Journal articles: 'Riparian organic matter'

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Maridet, L., J. G. Wasson, M. Philippe, and C. Amoros. "Benthic organic matter dynamics in three streams: Riparian vegetation or bed morphology control?" Archiv für Hydrobiologie 132, no. 4 (March 10, 1995): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/132/1995/415.

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França, Juliana Silva, Rener Silva Gregório, Joana D'Arc de Paula, José Francisco Gonçalves Júnior, Fernando Alves Ferreira, and Marcos Callisto. "Composition and dynamics of allochthonous organic matter inputs and benthic stock in a Brazilian stream." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 10 (2009): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08247.

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Riparian vegetation provides the nutrient and energy input that maintains the metabolism and biodiversity in tropical headwater streams. In the present study, it was hypothesised that ~30% of riparian plant species contribute over 70% of coarse particulate organic matter and, because tropical plants are perennial and semi-deciduous, it was expected that leaf fall would occur year round. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the composition and structure of the plant riparian zone and the input and associated benthic stock of organic matter. The riparian vegetation was composed of 99 taxa. The most abundant plant species were Tapirira obtusa, Sclerolobium rugosum, Croton urucurana, Byrsonima sp. and Inga sp. The input and benthic stock showed a seasonal pattern, with higher values recorded at the end of the dry season and at the beginning of tropical storms. The biomass contributed monthly by the vegetation ranged from 28 ± 6 g m–2 to 38 ± 11 g m–2, and the mean monthly benthic standing stock was 138 ± 57 g m–2. The results illustrate the importance of riparian vegetation as an energy source to tropical streams and how individual plant species contribute to organic matter inputs in these ecosystems.

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Gonçalves Júnior, José Francisco, Juliana Silva França, and Marcos Callisto. "Dynamics of allochthonous organic matter in a tropical Brazilian headstream." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, no. 6 (November 2006): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000700014.

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The species composition of the riparian vegetation and the seasonal contribution of input and storage of fine and coarse particulate organic matter were assessed in a 3rd order stretch. Fourteen tree species in the riparian zone were identified, with 3 species contributing with 68% of total litter input: Miconia chartacea Triana (43%), Miconia cyathanthera Triana (16%) and Erythroxylum pelletarianum St. Hil (9%). The allochthonous input of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) was composed mainly by leaves (over 50%). Species composition and the contribution of each plant species biomass for vertical, lateral and soil inputs and benthic stocks varied along the study period. The maximum values found in September, November and December coincided with the beginning of the rainy season. There were no differences between the allochthonous vertical and lateral inputs of CPOM to the stream. Differently to other studies, this result was probably due to the peculiar composition of stream’s riparian vegetation at Serra do Cipó.

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Welsh, Molly K., Sara K. McMillan, and Philippe G. Vidon. "Impact of Riparian and Stream Restoration on Denitrification in Geomorphic Features of Agricultural Streams." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 5 (2020): 1157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13777.

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HighlightsDenitrification enzyme activity (DEA) was measured in stream sediments of restored and unrestored agricultural streams.Nitrate, sediment characteristics, riparian vegetation, and geomorphology influenced DEA.Pools at restored sites had lower organic carbon, coarser sediment textures, and lower denitrification potential.Restoration strategies should increase organic carbon and residence times through complex flowpaths.Abstract. Agricultural land use, channel modifications, and riparian vegetation composition can affect instream denitrification by altering geomorphic features, such as sediment texture, organic matter, retention time, and hyporheic exchange. Stream and riparian restoration is widely implemented in agricultural watersheds to mitigate excess nutrient export to sensitive downstream waters; however, the cumulative impact of channel reconstruction and altered channel and near-stream morphology on nitrogen dynamics remains poorly understood. We measured denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) and environmental variables (e.g., water chemistry, sediment texture, and organic matter) in different geomorphic features in agriculturally influenced streams in North Carolina with varied channel and riparian zone characteristics. Our results indicate that denitrification is primarily influenced by increased transport of nitrate (NO3-) to the streams in wetter months. Secondarily, structural factors, including riparian vegetation and stream geomorphology, impact denitrification by controlling the distribution of sediment texture and organic carbon. In the newly restored stream, we observed coarser streambed sediments and low sediment organic carbon, especially in scour pools constructed downstream from cross-vanes. Lower DEA was observed in restored pools (39.1 ng N g-1 dry mass h-1) compared to naturally occurring pools (70.7 to 278.1 ng N g-1 dry mass h-1). These results highlight the need for restoration strategies to be directed at increasing organic carbon and residence times through complex flowpaths (e.g., meanders, root wads, artificial woody debris dams). Keywords: Denitrification, Freshwater, Nitrogen, Restoration, Riparian, Stream, Water quality.

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Sasaki, Akiko, Shozo Shikenya, Kazuhiko Takeda, and Takayuki Nakatsubo. "Dissolved organic matter originating from the riparian shrub Salix gracilistyla." Journal of Forest Research 12, no. 1 (February 2007): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10310-006-0254-3.

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Lidman, Fredrik, Åsa Boily, Hjalmar Laudon, and Stephan J. Köhler. "From soil water to surface water – how the riparian zone controls element transport from a boreal forest to a stream." Biogeosciences 14, no. 12 (June 21, 2017): 3001–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3001-2017.

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Abstract. Boreal headwaters are often lined by strips of highly organic soils, which are the last terrestrial environment to leave an imprint on discharging groundwater before it enters a stream. Because these riparian soils are so different from the Podzol soils that dominate much of the boreal landscape, they are known to have a major impact on the biogeochemistry of important elements such as C, N, P and Fe and the transfer of these elements from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. For most elements, however, the role of the riparian zone has remained unclear, although it should be expected that the mobility of many elements is affected by changes in, for example, pH, redox potential and concentration of organic carbon as they are transported through the riparian zone. Therefore, soil water and groundwater was sampled at different depths along a 22 m hillslope transect in the Krycklan catchment in northern Sweden using soil lysimeters and analysed for a large number of major and trace elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Si, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn, Zr) and other parameters such as sulfate and total organic carbon (TOC). The results showed that the concentrations of most investigated elements increased substantially (up to 60 times) as the water flowed from the uphill mineral soils and into the riparian zone, largely as a result of higher TOC concentrations. The stream water concentrations of these elements were typically somewhat lower than in the riparian zone, but still considerably higher than in the uphill mineral soils, which suggests that riparian soils have a decisive impact on the water quality of boreal streams. The degree of enrichment in the riparian zone for different elements could be linked to the affinity for organic matter, indicating that the pattern with strongly elevated concentrations in riparian soils is typical for organophilic substances. One likely explanation is that the solubility of many organophilic elements increases as a result of the higher concentrations of TOC in the riparian zone. Elements with low or modest affinity for organic matter (e.g. Na, Cl, K, Mg and Ca) occurred in similar or lower concentrations in the riparian zone. Despite the elevated concentrations of many elements in riparian soil water and groundwater, no increase in the concentrations in biota could be observed (bilberry leaves and spruce shoots).

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Stenroth, Karolina, Trent M. Hoover, Jan Herrmann, Irene Bohman, and John S. Richardson. "A model-based comparison of organic matter dynamics between riparian-forested and open-canopy streams." Riparian Ecology and Conservation 2, no. 1 (January 3, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remc-2014-0001.

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AbstractThe food webs of forest streams are primarily based upon inputs of organic matter from adjacent terrestrial ecosystems. However, streams that run through open landscapes generally lack closed riparian canopies, and an increasing number of studies indicate that terrestrial organic matter may be an important resource in these systems as well. Combining key abiotically-controlled factors (stream discharge, water temperature, and litter input rate) with relevant biotic processes (e.g. macroinvertebrate CPOM consumption, microbial processing), we constructed a model to predict and contrast organic matter dynamics (including temporal variation in CPOM standing crop, CPOM processing rate, FPOM production, and detritivore biomass) in small riparian-forested and open-canopy streams. Our modeled results showed that the standing crop of CPOM was similar between riparian-forested and open-canopy streams, despite considerable differences in litter input rate. This unexpected result was partly due to linkages between CPOM supply and consumer abundance that produced higher detritivore biomass in the forest stream than the open-canopy stream. CPOM standing crop in the forest stream was mainly regulated by top-down consumer control, depressing it to a level similar to that of the open-canopy stream. In contrast, CPOM standing crop in the open-canopy stream was primarily controlled by physical factors (litter input rates and discharge), not consumption. This suggests that abiotic processes (e.g. discharge) may play a greater role in limiting detrital resource availability and consumer biomass in open-canopy streams than in forest streams. These model results give insight on functional differences that exists among streams and they can be used to predict effects of anthropogenic influences such as forestry, agriculture, urbanization, and climate change on streams and how riparian management and conservation tools can be employed to mitigate undesirable effects.

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Entrekin, Sally A., Natalie A. Clay, Anastasia Mogilevski, Brooke Howard-Parker, and Michelle A. Evans-White. "Multiple riparian–stream connections are predicted to change in response to salinization." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1764 (December 3, 2018): 20180042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0042.

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Secondary freshwater salinization, a common anthropogenic alteration, has detrimental, lethal and sub-lethal effects on aquatic biota. Ions from secondary salinization can become toxic to terrestrial and aquatic organisms when exposed to salinized runoff that causes periodic high-concentration pulses. Gradual, low-level (less than 1000 ppm salinity) increases in salt concentrations are also commonly documented in regions with urbanization, agriculture, drilling and mining. Despite widespread low-level salt increases, little is known about the biological and ecological consequences in coupled riparian–stream systems. Recent research indicates lethal and even sub-lethal levels of ions can subsidize or stress microbial decomposer and macroinvertebrate detritivores that could lead to alterations of three riparian–stream pathways: (i) salinized runoff that changes microbial decomposer and macroinvertebrate detritivore and algae performance leading to changes in composition and processing of detrital pools; (ii) riparian plant salt uptake and altered litter chemistry, and litterfall for riparian and aquatic detritivores and their subsequent enrichment, stimulating decomposition rates and production of dissolved and fine organic matter; and (iii) salt consumption in salinized soils could increase riparian detritivore growth, decomposition and dissolved organic matter production. Subsidy–stress and reciprocal flows in coupled riparian–stream connections provide frameworks to identify the extent and magnitude of changes in detrital processing from salinization. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.

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Sánchez-Pérez, J. M., P. Vervier, F. Garabétian, S. Sauvage, M. Loubet, J. L. Rols, T. Bariac, and P. Weng. "Nitrogen dynamics in the shallow groundwater of a riparian wetland zone of the Garonne, SW France: nitrate inputs, bacterial densities, organic matter supply and denitrification measurements." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2003): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-7-97-2003.

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Abstract. This study highlights the role of interactions between surface and sub-surface water of the riparian zone of a large river (the Garonne, SW France). Information is given about the role of surface water in supplying Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC ) to the riparian zone for nitrate removal processes. The densities of bacteria (up to 3.3 106 cell m L-1) in groundwater are strongly conditioned by the water moving during flood events. Total bacterial densities in groundwater were related to surface water bacterial densities. In sediment, total bacteria are attached mainly to fine particles (90% in the fraction < 1 mm). Spatial variations in organic carbon and nitrate content in groundwater at the site studied are correlated with exchanges between the groundwater and the river, from the upstream to the downstream part of the meander. Total bacterial densities, nitrate and decressing organic carbon concentrations follow the same pattern. These results suggest that, in this kind of riparian wetland, nitrate from alluvial groundwater influenced by agricultural practices may be denitrified by bacteria in the presence of organic carbon from river surface water. Keywords: riparian zone, nitrate removal, spatial variations, alluvial groundwater

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Luke, Stacey H., Nancy J. Luckai, Janice M. Burke, and Ellie E. Prepas. "Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest and linkages with water quality in streams." Environmental Reviews 15, NA (December 2007): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a07-001.

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Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest represent the transition zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We review factors that influence riparian vegetation communities and the associated interactions with boreal streams. Regional and local drivers (e.g., climate, edaphic factors, and natural disturbances) that affect upland boreal vegetation also operate in riparian areas. However, the proximity of riparian areas to the stream channel not only modifies some of these drivers, but it means that the stream itself becomes a driver of riparian vegetation dynamics. For example, hydrological disturbances like flooding and ice scour affect soil texture and alter successional pathways, sometimes completely denuding streambanks of vegetation. Even in riparian areas unaffected by such catastrophic disturbances, saturated soil conditions can influence riparian forest composition and nutrient cycling. Saturated soils support lower mineralization rates, therefore organic layers store relatively more carbon and nitrogen than adjoining upland soils, and primary productivity is generally lower. Saturated soils also have implications for the ability of the riparian area to “buffer” streams from inputs of water and nutrients. For example, reducing conditions in riparian soils could be the sites for nitrate removal from groundwater by denitrification. Spatial variation in weather, soils, vegetation cover, slope, accumulation of organic matter, geographic location, and relief undoubtedly add to the complexity of understanding the role of riparian systems in Canada’s vast boreal forest. However, the opportunity to identify patterns relating to riparian areas will assist in our understanding and management of these multifaceted systems.

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Watkins, Susanne C., G. P. Quinn, and Ben Gawne. "Changes in organic-matter dynamics and physicochemistry, associated with riparian vegetation loss and river regulation in floodplain wetlands of the Murray River, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 10 (2010): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09312.

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Extensive clearing of floodplain forests potentially reduces organic matter available to floodplain wetlands. Furthermore, on rivers regulated to provide irrigation water in summer, floodplain wetlands that were previously inundated in spring, now flood in summer/autumn. In the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia, this has changed the timing of organic matter entering the aquatic phase, since leaf fall peaks in summer. Field surveys and mesocosm experiments on floodplain wetlands on the River Murray revealed faster processing rates of leaves in summer/autumn than spring, and no difference between cleared and forested wetlands. Temperature and leaf carbon : nitrogen ratio could not explain these differences, and instead, changes to leaf chemistry associated with ‘terrestrial ageing’ between peak leaf fall in summer and inundation in spring is more likely. The results indicated that the reduction of input of organic matter through riparian tree clearing and changing the timing of inundation interact to alter organic-matter standing stocks and rates of decomposition in floodplain wetlands. Restoring both natural timing of high flows and riparian vegetation might be required for recovery of these wetlands.

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Pozo, J., E. González, J. R. Díez, J. Molinero, and A. Elósegui. "Inputs of Particulate Organic Matter to Streams with Different Riparian Vegetation." Journal of the North American Benthological Society 16, no. 3 (September 1997): 602–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1468147.

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Peter, Simone, Yuan Shen, Karl Kaiser, Ronald Benner, and Edith Durisch-Kaiser. "Bioavailability and diagenetic state of dissolved organic matter in riparian groundwater." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 117, G4 (November 9, 2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012jg002072.

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Kreutzweiser, David P., Scott S. Capell, and Frederick D. Beall. "Effects of Selective Forest Harvesting on Organic Matter Inputs and Accumulation in Headwater Streams." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/21.1.19.

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Abstract Organic matter inputs and accumulation were measured in streams of low-order forest watersheds across a gradient of selective harvesting with no protective riparian buffers assigned. Comparisons were made among sites in selection-cut (average 29% basal area removal), shelterwood-cut (average 42% basal area removal), diameter limit-cut (average 89% basal area removal), and undisturbed tolerant hardwood catchments. The diameter limit harvest was an intentionally high-disturbance treatment and is not a normal silvicultural prescription for tolerant hardwoods in Ontario. Time trend analyses were conducted to examine differences among sites over a pre- and postharvest experimental period. Selection-based harvesting at up to 42% basal area removal with no riparian buffers did not significantly alter average over-stream canopy cover, leaf litter and other organic matter inputs, benthic particulate organic matter accumulation, or woody debris abundance. Harvesting impacts on over-stream canopy cover and organic matter inputs appeared to be minimized by natural crown architecture (overlap in crowns of over-stream trees, residual mid-crown canopy) and by careful logging practices including retention of many immediate streamside trees (within a few meters of the stream channel) and avoidance of felling directly into the streams. Dissolved organic matter fluxes increased slightly for 1 year after harvest and were associated with increased water yield. At the diameter limit harvesting intensity (about 89% basal area removal), significant effects on organic matter inputs and accumulation in streams were detected. The results indicate that selective harvesting of hardwood forests at up to about 42% basal area removal can be conducted without causing significant reductions in organic matter inputs and accumulation in headwater streams, even without prescribed streamside buffer strips.

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Bernal, Susana, Anna Lupon, Núria Catalán, Sara Castelar, and Eugènia Martí. "Decoupling of dissolved organic matter patterns between stream and riparian groundwater in a headwater forested catchment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 3 (March 19, 2018): 1897–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1897-2018.

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Abstract. Streams are important sources of carbon to the atmosphere, though knowing whether they merely outgas terrestrially derived carbon dioxide or mineralize terrestrial inputs of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is still a big challenge in ecology. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of riparian groundwater (GW) and in-stream processes on the temporal pattern of stream DOM concentrations and quality in a forested headwater stream, and whether this influence differed between the leaf litter fall (LLF) period and the remaining part of the year (non-LLF). The spectroscopic indexes (fluorescence index, biological index, humification index, and parallel factor analysis components) indicated that DOM had an eminently protein-like character and was most likely originated from microbial sources and recent biological activity in both stream water and riparian GW. However, paired samples of stream water and riparian GW showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) concentrations as well as the spectroscopic character of DOM differed between the two compartments throughout the year. A simple mass balance approach indicated that in-stream processes along the reach contributed to reducing DOC and DON fluxes by 50 and 30 %, respectively. Further, in-stream DOC and DON uptakes were unrelated to each other, suggesting that these two compounds underwent different biogeochemical pathways. During the LLF period, stream DOC and DOC : DON ratios were higher than during the non-LLF period, and spectroscopic indexes suggested a major influence of terrestrial vegetation on stream DOM. Our study highlights that stream DOM is not merely a reflection of riparian GW entering the stream and that headwater streams have the capacity to internally produce, transform, and consume DOM.

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Kreutzweiser, David, David Nisbet, Paul Sibley, and Taylor Scarr. "Loss of ash trees in riparian forests from emerald ash borer infestations has implications for aquatic invertebrate leaf-litter consumers." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 2 (February 2019): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0283.

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Rapid loss of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees in riparian forests from an invasive insect, the emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888), could pose risk of altering organic matter inputs to water bodies that underpin many aquatic ecosystem processes. We measured the composition of riparian forests and their leaf-litter contributions to headwater streams and determined the relative palatability of ash leaves and leaves of three other common riparian trees to aquatic invertebrate leaf-litter consumers (the stonefly (Pteronarcys sp.) and the cranefly (Tipula sp.)) in laboratory microcosms and whole invertebrate communities in forest streams. Ash trees contributed, on average, 24% to riparian tree density and 20% to total litterfall. Among the four common streamside trees accounting for 65% of total litterfall, ash was the first or second most preferred food source for consumers. Leaf packs without ash decomposed at slower rates than packs containing 25%–100% ash leaves. Preferential feeding on ash leaves infers a high-quality food source selected by consumers, and this concurred with comparatively high N content and low C–N ratio of ash leaves. Aquatic invertebrate communities on leaf packs in streams differed among leaf mixtures with or without ash, although community dissimilarity was low. The loss of ash in riparian forests represents an EAB-induced reduction in a high-quality resource subsidy to organic matter consumers in streams. We discuss how this has implications for risk predictions and management response strategies.

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Datry, Thibault, and Scott T. Larned. "River flow controls ecological processes and invertebrate assemblages in subsurface flowpaths of an ephemeral river reach." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 8 (August 2008): 1532–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-075.

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We present the first measurements of solutes, invertebrates, and microbial activity in the semi-perched hyporheic, parafluvial, and riparian flowpaths of an ephemeral river channel. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and phosphorus (DOP) concentrations decreased as water from an adjacent river mainstem moved through the flowpaths. DOC, DON, and DOP processing rates decreased with increasing mainstem flow and increased with parafluvial zone length. These patterns suggest that the surface water zones of perched river systems are organic nutrient sources to subsurface flowpaths and that parafluvial zones of these systems are strong sinks for organic matter. No longitudinal changes were detected in NO3–concentrations, and relationships between NO3–processing and hydrological variables were not significant. NO3–concentrations were uniformly high, and microbial activity and DOC and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations were low, suggesting that biological NO3–removal was carbon- or phosphorus-limited. Invertebrate assemblages also varied between subsurface zones: density and taxon richness in the hyporheic and parafluvial zones were higher than in the riparian zone, and evenness was higher in the riparian zone than in the hyporheic or parafluvial zones. Distinct invertebrate assemblages in riparian zones may reflect greater hydrologic stability compared with hyporheic and parafluvial zones.

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Kanaya, Gen, Elena N. Yadrenkina, Elena I. Zuykova, Eisuke Kikuchi, Hideyuki Doi, Shuichi Shikano, Chitoshi Mizota, and Natalia I. Yurlova. "Contribution of organic matter sources to cyprinid fishes in the Chany Lake - Kargat River estuary, western Siberia." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 6 (2009): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08108.

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Although omnivorous cyprinid fish often dominate fish communities in shallow eutrophic lakes, their role in the food web is poorly known. In the present study, carbon sources of six cyprinid species were examined in a littoral freshwater habitat in a saline lake complex (Lake Chany, western Siberia, Russia) using stable isotope analyses (SIA). In this habitat, microalgae (phytoplankton and epiphytes), macrophytes and riparian vegetation comprised the major producer groups with distinctive δ13C values. Zooplankton and most benthic invertebrates functioned primarily as microalgae-based consumers, whereas the amphipod Gammarus lacustris depended largely on macrophytes or macrophyte-derived detritus. Cyprinids, Carassius carassius L., Car. auratus gibelio Bloch. and Abramis brama L., mainly utilised microalgae-derived carbon (δ13C-based isotope mixing model: 66–97%) via zooplanktonic trophic mediations. In contrast, Cyprinus carpio L., Leuciscus idus L. and Rutilus rutilus L. depended more on macrophytic and/or riparian production (52–80%) than on microalgal production. Observations and SIA of foregut contents indicated highly opportunistic feeding habits of R. rutilus and L. idus and preference for macrophytes. These results suggested that cyprinid fishes link pelagic, benthic and riparian food webs in this shallow, eutrophic lake ecosystem.

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Dalmagro, Higo, Michael Lathuillière, Fernando Sallo, Maurel Guerreiro, Osvaldo Pinto, Paulo de Arruda, Eduardo Couto, and Mark Johnson. "Streams with Riparian Forest Buffers versus Impoundments Differ in Discharge and DOM Characteristics for Pasture Catchments in Southern Amazonia." Water 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020390.

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Forest to pasture land use change following deforestation in Southern Amazonia can result in changes to stream water quality. However, some pasture streams have riparian forest buffers, while others are dammed for farm ponds. Stream corridor management can have differential effects on hydrology and dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics. We examined rainfall-runoff patterns and DOM characteristics in a pasture catchment with a forested riparian buffer, and an adjacent catchment with an impoundment. Total streamflow was 1.5 times higher with the riparian buffer, whereas stormflow represented 20% of total discharge for the dammed stream versus 13% with buffer. Stream corridor management was also the primary factor related to DOM characteristics. In the impounded catchment, DOM was found to be less structurally complex, with lower molecular weight compounds, a lesser degree of humification, and a larger proportion of protein-like DOM. In the catchment with a forested buffer, DOM was dominated by humic-like components, with fluorescence characteristics indicative of DOM derived from humified soil organic matter under native vegetation. Our results suggest that differences in stream corridor management can have important implications for carbon cycling in headwater pasture catchments, and that such changes may have the potential to influence water quality downstream in the Amazon basin.

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Acuña, Vicenç, Adonis Giorgi, Isabel Muñoz, Francesc Sabater, and Sergi Sabater. "Meteorological and riparian influences on organic matter dynamics in a forested Mediterranean stream." Journal of the North American Benthological Society 26, no. 1 (March 2007): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[54:marioo]2.0.co;2.

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Oelbermann, Maren, and Beverly A. Raimbault. "Riparian Land-Use and Rehabilitation: Impact on Organic Matter Input and Soil Respiration." Environmental Management 55, no. 2 (November 29, 2014): 496–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0410-z.

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Broder, Tanja, Klaus-Holger Knorr, and Harald Biester. "Changes in dissolved organic matter quality in a peatland and forest headwater stream as a function of seasonality and hydrologic conditions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 4 (April 13, 2017): 2035–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2035-2017.

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Abstract. Peatlands and peaty riparian zones are major sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM), but are poorly understood in terms of export dynamics and controls thereof. Thereby quality of DOM affects function and behavior of DOM in aquatic ecosystems, but DOM quality can also help to track DOM sources and their export dynamics under specific hydrologic preconditions. The objective of this study was to elucidate controls on temporal variability in DOM concentration and quality in stream water draining a bog and a forested peaty riparian zone, particularly considering drought and storm flow events. DOM quality was monitored using spectrofluorometric indices for aromaticity (SUVA254), apparent molecular size (SR) and precursor organic material (FI), as well as PARAFAC modeling of excitation emission matrices (EEMs). Indices for DOM quality exhibited major changes due to different hydrologic conditions, but patterns were also dependent on season. Stream water at the forested site with mineral, peaty soils generally exhibited higher variability in DOM concentrations and quality compared to the outflow of an ombrotrophic bog, where DOM was less susceptible to changes in hydrologic conditions. During snowmelt and spring events, near-surface protein-like DOM pools were exported. A microbial DOM fraction originating from groundwater and deep peat layers was increasing during drought, while a strongly microbially altered DOM fraction was also exported by discharge events with dry preconditions at the forested site. This might be due to accelerated microbial activity in the peaty riparian zone of the forested site under these preconditions. Our study demonstrated that DOM export dynamics are not only a passive mixing of different hydrological sources, but monitoring studies have to consider that DOM quality depends on hydrologic preconditions and season. Moreover, the forested peaty riparian zone generated the most variability in headwater DOM quantity and quality, as could be tracked by the used spectrofluorometric indices.

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Gomi, Takashi, Adelaide C. Johnson, Robert L. Deal, Paul E. Hennon, Ewa H. Orlikowska, and Mark S. Wipfli. "Factors affecting distribution of wood, detritus, and sediment in headwater streams draining managed young-growth red alder conifer forests in southeast Alaska." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 725–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-272.

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Factors (riparian stand condition, management regimes, and channel properties) affecting distributions of wood, detritus (leaves and branches), and sediment were examined in headwater streams draining young-growth red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) conifer riparian forests (< 40 years old) in southeast Alaska. More riparian red alder were found along streams affected by both timber harvesting and mass movement than in streams affected by timber harvesting alone. Young-growth stands produced little large wood material (diameter ≥10 cm) and had little effect on altering the size distribution of functional large wood in channels, although more alder wood pieces were found in streams with greater numbers of riparian alder trees. Legacy wood pieces (>40 years old) remained in channels and provided sites for sediment and organic matter storage. Despite various alderconifer mixtures and past harvesting effects, the abundance of large wood, fine wood, and detritus accumulations significantly decreased with increasing channel bank-full width ( 0.53.5 m) along relatively short channel distances (up to 700 m). Changes in wood, detritus, and sediment accumulations together with changes in riparian stand characteristics create spatial and temporal variability of in-channel conditions in headwater systems. A component of alder within young-growth riparian forests may benefit both wood production and biological recovery in disturbed headwater stream channels.

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Gift, Danielle M., Peter M. Groffman, Sujay S. Kaushal, and Paul M. Mayer. "Denitrification Potential, Root Biomass, and Organic Matter in Degraded and Restored Urban Riparian Zones." Restoration Ecology 18, no. 1 (January 2010): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00438.x.

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Chergui, Hassan, and Eric Pattee. "Flow and retention of particulate organic matter in riparian fluvial habitats under different climates." Hydrobiologia 251, no. 1-3 (February 1993): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00007173.

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IMBERGER, SAMANTHA J., ROSS M. THOMPSON, and MICHAEL R. GRACE. "Urban catchment hydrology overwhelms reach scale effects of riparian vegetation on organic matter dynamics." Freshwater Biology 56, no. 7 (February 14, 2011): 1370–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02575.x.

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Mineau, Madeleine M., Colden V. Baxter, Amy M. Marcarelli, and G. Wayne Minshall. "An invasive riparian tree reduces stream ecosystem efficiency via a recalcitrant organic matter subsidy." Ecology 93, no. 7 (July 2012): 1501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-1700.1.

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Delong, Michael D., and Merlyn A. Brusven. "Allochthonous input of organic matter from different riparian habitats of an agriculturally impacted stream." Environmental Management 18, no. 1 (January 1994): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02393750.

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Guénet, Hélène, Mélanie Davranche, Delphine Vantelon, Mathieu Pédrot, Maya Al-Sid-Cheikh, Aline Dia, and Jacques Jestin. "Evidence of organic matter control on As oxidation by iron oxides in riparian wetlands." Chemical Geology 439 (November 2016): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.06.023.

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Serna, Y., M. I. Velez, and J. Escobar. "Microscopic organic matter particles in late Holocene riparian sediments near the Cauca River, Colombia." Journal of Paleolimnology 54, no. 4 (September 9, 2015): 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-015-9855-1.

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Figueiredo, A. F., F. G. Augusto, L. D. Coletta, P. J. Duarte-Neto, E. A. Mazzi, and L. A. Martinelli. "Comparison of microbial processing of Brachiaria brizantha, a C4 invasive species and a rainforest species in tropical streams of the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 9 (2018): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17080.

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The breakdown of allochthonous organic matter is considered to be the main source of energy and nutrients for the majority of first-order streams. Thus, land-use change and riparian vegetation, such as deforestation and conversion of native forest to pasture lands, will lead to unwanted changes of the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems due to the disturbance of organic-matter supply. The C4 grasses, extensively used as forage in tropical regions, are poorly studied as important sources of allochthonous material because they are usually considered as a poor source of nutrients. Because the effects of land-use change on ecosystem functions are not fully known, we aimed to evaluate how such changes in riparian vegetation can affect nutrient cycling by means of measuring the decomposition rate of an abundant native C3 species and an exotic C4 grass species in first-order streams of the Atlantic Forest. Our results showed that C4 detritus decomposed faster than did C3 detritus, despite its lower nutrient concentration. This was likely to be due to the lower lignin concentration of the C4 species than the native C3 species. Lignin also influenced nutrient-loss dynamics of the C3 species, because it can interact with other cellular constituents and prevent the decomposition of most labile compounds. Our results supported the observation that the replacement of riparian vegetation alters breakdown rates and nutrient distributions, which may disrupt aquatic food webs.

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Erif, La Ode Muhammad, and Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan. "THE ABUNDANCE OF KARST-RIPARIAN FOREST IN THE CATCHMENT AREA OF SAMPOLAWA RIVER BAUBAU, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (September 20, 2015): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.217.

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Riparian forest is a source energy and matter for the aquatic ecosystem. The abilities of riparian forest are to control and recycle the allochthonous inputs from the upland drainage basin and the river itself. This processess are a fundamental aspect of river ecology. We studied the riparian forest in karst ecosystem setting, at the protected forest of Sampolawa headwaters river, Baubau, Southeast Sulawesi. We focussed on the structure and composition of species richness of the forest. Data were collected using quadrate methods, 20mx20m, with 4 replicates placed at each river side. Results reveal that the forest compossed of 7 growth-forms, trees, saplings, seedlings, palm, herbs, liana, and spike moss. The tree species richness of tree and sapling was 33 and 37 species in consecutively. The tree species of Sphatolobus sp., Aglaia silvestris, and Canarium asperum dominated this riparian forest. Similarly the sapling dominance were Sphatolobus sp., Aglaia sp., and Chrysophyllum lanceolatum, as well as the seedlings of Sphatolobus sp., Palaquium obovatum and Chrysophyllum lanceolatum. Thus, the Sphatolobus sp. will be the future tree. However, Anthocephalus macrophyllus saplings were not found, thus this tree was endangered. Soil nutrients of NO3, NH4, PO4, and C organic were high, which indicated that the litterfall decomposition occurred at the forest riparian floor. The Riparian forest was a primary forest and very diversed in species richnes but had low densities. All the tree, sapling, and seedling species characterized the riparian forest of karst ecosystem at the headwaters of Sampolawa River in the karst ecosystem setting. Keywords: Anthocephalus, karst-riparian forest, headwaters

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Pusey, Bradley J., and Angela H. Arthington. "Importance of the riparian zone to the conservation and management of freshwater fish: a review." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 1 (2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02041.

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The relationship between freshwater fish and the integrity of the riparian zone is reviewed with special emphasis on the fauna of northern Australia. Linkages between freshwater fish and riparian zone processes are diverse and important. The riparian zone occurs at the interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and it may, therefore, regulate the transfer of energy and material between these systems, as well as regulating the transmission of solar energy into the aquatic ecosystem. Riparian influences on light quantity, quality and shade in streams are discussed and predictions are made about the likely impacts associated with changes in light quality. Increased rates of transfer of thermal energy between the atmosphere and the aquatic environment in the absence of an intact riparian zone may potentially disrupt reproduction by desynchronizing the thermal regimen from regional factors, such as the flow regimen, as well as having direct effects on mortality rates, body morphology, disease resistance and metabolic rates. Impacts associated with changes in light quality range from increased egg and larval mortality due to increased ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation and a decreased ability to discriminate between potential mates to increased conspicuousness to predators. Increased insolation and proliferation of exotic pasture grasses, an increasing threat in northern Australia, are shown to have a range of impacts, including changes in habitat structure, food-web structure and the facilitation of invasion by exotic fish species. The interception of terrestrial sediments and nutrients by the riparian zone has important consequences for stream fish, maintaining habitat structure, water clarity and food-web structure. Coarse organic matter donated to the aquatic environment by the riparian zones has a large range of influences on stream habitat, which, in turn, affect biodiversity and a range of process, such as fish reproduction and predation. Terrestrial matter is also consumed directly by fish and may be a very important source of energy in some Australian systems and under certain circumstances. Attention to the linkages between fish and riparian systems is essential in efforts to rehabilitate degraded stream environments and to prevent further deterioration in freshwater fish populations in northern Australia.

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Stoppe, Nina, and Rainer Horn. "Microstructural strength of tidal soils – a rheometric approach to develop pedotransfer functions." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 66, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0031.

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Abstract Differences in soil stability, especially in visually comparable soils can occur due to microstructural processes and interactions. By investigating these microstructural processes with rheological investigations, it is possible to achieve a better understanding of soil behaviour from the mesoscale (soil aggregates) to macroscale (bulk soil). In this paper, a rheological investigation of the factors influencing microstructural stability of riparian soils was conducted. Homogenized samples of Marshland soils from the riparian zone of the Elbe River (North Germany) were analyzed with amplitude sweeps (AS) under controlled shear deformation in a modular compact rheometer MCR 300 (Anton Paar, Germany) at different matric potentials. A range physicochemical parameters were determined (texture, pH, organic matter, CaCO3 etc.) and these factors were used to parameterize pedotransfer functions. The results indicate a clear dependence of microstructural elasticity on texture and water content. Although the influence of individual physicochemical factors varies depending on texture, the relevant features were identified taking combined effects into account. Thus, stabilizing factors are: organic matter, calcium ions, CaCO3 and pedogenic iron oxides; whereas sodium ions and water content represent structurally unfavorable factors. Based on the determined statistical relationships between rheological and physicochemical parameters, pedotransfer functions (PTF) have been developed.

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Curzon, Miranda T., and William S. Keeton. "Spatial characteristics of canopy disturbances in riparian old-growth hemlock – northern hardwood forests, Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 1 (January 2010): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-157.

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Gap dynamics in temperate, late-successional forests influence important riparian functions, including organic matter recruitment and light environments over streams. However, controls on gap dynamics specific to riparian forests are poorly understood. We hypothesized that (i) gaps are larger and more frequent nearer streams, (ii) gaps cluster at within-stand scales, and (iii) tree damage type and gap fraction vary among riparian landforms. All gaps within four 6–9 ha plots in riparian old-growth eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) – northern hardwood forest in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA, were mapped and measured. We recorded species, damage type, and diameter at breast height for gapmakers and dominant perimeter trees. Spatial distribution was assessed with Ripley’s K. Spatial autocorrelation in gap area and tree damage type were assessed using Moran’s I. Linear regression analysis defined relationships between proximity to streams and gap area and frequency. Expanded gap fraction ranged from 28.3% to 47.6%. Gaps were randomly distributed at scales ≤25 m and clustered at scales of 63–122 m. Distribution patterns were not consistent at other scales. Convergent and divergent landforms significantly influenced gap fraction, tree damage type, and species distributions. Positive correlations between convergent topography and gap area suggest an interaction between low-order riparian landforms and gap formation dynamics in late-successional forests.

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Hadisusanto, Suwarno, Dwinda Mariska Putri, Puguh Sujarta, Raditia Nugraha, Qisti Fauziyah, Riska Putri Asmawati, Annisa Mawarni, Firda Nabila Nur Azizah, and Muhammad Rifqi. "Macroinvertebrate benthic community as rapid quality assessment in Winongo, Code, and Gajahwong Streams inside Yogyakarta City, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province." E3S Web of Conferences 76 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197602004.

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Streams in Yogyakarta City are classified as an urban river, they receive huge amount of organic matter daily from anthropogenic waste. Growing urbanization affected water ecosystem causing water quality and benthic community changes. Macroinvertebrate benthic immediately respond to physic-chemical changes of the stream. Aims of this study are studying urbanization alter macroinvertebrate benthic community, and water quality in Winongo, Gajahwong, and Code streams of Yogyakarta City. Samples were collected at December 2015 and January 2017 in Winongo, Gajahwong, and Code streams inside the administration area of Yogyakarta City using sediment Dredge. Collections perform by dividing each stream into three parts with five replications. Macroinvertebrate benthic were filtered using stratified filter mesh 60, 40, and 20 results showed that macroinvertebrate benthic diversity decreasing from 2015 to 2017 in these three urban streams. There were not much species founded in Yogyakarta City Streams, indicates riparian ecosystem lack of natural habitat. All riparian zone are damage by anthropogenic activities. Their density is also decreasing probably because riparian floodplain embankment caused water velocity faster, leave little sediment for benthic organism. Chironomids larvae dominate in all stations in each river, and the most abundant in Code. They were abundant because streams in Yogyakarta City accept high input of organic matter. They classified as tolerate groups where their abundance indicates water pollution. High waterfall during 2016 most probably caused water quality better in 2017 than 2015. Dissolved oxygen was higher, and water ph is closer to neutral. Thus it cannot be used as an indicator.

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Márquez, Carmen, Víctor García, Richard Schultz, and Tom Isenhart. "Assessment of Soil Aggradation through Soil Aggregation and Particulate Organic Matter by Riparian Switchgrass Buffers." Agronomy 7, no. 4 (November 17, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7040076.

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Pisani, Oliva, David D. Bosch, Alisa W. Coffin, Dinku M. Endale, Dan Liebert, and Timothy C. Strickland. "Riparian land cover and hydrology influence stream dissolved organic matter composition in an agricultural watershed." Science of The Total Environment 717 (May 2020): 137165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137165.

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Oelbermann, Maren, Beverly A. Raimbault, and A. M. Gordon. "Erratum to: Riparian Land-Use and Rehabilitation: Impact on Organic Matter Input and Soil Respiration." Environmental Management 56, no. 2 (May 16, 2015): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0540-y.

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Saint-Laurent, Diane, and Lisane Arsenault-Boucher. "Soil properties and rate of organic matter decomposition in riparian woodlands using the TBI protocol." Geoderma 358 (January 2020): 113976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.113976.

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Graf-Rosenfellner, Markus, Arne Cierjacks, Birgit Kleinschmit, and Friederike Lang. "Soil formation and its implications for stabilization of soil organic matter in the riparian zone." CATENA 139 (April 2016): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.11.010.

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Gonçalves, J. F., and M. Callisto. "Organic-matter dynamics in the riparian zone of a tropical headwater stream in Southern Brasil." Aquatic Botany 109 (August 2013): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.03.005.

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Patsyuk, M. K., and I. P. Onyshchuk. "Diversity and Distribution of Naked Amoebae in Water Bodies of Sumy Region (Ukraine)." Vestnik Zoologii 53, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2019-0018.

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Abstract Taxonomy of naked amoebae and specifics of their distribution in water bodies of Sumy Region are presented. Our research identified 12 species of naked amoebae of 11 morphotypes. We established their ecological groups relative to abiotic aquatic factors: euryoxidic, stenooxidic, stenobiotic and those that survive in a wide range of organic matter content. According to the species composition, swamp and riparian species complexes of naked amoebae were identified. It was found that species complexes of amoeba are influenced by such factors as temperature, concentration of dissolved oxygen and organic compounds.

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Potts, Donald F., and Bruce K. M. Anderson. "Organic Debris and the Management of Small Stream Channels." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/5.1.25.

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Abstract Longitudinal profiles, riparian and in-channel debris loads, and sediment storage were measured in eight reaches of first- to third-order, snowmelt-dominated, intermittent, and perennial streams in western Montana. Low-order channels tended to concentrate debris. Organic matter providedover 60% of total sediment storage in all study reaches. We suggest that Streamside Management Zones (SMZs) be extended to include intermittent channels and possibly the lowest portions of ephemeral channels in anticipation of their activation. Predisturbance appraisal of downed woody fuelsin these SMZs is recommended to provide a target debris loading during site preparation, thus ensuring a steady-state supply of organic materials to maintain channel stabdity following timber harvest. West. J. Appl. For. 5(1):25-28.

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Atkinson, Samuel F., and Matthew C. Lake. "Prioritizing riparian corridors for ecosystem restoration in urbanizing watersheds." PeerJ 8 (February 4, 2020): e8174. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8174.

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Background Riparian corridors can affect nutrient, organic matter, and sediment transport, all of which shape water quality in streams and connected downstream waters. When functioning riparian corridors remain intact, they provide highly valued water quality ecosystem services. However, in rapidly urbanizing watersheds, riparian corridors are susceptible to development modifications that adversely affect those ecosystem services. Protecting high quality riparian corridors or restoring low quality corridors are widely advocated as watershed level water quality management options for protecting those ecosystem services. The two approaches, protection or restoration, should be viewed as complementary by watershed managers and provide a foundation for targeting highly functioning riparian corridors for protection or for identifying poorly functioning corridors for restoration. Ascertaining which strategy to use is often motivated by a specific ecosystem service, for example water quality, upon which watershed management is focused. We have previously reported on a spatially explicit model that focused on identifying riparian corridors that have specific characteristics that make them well suited for purposes of preservation and protection focused on water quality. Here we hypothesize that focusing on restoration, rather than protection, can be the basis for developing a watershed level strategy for improving water quality in urbanizing watersheds. Methods The model described here represents a geographic information system (GIS) based approach that utilizes riparian characteristics extracted from 40-meter wide corridors centered on streams and rivers. The model focuses on drinking water reservoir watersheds that can be analyzed at the sub-watershed level. Sub-watershed riparian data (vegetation, soil erodibility and surface slope) are scaled and weighted based on watershed management theories for water quality, and riparian restoration scores are assigned. Those scores are used to rank order riparian zones –the lower the score the higher the priority for riparian restoration. Results The model was applied to 90 sub-watersheds in the watershed of an important drinking water reservoir in north central Texas, USA. Results from this study area suggest that corridor scores were found to be most correlated to the amount of: forested vegetation, residential land use, soils in the highest erodibility class, and highest surface slope (r2 = 0.92, p < 0.0001). Scores allow watershed managers to rapidly focus on riparian corridors most in need of restoration. A beneficial feature of the model is that it also allows investigation of multiple scenarios of restoration strategies (e.g., revegetation, soil stabilization, flood plain leveling), giving watershed managers a tool to compare and contrast watershed level management plans.

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Liu, Yaolin, Qinghu Jiang, Teng Fei, Junjie Wang, Tiezhu Shi, Kai Guo, Xiran Li, and Yiyun Chen. "Transferability of a Visible and Near-Infrared Model for Soil Organic Matter Estimation in Riparian Landscapes." Remote Sensing 6, no. 5 (May 9, 2014): 4305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs6054305.

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Ledesma, J. L. J., D. N. Kothawala, P. Bastviken, S. Maehder, T. Grabs, and M. N. Futter. "Stream Dissolved Organic Matter Composition Reflects the Riparian Zone, Not Upslope Soils in Boreal Forest Headwaters." Water Resources Research 54, no. 6 (June 2018): 3896–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2017wr021793.

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France, Robert, Heather Culbert, and Robert Peters. "Decreased carbon and nutrient input to boreal lakes from particulate organic matter following riparian clear-cutting." Environmental Management 20, no. 4 (July 1996): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01474657.

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Duan, S., and S. S. Kaushal. "Salinization alters fluxes of bioreactive elements from stream ecosystems across land use." Biogeosciences 12, no. 23 (December 15, 2015): 7331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7331-2015.

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Abstract. There has been increased salinization of fresh water over decades due to the use of road salt deicers, wastewater discharges, saltwater intrusion, human-accelerated weathering, and groundwater irrigation. Salinization can mobilize bioreactive elements (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur) chemically via ion exchange and/or biologically via influencing of microbial activity. However, the effects of salinization on coupled biogeochemical cycles are still not well understood. We investigated potential impacts of increased salinization on fluxes of bioreactive elements from stream ecosystems (sediments and riparian soils) to overlying stream water and evaluated the implications of percent urban land use on salinization effects. Two-day incubations of sediments and soils with stream and deionized water across three salt levels were conducted at eight routine monitoring stations across a land-use gradient at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Results indicated (1) salinization typically increased sediment releases of labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total dissolved Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) (ammonium + ammonia + dissolved organic nitrogen), and sediment transformations of nitrate; (2) salinization generally decreased DOC aromaticity and fluxes of soluble reactive phosphorus from both sediments and soils; (3) the effects of increased salinization on sediment releases of DOC and TKN and DOC quality increased with percentage watershed urbanization. Biogeochemical responses to salinization varied between sediments and riparian soils in releases of DOC and DIC, and nitrate transformations. The differential responses of riparian soils and sediments to increased salinization were likely due to differences in organic matter sources and composition. Our results suggest that short-term increases in salinization can cause releases of significant amounts of labile organic carbon and nitrogen from stream substrates and organic transformations of nitrogen and phosphorus in urban watersheds. Given that salinization of fresh water will increase in the future due to human activities, significant impacts on carbon and nutrient mobilization and water quality should be anticipated.

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Wilson, Henry F., Peter A. Raymond, James E. Saiers, William V. Sobczak, and Na Xu. "Increases in humic and bioavailable dissolved organic matter in a forested New England headwater stream with increasing discharge." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 9 (2016): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15286.

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Understanding the processes controlling the transfer of organic matter from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems is of fundamental importance for the aquatic sciences. Over the course of a full year, fluorescence, absorbance and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were characterised in Bigelow Brook, a forested headwater stream in Massachusetts, USA. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) identified a four-component model to describe observed DOM fluorescence (C1–C4). Component C2 exhibited the characteristics of a more humic-like fluorophore, with a potentially more reduced redox state and increased with discharge, whereas more fulvic-like (C1) and protein-like (C3, C4) fluorophores decreased. Under both dark and light-exposed conditions, percentage bioavailable dissolved organic carbon (%BDOC) increased with discharge (R2 = 0.37 and R2 = 0.56). C2 and specific absorptivity (SUVA) were reduced following BDOC incubations, whereas C1, C3 and C4 increased. These changes to DOM characteristics with increasing discharge were observed under both baseflow and stormflow conditions, indicating that with rising watertable, loading from a large riparian or hyporheic pool of organic matter is likely occurring. Other headwater streams, where loading is controlled by hillslope processes, are likely to exhibit a similar pattern of increasing export of more humic and bioavailable DOM during hydrologic events.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Riparian organic matter'

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