Academic literature on the topic 'Riparian organic matter'
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Journal articles on the topic "Riparian organic matter"
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Maridet, L., J. G. Wasson, M. Philippe, and C. Amoros. "Benthic organic matter dynamics in three streams: Riparian vegetation or bed morphology control?" Archiv für Hydrobiologie 132, no. 4 (March 10, 1995): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/132/1995/415.
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França, Juliana Silva, Rener Silva Gregório, Joana D'Arc de Paula, José Francisco Gonçalves Júnior, Fernando Alves Ferreira, and Marcos Callisto. "Composition and dynamics of allochthonous organic matter inputs and benthic stock in a Brazilian stream." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 10 (2009): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08247.
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Riparian vegetation provides the nutrient and energy input that maintains the metabolism and biodiversity in tropical headwater streams. In the present study, it was hypothesised that ~30% of riparian plant species contribute over 70% of coarse particulate organic matter and, because tropical plants are perennial and semi-deciduous, it was expected that leaf fall would occur year round. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the composition and structure of the plant riparian zone and the input and associated benthic stock of organic matter. The riparian vegetation was composed of 99 taxa. The most abundant plant species were Tapirira obtusa, Sclerolobium rugosum, Croton urucurana, Byrsonima sp. and Inga sp. The input and benthic stock showed a seasonal pattern, with higher values recorded at the end of the dry season and at the beginning of tropical storms. The biomass contributed monthly by the vegetation ranged from 28 ± 6 g m–2 to 38 ± 11 g m–2, and the mean monthly benthic standing stock was 138 ± 57 g m–2. The results illustrate the importance of riparian vegetation as an energy source to tropical streams and how individual plant species contribute to organic matter inputs in these ecosystems.
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Gonçalves Júnior, José Francisco, Juliana Silva França, and Marcos Callisto. "Dynamics of allochthonous organic matter in a tropical Brazilian headstream." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 49, no. 6 (November 2006): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132006000700014.
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The species composition of the riparian vegetation and the seasonal contribution of input and storage of fine and coarse particulate organic matter were assessed in a 3rd order stretch. Fourteen tree species in the riparian zone were identified, with 3 species contributing with 68% of total litter input: Miconia chartacea Triana (43%), Miconia cyathanthera Triana (16%) and Erythroxylum pelletarianum St. Hil (9%). The allochthonous input of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) was composed mainly by leaves (over 50%). Species composition and the contribution of each plant species biomass for vertical, lateral and soil inputs and benthic stocks varied along the study period. The maximum values found in September, November and December coincided with the beginning of the rainy season. There were no differences between the allochthonous vertical and lateral inputs of CPOM to the stream. Differently to other studies, this result was probably due to the peculiar composition of stream’s riparian vegetation at Serra do Cipó.
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Welsh, Molly K., Sara K. McMillan, and Philippe G. Vidon. "Impact of Riparian and Stream Restoration on Denitrification in Geomorphic Features of Agricultural Streams." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 5 (2020): 1157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13777.
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HighlightsDenitrification enzyme activity (DEA) was measured in stream sediments of restored and unrestored agricultural streams.Nitrate, sediment characteristics, riparian vegetation, and geomorphology influenced DEA.Pools at restored sites had lower organic carbon, coarser sediment textures, and lower denitrification potential.Restoration strategies should increase organic carbon and residence times through complex flowpaths.Abstract. Agricultural land use, channel modifications, and riparian vegetation composition can affect instream denitrification by altering geomorphic features, such as sediment texture, organic matter, retention time, and hyporheic exchange. Stream and riparian restoration is widely implemented in agricultural watersheds to mitigate excess nutrient export to sensitive downstream waters; however, the cumulative impact of channel reconstruction and altered channel and near-stream morphology on nitrogen dynamics remains poorly understood. We measured denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) and environmental variables (e.g., water chemistry, sediment texture, and organic matter) in different geomorphic features in agriculturally influenced streams in North Carolina with varied channel and riparian zone characteristics. Our results indicate that denitrification is primarily influenced by increased transport of nitrate (NO3-) to the streams in wetter months. Secondarily, structural factors, including riparian vegetation and stream geomorphology, impact denitrification by controlling the distribution of sediment texture and organic carbon. In the newly restored stream, we observed coarser streambed sediments and low sediment organic carbon, especially in scour pools constructed downstream from cross-vanes. Lower DEA was observed in restored pools (39.1 ng N g-1 dry mass h-1) compared to naturally occurring pools (70.7 to 278.1 ng N g-1 dry mass h-1). These results highlight the need for restoration strategies to be directed at increasing organic carbon and residence times through complex flowpaths (e.g., meanders, root wads, artificial woody debris dams). Keywords: Denitrification, Freshwater, Nitrogen, Restoration, Riparian, Stream, Water quality.
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Sasaki, Akiko, Shozo Shikenya, Kazuhiko Takeda, and Takayuki Nakatsubo. "Dissolved organic matter originating from the riparian shrub Salix gracilistyla." Journal of Forest Research 12, no. 1 (February 2007): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10310-006-0254-3.
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Lidman, Fredrik, Åsa Boily, Hjalmar Laudon, and Stephan J. Köhler. "From soil water to surface water – how the riparian zone controls element transport from a boreal forest to a stream." Biogeosciences 14, no. 12 (June 21, 2017): 3001–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3001-2017.
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Abstract. Boreal headwaters are often lined by strips of highly organic soils, which are the last terrestrial environment to leave an imprint on discharging groundwater before it enters a stream. Because these riparian soils are so different from the Podzol soils that dominate much of the boreal landscape, they are known to have a major impact on the biogeochemistry of important elements such as C, N, P and Fe and the transfer of these elements from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. For most elements, however, the role of the riparian zone has remained unclear, although it should be expected that the mobility of many elements is affected by changes in, for example, pH, redox potential and concentration of organic carbon as they are transported through the riparian zone. Therefore, soil water and groundwater was sampled at different depths along a 22 m hillslope transect in the Krycklan catchment in northern Sweden using soil lysimeters and analysed for a large number of major and trace elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Si, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn, Zr) and other parameters such as sulfate and total organic carbon (TOC). The results showed that the concentrations of most investigated elements increased substantially (up to 60 times) as the water flowed from the uphill mineral soils and into the riparian zone, largely as a result of higher TOC concentrations. The stream water concentrations of these elements were typically somewhat lower than in the riparian zone, but still considerably higher than in the uphill mineral soils, which suggests that riparian soils have a decisive impact on the water quality of boreal streams. The degree of enrichment in the riparian zone for different elements could be linked to the affinity for organic matter, indicating that the pattern with strongly elevated concentrations in riparian soils is typical for organophilic substances. One likely explanation is that the solubility of many organophilic elements increases as a result of the higher concentrations of TOC in the riparian zone. Elements with low or modest affinity for organic matter (e.g. Na, Cl, K, Mg and Ca) occurred in similar or lower concentrations in the riparian zone. Despite the elevated concentrations of many elements in riparian soil water and groundwater, no increase in the concentrations in biota could be observed (bilberry leaves and spruce shoots).
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Stenroth, Karolina, Trent M. Hoover, Jan Herrmann, Irene Bohman, and John S. Richardson. "A model-based comparison of organic matter dynamics between riparian-forested and open-canopy streams." Riparian Ecology and Conservation 2, no. 1 (January 3, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remc-2014-0001.
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AbstractThe food webs of forest streams are primarily based upon inputs of organic matter from adjacent terrestrial ecosystems. However, streams that run through open landscapes generally lack closed riparian canopies, and an increasing number of studies indicate that terrestrial organic matter may be an important resource in these systems as well. Combining key abiotically-controlled factors (stream discharge, water temperature, and litter input rate) with relevant biotic processes (e.g. macroinvertebrate CPOM consumption, microbial processing), we constructed a model to predict and contrast organic matter dynamics (including temporal variation in CPOM standing crop, CPOM processing rate, FPOM production, and detritivore biomass) in small riparian-forested and open-canopy streams. Our modeled results showed that the standing crop of CPOM was similar between riparian-forested and open-canopy streams, despite considerable differences in litter input rate. This unexpected result was partly due to linkages between CPOM supply and consumer abundance that produced higher detritivore biomass in the forest stream than the open-canopy stream. CPOM standing crop in the forest stream was mainly regulated by top-down consumer control, depressing it to a level similar to that of the open-canopy stream. In contrast, CPOM standing crop in the open-canopy stream was primarily controlled by physical factors (litter input rates and discharge), not consumption. This suggests that abiotic processes (e.g. discharge) may play a greater role in limiting detrital resource availability and consumer biomass in open-canopy streams than in forest streams. These model results give insight on functional differences that exists among streams and they can be used to predict effects of anthropogenic influences such as forestry, agriculture, urbanization, and climate change on streams and how riparian management and conservation tools can be employed to mitigate undesirable effects.
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Entrekin, Sally A., Natalie A. Clay, Anastasia Mogilevski, Brooke Howard-Parker, and Michelle A. Evans-White. "Multiple riparian–stream connections are predicted to change in response to salinization." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1764 (December 3, 2018): 20180042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0042.
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Secondary freshwater salinization, a common anthropogenic alteration, has detrimental, lethal and sub-lethal effects on aquatic biota. Ions from secondary salinization can become toxic to terrestrial and aquatic organisms when exposed to salinized runoff that causes periodic high-concentration pulses. Gradual, low-level (less than 1000 ppm salinity) increases in salt concentrations are also commonly documented in regions with urbanization, agriculture, drilling and mining. Despite widespread low-level salt increases, little is known about the biological and ecological consequences in coupled riparian–stream systems. Recent research indicates lethal and even sub-lethal levels of ions can subsidize or stress microbial decomposer and macroinvertebrate detritivores that could lead to alterations of three riparian–stream pathways: (i) salinized runoff that changes microbial decomposer and macroinvertebrate detritivore and algae performance leading to changes in composition and processing of detrital pools; (ii) riparian plant salt uptake and altered litter chemistry, and litterfall for riparian and aquatic detritivores and their subsequent enrichment, stimulating decomposition rates and production of dissolved and fine organic matter; and (iii) salt consumption in salinized soils could increase riparian detritivore growth, decomposition and dissolved organic matter production. Subsidy–stress and reciprocal flows in coupled riparian–stream connections provide frameworks to identify the extent and magnitude of changes in detrital processing from salinization. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.
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Sánchez-Pérez, J. M., P. Vervier, F. Garabétian, S. Sauvage, M. Loubet, J. L. Rols, T. Bariac, and P. Weng. "Nitrogen dynamics in the shallow groundwater of a riparian wetland zone of the Garonne, SW France: nitrate inputs, bacterial densities, organic matter supply and denitrification measurements." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2003): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-7-97-2003.
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Abstract. This study highlights the role of interactions between surface and sub-surface water of the riparian zone of a large river (the Garonne, SW France). Information is given about the role of surface water in supplying Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC ) to the riparian zone for nitrate removal processes. The densities of bacteria (up to 3.3 106 cell m L-1) in groundwater are strongly conditioned by the water moving during flood events. Total bacterial densities in groundwater were related to surface water bacterial densities. In sediment, total bacteria are attached mainly to fine particles (90% in the fraction < 1 mm). Spatial variations in organic carbon and nitrate content in groundwater at the site studied are correlated with exchanges between the groundwater and the river, from the upstream to the downstream part of the meander. Total bacterial densities, nitrate and decressing organic carbon concentrations follow the same pattern. These results suggest that, in this kind of riparian wetland, nitrate from alluvial groundwater influenced by agricultural practices may be denitrified by bacteria in the presence of organic carbon from river surface water. Keywords: riparian zone, nitrate removal, spatial variations, alluvial groundwater
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Luke, Stacey H., Nancy J. Luckai, Janice M. Burke, and Ellie E. Prepas. "Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest and linkages with water quality in streams." Environmental Reviews 15, NA (December 2007): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a07-001.
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Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest represent the transition zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We review factors that influence riparian vegetation communities and the associated interactions with boreal streams. Regional and local drivers (e.g., climate, edaphic factors, and natural disturbances) that affect upland boreal vegetation also operate in riparian areas. However, the proximity of riparian areas to the stream channel not only modifies some of these drivers, but it means that the stream itself becomes a driver of riparian vegetation dynamics. For example, hydrological disturbances like flooding and ice scour affect soil texture and alter successional pathways, sometimes completely denuding streambanks of vegetation. Even in riparian areas unaffected by such catastrophic disturbances, saturated soil conditions can influence riparian forest composition and nutrient cycling. Saturated soils support lower mineralization rates, therefore organic layers store relatively more carbon and nitrogen than adjoining upland soils, and primary productivity is generally lower. Saturated soils also have implications for the ability of the riparian area to “buffer” streams from inputs of water and nutrients. For example, reducing conditions in riparian soils could be the sites for nitrate removal from groundwater by denitrification. Spatial variation in weather, soils, vegetation cover, slope, accumulation of organic matter, geographic location, and relief undoubtedly add to the complexity of understanding the role of riparian systems in Canada’s vast boreal forest. However, the opportunity to identify patterns relating to riparian areas will assist in our understanding and management of these multifaceted systems.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Riparian organic matter"
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Krenz, Robert John III. "Organic Matter Processes of Constructed Streams and Associated Riparian Areas in the Coalfields of Southwest Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73430.
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Central Appalachian headwater streams in coalfield areas are prone to mining disturbances, and compensatory mitigation is required in cases of documented impacts. Stream construction on reclaimed mines is a common mitigation strategy. Streams constructed as compensatory mitigation are meant to restore structural and functional attributes of headwater streams and are often evaluated by measuring structural ecosystem characteristics. However, replacement of stream ecosystem functions is essential for mitigation of mining disturbances from an ecosystem perspective. This research compared selected structural and functional measures in eight constructed streams on mined areas to those of four forested reference streams across two years. Three organic matter functions were evaluated: riparian litterfall input, leaf breakdown, and periphyton accrual. Constructed streams were typically warmer than reference streams and also had elevated specific conductance, elevated oxidized nitrogen concentrations, depressed benthic macroinvertebrate richness, and lower levels of canopy cover. Functionally, litterfall input and total leaf breakdown means for constructed streams were approximately 25% and 60% of reference means, respectively. Leaf breakdown in constructed streams appeared to be inhibited as a result of reduced processing by benthic macroinvertebrates as well as inhibition of microbial and physicochemical pathways. Constructed streams with total breakdown rates most similar to reference-stream levels had the coldest stream temperatures. Areal periphyton biomass, benthic algal standing crop, and senescent autotrophic organic matter in constructed streams were roughly quadruple, double, and quintuple those of reference streams, respectively. Indicator ratios also suggested stream-type differences in periphyton structure. Mean algal accrual was greater in constructed streams than in reference streams during leaf-on seasons. My results suggest that light is likely the primary factor driving accrual rate differences during summer and fall, but that temperature may also be important during fall. Planting a diverse assemblage of native riparian trees and ensuring their successful development can inhibit benthic irradiance and thermal energy inputs while providing similar quantity and quality of OM to constructed streams, thereby fostering replacement of reference-like OM functions in some streams.Ph. D.
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Roberts, Mindy. "Sources, transport, and fate of terrestrial organic matter inputs to small Puget Lowland streams : effects of urbanization, floods, and salmon /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10198.
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Bowen, Patricia Margaret. "Modelling microbial utilisation of macrophyte organic matter inputs to rivers under different flow conditions /." full text available on ADT, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20070802.104452/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) - University of Canberra."March 2006" Submitted in accordance with assessment requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree of the University of Canberra. Bibliography: p. 228 - 250.
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Hernandez, Maria Elizabeth. "The effect of hydrologic pulses on nitrogen biogeochemistry in created riparian wetlands in midwestern USA." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1154448558.
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Conway, Carol Leza, and n/a. "Oxic and anoxic transformations of leaf derived organic matter in freshwater systems." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060519.105559.
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In Australia, significant effort goes into reducing the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus
entering inland waters from point sources. However, little is known of the extent to
which riparian organic matter may act as a source of these nutrients. Also, whilst the relationships
between the nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon cycles are broadly known, there
is little quantitative data regarding the release of these elements from Australian riparian
organic matter and their subsequent microbial mineralisation within aquatic environments.
In particular, comparatively little is known of their comparative role in nutrient and organic
matter cycling within anoxic zones, and the influence that different riparian organic matter
may have on stream water quality. This lack of such data presently hampers the ability of
water managers to make educated decisions regarding the management of riparian zones
in Australia. In order to improve understanding in this area, a combination of laboratory
and in situ experiments were carried out in order to compare the abiotic release and aerobic/
anaerobic mineralisation of leaf derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved
nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) under different environmental
conditions. Four plants common to Australian riparian zones were investigated: two native
species, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (gum) and Phragmites australis (common reed), and
two exotic species, Salix babylonica (willow) and Lolium multiflorum (rye grass). After 30
days, formaldehyde inhibited 1g willow and rye grass extracts contained the most SRP (0.7
mg/L), whilst gum extracts contained 0.3 mg/L and common reed 0.1 mg/L of SRP.Willow
and rye grass abiotically released twice as much NOx than gum and common reed, although
concentrations were only between 0.05-0.1 mg/L. Gum and common reed released the most
DOC per gram of leaf matter (14 and 12 mmol/g of leaf matter respectively), but based on
the initial carbon content of each leaf type, the largest percentage contributor of DOC under
abiotic conditions was common reed and rye grass (both 38% mass/mass), with gum (33%
mass/mass) and willow (30% mass/mass) being smaller contributors. The most bioavailable
DOC was released by rye grass and common reed, with between 83 and 94% of this
DOC microbially mineralised after 30 days in oxic conditions. When conditions were not
inhibited, microbial growth was evident almost immediately in willow, rye grass and common
reed leaf extracts. However, microbial growth was suppressed for the first 48 hours
in gum leaf extracts. After this suppression period, the rate of DOC mineralisation was
equal in willow and gum leaf extracts (0.1 day-1). Under anoxic conditions, the rate and
extent of DOC mineralisation of willow and gum leaves depended on the type of electron
acceptor provided. Added nitrate and iron III enhanced the mineralisation of both willow
and gum leaves relative to no terminal electron acceptors (from zero to 0.01-0.04 and 0.002-
0.004 moles/day respectively), but added sulphate only enhanced the mineralisation of gum
leaves (0.04 moles/day). When no additional electron acceptors were provided, particulate
leaf mineralisation was more extensive under oxic than anoxic conditions. However, the
mineralisation of leaf derived DOC were the same regardless of oxygen availability, and
after 35 days in either condition the percentage of leaf DOC mineralised for each leaf type
was of the order common reed > rye grass > willow > gum. All the leaf types tested were
able to sustain the caddis fly larvae Triplectides australis under controlled laboratory conditions,
and survival rates were high using all four leaf types as a food source. Triplectides
australis did not significantly increase the amount of DOC released from each type of leaf
matter, but they did consistently increase the proportion of simple carbohydrates present
within the DOC fraction. The results of these experiments suggest that changes to riparian
vegetation, particularly from the native to exotic species used in this study, will inherently
alter in-stream concentrations of dissolved carbon and nutrients (particularly SRP). This
potentially will affect in-stream, hyporheic and subsurface processes, particularly in areas
where surface water flow is low and riparian leaf inputs are high.
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Graf-Rosenfellner, Markus [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaupenjohann, Martin [Gutachter] Kaupenjohann, and Friederike [Gutachter] Lang. "Soil organic matter in riparian floodplain soils : regionalization of stocks and stabilization processes / Markus Graf-Rosenfellner ; Gutachter: Martin Kaupenjohann, Friederike Lang ; Betreuer: Martin Kaupenjohann." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156274958/34.
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König, Rodrigo. "Detritos foliares em riachos subtropicais: dinâmica de matéria orgânica, processo de decomposição e macrofauna associada." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3284.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorLow-order forested streams are dependent on allochthonous material input and the main energy source is obtained from leaf litter provided by the surrounding vegetation. Several gaps need to be filled to the knowledge of this process in subtropical environments and, accordingly, the thesis aimed to conduct some investigations considering the decomposition of leaf litter in streams. Four studies were conducted in subtropical streams with the following objectives: a) to verify the quantitative importance of the leaf input into streams, the main sources of input and its variation over the year; b) to analyze the influence of the leaf litter quality on decomposition and macroinvertebrate colonization; c) to evaluate the influence of the land use on the decomposition process, including the macroinvertebrate community and fungi; d) to conduct an initial investigation about the influence of insecticide application on the macroinvertebrate community that colonizes leaves in streams. Leaf litter was the main plant component to come in stream and the main route of entry allochthonous material was vertical. We observed the influence of season on this entry, with an increase mainly in the autumn and in the months with high rainfall. The chemical characteristic of leaves influenced the decomposition of leaf litter and its colonization by the macroinvertebrate community. Leaves with higher nitrogen content and lower amount of components that hinder decomposition were processed more quickly and, for these reasons, showed a higher amount of shredders. Moreover, different land uses did not significantly influence the decomposition process, just modifying some aspects of the macroinvertebrate community, especially in streams with urban influence. The results may be due to high currents found in local streams that make homogeneous its consequences for water quality, for the biological component and hence for ecological processes such as decomposition. We observed an influence of insecticide application on the macroinvertebrate community, decreasing the abundance of the target groups of the product, but generating an increase in the richness and abundance of other groups after an initial period of colonization.
Os riachos florestados de baixa ordem são dependentes da entrada de material alóctone e a principal fonte de energia é obtida de detritos foliares provenientes da vegetação de entorno. Várias lacunas precisam ser preenchidas para o conhecimento desse processo em ambientes subtropicais e, nesse sentido, esta tese teve como objetivo realizar algumas investigações considerando o processamento de detritos foliares em riachos. Foram conduzidos quatro estudos em riachos subtropicais com os seguintes objetivos: a) verificar a importância quantitativa da entrada foliar em riachos, as principais vias de entrada e sua variação ao longo do ano; b) analisar a influência da qualidade do detrito foliar sobre a decomposição e colonização por macroinvertebrados; c) avaliar a influência do uso e ocupação da terra sobre o processo de decomposição, incluindo a comunidade de macroinvertebrados e fungos; d) realizar uma investigação inicial acerca da influência da aplicação de inseticida sobre a comunidade de macroinvertebrados que coloniza folhas em riachos. Detritos foliares foram o principal componente vegetal a entrar no riacho e a principal via de entrada do material alóctone foi a lateral. Foi observada influência da época do ano sobre esta entrada, com aumento principalmente nos meses do outono e com alta pluviosidade. A característica química das folhas influenciou a decomposição de detritos foliares e sua colonização pela comunidade de macroinvertebrados. Folhas com maior teor de nitrogênio e menor quantidade de componentes que dificultam a decomposição foram processadas mais rapidamente e apresentaram maior quantidade de fragmentadores. Por outro lado, diferentes usos da terra não influenciaram significativamente o processo de decomposição, apenas modificando alguns aspectos da comunidade de macroinvertebrados, principalmente em riachos com influência urbana. Os resultados podem ter ocorrido devido às altas correntezas encontradas nos riachos da região, que tornam homogêneas suas consequências para a qualidade da água, para o componente biológico e, consequentemente, para os processos ecológicos como a decomposição. Foi observada uma influência da aplicação de inseticida sobre a comunidade de macroinvertebrados, diminuindo a abundância dos grupos-alvo do produto, mas gerando um aumento na riqueza e abundância dos demais grupos após um período inicial de colonização.
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Estrup, Andersen Hans. "Hydrology, nutrient processes and vegetation in floodplain wetlands." Copenhagen : Den kgl. Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole, 2002. http://www2.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_Publikationer/3_Ovrige/rapporter/Phd_HEA.pdf.
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Arthur, Jarred Bradley. "The influence of upstream forest on macroinvertebrate communities in pastoral landscapes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4925.
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The conversion of native forest to agricultural land has been an on-going issue threatening the health of New Zealand’s freshwater systems. However, despite the fact that this has been occurring since early European settlement, our understanding of the mechanistic relationships between riparian vegetation and stream condition are poorly developed. This research investigated: (i) how forests affect downstream benthic macroinvertebrate communities in pasture and the environmental factors driving community change; (ii) how upstream forest size impacted the rate of change in downstream environmental drivers and associated macroinvertebrate community structure; and (iii) whether the addition of coarse particulate organic matter (a single potential driver of forest community structure) can reset community structure to that of a forested state. Physico-chemical conditions, basal energy resources, and macroinvertebrates were surveyed in several New Zealand headwater streams.
At Mount Egmont National Park, 10-12 sites were surveyed across a longitudinal forest-pasture gradient in each of five streams flowing from continuous forest to dairy farmland. My results showed that forests can have marked effects downstream. From the forest edge, water temperatures increased consistently, with a rise of approximately 0.2ºC per 100 m of downstream distance. By contrast, coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) decreased rapidly downstream of the forest, however, low levels of “forest-derived” CPOM were still present 300m downstream from the forest edge. These environmental changes drove significant shifts in macroinvertebrate community structure. Moreover, pasture communities were
markedly different from those in forest, despite being only 100 m from the forest edge. In particular, total macroinvertebrate and EPT richness and densities decreased,
and communities shifted from evenly distributed allochthonous-based communities to autochthonous-based communities, highly dominated by molluscs (e.g., Potamopyrgus spp.)
Subsequent surveys of 6-8 sites across a longitudinal forest-pasture gradient in each of eleven streams flowing from forest fragments of different sizes into grazed
pastures throughout the Canterbury region, indicated that stream temperature increased more rapidly downstream of small- and medium-sized fragments, than larger fragments. A Berger-Parker dominance index also indicated that macroinvertebrates responded principally to water temperature, with communities being more highly dominated by temperature-tolerant molluscs in streams flowing from small-sized forest fragments.
Several headwater streams in Canterbury were also highly retentive, with marked CPOM rarely exported beyond 50 m downstream of the forest. Experimental additions of leaf litter to the pasture reaches of the same streams dramatically increased amounts of stored benthic CPOM. Although non-significant, trends indicated that EPT and shredder densities increased at litter addition sites, providing promise that CPOM can function as a mechanism directly enhancing healthy stream communities. My findings support the contention that when the replanting of entire
stream reaches is infeasible, the use of riparian management strategies which focus on the planting of intermittent patches along stream banks can potentially improve stream habitat and community health downstream.
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Åkerblom, Nina. "Bioavailability of pesticides in freshwater sediments : the importance of sorption and uptake routes /." Uppsala : Department of Environmental Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200703.pdf.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Riparian organic matter"
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Chergui, Hassan, and Eric Pattee. "Flow and retention of particulate organic matter in riparian fluvial habitats under different climates." In Nutrient Dynamics and Retention in Land/Water Ecotones of Lowland, Temperate Lakes and Rivers, 137–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1602-2_16.
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"Strategies for Restoring River Ecosystems: Sources of Variability and Uncertainty in Natural and Managed Systems." In Strategies for Restoring River Ecosystems: Sources of Variability and Uncertainty in Natural and Managed Systems, edited by R. C. WISSMAR, J. H. BRAATNE, R. L. BESCHTA, and S. B. ROOD. American Fisheries Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569469.ch5.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Formulating effective restoration goals and strategies for riparian ecosystems requires knowledge of the sources of variability at local and broad landscape scales. We examine sources and influences of natural and human-induced variability in riparian ecosystems and discuss their implications for restoration actions and recovery. We recommend that the development of restoration strategies should apply landscape perspectives that emphasize the connectivity of riparian systems to associated terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Particularly important are processes that involve the exchange of surface–subsurface waters, sediments, organic matter, and organisms between riparian and other ecosystems. Furthermore, the development of strategies should be based on understanding how past natural disturbances and human alterations and uses alter the connectivity and processes of riverine habitats throughout a drainage. Historical or retrospective information increases our understanding of how riparian and aquatic ecosystems function and provides insights on how to conserve and restore these resources. Although many restoration initiatives strive to repair ecosystem damage caused by humans, more recent views maintain that restoration efforts should facilitate the self-sustaining occurrence of natural processes and linkages among riparian, terrestrial, and aquatic ecosystems. Three general restoration strategies are presented: conservation, passive restoration (riparian reserves and buffer zones), and active restoration (flow and floodplain manipulations, restoring cottonwood/willow communities, and reducing invasive and exotic plants). Regardless of the strategy employed, restoration objectives should recognize that different portions of a riparian system can exhibit an array of recovery patterns as well as failure scenarios. Thus, objectives and strategies should enable us to evaluate the success of restoration activities as well as possibilities for continued degradation.
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Oswood, Mark W., and Nicholas F. Hughes. "Running Waters of the Alaskan Boreal Forest." In Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154313.003.0015.
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Running waters reflect the character of their landscape. Landscapes influence their streams by supplying dissolved ions to the water, determining the organic matter supply to stream foodwebs, and influencing water temperature and water flows (Gregory et al. 1991, Hynes 1975). The water that feeds streams has passed over and through the vegetation, soils, and rocks of the valley. Just as urine carries the chemical imprint of metabolic activities (such as diabetes), the kinds and amounts of dissolved matter delivered to stream channels carry the signature of the valley’s parent materials and biota. Riparian (streamside) vegetation similarly regulates the balance of carbon sources to stream consumers. In valleys with sparse riparian vegetation, abundant light at the streambed allows in-stream primary production by protists and plants to dominate. Where riparian vegetation forms a canopy over the stream, leaves and needles from shrubs and trees dominate carbon supplies to consumers because low light limits contributions from in-stream primary producers (Vannote et al. 1980). Water temperature and flow are complexly determined by climatic controls (e.g., air and soil temperatures, patterns of precipitation), landscape physiography (e.g., shading of streams by valley walls), and the filter of lightabsorbing and water-transpiring riparian vegetation. Thus, streams in the desert biome of the American Southwest, with intermittent droughts and floods, high water temperatures, and abundant light, are very different habitats from the cool, dark waters of perennial streams in the temperate rain forest of the Pacific Northwest coast (Fisher 1995). Likewise, streams in the boreal forest of Alaska (and in the cold circumboreal forests of the world) take their cues from the landscape. Cold permeates the ecology of the boreal landscape and the running waters therein. The consequences of high-latitude climate on running waters are at least three: creation of ice in both terrestrial and running water systems; limited inputs of organic matter and nutrients to foodwebs; and thermal effects of low water temperatures on biological processes (Oswood 1997). For forested streams, a good case can be made for autumn as the beginning of the stream’s “fiscal” year. Autumnal leaf fall from riparian vegetation provides a major proportion of the annual energy budget to stream foodwebs.
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"Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems." In Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems, edited by Leandro E. Miranda. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874066.ch7.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Reservoir fishery managers have traditionally viewed reservoirs as stand-alone systems and emphasized in-lake management practices such as controlling selected fish populations, restraining and promoting harvest, and enhancing fish habitat. However, reservoirs do not always respond to in-lake approaches that ignore important factors operating outside the reservoir. I propose an expanded concept where reservoirs are viewed as parts of the landscape and influenced by tributaries, riparian zones, watersheds, and position in the river basin. The influence of tributaries over reservoir fish assemblages ranges from almost none in reservoirs positioned high in a basin where lacustrine fish assemblages prevail to a large effect in downstream reservoirs where riverine fish assemblages prevail. Many species inhabiting reservoirs typically require tributaries to complete their life cycle, or at least their abundance in the reservoir is enhanced by access to flowing water and upriver floodplain lakes. Riparian and buffer zones surrounding tributaries and the reservoir trap sediments and nutrients, reduce wind and associated wave action, provide bank stability and woody debris, and improve esthetics. Direct links between riparian zones and reservoir fish assemblages have received limited research attention, but evidence indicates that riparian plant debris enhances fish species richness, predator–prey interactions, and recruitment of selected species in the littoral zone. Imports from watersheds, including sediments, nutrients, and carbon from dissolved or particulate organic matter, interact to influence turbidity, water quality, primary production, and habitat quality. Fish assemblages are shaped by eutrophication, and organic detritus imported from highly disturbed watersheds may play a major role in promoting key detritivores. At the basin scale, abiotic characteristics, species richness, species and trophic composition, biomass, and population characteristics show longitudinal gradients along reservoir series. Basin-scale variables constrain the expression of processes at smaller scales but are seldom controllable, although an appreciation of basin patterns helps set limits for smaller-scale determinants and thereby management expectations. Extending the scale of reservoir management can enhance the manager’s ability to impact reservoir fish populations and assemblages and increase the effectiveness of traditional in-lake management measures. Nevertheless, reaching outside the reservoir through potentially segregated efforts of isolated managers may not be sustainable, especially if reservoir managers lack jurisdiction and training to reach beyond the reservoir shores. Thus, managers must participate in landscape-level partnerships to advocate landscape changes likely to benefit reservoir environments. Extending the scale of reservoir management does not mean that reservoir managers must become watershed managers, but simply that they should think about reservoirs as part of bigger systems and thereby network with those working upstream and in the watershed to advance reservoir issues.
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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Lucinda B. Johnson, George E. Host, Jennifer H. Olker, and Carl Richards. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch8.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Wood is an important component of small to medium-sized streams in forested regions, but has been poorly studied in agricultural areas. Our goals were to (1) characterize the abundance, size, and distribution of wood in low-gradient streams in two agricultural regions, (2) quantify the influence of reach- and landscape-scale factors on the abundance and distribution of wood in these streams, and (3) compare trends across two study areas. Wood abundance was quantified in stream reaches in two diverse agricultural regions of the Midwestern United States: central Michigan and southeastern Minnesota. Wood abundance was quantified in 71 stream reaches, and an array of channel, riparian zone, and landscape features were characterized. Multiple regressions were conducted to predict abundance from those explanatory variables. We found that large wood was relatively scarce in these low-gradient streams compared to low-gradient streams in forested regions. Mean log size was greater, but total abundance was lower in Minnesota than Michigan. In Minnesota, greatest wood abundance and greatest extent of accumulations were predicted in wide, shallow stream channels with high substrate heterogeneity and woody riparian vegetation overhanging the channel. Models were dominated by reach-scale variables. In Michigan, largest densities of wood and accumulations were associated with catchments in hilly regions containing urban centers, with low soil water capacity, wide, shallow stream channels, low coarse particular organic matter standing stocks, and woody riparian zones. Models contained both reach- and landscape-scale variables. Difference in the extent of agricultural and forest land use/cover between Michigan and Minnesota may explain the differences in the models predicting wood variables. Patterns in wood abundance and distribution in these Midwestern streams differ from those observed in high gradient regions, and in low-gradient streams within forested regions. This has important implications for ecosystem processes and management of headwater streams in agricultural regions.
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Maridet, L., M. Philippe, J. G. Wasson, and J. Mathieu. "Seasonal dynamics and storage of particulate organic matter within bed sediment of three streams with contrasted riparian vegetation and morphology." In Groundwater/Surface Water Ecotones, 68–74. Cambridge University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511753381.010.
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