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1
Hick, John L., Ralph J. Frascone, Katherine Grimm, Merle Hillman, Jayne Griffith, Michael Hogan, Rebecca Trotsky-Sirr, and Jane Braun. "Health and Medical Preparedness and Response to the 2008 Republican National Convention." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 3, no. 4 (December 2009): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181c5b4a8.
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ABSTRACTObjective: National security special events occur yearly in the United States. These events require comprehensive advance planning for health and medical contingencies in addition to law enforcement concerns. The planning for and impact of the Republican National Convention (RNC) on the City of St Paul and the Minneapolis–St Paul metropolitan area is described.Methods: Descriptive analysis of events was provided by the authors based on their planning and operational experiences. Daily data were gathered from area hospitals, emergency medical services agencies, the National Weather Service, federal medical teams, and the Minnesota Department of Health to capture the impact of the RNC on emergency department activity, nonemergency surgery, emergency medical services run volumes, patient visits to onsite and offsite medical clinics, and general hospital occupancy in the metropolitan area.Results: There were no epidemiological signal events. Weather was not extreme. Confrontations between protestors and law enforcement resulted in frequent use of riot-control agents. Protestors sought medical care from “street medics” and their affiliated free clinics in preference to usual medical facilities. Emergency departments close to the event venue reported decreased patient volumes. Hospitals close to the venue reported significantly decreased nonemergency surgical case volumes. Local hospitals implemented access controls and in 1 case, shut down ventilation systems due to riot-control agent deployment in the streets outside. Emergency medical services volumes were near average, with the exception of St Paul Fire Department on the day of a major protest march.Conclusions: Planning and operational response for the RNC consumed large amounts of time and resources. The RNC had minimal patient impact on the health care system and in fact caused significant volume decreases at hospitals proximate to the venue. Although contingencies available for a mass casualty event were not needed, they must continue to be available for all such events. Health and medical preparedness and funding is not adequately detailed in the planning framework for national security special events, and this should be a focus for future events. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3:224–232)
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Weiss, Robert P. "Private Detective Agencies and Labour Discipline in the United States, 1855–1946." Historical Journal 29, no. 1 (March 1986): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0001863x.
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As a professional and bureaucratically organized institution of social control, the police in the United States originated less than 150 years ago. Traditionally, this development has been explained as an inevitable response to a dramatic rise in felonious crime. According to this type of account, a criminal reaction was a natural by-product of such factors as urbanization, immigration, and industrialization. Other investigators have disputed this interpretation, arguing that there is little evidence to support the occurrence of a crime wave. Rather, the municipal police in America originated as part of a larger class control apparatus designed to regulate working class social and political activities, including ‘subversive’ speeches, strikes, riots, and daily breaches of the ‘public order’. Those who argue that the ‘new police’ developed as a crime fighter typically neglect to discuss one of the oldest forms of professional policing in die nation, the private detective agency.
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Oliver, Pamela. "Repression and Crime Control: Why Social Movement Scholars Should Pay Attention to Mass Incarceration as a Form of Repression." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.13.1.v264hx580h486641.
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The disciplinary insurgency that created the academic field of social movement studies distinguished dissent from crime. This dichotomy has led the field to ignore the relation between the repression of dissent and the control of "ordinary" crime. There was massive repression in the wake of the Black riots of the 1960s that did not abate when the riots abated. The acceleration of the mass incarceration of African Americans in the United States after 1980 suggests the possibility that crime control and especially the drug war have had the consequence of repressing dissent among the poor. Social movement scholars have failed to recognize these trends as repression because of the theoretical turn that built too strong a conceptual wall between crime and dissent. Revisiting this dichotomy is essential for understanding repression today.
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O. M., Zvenyhorodskyi. "VIOLENT PENITENTIARY CRIME AND ITS PREVENTION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2020, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2020.01.007.
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The article analyzes the manifestations of violent crime in places of imprisonment in some foreign countries (USA, Great Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Latin American countries). The violent penitentiary crime is a concentrated expression of the qualitative and quantitative state of all crime in the state and a manifestation of systemic problems that do not allow the effective prevention of crime in places of imprisonment. The mass riots of group disobedience occur in prisons in the United States, a number of Latin American countries (whose prison systems are in crisis), most of which are accompanied by hostage-taking and destruction of property. Different approaches to the prevention and elimination of mass riots in penitentiary institutions are considered. The experience of countries such as the United States, Brazil, Venezuela, El Salvador, and the Philippines has shown that the cessation of mass riots at any cost causes the death of both convicts and prison personnel. It is found that in the United States and Latin America, more important problem is the violent suppression of riots. Another approach is demonstrated by the penitentiary systems of European countries, where the emphasis is on the prevention of mass riots and other manifestations of violent penitentiary crime with the help of technical innovations. In particular, the penitentiary institutions of Great Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany have taken an approach according to which the convict`s behavior is directly dependent on the conditions of serving the sentence. In the penitentiary institutions of the Netherlands, one of the ways to prevent violent crime is the use of various technical innovations (video surveillance system, audio control, no bars, installation of armored windows, the possibility for convicts to use the Internet, etc.). It is the one of the directions of combating crime of convicts in places of imprisonment is the study of the positive experience of foreign countries in the field of prevention of violent crime, its critical analysis with the aim of introducing the penitentiary system. Key words: penitentiary system, violent crime, penitentiary crime, mass riots in penitentiary institutions, prevention of violent penitentiary crime.
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Hartman, Daniel A., Nicholas A. Bergren, Therese Kondash, William Schlatmann, Colleen T. Webb, and Rebekah C. Kading. "Susceptibility and barriers to infection of Colorado mosquitoes with Rift Valley fever virus." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 10 (October 25, 2021): e0009837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009837.
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Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes morbidity and mortality in humans and domestic ungulates in sub-Saharan Africa, Egypt, and the Arabian Peninsula. Mosquito vectors transmit RVFV between vertebrates by bite, and also vertically to produce infectious progeny. Arrival of RVFV into the United States by infected mosquitoes or humans could result in significant impacts on food security, human health, and wildlife health. Elucidation of the vectors involved in the post-introduction RVFV ecology is paramount to rapid implementation of vector control. We performed vector competence experiments in which field-collected mosquitoes were orally exposed to an epidemic strain of RVFV via infectious blood meals. We targeted floodwater Aedes species known to feed on cattle, and/or deer species (Aedes melanimon Dyar, Aedes increpitus Dyar, Aedes vexans [Meigen]). Two permanent-water-breeding species were targeted as well: Culiseta inornata (Williston) of unknown competence considering United States populations, and Culex tarsalis Coquillett as a control species for which transmission efficiency is known. We tested the potential for midgut infection, midgut escape (dissemination), ovarian infection (vertical transmission), and transmission by bite (infectious saliva). Tissues were assayed by plaque assay and RT-qPCR, to quantify infectious virus and confirm virus identity. Tissue infection data were analyzed using a within-host model under a Bayesian framework to determine the probabilities of infection outcomes (midgut-limited infection, disseminated infection, etc.) while estimating barriers to infection between tissues. Permanent-water-breeding mosquitoes (Cx. tarsalis and Cs. inornata) exhibited more efficient horizontal transmission, as well as potential for vertical transmission, which is contrary to the current assumptions of RVFV ecology. Barrier estimates trended higher for Aedes spp., suggesting systemic factors in the differences between these species and Cx. tarsalis and Cs. inornata. These data indicate higher potential for vertical transmission than previously appreciated, and support the consensus of RVFV transmission including a broad range of potential vectors.
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Gutfreund, Zevi. "Immigrant Education and Race: Alternative Approaches to “Americanization” in Los Angeles, 1910–1940." History of Education Quarterly 57, no. 1 (February 2017): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2016.1.
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This article explores citizenship's multiple meanings in Los Angeles by describing five different types of Americanization, or immigrant education, in the city of angels from 1910 to 1940. The federal racialization of access to citizenship influenced these alternative approaches to Americanization at a local level. In the context of Supreme Court rulings and federal laws that made it difficult for immigrants of color to naturalize in the United States during the Progressive Era, Anglo officials in the school district and settlement houses developed an English-only curriculum that benefited only European immigrants. In response to such restrictions, Mexican and Japanese educators in turn developed programs that showed how learning Spanish and Japanese made their children loyal Americans worthy of citizenship. In the decades before internment and the Zoot Suit Riots, language instruction was one of the few vehicles that allowed Mexican and Japanese Angelinos the opportunity to take control of their Americanization experiences despite the racialized constraints they faced.
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Niu, Tianchan, Holly D. Gaff, Yiannis E. Papelis, and David M. Hartley. "An Epidemiological Model of Rift Valley Fever with Spatial Dynamics." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/138757.
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As a category A agent in the Center for Disease Control bioterrorism list, Rift Valley fever (RVF) is considered a major threat to the United States (USA). Should the pathogen be intentionally or unintentionally introduced to the continental USA, there is tremendous potential for economic damages due to loss of livestock, trade restrictions, and subsequent food supply chain disruptions. We have incorporated the effects of space into a mathematical model of RVF in order to study the dynamics of the pathogen spread as affected by the movement of humans, livestock, and mosquitoes. The model accounts for the horizontal transmission of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) between two mosquito and one livestock species, and mother-to-offspring transmission of virus in one of the mosquito species. Space effects are introduced by dividing geographic space into smaller patches and considering the patch-to-patch movement of species. For each patch, a system of ordinary differential equations models fractions of populations susceptible to, incubating, infectious with, or immune to RVFV. The main contribution of this work is a methodology for analyzing the likelihood of pathogen establishment should an introduction occur into an area devoid of RVF. Examples are provided for general and specific cases to illustrate the methodology.
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Brighenti, Maura, Lucía Cavallero, Niccolò Cuppini, and Alejo Stark. "Introduction: The Global Riot." New Global Studies 14, no. 2 (July 13, 2020): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2020-0019.
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AbstractThe past few years have seen a number of “riots” – in Mexico City, Hong Kong, Chile, Ecuador, the United States, Argentina, France, the United Kingdom, and elsewhere. What do they have in common with one another and with other popular upheavals in history? How do they differ? What do they represent as sites of protest, resistance and rebellion? This forum explores the meaning of such riots through the meaning of the term itself, focusing mainly but not exclusively on the Global South, in theory and in the words and actions of rioters and the authorities who act to suppress them. If it is true the world has entered a “new age of riots,” citizens and scholars must begin to reach some conceptual clarity of what a global riot is, and seeks to become.
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Myers, Daniel. "Violent Protest and Heterogeneous Diffusion Processes: The Spread of U.S. Racial Rioting From 1964 to 1971." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 289–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.15.3.f16204108631474v.
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This analysis of the diffusion of racial rioting in the United States applies recently developed extensions of event history analysis to the spread of rioting from 1964 to 1971. Contrary to early analyses of riot diffusion, the results demonstrate that diffusion is a critical force behind the pattern of rioting. The analysis identifies several types of diffusion in the riot cycle, demonstrating that contagious influence from riots decays over time, is mitigated by geographic distance, and is conditional on riot severity. Methodologically, the analysis produces extensions of prior event-history diffusion models that facilitate their use with collective violence and protest data. for comments on earlier drafts, Gregg Carter for providing his riot data, and Victoria Myers for assistance locating and retrieving original data.
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Stark, Alejo. "Containing the Surplus Rebellion: Prison Strike/Prison Riot." New Global Studies 14, no. 2 (July 25, 2020): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2020-0015.
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AbstractThe 2016 and 2018 wave of prison strikes in the United States presents itself as an extraordinary flashpoint of the prisoner resistance movement. But how might these events be understood in relation to what has been broadly characterized as an “age of riots”? Following Joshua Clover’s characterization of the contemporary riot in Riot. Strike. Riot. as a “surplus rebellion” of racialized “surplus populations” and given the characterization of the contemporary carceral state as a warehouse to contain such racialized populations, this essay characterizes the contemporary wave of prison riots accordingly as a “surplus rebellion.” More specifically, it focuses on the Kinross prison strike-riot that broke out in September 2016 in Michigan’s Kinross prison in order to derive some general parallels between the surplus rebellion and the singularity of recent prison strikes.
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Wu, Xiaoyu, Zhun Zhao, Jinxi Zhao, Tian Xie, and Zihang Jason Huang. "A Study on the Correlation Between Third-wave Feminism and the Riot Grrrl Movement in the 1990s in the United States by Analyzing Bikini Kill and Bratmobile." Communications in Humanities Research 7, no. 1 (October 31, 2023): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/7/20230811.
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The main goal of this paper is to dive into the 1990s and try to understand the interrelation between third-wave feminism and the musical and political movement, Riot Grrrl, through careful analysis of two representative bands of the movement. With the understanding established, the paper would then try to analyze the reasons why the movement was ephemeral. Bikini Kill and Bratmobile, two specific bands symbolic of the Riot Grrrl movement would be investigated to appreciate the values of the movement with an analysis of their songs lyrics and live performances. Another close look at the mainstream media as well as male rock stars and listeners would be taken with the hope of gaining specific insights into the reasons and steps for the rapid decline of the movement. The result of the study shows a complex relationship between the Riot Grrrl movement and third-wave feminism that happened around the same period, in which neither one was fully dependent on the other and both promoted the improvement of the other. The ephemeral existence of the Riot Grrrl movement was also a direct cause of the young activists, weary of misinterpreted publicity, choosing their results not by their own will, but due to pressure from public media. In the intercorrelation of third-wave feminism and the Riot Grrrl movement, both movements affected each other in a way that feminism provided the foundation for which Riot Grrrl movement and Riot Grrrl reversely provided strength and intensity third-wave feminism with its distinct features of directness as well as auditory and visual violence. Despite similarities between the two, the Riot Grrrl movement eventually diverges away from third-wave feminism, withering away from history due to criticism that resulted in Riot Grrrls rejection of the mainstream criticism and misrepresentation of their images while leaving remnants of their rebellious spirit and distinct music that people today still are affected by.
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Trystanto, Trystanto. "Small Governing Coalition in Hong Kong and its Impact on Political Freedom." Jurnal Sentris 4, no. 1 (June 16, 2023): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i1.6346.46-60.
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Hong Kong has seen an upheaval in recent years. From the protests over the extradition law to the protests over the National Security Law, these protests are a response to the ever-encroaching hand of Beijing on political rights in Hong Kong. After the National Security Law was implemented, Hong Kong’s freedom was almost gone. One by one, pro-democracy protesters, opposition parliament members, and opposition media are being targeted and repressed. Despite the numerous protests and riots, the Hong Kong SAR government perseveres with little concession to the protesters. Why does the government of Hong Kong decided not to respect Hong Kong’s unique democratic system in China, arguably the system that has brought Hong Kong to one of the most prominent cities in the world for global interactions, and instead wish to turn it into another normal Chinese city? Why does the Hong Kong SAR government almost completely ignore the voice of the Hong Kong people? Using the framework developed by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Alastair Smith in The Dictator’s Handbook, I argue that the small size of Hong Kong’s governing coalition (i.e., the minimum amount of support required for the leader to stay in power) and the ease in which the Chief Executive of Hong Kong rewards her allies play a significant role in this democratic backsliding. Furthermore, while the Western World reacted in outrage over this undemocratic encroachment of Beijing on Hong Kong, I argue that their sanctions on Hong Kong leaders will not play a significant role as the Chief Executive of Hong Kong does not need their support. Keywords: Hong Kong; democracy; protests; governing coalition;sanctions REFERENCES Allison, Graham. Destined for War: Can America and China Escape the Thucydides’s Trap? New York: Houghton Miflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2017. Associated Press. “Only Hand-Picked Pro-Beijing ‘Patriots’ Get to Vote for Committee That Will Choose Hong Kong’s next Government.” The Globe and Mail, September 19, 2021. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-hong-kong-voters-to-choose-new-election committee-under-pro-beijing/. BBC News. “North Koreans Vote in ‘No-Choice’ Parliamentary Elections.” BBC News, March 10, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47492747. Bloomberg News. “Xi Finalizes Hong Kong Election Changes, Cementing China Control.” Bloomberg, March 30, 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03- 30/china-to-form-small-group-to-vet-hong-kong-elections-scmp-says. Candice Chau. “Hong Kong Democratic Party May Breach Security Law If It Tells Members Not to Run in Election, Warns Pro-Beijing Figure.” Hong Kong Free Press, September 6, 2021. https://hongkongfp.com/2021/09/06/hong-kong-democratic-party-may-breach-security-law if-it-tells-members-not-to-run-in-election-warns-pro-beijing-figure/. CBS News. “Hong Kong Protesters Arrested as Trump Vows to Act ‘Powerfully’ against China.” www.cbsnews.com, May 27, 2020. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hong-kong-protesters arrested-riot-police-china-2020-05-27/. Chen, Jiawen. “Why Economic Sanctions on North Korea Fail to Work?” China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 03, no. 04 (January 2017): 513–34. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2377740017500300. Cox, Gary. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World’s Electoral Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Drezner, Daniel W. “The United States of Sanctions: The Use and Abuse of Economic Coercion.” Foreign Affairs 100, no. 5 (2021): 142–54. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-08-24/united-states-sanctions. Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office, and Export Control Joint Unit. “UK Arms Embargo on Mainland China and Hong Kong.” GOV.UK, December 31, 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-arms-embargo-on-mainland-china-and-hong kong. Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. “Government Structure.” GovHK, September 2021. https://www.gov.hk/en/about/govdirectory/govstructure.htm. Grant, Charles. “Russia, China, and Global Governance.” London: Centre for European Reform, 2012. https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Grant_CER_Eng.pdf. Grundy, Tom. “‘Highly Necessary’: Beijing to Discuss Enacting National Security Law in Hong Kong Following Months of Protest.” Hong Kong Free Press, May 21, 2020. https://hongkongfp.com/2020/05/21/breaking-beijing-to-discuss-enacting-national-security law-in-hong-kong-following-months-of-protest/. Hathaway, Oona A, and Scott J Shapiro. The Internationalists: How a Radical Plan to Outlaw War Remade the World. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2017. Kirby, Jen. “Pro-Democracy Candidates Dominate Hong Kong’s Local Elections in a Rebuke to China.” Vox, November 25, 2019. https://www.vox.com/2019/11/25/20981691/hong-kong district-council-elections-pro-democracy. Kuo, Lily, and Verna Yu. “Hong Kong Protests: Carrie Lam Denies Offering to Resign.” The Guardian, September 3, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/03/hong-kong protests-carrie-lam-denies-she-considered-resigning. Leung, Christy. “Extradition Bill Not Made to Measure for Mainland China and Won’t Be Abandoned, Hong Kong Leader Carrie Lam Says.” South China Morning Post, April 2019. https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3004067/extradition-bill-not-made measure-mainland-china-and-wont. Lo, Chloe. “Hong Kong Leader’s Approval Rating Falls to Lowest since Sept.” Bloomberg, February 17, 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-17/hong-kong-leader-s approval-rating-falls-to-lowest-since-sept. Low, Zoe. “What Sparked Hong Kong’s Biggest Mass Arrests under National Security Law?” South China Morning Post, January 6, 2021. https://www.scmp.com/news/hong kong/politics/article/3116586/hong-kong-national-security-law-35-plus-ambition-colour. Mahbubani, Kishore, and Jeffery Sng. The ASEAN Miracle: A Catalyst for Peace. Singapore: National University of Singapore Press, 2017. Mahbubani, Kishore. Has China Won? The Chinese Challenge to American Primacy. New York: PublicAffairs, 2020. Mahtani, Shibani, Tiffany Liang, Anna Kam, and Simon Denyer. “Hong Kong’s Pro-Democracy Parties Sweeping Pro-Beijing Establishment aside in Local Elections.” The Washington Post, March 30,2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200330160031/https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Record-turnout-in-Hong-Kong-election-seen-as-a-14858897.php. Mesquita, Bruce Bueno de, and Alastair Smith. The Dictator’s Handbook : Why Bad Behavior Is Almost Always Good Politics. New York: Public Affairs, 2012. Olorunnipa, Toluse. “As Trump Puts Partisan Spin on Federal Aid for States, Republicans and Democrats Warn of Coming Financial Calamity.” Washington Post, April 27, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/as-trump-puts-partisan-spin-on-federal-aid-for states-republicans-and-democrats-warn-of-coming-financial-calamity/2020/04/27/a542f19e 889a-11ea-8ac1-bfb250876b7a_story.html. Registration and Electoral Office of the Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. “REO : Who May Register / How to Register - Functional Constituencies.” Reo.gov.hk. Accessed October 19, 2021. https://www.reo.gov.hk/en/voter/FC.htm. Reuters. “U.S. Condemns ‘Unjustified Use of Force’ in Hong Kong: Senior Official.” Reuters, November 18, 2019, sec. Emerging Markets. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong protests-usa-idUSKBN1XS06A. ———. “U.S. Condemns China’s New Security Law for Hong Kong, Threatens Further Actions.” Reuters, June 30, 2020, sec. APAC. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china hongkong-security-usa-idUSKBN2412N9. Roantree, Anne Marie, Greg Torode, and James Pomfret. “Special Report: Hong Kong Leader Says She Would ‘Quit’ If She Could, Fears Her Ability to Resolve Crisis Now ‘Very Limited.’” Reuters, September 3, 2019. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong protests-carrielam-specialre-idUSKCN1VN1DU. Sanjaya, Trystanto. “Analyzing the ‘Democracy vs. Autocracy’ Advocacy of the Biden Administration in the Upcoming US-China Great Power Competition from the Perspective of National Interest .” Tamkang Journal of International Affairs 26, no. 4 (2023): 47–98. Subcommittee on Decision of the National People's Congress on Improving the Electoral System of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Amended Annex I and Annex II to Basic Law, LC Paper No. CB(4)703/20-21(01) § (2021). https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr20- 21/english/hc/sub_com/hs102/papers/hs10220210331cb4-703-1-e.pdf. Tong, Kurt. “Hong Kong and the Limits of Decoupling.” Foreign Affairs, July 26, 2021. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/asia/2021-07-14/hong-kong-and-limits-decoupling. United Nations Treaty Collection, Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong, Vol. 1399, (New York, 1994), 62 United States Department of the Treasury. “Treasury Sanctions Individuals for Undermining Hong Kong’s Autonomy | U.S. Department of the Treasury.” home.treasury.gov, August 7, 2020. https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1088. Weeks, Jessica L.P. Dictators at War and Peace. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014. Xinhua. “Hong Kong Must Be Governed by Patriots.” Global TImes, November 12, 2020. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1206580.shtml. 香港中联办. “中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法附件二香港特别行政区立法会的产生办法和表 决程序.” Hong Kong Liaison Office, March 30, 2021. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/h6q6yzNwNXuJZ55bx98lFQ.
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Lockard, Roget. ""Self-Will Run Riot"." Janus Head 6, no. 2 (2003): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh2003622.
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This paper proposes that the major national/cultural states of consciousness in the world today are characterized by an addictive epistemology — the corruption of will into willfulness. The essence of addiction is seen to reside in the issue of control While World War II had a singularly "intoxicating" effect on the world's consciousness, the war in Vietnam was an occasion when this consciousness "hit bottom." The hitting bottom event is not a function of objective circumstances, but of consciousness; of the subjective interpretation and experience of phenomena. To resolve this addictive consciousness we need to learn, as individuals and en masse, to surrender control and accept responsibility. Because addiction, and its resolution, hinge on transformations of the experience of self, wefind that questions regarding the nature of selfhood and identity once considered philosophical recreations have become urgently pragmatic.
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Sion, Brad D., Fred M. Phillips, Gary J. Axen, J. Bruce J. Harrison, David W. Love, and Matthew J. Zimmerer. "Chronology of terraces in the Rio Grande rift, Socorro basin, New Mexico: Implications for terrace formation." Geosphere 16, no. 6 (October 6, 2020): 1457–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02220.1.
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Abstract The Rio Grande rift hosts a remarkable record of Quaternary river incision preserved in an alluvial terrace sequence that has been studied for more than a century. However, our understanding of Rio Grande incision history in central New Mexico since the end of basin filling ca. 0.78 Ma remains hampered by poor age control. Robust correlations among Rio Grande terrace sequences in central and southern New Mexico are lacking, making it difficult to address important process-related questions about terrace formation in continental-scale river systems. We present new age controls using a combination of 40Ar/39Ar, 36Cl surface-exposure, and 14C dating techniques from alluvial deposits in the central New Mexico Socorro area to document the late Quaternary incision history of the Rio Grande. These new age controls (1) provide constraints to establish a firm foundation for Socorro basin terrace stratigraphy, (2) allow terrace correlations within the rift basin, and (3) enable testing of alternative models of terrace formation. We identified and mapped a high geomorphic surface interpreted to represent the end of basin filling in the Socorro area and five distinct, post–Santa Fe Group (ca. 0.78 Ma) alloformations and associated geomorphic surfaces using photogrammetric methods, soil characterization, and stratigraphic descriptions. Terrace deposits exhibit tread heights up to 70 m above the valley floor and are 5 to >30 m thick. Their fills generally have pebble-to-cobble bases overlain by fine-to-pebbly sand and local thin silt and clay tops. Alluvial-fan terraces and associated geomorphic surfaces grade to former valley levels defined by axial terrace treads. Carbon-14 ages from detrital charcoal above and below a buried tributary terrace tread show that the most recent aggradation event persisted until ca. 3 ka during the transition from glacial to modern climate conditions. Drill-log data show widespread valley fill ∼30 m thick that began aggrading after glacial retreat in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado (ca. 14 ka). Aggradation during this transition was likely due to hillslope destabilization, increased sediment yield, decreased runoff, and reduced stream competence. Chlorine-36 ages imply similar controls on earlier terraces that have surface ages of ca. 27–29, 64–70, and 135 ka, and suggest net incision during glacial expansions when increased runoff favored down-cutting and bedload mobilization. Our terrace chronology supports existing climate-response models of arid environments and links tributary responses to the axial Rio Grande system throughout the central Rio Grande rift. The terrace chronology also reflects a transition from modest (60 m/m.y.) to rapid (300 m/m.y.) incision between 610 and 135 ka, similar to patterns observed throughout the Rio Grande rift and the western United States in general.
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Wilson, William C., Bonto Faburay, Jessie D. Trujillo, Izabela Ragan, Sun-Young Sunwoo, Igor Morozov, Vinay Shivanna, et al. "Preliminary Evaluation of a Recombinant Rift Valley Fever Virus Glycoprotein Subunit Vaccine Providing Full Protection against Heterologous Virulent Challenge in Cattle." Vaccines 9, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070748.
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Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes periodic outbreaks of abortion in ruminant species and hemorrhagic disease in humans in sub-Saharan Africa. These outbreaks have a significant impact on veterinary and public health. Its introduction to the Arabian Peninsula in 2003 raised concerns of further spread of this transboundary pathogen to non-endemic areas. These concerns are supported by the presence of competent vectors in many non-endemic countries. There is no licensed RVF vaccine available for humans and only a conditionally licensed veterinary vaccine available in the United States. Currently employed modified live attenuated virus vaccines in endemic countries lack the ability for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Previously, the efficacy of a recombinant subunit vaccine based on the RVFV Gn and Gc glycoproteins, derived from the 1977 human RVFV isolate ZH548, was demonstrated in sheep. In the current study, cattle were vaccinated subcutaneously with the Gn only, or Gn and Gc combined, with either one or two doses of the vaccine and then subjected to heterologous virus challenge with the virulent Kenya-128B-15 RVFV strain, isolated from Aedes mosquitoes in 2006. The elicited immune responses by some vaccine formulations (one or two vaccinations) conferred complete protection from RVF within 35 days after the first vaccination. Vaccines given 35 days prior to RVFV challenge prevented viremia, fever and RVFV-associated histopathological lesions. This study indicates that a recombinant RVFV glycoprotein-based subunit vaccine platform is able to prevent and control RVFV infections in target animals.
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Rush, Kayla. "Riot grrrls and shredder bros: Punk ethics, social justice and (un)popular popular music at School of Rock." Journal of Popular Music Education 00, no. 00 (September 14, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jpme_00054_1.
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This article presents a case study of riot grrrl music in a School of Rock franchise in the Midwestern United States. It presents the school as a place in which gender is bound up in specific notions of what it is to play rock music, notions that directly inform what constitutes popular popular music within this context. The article examines the Riot Grrrl project using frame analysis, presenting and discussing three frames through which riot grrrl was taught: as music, punk ethics and social justice. It examines a case of frame conflict as played out in a disagreement between the programme’s two male instructors. It suggests that multi-frame approaches to popular music teaching, including clashes that may arise from conflicting frames, are effective in disrupting the musical-cultural status quo and in creating spaces in which students may productively and empathetically encounter the unpopular popular music of marginalized musical ‘Others’.
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Lynn, Denise. "Native Fascism: Evansville’s 1948 Wallace Riot." Indiana Magazine of History 119, no. 3 (September 2023): 233–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/indimagahist.119.3.02.
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ABSTRACT: In April 1948, Progressive Party presidential candidate Henry A. Wallace arrived in Indiana to much controversy. The conservative state did not welcome Wallace, and veterans’ organizations actively organized to disrupt his speaking engagements. On April 6, at the Progressive Party’s Evansville campaign event, a mob attacked Wallace supporters, causing injuries and pushing the isolated town into the national spotlight. In the wake of the riot, a local professor was fired for his involvement in the Wallace campaign, and the radical CIO Local 813 became the subject of U. S. House committee hearings. Anticommunist hysteria gripped the Evansville community. What happened in Evansville on April 6 was part of a populist fascism in the United States propelled by anti-communism and enacted by veterans’ organizations. While national politicians dominate histories of anti-communism, some of the greatest damage done during the 1940s and 1950s occurred when other Americans, specifically veterans’ groups, violated the constitutional rights of their fellow citizens.
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Lynn, Denise. "Native Fascism: Evansville’s 1948 Wallace Riot." Indiana Magazine of History 119, no. 3 (September 2023): 233–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/imh.2023.a905288.
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ABSTRACT: In April 1948, Progressive Party presidential candidate Henry A. Wallace arrived in Indiana to much controversy. The conservative state did not welcome Wallace, and veterans’ organizations actively organized to disrupt his speaking engagements. On April 6, at the Progressive Party’s Evansville campaign event, a mob attacked Wallace supporters, causing injuries and pushing the isolated town into the national spotlight. In the wake of the riot, a local professor was fired for his involvement in the Wallace campaign, and the radical CIO Local 813 became the subject of U. S. House committee hearings. Anticommunist hysteria gripped the Evansville community. What happened in Evansville on April 6 was part of a populist fascism in the United States propelled by anti-communism and enacted by veterans’ organizations. While national politicians dominate histories of anti-communism, some of the greatest damage done during the 1940s and 1950s occurred when other Americans, specifically veterans’ groups, violated the constitutional rights of their fellow citizens.
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Levinson, Sanford. "Confronting the Modern Executive: Four Perspectives." Perspectives on Politics 20, no. 2 (June 2022): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592722000585.
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It is no secret that political power in the United States and elsewhere has, overall, shifted to “the executive” and away from legislatures. There may be debate about whether this is a product of willful “overreaching” by executives or whether, within the United States, Congress has instead willingly ceded power by engaging in what Justice Cardozo in 1935 called “delegation run riot.” The concern about executive power has perhaps become heightened in the aftermath of the Trump presidency—just as Boris Johnson, with his own defiance of some of the “conventions” that are essential to the British constitutional order, is provoking debate in Great Britain.
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Kostakos, Giorgios, A. J. R. Groom, Sally Morphet, and Paul Taylor. "Britain and the new UN agenda: towards global riot control?" Review of International Studies 17, no. 1 (January 1991): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500112343.
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The fading away of the Cold War has allegedly shifted the attention of the Western members of the United Nations, as demonstrated by General Assembly speeches, towards issues like the environment, drugs and terrorism. The new issues moving towards the top of the international security agenda are more elusive than the traditional Peace- and War-related ones; nobody has control of a ‘button’ regarding these issues. An overall assessment of the situation shows that there is a great variety of actors involved, both governmental and non-governmental. It is also increasingly recognized that the East has similar interests to the West. As a result, the East–West divide is being bridged to a significant extent, while the North–South divide is being defined in new ways.
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Miller, Jeffery G. "United States Pollution Control Laws." Pace Environmental Law Review 13, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.58948/0738-6206.1407.
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Manzhos, Yaroslava. "Sociolinguistic Variation of English Legal Terms Denoting Disturbance of the Peace." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu Serìâ Fìlologìâ 14, no. 25 (2021): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2021-14-25-211-219.
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The article focuses on the use of English legal terms denoting disturbance of the peace. The lexico-semantic group of these terms includes 228 elements. Nine of them are used on the whole territory of the United States (breach of the peace, disturbance of the peace, unlawful assembly, rout, riot, hooliganism, police riot, prison riot, student riot) and are defined as general terms. The rest of the terms (219) are used only on the territory of one state or on the territory of several states at the same time. These terms make up the majority of English legal terms denoting disturbance of the peace, and are referred to as regional terms. They appeared due to the ability of different states to create their own laws and due to the American common law system, which relies on court precedents as a source of law. One more reason for their appearance was the difference in the historical development of legal systems on the territories of different states. Regional terms denoting disturbance of the peace are divided into criminally specific and verbally specific. The group of criminally specific regional terms includes those that have no counterparts with the same meaning among general or other regional terms. These criminally specific regional terms are subdivided into those used only on the territory of one state and those used on the territory of several states. There are 142 criminally specific terms used only on the territory of one state and 5 criminally specific terms used on the territory of several states. The second group of regional terms includes verbally specific terms which have the same meaning as other general or regional terms denoting disturbance of the peace. Verbally specific terms are subdivided into those that have counterparts among terms used on the whole territory of the USA and those that have counterparts among other regional terms. There are 14 verbally specific terms that have counterparts among those used on the whole territory of the USA and 58 ones that have counterparts among other regional terms. Criminally specific terms used on the territory of only one state make up the majority of the terms in the lexico-semantic group of English legal terms denoting disturbance of the peace due to extra linguistic factors, which include the specific nature of the US law and the change in the knowledge about different kinds of disturbance of the peace in different US states.
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Nasirudin, Didin. "Unveiling The Discourse of Fraud in The United States Presidential Election 202020 with Normal Fairclough Critical Discourse Analysis." Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 9, no. 5 (May 30, 2024): 3329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v9i5.15230.
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The political rise of Donald Trump in the United States was unprecedented, characterized by his deviation from traditional political norms and his use of divisive rhetoric against minorities, Muslims, China, and immigrants. Trump's strategy of galvanizing conservative white Evangelicals led to his unexpected victory in the 2016 presidential election. During his 2020 reelection campaign, Trump employed similar tactics; however, his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting economic downturn eroded his support compared to his Democratic rival, Joe Biden. Anticipating electoral defeat, Trump preemptively alleged widespread electoral fraud, specifically targeting mail-in voting policies. After losing the election, with an electoral count of 232 to Biden's 306, Trump continued to claim the election was "rigged," asserting voter fraud via Twitter. Despite numerous court dismissals of these claims, a significant portion of the Republican base accepted Trump's narrative, which culminated in the January 6 Capitol riot intended to obstruct the certification of Biden's victory. This study aims to analyze the impact of Trump's rhetoric on his supporters' beliefs and actions. The research employs qualitative methods, including content analysis of Trump's tweets and media coverage, alongside quantitative analysis of public opinion polls, to examine the correlation between Trump's fraud claims and the Capitol riot. The findings indicate a strong influence of Trump's rhetoric on his supporters, underscoring the profound effect of political discourse on public perception and behavior. The conclusion highlights the critical need for responsible political communication to uphold democratic integrity.
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RICE, MARK. "Transnational Business and US Diplomacy in Late Nineteenth-Century South America: W. R. Grace & Co. and the Chilean Crises of 1891." Journal of Latin American Studies 44, no. 4 (November 2012): 765–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x12000818.
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AbstractThe final decades of the nineteenth century were marked by diplomatic confrontations between Chile and the United States. In 1891 the killing of US Navy sailors in a riot in Valparaíso threatened to provoke armed conflict, an event known as the Baltimore Crisis. This article investigates how William Russell Grace, the head of a merchant firm based in New York, played a central role in negotiating between Chile and the United States. By placing his activities in a transnational framework, Grace responded to the demands of multiple nation-states in the Americas. Observing changes in Grace's transnational economic infrastructure can help to identify larger long-term shifts in diplomacy and power on South America's Pacific coast in the late nineteenth century, especially Chile's emergence as a regional hegemon. The actions of Grace also raise larger questions regarding the power of business in the Americas in the late nineteenth century, especially with regard to growing US interests in the region.
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Mauser, Gary A. "Gun control in the United States." Criminal Law Forum 3, no. 1 (1992): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01095763.
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Monteiro do Nascimento Silva, Patrick. "Performance, estilo e gênero no 'rolê' riot grrrl do Rio de Janeiro." Latitude 12, no. 2 (October 13, 2019): 136–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.28998/lte.2018.n.2.5152.
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Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa etnográfica de três anos com um grupo de meninas do riot grrrldo Rio de Janeiro, que culminou também na dissertação de mestrado do autor. O trabalho traz um breve histórico da construção do riot grrrlenquanto movimento nos anos 1990 nos Estados Unidos e sua chegada ao Brasil. O texto traz uma reflexão sobre as relações entre “estilo” e “gênero” no contexto do riot grrrl,assim, aborda como o estilo é construído coletivamente, tendo o gênero um papel importante nesta construção. O gênero, no entanto, não é a única dimensão trazida pelas interlocutoras ao discutir o movimento, existem propostas de renovação de pautas para a manutenção de um “viés revolucionário” do estilo, que abrangem um debate sobre raça, sexualidade, corpo, entre outros, através de um olhar do feminismo interseccional. A base para a análise trazida no artigo são as falas em entrevista, a participação em rodas de conversas e em eventos com shows, bem como outros dados obtidos durante a pesquisa.Palavras-chave:Riot Grrrl. Gênero. Feminismo. Interseccionalidade. AbstractThis article is a result from a research that have last three years with a group of riot grrrls at Rio de Janeiro, which resulted as well in the autor’s master’s dissertation. The paper brings a brief history of the riot grrrl movement’s creation in the 1990s in the United States and its arrival in Brazil. The text brings a reflection about the relations between “style” and “gender” in the context of riot grrrl, therefore, it approaches how style is constructed collectively, while gender having an important role in this construction. The gender, nevertheless, is not the only dimension brought by the research’s interlocutors when discussing about the movement, there are propositions of renewal of agenda through a “revolutionary alignment” of the style, which englobes a debate about race, sexuality and body, among others, through the intersectional feminism point of view. The base for the analysis brought in the article are the talks in the interviews, the participation in group debates and festivals, as well as other data obtained during the research. Key-words:Riot Grrrl. Gender. Feminism. Intersectionality.
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Potts, Malcolm. "Birth Control Methods in the United States." Family Planning Perspectives 20, no. 6 (November 1988): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2135485.
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Caldwell, Lawrence T. "United States–Soviet Relations and Arms Control." Current History 86, no. 522 (October 1, 1987): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1987.86.522.305.
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Conlon, Joseph. "Control of Mosquitoes in the United States." Outlooks on Pest Management 22, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/22feb08.
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Rubin, George. "The United States Centers for Disease Control." New South Wales Public Health Bulletin 3, no. 8 (1992): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/nb92045.
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Griffith, David E. "The United States and Worldwide Tuberculosis Control." Chest 113, no. 6 (June 1998): 1434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.113.6.1434.
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Boylan, Michael, Don B. Kates, Ronald W. Lindsey, and Zbigniew Gugala. "Debate: Gun Control in the United States." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® 471, no. 12 (September 25, 2013): 3934–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11999-013-3300-4.
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Gunstone, Frank D. "The United States." Lipid Technology 20, no. 1 (January 2008): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lite.200700095.
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Kusumadewi, Hemalia. "Questioning the Kantian Propositions: Explaining the Role of the United States as Democratic Peace Model in 21st Century." Global Focus 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jgf.2023.003.02.6.
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Theorizing and manifesting peace through democracy has always been connected with Kantian propositions, making a country's attempt in realizing those two not to be separated with Kantian theories also. The United States of America has been self-proclaimed as a ‘role model and promoter of democracy and peace’. To some extent this might be true, as its foreign policy key objective includes ‘promoting democracy and advocating human rights. However, the ‘role model’ also translates as an entity that needs to be ‘the best’, yet the 2021 Capital Riot reflects otherwise. This paper proposes the Kantian Peace Triangle as the framework to do the work, by breaking-down US’s policy and activities particularly in the Post-Cold War period. The paper uses qualitative approach and literature review method in the research. This paper argues that the US has not been able to reach the ‘ideal’ essence as a ‘role model of democracy and peace’ in the global order, and that this role has become mostly irrelevant in the 21st century world
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Wolfsthal, Jon Brook. "Why Arms Control?" Daedalus 149, no. 2 (April 2020): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01792.
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America survived the nuclear age through a complex combination of diplomatic and military decisions, and a good deal of luck. One of the tools that proved its value in both reducing the risks of nuclear use and setting rules for the ongoing nuclear competition were negotiated, legally binding, and verified arms control agreements. Such pacts between the United States and the Soviet Union arguably prevented the nuclear arms racing from getting worse and helped both sides climb off the Cold War nuclear precipice. Several important agreements remain in place between the United States and Russia, to the benefit of both states. Arms control is under threat, however, from domestic forces in the United States and from Russian actions that range from treaty violations to the broader weaponization of risk. But arms control can and should play a useful role in reducing the risk of nuclear war and forging a new agreement between Moscow and Washington on the new rules of the nuclear road.
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Hogan, Karen M., and Gerard T. Olson. "Governance and corporate control in the United States." Corporate Law and Governance Review 3, no. 2 (2021): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/clgrv3i2p4.
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This paper provides an overview of business entities in the United States. We analyze current trends in the ownership structures of U.S. firms, diversity and inclusion, mergers and acquisitions, minority shareholder rights protections, and review the literature related to corporate ownership and financial performance. With the shift in the U.S. from defined benefit pension plans to defined contribution plans and a desire for increased corporate governance, we observe a significant increase in the financial assets under management by large institutional investors. It is believed these large institutional investors can have a significant impact on the governance, decision-making, and performance of the U.S. publicly traded firms. We observe an increasing trend in foreign indirect investment in the U.S. from countries in Europe, Asia and the Pacific Rim, North and South America, the Middle East, and Africa. Additionally, increased compensation of publicly traded firms’ top executives is shown, which has resulted in an increased disparity between the compensation of top management teams and the firms’ hourly employees. Lastly, we expect the suggested bias against women and other minorities, as evidenced here, will be lessened in the future and should result in improved financial performance for firms
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Vogel, Dita. "Migration Control in Germany and the United States." International Migration Review 34, no. 2 (2000): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2675907.
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Stevenson, W. R. "LATE BLIGHT CONTROL STRATEGIES IN THE UNITED STATES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 834 (June 2009): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.834.8.
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Rosen, David, D. H. Habeck, F. D. Bennett, and J. H. Frank. "Classical Biological Control in the Southern United States." Florida Entomologist 74, no. 1 (March 1991): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3495262.
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Plotkin, Stanley A., and Sheldon L. Kaplan. "Meningococcal Control in the United States and Africa." Journal of Infectious Diseases 193, no. 6 (March 15, 2006): 754–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/500513.
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Hogben, Matthew, and Melissa A. Habel. "Moving Toward Chlamydia Control in the United States." Journal of Women's Health 19, no. 6 (June 2010): 1055–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2010.2007.
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Vogel, Dita. "Migration Control in Germany and the United States." International Migration Review 34, no. 2 (June 2000): 390–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791830003400202.
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Stanislas, Perry. "Book Review: Gun Control in the United States." International Review of Victimology 15, no. 1 (January 2008): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800801500106.
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Mason, John. "Salmonella enteritidis control programs in the United States." International Journal of Food Microbiology 21, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(94)90208-9.
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Tobin, Kerri. "Control of Teacher Certification in the United States." Peabody Journal of Education 87, no. 4 (September 2012): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0161956x.2012.705150.
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York, Nancy L. "Tobacco Use and Control in the United States." Nursing Clinics of North America 47, no. 1 (March 2012): xiii—xiv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2011.10.012.
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Bollyky, Thomas J., and Lawrence O. Gostin. "The United States' Engagement in Global Tobacco Control." JAMA 304, no. 23 (December 15, 2010): 2637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.1842.
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Hourrigan, James L. "The scrapie control program in the United States." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196, no. 10 (May 15, 1990): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1990.196.10.1679.
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Burns, Tammy L., Jilyan A. Ruckman, Hua Ling, Shavonne M. Washington-Krauth, Daniel E. Hilleman, and Syed M. Mohiuddin. "Current State of United States Tobacco Control Initiatives." World Medical & Health Policy 5, no. 3 (September 2013): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wmh3.57.
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Winthrop, Rob. "The Real World: After Seattle: Trade and Culture." Practicing Anthropology 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.22.2.98304087v4qw1682.
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Last December's World Trade Organization (WTO) meeting in Seattle—intended to inaugurate a "millennium round" of trade negotiations—had all the hallmarks of good theater. Prime coverage went to the spectacle in the streets: tens of thousands of demonstrators, window-smashing anarchists, an urban center paralyzed, police in riot gear, tear gas in abundance, and trade delegates milling about in frustration, unable to reach their conference hall. Inside the meeting disagreement was almost as strong, though more polite. In all likelihood the Seattle talks would have collapsed with or without the scenes in the streets. But the huge crowds outside the conference hall—bringing together an unlikely coalition of green, radical, religious, and labor groups—helped ensure that once-obscure questions of trade policy became issues of public concern both in the United States and abroad.