments, although species composition differed by 50 per cent. Frog abundance was halved in riparian remnants compared with forest fragments, but was twice that found in pastures. Our results suggest that riparian remnants play an important role in maintaining a portion of frog species diversity in a highly fragmented forest, particularly during environmentally stressful (hot and dry) periods. In this regard, however, the role of riparian remnants is complementary, rather than substitutive, with respect to the function of other forest fragments within the fragmented forest.
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Melick, DR, and DH Ashton. "The Effects of Natural Disturbances on Warm Temperate Rain-Forests in South-Eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 39, no. 1 (1991): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9910001.
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The effects of fire, flood and landslide disturbance on the floristics and structure of some warm temperate rainforests in East Gippsland were investigated from 1983 to 1989. Subcommunities within these forests were delineated by the numerical analyses of floristic data. In moister sites, relatively undisturbed rainforest is dominated by Acmena smithii in association with Acronychia oblongifolia and Rapanea howittiana together with numerous vines and ferns. The size-class distributions of the major tree species indicate that these forests are regenerating. In riparian habitats, Tristaniopsis laurina tends to dominate due to its greater flood resistance whereas Pittosporum undulatum becomes prominent in edaphically drier sites. Within burnt rainforest A. smithii and T. laurina have regenerated vegetatively but P. undulatum has been eliminated. In adjacent wet sclerophyll forest subsequent invasion by rainforest seedlings has occurred. In gorges, landslides may cause disturbance to various degrees and subsequent colonisation is dependent upon both the site and the matrix of the material transposed. The status of the various subcommunities is discussed in terms of the environmental gradients present, the modes of regeneration and the types of primary and secondary successions initiated by the disturbances.
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Keir, Anita F., Richard G. Pearson, and Robert A. Congdon. "Determinants of bird assemblage composition in riparian vegetation on sugarcane farms in the Queensland Wet Tropics." Pacific Conservation Biology 21, no. 1 (2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc14904.
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Remnant habitat patches in agricultural landscapes can contribute substantially to wildlife conservation. Understanding the main habitat variables that influence wildlife is important if these remnants are to be appropriately managed. We investigated relationships between the bird assemblages and characteristics of remnant riparian forest at 27 sites among sugarcane fields in the Queensland Wet Tropics bioregion. Sites within the remnant riparian zone had distinctly different bird assemblages from those of the forest, but provided habitat for many forest and generalist species. Width of the riparian vegetation and distance from source forest were the most important factors in explaining the bird assemblages in these remnant ribbons of vegetation. Gradual changes in assemblage composition occurred with increasing distance from source forest, with species of rainforest and dense vegetation being replaced by species of more open habitats, although increasing distance was confounded by decreasing riparian width. Species richness increased with width of the riparian zone, with high richness at the wide sites due to a mixture of open-habitat species typical of narrower sites and rainforest species typical of sites within intact forest, as a result of the greater similarity in vegetation characteristics between wide sites and the forest proper. The results demonstrate the habitat value for birds of remnant riparian vegetation in an agricultural landscape, supporting edge and open vegetation species with even narrow widths, but requiring substantial width (>90 m) to support specialists of the closed forest, the dominant original vegetation of the area.
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Trouvé, Raphael, Ruizhu Jiang, Melissa Fedrigo, Matt D. White, Sabine Kasel, Patrick J. Baker, and Craig R. Nitschke. "Combining Environmental, Multispectral, and LiDAR Data Improves Forest Type Classification: A Case Study on Mapping Cool Temperate Rainforests and Mixed Forests." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010060.
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Predictive vegetation mapping is an essential tool for managing and conserving high conservation-value forests. Cool temperate rainforests (Rainforest) and cool temperate mixed forests (Mixed Forest, i.e., rainforest spp. overtopped by large remnant Eucalyptus trees) are threatened forest types in the Central Highlands of Victoria. Logging of these forest types is prohibited; however, the surrounding native Eucalyptus forests can be logged in some areas of the landscape. This requires accurate mapping and delineation of these vegetation types. In this study, we combine niche modelling, multispectral imagery, and LiDAR data to improve predictive vegetation mapping of these two threatened ecosystems in southeast Australia. We used a dataset of 1586 plots partitioned into four distinct forest types that occur in close proximity in the Central Highlands: Eucalyptus, Tree fern, Mixed Forest, and Rainforest. We calibrated our model on a training dataset and validated it on a spatially distinct testing dataset. To avoid overfitting, we used Bayesian regularized multinomial regression to relate predictors to our four forest types. We found that multispectral predictors were able to distinguish Rainforest from Eucalyptus forests due to differences in their spectral signatures. LiDAR-derived predictors were effective at discriminating Mixed Forest from Rainforest based on forest structure, particularly LiDAR predictors based on existing domain knowledge of the system. For example, the best predictor of Mixed Forest was the presence of Rainforest-type understorey overtopped by large Eucalyptus crowns, which is effectively aligned with the regulatory definition of Mixed Forest. Environmental predictors improved model performance marginally, but helped discriminate riparian forests from Rainforest. However, the best model for classifying forest types was the model that included all three classes of predictors (i.e., spectral, structural, and environmental). Using multiple data sources with differing strengths improved classification accuracy and successfully predicted the identity of 88% of the plots. Our study demonstrated that multi-source methods are important for capturing different properties of the data that discriminate ecosystems. In addition, the multi-source approach facilitated adding custom metrics based on domain knowledge which in turn improved the mapping of high conservation-value forest.
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Novelli, Iara Alves, Priscila Da Silva Lucasa, and Rodrigo Costa Santos. "Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Heterodactylus imbricatus Spix, 1825: Filling gaps in the state of Minas Gerais." Check List 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 030. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.1.30.
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Heterodactylus imbricatus occurs in southeastern of Brazil in areas of high altitude Atlantic rainforest. We collect one adult female and one adult male of this species in Reserva Biológica Unilavras - Boqueirão, in municipality of Ingaí (MG). The habitat encompasses riparian forest associated with Cerrado biome.
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McKergow, Lucy A., Ian P. Prosser, Rodger B. Grayson, and Dale Heiner. "Performance of grass and rainforest riparian buffers in the wet tropics, Far North Queensland. 1. Riparian hydrology." Soil Research 42, no. 4 (2004): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02155.
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The long and intense storms of the wet tropics present extreme conditions for testing the effectiveness of riparian buffers. This study presents results of a hydrometric investigation of 4 riparian buffers on 2 commercial banana plantations in Far North Queensland, Australia. It investigates runoff generation and riparian hydrology on hillslopes with differing slopes, contributing areas, and topographic convergence. Both grass and rainforest buffers were examined. Surface and subsurface hydrology were measured for 4 wet seasons (December–April) using paired flumes, piezometers, and tensiometers. All buffers experienced large volumes of surface runoff, with peak discharges ranging from 30 L/s on planar hillslopes to 350 L/s on a highly convergent site. Event runoff : rainfall ratios ranged between 0.01 and 0.65. Grass buffers with smaller contributing areas (<0.3 ha) were able to dissipate the energy of surface runoff under all conditions. In a larger (5 ha), highly convergent hillslope, surface runoff became channelised upslope of the buffer and the vetiver hedges and grass were not able to prevent scouring of a channel through the buffer, reducing its performance. Infiltration occurred in all buffers during small events, and at the convergent buffer during large events, most likely due to the presence of deep soil fill. In contrast, exfiltration occurred in the grass buffers on planar and moderately converging slopes during large events. There, the riparian soil approached saturation and return flow and seepage were measured. Under exfiltration, soil strength may be decreased and riparian buffers are needed to decrease erosion hazard. Localised saturation was observed in the rainforest buffer beneath a planar hillslope during large events, where soils were deeper and dried out more quickly than in the adjacent grass buffer. This study documents the high runoff volumes and peak discharges on cropped slopes in the wet tropics, and evaluates riparian hydrological processes. Infiltration is unlikely to be an important buffer function in this environment, but an additional role of buffers is to reduce the erosion hazard presented by exfiltration.
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Crome, Francis, Jodi Isaacs, and Les Moore. "The utility to birds and mammals of remnant riparian vegetation and associated windbreaks in the tropical Queensland uplands." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 4 (1994): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940328.
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Birds and mammals were censused in a ribbon of remnant vegetation along a stream connecting two rainforest fragments on a farm on the Atherton Tablelands of North Queensland. The vegetation consisted of two larger (6.5 and 19.6 ha) and one smaller forest remnant (1.1 ha) and numerous tiny disconnected patches scattered across the property and along the creek. These were classified into five types ? "Forest", "Regeneration", "Copse", "Lantana" and "Tobacco Bush". Censuses were also done in four windbreak plantings. Sixty-four species of birds were recorded in systematic censuses in the patches along the creek and in the windbreaks. Along the creek, "Forest" patches had the most species and the most rainforest species followed by "Copse" and "Regeneration" sites. "Lantana" patches were surprisingly rich in species; a total of 32 were recorded including nine rainforest species. The fewest bird species were recorded in the windbreaks which were particularly poor in rainforest species. Small mammals were live trapped in the three larger patches, in the ribbon and in one windbreak. Eleven species were captured ? six rainforest, three grassland and two introduced. The grassland species were not caught in the larger forest patches and two rainforest rodents were not caught along the creek. Nothing was caught in the windbreak but grassland species were caught in an adjoining abandoned orchard. Three species of arboreal mammals were recorded by spotlighting ? Lumholtz' Tree-kangaroo Dendrolagus lumholtzi, Coppery Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula johnstonii and Green Ringtail Possum Pseudocheirus archeri. All occurred in the stream vegetation as well as the larger forest patches. None were seen in any of the four windbreaks. It is concluded that the creek vegetation is valuable wildlife habitat. The windbreaks were less so but were still useful to the fauna on the study area.
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J. Richards, Stephen, Keith R. McDonald, and Ross A. Alford. "Declines in populations of Australia's endemic tropical rainforest frogs." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 1 (1994): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc930066.
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Comparisons of present and past occurrences suggest that populations of six frog species endemic to the tropical rainforests of northern Queensland have declined during the past ten years. Most declines have occurred at high altitudes in the southern portions of the tropical rainforest. An extensive survey conducted during the summer of 1991-1992 did not locate any individuals of two upland species, Litoria nyakalensis and Taudactylus rheophilus. Another upland species, T. acutirostris, which formerly was widely distributed, appears to have declined in rainforests south of the Daintree River. Three species (Litoria nannotis, L. rheocola and Nyctimystes dayi) were absent from most upland sites south of the Daintree River, but were common at lowland sites and at all sites north of the Daintree River. Aspects of water chemistry, including inorganic ions, heavy metals, and pesticide residues, were analysed for many sites. These analyses failed to identify any abnormalities that might have contributed to frog declines. Declines appear to be unrelated to the history of forestry or mining at sites, or to low rainfall in wet seasons. Levels of habitat disturbance by feral pigs appear to have increased at some sites in recent years and, either by this disturbance or through direct predation, feral pigs may have contributed to declines in some populations. However, pigs are unlikely to be the sole cause of frog population declines. Once declines have occurred, fragmentation of rainforest habitats may prevent recolonization from adjacent sites. Until causal agents associated with declines can be identified, management strategies to ensure the long-term survival of these species must involve protection of the riparian habitats in which they occur.
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Ahongshangbam, Joyson, Alexander Röll, Florian Ellsäßer, Hendrayanto, and Dirk Hölscher. "Airborne Tree Crown Detection for Predicting Spatial Heterogeneity of Canopy Transpiration in a Tropical Rainforest." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4 (February 16, 2020): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040651.
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Tropical rainforests comprise complex 3D structures and encompass heterogeneous site conditions; their transpiration contributes to climate regulation. The objectives of our study were to test the relationship between tree water use and crown metrics and to predict spatial variability of canopy transpiration across sites. In a lowland rainforest of Sumatra, we measured tree water use with sap flux techniques and simultaneously assessed crown metrics with drone-based photogrammetry. We observed a close linear relationship between individual tree water use and crown surface area (R2 = 0.76, n = 42 trees). Uncertainties in predicting stand-level canopy transpiration were much lower using tree crown metrics than the more conventionally used stem diameter. 3D canopy segmentation analyses in combination with the tree crown–water use relationship predict substantial spatial heterogeneity in canopy transpiration. Among our eight study plots, there was a more than two-fold difference, with lower transpiration at riparian than at upland sites. In conclusion, we regard drone-based canopy segmentation and crown metrics to be very useful tools for the scaling of transpiration from tree- to stand-level. Our results indicate substantial spatial variation in crown packing and thus canopy transpiration of tropical rainforests.
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Law, Bradley S., and Mark Chidel. "Roosting and foraging ecology of the golden-tipped bat (Kerivoula papuensis) on the south coast of New South Wales." Wildlife Research 31, no. 1 (2004): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03001.
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The roosting and foraging ecology of the golden-tipped bat (Kerivoula papuensis) was studied by radio-tracking on the south coast of New South Wales. Despite a previous scarcity of records, 16 bats were harp-trapped during spring and summer, of which 11 were radio-tracked. Roost types (n = 33 roosts over 48 roost days) were the suspended nests of yellow-throated scrubwrens (Sericornis citreogularis) (50%), nests of brown gerygone (Gerygone mouki) (27%), beneath hanging moss on tree trunks (21%) and in foliage (2%). All roosts were located in rainforest and close to creek lines (mean = 6 m). Yellow-throated scrubwren nests were more common in rainforest on small, first- and second-order streams (4.6 nests km–1 – 5.2 km searched) than on larger, third-order streams (1.1 nests km–1 – 2.7 km searched). Colonies were small (<10 bats) and usually comprised a mix of sexes. Maternity roosts in summer were located in both yellow-throated scrubwren nests (n = 8) and brown gerygone nests (n = 3). Foraging bats were recorded flying a maximum of 2.1 km and were regularly recorded (43% of monitored time) on upper slopes away from rainforest. Plots (5 × 5 m) were used to compare prey densities (small web-building spiders) between rainforest and sclerophyll forest and different topographies (creeks, riparian vegetation and upper slopes). Although spider numbers were patchy, upper-slope sclerophyll forest supported the greatest number of spiders, the number being significantly greater in upper-sclerophyll forest than in sclerophyll creeks and rainforest on upper slopes. A forward step-wise multiple regression showed that spider numbers per plot were positively related to the density of understorey stems. Management implications from this research are that riparian rainforest provides the key roosting habitat for K. papuensis. Recent management prescriptions in New South Wales' forests available for logging have correctly targeted the protection of this environment. However, the extent of foraging in sclerophyll forest on upper slopes was previously unknown. Attention needs to be given to management actions that maintain a mosaic of dense patches of understorey on upper slopes, where the numbers of web-building spiders are high. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness of using buffered protection zones within logged areas for K. papuensis.
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Imasuen, A. A., O. O. Ojo, O. O. Adesina, E. E. Enabuele, and M. S. O. Aisien. "Parasitic endohelminths of tree frogs from two rainforest habitats in Edo State, Nigeria." Zoologist (The) 17 (March 12, 2020): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tzool.v17i1.3.
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Tree frogs are generally regarded as arboreal frogs and those associated with water during their breeding season as aquatic/arboreal frogs. Obazuwa Wetlands and Ikpako Riparian Habitat are both located in Ovia North East and Ovia South West Local Government Areas of Edo State, Nigeria. Frogs were captured from both habitats based on Acoustic Encounter Survey (AES) and the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) techniques. A total of 169 tree frogs were examined; 103 from Obazuwa Wetlands and 66 from Ikpako Riparian Habitat. The specimens from both sites comprised 08 species. Helminth parasites belonging to four taxa were recovered, which included: Cestoda, Trematoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala. A prevalence of 39.8% and 30.5% were recorded for Obazuwa Wetlands and Ikpako Habitat, respectively. The helminth parasites were restricted to one of both habitats except for Foleyellides sp., which was common to both sites. Some of the helminth parasites were reported for the first time in some of the hosts such as Baerietta jaegerskioeldi (in Afrixalus nigeriensis and Leptopelis spiritusnoctis), Amplicaecum africanum (in Hyperolius guttulatus, Aplectana macintoshii (in L. spiritusnoctis), Cosmocerca commutata (in A. dorsalis and L. spiritusnoctis) and Physaloptera sp. (in Hyperolius concolor Phase B and H. concolor Phase C). The occurrence of Foleyellides sp. in 6 species of tree frogs with a prevalence range of 23.1-75.1% whereas only two species have been previously reported is exceptional and of pathological concern.
Keywords: Tree frogs; helminthes; wetlands; riparian habitats; Edo State; Nigeria
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Melick, DR. "Flood Resistance of Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii From Riparian Warm Temperate Rain-Forest in Victoria." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 4 (1990): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900371.
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The responses of seedlings of Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii, two important tree species in riparian warm temperate rainforest communities in Victoria, are investigated in relation to flood disturbances. Freshly germinated A. smithii seedlings had died within 5 weeks of complete waterlogging in the greenhouse, and although the young T. laurina seedlings survived waterlogging for 14 weeks, their growth rate was curtailed. Nine-month-old seedlings of both species were found to be relatively tolerant to waterlogging, forming aerenchymatous surface roots after 40 days of flooding. Neither species suffered leaf abscission or demonstrated any other signs of water stress commonly associated with flood intolerant species. In experiments to determine the resilience of these species to physical flood damage, both species also demonstrated a capacity to regenerate vegetatively following the removal of above ground parts in young seedlings. The heartwood of T. laurina was found to be more decay resistant than that of other species in the field including that of A. smithii. The significance of these results are discussed in relation to other factors examined in earlier papers adding to the understanding of the ecological status of these species within the riparian rainforest communities.
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Gageler, Rose, Mark Bonner, Gunnar Kirchhof, Mark Amos, Nicole Robinson, Susanne Schmidt, and Luke P. Shoo. "Early Response of Soil Properties and Function to Riparian Rainforest Restoration." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2014): e104198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104198.
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Copley, Claudia R., and Neville N. Winchester. "Effect of disturbance and distance from a riparian corridor on spiders in a temperate rainforest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 5 (May 2010): 904–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-043.
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In anthropogenically disturbed forested riparian ecosystems that contain vagile organisms, we expect dispersal to be a factor that determines patterns of diversity that differ from similar, but continuous, undisturbed habitats. We studied the effects of habitat alteration on community composition by characterizing the spider assemblage of a riparian corridor in an ancient forest and a regenerating coniferous forest in the Carmanah Valley, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Spiders were collected over a 15 month period using Malaise traps set along transects perpendicular to Carmanah Creek. We recorded 76 genera and 113 species representing 23 families. In both the regenerating coniferous forest and the ancient forest, a large proportion of the species were of the family Linyphiidae. Species abundance was similar in the two habitats but diversity was greater in the regenerating coniferous forest. The ancient forest was dominated by the web-building guild. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed no overall pattern in the species assemblages relative to the riparian corridor. Bray–Curtis similarity measure and principal components analysis results indicate that spider assemblages in the two habitats were significantly different in composition. These results suggest that habitat changes affect assemblages of spiders by altering dispersal, and these responses are evident a decade after disturbance.
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Udy, James White, and Stuart Edward Bunn. "Short Communication: Elevated δ15N values in aquatic plants from cleared catchments: why?" Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 3 (2001): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00002.
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δ15N values of plants and animals are being increasingly used to identify the flow of nitrogen through aquatic ecosystems. The δ15N values of crops, riparian trees, emergent and submerged aquatic vegetation in streams from both cleared (agricultural) and forested (rainforest) catchments were sampled. Riparian and aquatic plants had similar δ15N values in forested streams,suggesting a similar source of inorganic nitrogen.In cleared catchments, however, aquatic plants had δ15N values 4–8‰ higher than adjacent riparian vegetation and aquatic plants from streams in forested catchments. The elevated δ15N values of aquatic vegetation in streams with cleared catchments suggest that these plants either have access to a different source of N than those in undisturbed catchments or that high rates of microbial decomposition and nutrient cycling in the cleared catchments influence the δ15N value of available N. This also suggests that the aquatic plants in disturbed catchments are incorporating a different source of nitrogen than the adjacent riparian vegetation. This supports the proposal that in-stream processing of N affects the δ15N value of available N in streams with cleared catchments. These results begin to identify potential pathways for nitrogen transport to streams and the effect that internal cycling may have on a stream’s nitrogen load.
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Melick, DR. "Regenerative Succession of Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii in Riparian Warm Temperate Rain-Forest in Victoria, in Relation to Light and Nutrient Regimes." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 2 (1990): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900111.
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Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii often form a dominant association in riparian warm temperate rainforest communities in Victoria. The photosynthetic and morphological responses of seedlings of these species to varied light regimes, and the growth responses of seedlings in different nutrient regimes were examined in the laboratory. Acmena smithii was the most shade tolerant, having the lowest light compensation points, dark respiration rates and greater increases in leaf area ratio under low light conditions. Tristaniopsis laurina consistently demonstrated greater maximum rates of leaf photosynthesis at higher photon flux densities. In response to increased nutrients, T. laurina seedlings showed a marked increase in growth and a decrease in root/shoot ratios, while A. smithii demonstrated relatively small growth increases and showed an increase in root/shoot ratios. These results are discussed in relation to the ecological status of these species within the rainforest communities.
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McKergow, Lucy A., Ian P. Prosser, Rodger B. Grayson, and Dale Heiner. "Performance of grass and rainforest riparian buffers in the wet tropics, Far North Queensland. 2. Water quality." Soil Research 42, no. 4 (2004): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02156.
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Riparian lands have the potential to buffer streams from hillslope sediment and nutrient transport. Most research on buffers has been conducted under laboratory or manipulated field experimental conditions. Few quantitative data exist on buffer performance under natural field conditions. This study reports measured soil loss and evaluates the effectiveness of riparian buffers on planar and convergent slopes under field hydrological conditions in Far North Queensland. The conditions are extreme for testing the effectiveness of riparian buffers as the land is steep, intensely cropped and receives high intensity rainfall. Hillslopes cropped with bananas were monitored using paired flumes. Runoff, bedload, and suspended loads were measured leaving the crop (upper sites) and leaving the riparian buffers (lower sites). Highly variable hillslope soil losses of <1 to >70 t/ha per wet season were recorded. High rates of hillslope soil loss were from areas of steep gradient with little ground cover experiencing high rainfall intensity. On planar slopes, even with high soil loss, grass buffer strips were able to trap >80% of the incoming bedload. Total N (TN), total P (TP) and suspended sediment (SS) loads were reduced between 25 and 65% by the planar slope grass buffer and within the first 15 m of the moderately convergent grass buffer. Loads leaving the moderately convergent buffer were often higher than those delivered from the crop, due to seepage after prolonged or high frequency rainfall. Under these conditions the buffer's main function is to prevent erosion rather than trap sediment and nutrients. Results from a highly convergent 5-ha hillslope, suggest that for buffers to be more effective in such topography, they should also be placed at the end of the crop rows, where contributing areas are smaller. Flow was able to concentrate within the crop and on at least one occasion was able to scour a 30-cm-wide channel through the entire width of the buffer releasing previously trapped material and making the buffer ineffective. A remnant rainforest buffer, receiving runoff from a planar slope, acted as a temporary store of sediment and nutrients that were reworked during subsequent events. This study demonstrates both a need for managed buffer strips on sloping tropical cropped land and identifies limitations on their potential effectiveness.
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CASCAES, MAINARA F., VANILDE CITADINI-ZANETTE, and BIRGIT HARTER-MARQUES. "Reproductive phenology in a riparian rainforest in the south of Santa Catarina state, Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 85, no. 4 (2013): 1449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-37652013105112.
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Phenological studies assist in forest ecosystems comprehension and evaluation of resource availability for wildlife, as well as in improving the understanding of relationships between plants and their pollinators and dispersers. This study aims to describe the reproductive phenophases of riparian plant species and correlate them with climatic variables. The reproductive phenology was analyzed biweekly throughout one year, recording the absence or presence of flowers/fruits. The flowering phenophase occurred throughout the year, with an increase in number of species in blossom in October, November, and December. The flowering peak of the community was observed in November. The fruiting phenophase also occurred throughout the year and showed an increase of species fruiting in June with a slight decrease in August and September. The data obtained in this study, when compared with other studies in different Atlantic Rainforest areas, indicates a seasonal pattern for the flowering phenophase and a variation in fruit availability throughout the year as well as in the fruiting peaks. Therefore, studies that observe flowering and fruiting events in loco are of main importance because they provide information on reproductive seasons of species for use in environmental restoration projects and thus alleviate the situation of degradation of riparian forests.
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MARCZAK, LAURIE B., and JOHN S. RICHARDSON. "Spiders and subsidies: results from the riparian zone of a coastal temperate rainforest." Journal of Animal Ecology 76, no. 4 (July 2007): 687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01240.x.
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Melick, DR. "Relative Drought Resistance of Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii From Riparian Warm Temperate Rainforest in Victoria." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 4 (1990): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900361.
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The drought tolerances of the warm temperate rainforest species Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii were examined. Using pressure bomb techniques the tissue water relations of hardened juvenile and adult material were measured. T. laurina showed relatively little physiological drought tolerance in either the juvenile or adult plants, whereas A. smithii showed an increase in physiological drought tolerance in adult plants. Direct observations of droughted hardened 9-month-old seedlings revealed a relatively high leaf conductance in T. laurina seedlings with wilting becoming generalised after 9 days of droughting. All T. laurina plants rehydrated after 15 days of drought survived albeit with significant leaf abscission, but only 2 of the 5 plants rehydrated after 20 days of drought recovered and these were defoliated. Stomatal resistances were higher in droughted A. smithii seedlings and wilting did not become generalised until after 14 days of droughting. All A. smithii plants recovered when rehydrated after 20 days of droughting with little or no sign of leaf abscission. Leaves of T. laurina and A. smithii became scorched when subjected to temperatures of 50°C and 60°C respectively. The extent to which these differences delimit the distribution of these species in the relatively dry warm temperate rainforest communities of Gippsland in Victoria is discussed.
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Aya-Cuero, Carlos, Julio Chacón-Pacheco, and Teresa Cristina S. Anacleto. "Dasypus kappleri (Cingulata: Dasypodidae)." Mammalian Species 51, no. 977 (August 27, 2019): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sez009.
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Abstract Dasypus kappleri Krauss, 1862, commonly known as greater long-nosed armadillo, is the second largest extant armadillo and readily distinguishable by the prominent spurs on the hind legs. It is diurnal-nocturnal, solitary, and insectivorous. It is a semi-fossorial species ranging east of the Andes across the central lowlands of South America. It occupies a wide range of habitats including rainforest, riparian forest, and grassland. D. kappleri is listed as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in light of its wide distribution, which presumedly contains robust populations.
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SHIRLEY, SUSAN M. "HABITAT USE BY RIPARIAN AND UPLAND BIRDS IN OLD-GROWTH COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA RAINFOREST." Wilson Bulletin 117, no. 3 (September 2005): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/03-124.1.
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Fischer, Erich A., and Andrea C. Araujo. "Spatial organization of a bromeliad community in the Atlantic rainforest, south-eastern Brazil." Journal of Tropical Ecology 11, no. 4 (November 1995): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400009123.
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ABSTRACTThe habit, shade-tolerance and dispersal agent of 19 bromeliad species were studied in a rainforest community in order to relate specific traits to the spatial occurrence of the species. Highest density was found in riparian forest (RF), followed by restinga scrub (RE), rocky shore (RS) and dense canopy forest (DF). Terrestrial bromeliads occurred in open sites (RE and RS), epiphytes were absent in RS and facultative species occupied all four habitats. Bird-dispersed bromeliads occurred in the upper canopy, whereas those dispersed by mammals were low in the forest profile. Bromeliads which are dispersed by similar fauna fruit sequentially through the year. Differences in traits may allow the sharing of habitats and strata among species.
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LAWSON, TINA, DAVID GILLIESON, and MIRIAM GOOSEM. "Assessment of Riparian Rainforest Vegetation Change in Tropical North Queensland for Management and Restoration Purposes." Geographical Research 45, no. 4 (December 2007): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00477.x.
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McKenzie, N. L., R. D. Bullen, and L. A. Gibson. "Corrigendum to: Habitat associations of zoophagic bat ensembles in north-western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 6 (2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo19049_co.
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North-western Australia comprises the Kimberley Craton and parts of three adjacent sedimentary basins. It has a tropical climate and habitats that range from semiarid plains supporting grasslands to mesic uplands supporting woodlands as well as narrow riparian forests and patches of rainforest; mangrove forests occur along the coast. Its bat fauna comprises three obligate phytophages and 27 obligate zoophages. Analysis of zoophagic bats at 171 sites scattered throughout this study area revealed two compositionally distinct ensembles. One, comprising 19 species, occupies mangrove forest and includes three species known only to occupy mangroves in Western Australia. The other, comprising 20 species, occupies landward habitats and includes four species that are found only in landward ecosystems. Both ensembles are structured in terms of resource allocation, but nestedness observed in assemblage composition can be explained by environmental factors, implying the influence of environmental controls. Sixteen species belong to both ensembles, but seven of these require cave roosts and occur only near cavernous country while three others are confined to rocky riparian habitats. The richest assemblages were recorded in rugged cavernous landscapes in complex vegetation structures near permanent freshwater pools in the most mesic areas.
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Figueiredo, A. F., F. G. Augusto, L. D. Coletta, P. J. Duarte-Neto, E. A. Mazzi, and L. A. Martinelli. "Comparison of microbial processing of Brachiaria brizantha, a C4 invasive species and a rainforest species in tropical streams of the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 9 (2018): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17080.
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The breakdown of allochthonous organic matter is considered to be the main source of energy and nutrients for the majority of first-order streams. Thus, land-use change and riparian vegetation, such as deforestation and conversion of native forest to pasture lands, will lead to unwanted changes of the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems due to the disturbance of organic-matter supply. The C4 grasses, extensively used as forage in tropical regions, are poorly studied as important sources of allochthonous material because they are usually considered as a poor source of nutrients. Because the effects of land-use change on ecosystem functions are not fully known, we aimed to evaluate how such changes in riparian vegetation can affect nutrient cycling by means of measuring the decomposition rate of an abundant native C3 species and an exotic C4 grass species in first-order streams of the Atlantic Forest. Our results showed that C4 detritus decomposed faster than did C3 detritus, despite its lower nutrient concentration. This was likely to be due to the lower lignin concentration of the C4 species than the native C3 species. Lignin also influenced nutrient-loss dynamics of the C3 species, because it can interact with other cellular constituents and prevent the decomposition of most labile compounds. Our results supported the observation that the replacement of riparian vegetation alters breakdown rates and nutrient distributions, which may disrupt aquatic food webs.
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Rabearivony, Jeanneney, Lee D. Brady, Richard K. B. Jenkins, Richard A. Griffiths, Achille P. Raselimanana, Michel Bisoa, and Rasoamampionona N. Raminosoa. "Influence of riparian habitats on the distribution of rainforest chameleons in Parc National de Ranomafana, Madagascar." African Journal of Herpetology 64, no. 2 (July 3, 2015): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2015.1121930.
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SIEGLOCH, ANA EMILIA, MARCIA SURIANO, MARCIA SPIES, and ALAÍDE FONSECA-GESSNER. "Effect of land use on mayfly assemblages structure in Neotropical headwater streams." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 4 (December 2014): 1735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130516.
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The aim of this study was to test the effect of agricultural and forestry land use on the structure of mayfly assemblages in low-order streams. Twenty-nine headwater streams were investigated in the state of São Paulo. We analyzed 15 streams in pristine areas (mixed tropical rainforest, semideciduous forest and dense tropical rainforest), and 14 streams covered with sugarcane, eucalyptus and pasture. Mayfly richness obtained by rarefaction curves was higher in pristine areas (21 genera), especially in mixed and semideciduous forest when compared to land use (9 genera), where values were particularly low in sugarcane plantation (3 genera). The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination showed clear difference in mayfly assemblages between land uses and pristine areas, supported by analysis of similarity (R=0.67, p=0.001). In partial redundancy analysis (pRDA), the environmental descriptors that best explained differences in assemblage structure were Riparian, Channel and Environmental Inventory (RCE) index score, percentage of fine sediment stream substrate, water pH and land elevation. Our results show that agricultural and forestry land use has a strong negative effect on the structure of mayfly assemblages. These results also support the use of mayflies as environmental indicators, as some genera were sensitive to changes in land use, while others responded to naturally occurring changes in the study area.
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Asad, Sami, Shi Teng Ng, Julsun Sikui, and Mark-Oliver Rödel. "Variable detectability and El-Niño associations with riparian snakes in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo." Journal of Tropical Ecology 38, no. 1 (November 15, 2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467421000468.
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AbstractAlthough snake populations are suffering numerous local declines, determining the scale of these declines is problematic due to the elusive nature of snakes. Determining the factors associated with species detection is therefore essential for quantifying disturbance effects on populations. From 2017 to 2019, we assessed the detectability associations of five river-associated snake species and all snake detections in general within two logging concessions in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Data collected from both stream transects and visual encounter surveys at 47 stream sites were incorporated into an occupancy-modelling framework to determine the climatological, temporal and survey distance associations with species detection probability. Detection probability of riparian snake species was significantly associated with humidity, month (2 spp. each), survey distance and total rainfall over 60 days (1 spp. each). Pooled snake species detectability was significantly positively associated with transect distance and the 2019 El-Niño year, whilst yearly pooled snake species detections in stream transects spiked during El-Niño (2017 = 2.05, 2018 = 2.47, 2019 = 4.5 snakes per km). This study provides new insights into the detectability of riparian rainforest snakes and suggests that future studies should account for short-term (climatological and temporal) and long-term (El-Niño) factors associated with detection probability when surveying and assessing snake populations.
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Meneses, Heloisa do Nascimento de Moura, Marcelo Oliveira-da-Costa, Paulo Cesar Basta, Cristiano Gonçalves Morais, Romulo Jorge Batista Pereira, Suelen Maria Santos de Souza, and Sandra de Souza Hacon. "Mercury Contamination: A Growing Threat to Riverine and Urban Communities in the Brazilian Amazon." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 2816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052816.
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In recent decades, widespread and uncontrolled use of mercury (Hg) in artisanal small-scale gold mining has released thousands of tons of mercury-contaminated waste in the Amazon biome, endangering the largest tropical rainforest worldwide. In this study, we assessed and compared blood Hg levels in individuals living in urban and riverine areas in the lower Tapajós basin and examined the association between Hg exposure and specific biochemical parameters. In total, 462 adults from eight riverine communities and one urban area were assessed. Overall, 75.6% of the participants exhibited Hg concentrations exceeding the safe limit (10 µg/L). Hg exposure was higher in the riverine population (90%) than in urban areas (57.1%). Mean Hg levels were 21.8 ± 30.9 µg/L and 50.6 µg/L in urban and riverine residents, respectively. The mean Hg level was higher in those aged 41–60 years in both urban and riparian areas, with riparian residents exhibiting a mean double that of urban residents. The highest glucose and hepatic biomarker levels were detected in the urban area, whereas the highest levels of renal biomarker occurred in the riverine population. Our results indicate that Hg contamination remains a persistent challenge for the urban population of Santarém, a major city in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Osunkoya, Olusegun O., Karina Pyle, Tanya Scharaschkin, and Kunjithapatham Dhileepan. "What lies beneath? The pattern and abundance of the subterranean tuber bank of the invasive liana cat's claw creeper, Macfadyena unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 2 (2009): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt09033.
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Cat’s claw creeper, Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) Gentry (Bignoniaceae) is a major environmental weed of riparian areas, rainforest communities and remnant natural vegetation in coastal Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. In densely infested areas, it smothers standing vegetation, including large trees, and causes canopy collapse. Quantitative data on the ecology of this invasive vine are generally lacking. The present study examines the underground tuber traits of M. unguis-cati and explores their links with aboveground parameters at five infested sites spanning both riparian and inland vegetation. Tubers were abundant in terms of density (~1000 per m2), although small in size and low in level of interconnectivity. M. unguis-cati also exhibits multiple stems per plant. Of all traits screened, the link between stand (stem density) and tuber density was the most significant and yielded a promising bivariate relationship for the purposes of estimation, prediction and management of what lies beneath the soil surface of a given M. unguis-cati infestation site. The study also suggests that new recruitment is primarily from seeds, not from vegetative propagation as previously thought. The results highlight the need for future biological-control efforts to focus on introducing specialist seed- and pod-feeding insects to reduce seed-output.
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García, Liliana, John S. Richardson, and Isabel Pardo. "Leaf quality influences invertebrate colonization and drift in a temperate rainforest stream." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 10 (October 2012): 1663–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-090.
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Changes in riparian forest composition and diversity, such as plantations of exotic species, may alter resource quality, detritivore assemblages, and litter breakdown rates in streams. We hypothesized that different litter resources may influence colonization and drift of invertebrates inhabiting small, temperate rainforest streams in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Leaves of different quality and origin were incubated in stream-side channels to test this hypothesis. The sequence of leaf decomposition rates was as follows: alder > alder + cedar > cedar ≥ eucalyptus. Cedar litter decayed faster when mixed with alder than when alone. Invertebrates colonizing leaf bags were predominantly collector–gatherers and shredders, particularly on alder leaves. Drift density varied over the incubation period and seemed to be controlled by leaf quality, since there were more individuals drifting from channels with alder leaves than from channels with cedar or eucalyptus. However, we observed different species-specific invertebrate responses controlled by leaf traits, particularly by numerically dominant chironomid species. Indeed, invertebrate drift from channels incubated with alder bags was mostly due to pupation and emergence of orthoclad midges, whereas this was not observed in the other channels. This differential response in colonization and drift has the potential to modify the transfer rates of organic matter to higher trophic levels and thus ecosystem functioning.
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Raja, Priyanka, Hema Achyuthan, Anjum Farooqui, Rengaswamy Ramesh, Pankaj Kumar, and Sundeep Chopra. "Tropical Rainforest Dynamics and Palaeoclimate Implications since the late Pleistocene, Nilgiris, India." Quaternary Research 91, no. 1 (November 15, 2018): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.58.
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AbstractA multiproxy study involving sedimentology, palynology, radiocarbon dating, stable isotopes, and geochemistry was carried out on the Parsons Valley Lake deposit, Nilgiris, India, to determine palaeoclimatic fluctuations and their possible impact on vegetation since the late Pleistocene. The 72-cm-deep sediment core that was retrieved reveals five distinct palaeoclimatic phases: (1) Warm and humid conditions with a high lake stand before the last glacial maximum (LGM; ~29,800 cal yr BP), subsequently changing to a relatively cool and dry phase during the LGM. (2) Considerable dry conditions and lower precipitation occurred between ~16,300 and 9500 cal yr BP. During this period, the vegetation shrank and perhaps was confined to moister pockets or was a riparian forest cover. (3) An outbreak in the shift of monsoonal precipitation was witnessed in the beginning of the mid-Holocene, around 8400 cal yr BP, implying alteration in the shift toward warm and humid conditions, resulting in relatively high pollen abundance for evergreen taxa. (4) This phase exhibits a shift to heavier δ13C values around ~1850 cal yr BP, with an emergence of moist deciduous plants pointing to drier conditions. (5) Human activities contributed to the exceedingly high percentage ofAcaciaandPinuspollen during the Little Ice Age.
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Pequeno, Pedro Aurélio Costa Lima, Elizabeth Franklin, Roy A. Norton, and José W. de Morais. "A tropical arthropod unravels local and global environmental dependence of seasonal temperature–size response." Biology Letters 14, no. 5 (May 2018): 20180125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0125.
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In most ectotherms, adult body size decreases with warming, the so-called ‘temperature–size rule' (TSR). However, the extent to which the strength of the TSR varies naturally within species is little known, and the significance of this phenomenon for tropical biota has been largely neglected. Here, we show that the adult body mass of the soil mite Rostrozetes ovulum declined as maximum temperature increased over seasons in a central Amazonian rainforest. Further, per cent decline per °C was fourfold higher in riparian than in upland forests, possibly reflecting differences in oxygen and/or resource supply. Adding our results to a global dataset revealed that, across terrestrial arthropods, the seasonal TSR is generally stronger in hotter environments. Our study suggests that size thermal dependence varies predictably with the environment both locally and globally.
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Guarino, Fabio M., Angelica Crottini, Marcello Mezzasalma, Jasmin E. Randrianirina, and Franco Andreone. "A skeletochronological estimate of age and growth in a large riparian frog from Madagascar (Anura, Mantellidae, Mantidactylus)." Herpetozoa 32 (May 13, 2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e35576.
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We characterized the body size (as snout-vent length), age, sexual size dimorphism, and growth rate in a population of one of the larger riparian frog from Madagascar (Mantidactylusgrandidieri) from a rainforest patch close to Vevembe, SE Madagascar. We identified a significant female-biased sexual size dimorphism. Age was estimated using phalangeal skeletochronology and was significantly higher in females than in males. Modal age class turned out to be 4 years in both sexes but a large percentage of adult females (75%) fell in the 5–6 years-old classes, while no male exceeded 4 years. We here report M.grandidieri as a medium-long-lived anuran species. Von Bertalanffy’s model showed similar growth trajectories between the sexes although the growth coefficient in females (k = 0.335) was slightly but not significantly higher than in males (k = 0.329).
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Buma, Brian, John Krapek, and Rick T. Edwards. "Watershed-scale forest biomass distribution in a perhumid temperate rainforest as driven by topographic, soil, and disturbance variables." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 6 (June 2016): 844–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0041.
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Temperate rainforests are the most carbon dense forest ecosystem on the planet, with C stocks several times higher than most other forested biomes. While climatic and disturbance drivers of these C stocks are relatively well explored, the spatial distribution of those stocks at the scale of entire watersheds is less well known, particularly in perhumid rainforests where research has been minimal. This study explored biomass distributions across an entire watershed simultaneously, from ocean to glacial icefields, in Southeast Alaska. Utilizing LiDAR and ground surveys, biomass was modelled throughout the landscape and distributions are described statistically. The dominant driver of biomass distributions at this scale (controlling for elevation) was the flow of water through the landscape: areas of higher water accumulation typically had low biomass (often <10 Mg·ha–1), whereas well-drained areas supported biomass approaching 950 Mg·ha–1. This relationship was strong at all elevations; only riparian locations (typically well-drained soils) maintained high biomass at low slopes. Exposure to stand-replacing disturbances, often a dominant driver, was only a minor factor. This work emphasizes the importance of water in temperate rainforests and the potentially significant impacts of changes to biomass given changes in precipitation (both increasing and decreasing) due to global climate change.
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Yeung, Alex C. Y., Antoine Lecerf, and John S. Richardson. "Assessing the long-term ecological effects of riparian management practices on headwater streams in a coastal temperate rainforest." Forest Ecology and Management 384 (January 2017): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.044.
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SIMKIN, ROHAN, and PATRICK J. BAKER. "Disturbance history and stand dynamics in tall open forest and riparian rainforest in the Central Highlands of Victoria." Austral Ecology 33, no. 6 (September 2008): 747–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01843.x.
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Nelson, Michelle C., Morgan D. Hocking, Jennifer N. Harding, Joel M. S. Harding, and John D. Reynolds. "Quantifying the effects of stream habitat on populations of breeding Pacific salmon." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 10 (October 2015): 1469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0253.
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Recognizing the mechanisms by which environmental conditions drive population dynamics can greatly benefit conservation and management. For example, reductions in densities of spawning Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) have received considerable attention, but the role of habitat characteristics on population sizes of breeding salmon is not fully understood. We studied relationships between habitat characteristics and stream population densities of spawning chum (Oncorhynchus keta) and pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) salmon in 44 streams in the Great Bear Rainforest of coastal British Columbia, Canada, with individual streams as the unit of comparison. Our results indicate that a small number of habitat characteristics are important in predicting population density of spawning chum and pink salmon in streams, namely pH for chum salmon and riparian slope and large wood volume for pink salmon. This is the largest multivariable comparison to examine habitat–population relationships in adult spawning salmon and may provide useful quantitative emphasis in guiding management.
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Lynch, A. J. J., and J. Balmer. "The ecology, phytosociology and stand structure of an ancient endemic plant Lomatia tasmanica (Proteaceae) approaching extinction." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 5 (2004): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03023.
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Lomatia tasmanica W.M.Curtis is a nationally endangered shrub of the family Proteaceae. It is entirely restricted to one population extending over 1.2 km in south-western Tasmania. The species occupies a variety of riparian vegetation types ranging from sclerophyll scrub to implicate rainforest. The population is dominated by ramets originating after fire in 1934, although the species regenerates in a continuous manner by root suckering. The ramets or stems may reach ages > 300 years. The entire population may be composed of one genet and fruit production has never been observed. The extreme rarity of the species, its inability to reproduce sexually and its lack of genetic diversity suggest that L. tasmanica is heading inevitably towards extinction. One population appears to have disappeared since 1934. Threats such as too frequent firing and the root-rot fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi increase the likelihood of extinction of L. tasmanica in the short term to a very high level.
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Silva-Junior, E. F., M. Silva-Araújo, and T. P. Moulton. "Distribution and abundance of freshwater decapods in an Atlantic rainforest catchment with a dammed future." Brazilian Journal of Biology 77, no. 4 (March 13, 2017): 820–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.01916.
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Abstract Variations in physical characteristics along the course of a river influence habitat availability which reflects in species distribution. Knowledge of ecology and diversity of lotic species is important for evaluating how river ecosystems will respond to environmental impacts. Freshwater decapods are a group of high ecological and economic importance, but the knowledge about factors influencing their distribution is scarce in Brazil. We performed a survey of decapods to describe their abundance and distribution as well as to study their relationships with stream physical variables and especially their association with different substrates types. We studied 23 sites located in 15 tributaries of Guapiaçú River, RJ, where we collected decapods in different substrates types and measured a set of physical variables. We found five decapods species, including amphidromous and non-amphidromous shrimps and crabs. Decapods were strongly associated with leaf-litter substrates and their abundance was related to a multivariate axis describing longitudinal changes in stream characteristics. We concluded that decapods occurring in the Guapiaçú catchment inhabit mainly small streams with preserved riparian forests where they find shelter and potential prey of invertebrates. The ongoing project to build a dam on the Guapiaçú River will have negative consequences to migrating shrimps and we strongly recommend that mitigating actions, such the construction of structures to allow the passage of migrating fauna, should be taken.
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Jackson, Stephen M. "Habitat relationships of the mahogany glider, Petaurus gracilis, and the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps." Wildlife Research 27, no. 1 (2000): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98045.
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Trapping data of the mahogany glider, Petaurus gracilis, and the sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps, in sympatry, in north Queensland, were analysed with vegetation variables to determine the habitat relationships of these two species. The study area contained a trapping grid (80 traps) within an area of continuous forest and trapping transects within an adjacent area of fragmented forest (44 traps). The mahogany glider was trapped more often at 43 of the 124 locations (38 in the continuous and 5 in the fragmented forest), with the sugar glider dominant at 46 locations (18 in the continuous forest and 28 in the fragmented forest). The remaining 27 trap locations where gliders were caught did not favour either species. Eight trap locations within riparian rainforest had no captures of either species. The presence of mahogany gliders was significantly correlated with the presence of Corymbia clarksoniana, Eucalyptus platyphylla, the absence of Corymbia intermedia and Acacia mangium, and a small mid and upper canopy cover. In contrast, the presence of sugar gliders was most correlated with a large number of stems. When the presence of the mahogany glider was compared with that of the sugar glider with respect to various habitat variables for the entire study area, the mahogany glider was most associated with the presence of C. clarksoniana, Eucalyptus pellita, Lophostemon suaveolens, Melaleuca dealbata and a reduced lower and upper canopy. In contrast, the sugar glider was most associated with C. intermedia, A. mangium, a large number of potential food species, rainforest species and a dense mid and upper canopy cover.
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Hennings, Nina, Joscha N. Becker, Thomas Guillaume, Muhammad Damris, Michaela A. Dippold, and Yakov Kuzyakov. "Riparian wetland properties counter the effect of land-use change on soil carbon stocks after rainforest conversion to plantations." CATENA 196 (January 2021): 104941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104941.
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Drake, P. L., and P. J. Franks. "Water resource partitioning, stem xylem hydraulic properties, and plant water use strategies in a seasonally dry riparian tropical rainforest." Oecologia 137, no. 3 (November 1, 2003): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1352-y.
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Rose, P. "A conceptual model of the species composition of the original riparian rainforest of the Clarence River Floodplain, New South Wales." Cunninghamia 14 (May 27, 2014): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/cunninghamia.2014.14.008.
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Guimarães, Felipe Vieira, Luisa Maria Sarmento-Soares, Ronaldo Fernando Martins-Pinheiro, and Luiz Fernando Duboc. "ASSESSMENT OF STREAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION USING FISHBASED METRICS IN A PROTECTED AREA AND ITS DISTURBED BUFFER ZONE, NORTHEASTERN ATLANTIC RAINFOREST." Oecologia Australis 26, no. 03 (September 15, 2022): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2022.2603.05.
Full textAbstract:
The susceptibility of streams to anthropogenic interference raises the need for continuous assessment of their environmental condition. From early studies to recent approaches, metrics derived from fish assemblages have proven to be fundamental tools in evaluating the ecological condition of watercourses. We assessed the environmental degradation of streams inside and surrounding the Córrego Grande Biological Reserve, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, to develop and apply a biotic index for this region based on fish metrics. We performed samplings in 19 stream sites along 2012, 2018 and 2019, and collected 24 species belonging to five orders, 11 families, and 21 genera. The sites were classified as least-disturbed (N = 9, all within the protected area), intermediate (N = 8), and most-disturbed (N = 2). Ordination analyses distinctly separated the sites according to their disturbance classes, revealing that the percentage of native vegetation cover in 100 m buffers and type of riparian vegetation played an important role in the environmental quality of these sites. From the initial 38 metrics, three were able to distinguish between disturbance classes: percentage of Siluriformes and Characiformes species, percentage of nektonic species, and percentage of omnivorous individuals. Our results show that these metrics are significant factors to be considered in monitoring the environmental degradation of Atlantic Forest streams.
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Neldner, Victor J., Rodrick W. Rogers, and Paul I. Forster. "The lichen flora of tropical Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 66, no. 5 (2018): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17246.
Full textAbstract:
The first account of the lichen flora of the Cape York Peninsula bioregion is provided with 423 lichen taxa from 47 families and 127 genera recorded. The tropical savannas of Cape York Peninsula, which experience annual or biennial ground fires, are generally a harsh environment for lichen establishment and growth. The majority of eucalypts and Melaleuca viridiflora Sol. ex Gaertn. trees that dominate much of Cape York Peninsula vegetation regularly shed their bark and do not generally provide a suitable habitat for lichen establishment and persistence. However, even in these savanna habitats, some tree species provide suitable fire-safe substrates for lichens. The rainforest, riparian and coastal vegetation lichen flora is much more diverse, primarily because of the lack of fire but also because of more mesic conditions and persistent thin bark types. Most of the lichens (413 lichen species) survive on a number of bark types, while there are 51 species on rock substrates (10 exclusively on rocks). The diverse lichen flora is dominated by pantropical species, many of which are shared with New Guinea, Thailand and the Northern Territory. However, eleven lichen species are only known from Cape York Peninsula.