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Journal articles on the topic 'Ring'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 March 2023

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1

Seirafi, Marjan, Jean-Francois Trempe, Veronique Sauve, Guennadi Kozlov, Marie Menade, Bhushan Nagar, and kalle Gehring. "Structure of parkin reveals the mechanism of autoinhibition." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331409161x.

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Mutations in the gene park2 that codes for a RING-In-Between-RING (RBR) E3 ubiquitin ligase are responsible for an autosomal recessive form of Parkinson's disease (PD). Compared to other ubiquitin ligases, the parkin protein exhibits low basal activity and requires activation both in vitro and in cells. Parkin is a 465-residue E3 ubiquitin ligase promoting mitophagy of damaged mitochondria. Parkin has two RING motifs RING1 and RING2 linked by a cysteine- rich in-between-RING (IBR) motif, a recently identified zinc-coordinating motif termed RING0, and an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (Ubl). It is believed that parkin may function as a RING/HECT hybrid, where ubiquitin is first transferred by the E2 enzyme onto parkin active cysteine and then to the substrate. Here, we report the crystal structure of full-length parkin at low resolution. This structure shows parkin in an auto-inhibited state and provides insight into how it is activated. In the structure RING0 occludes the ubiquitin acceptor site Cys431 in RING2 whereas a novel repressor element of parkin (REP) binds RING1 and blocks its E2-binding site. The ubiquitin-like domain (Ubl) binds adjacent to the REP through the hydrophobic surface centered around Ile44 and regulate parkin activity. Mutagenesis and NMR titrations verified interactions observed in the crystal. We also proposed the putative E2 binding site on RING1 and confirmed it by mutagenesis and NMR titrations. Importantly, mutations that disrupt these inhibitory interactions activate parkin both in vitro and in cells. The structure of the E3-ubiquitin ligase provides insights into how pathological mutations affect the protein integrity. Current work is directed towards obtaining high-resolution structure of full-length parkin in complex with E2 and substrates. The results will lead to new therapeutic strategies for treating and ultimately preventing PD.

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2

Yeston, J. "Ring of Rings." Science 331, no. 6023 (March 17, 2011): 1366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.331.6023.1366-c.

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3

Sauvé, Véronique, and Kalle Gehring. "Deciphering the activation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314091633.

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Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for some autosomal recessive forms of Parkinson's disease. Even though parkin is a RING-type E3 ligase, it uses a hybrid RING/HECT mechanism for its activity. The crystal structures of full-length and the RING0-RING1-In-Between-RING-RING2 module of parkin reveal a conformation of parkin in which its E2 binding site is too far from its catalytic cysteine for the transfer of ubiquitin [1]. Many intramolecular interactions occur between the different RING domains, as well as with a repressor element, which, with RING0, are unique to parkin. Mutations of residues involved in those interactions lead to an increase of parkin activity. This suggests that parkin adopts an auto-inhibited state in basal conditions. Therefore, under stress-response conditions, parkin needs to undergo molecular rearrangements, modulated by post-translational modification and/or interactions with other proteins, to become active. The phosphorylation of serine 65 in the Ubl domain of parkin by Pink1, a kinase also found mutated in some Parkinson's patient, was shown to increase the activity of parkin. Recent publications have demonstrated that ubiquitin is also phosphorylated by Pink1 and, furthermore, that phosphorylated ubiquitin could activate parkin [2,3]. We have used different techniques of structural biology and protein-protein interactions to further characterize the interaction of phosphorylated ubiquitin with parkin. This work provides insight into the mechanism of activation of parkin and that causes Parkinson's disease.

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4

Korsunsky, Boris. "Ring, Ring, Ring…(A4)." Physics Teacher 43, no. 4 (April 2005): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1888094.

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5

Lewis, Kathleen, and Christine Olah. "Ring! Ring!" AJN, American Journal of Nursing 109 (November 2009): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000362017.62752.60.

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6

AY, Yasin, İbrahim KARA, Hüseyin ANASIZ, Cemalettin AYDIN, Cengiz KÖKSAL, Nuray KAHRAMAN AY, and H. Mete ALP. "Results of De Vega Annuloplasty and Tricuspid Ring Annuloplasty Using by Mitral Annuloplasty Ring in the Treatment of Functional Tricuspid Insufficiency." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 32, no. 5 (2012): 1354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2011-28008.

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7

Zelenin, K. N., and V. V. Alekseev. "Ring-ring tautomerism." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 28, no. 6 (June 1992): 708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00529339.

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8

Farrell, W. M., W. S. Kurth, D. A. Gurnett, A. M. Persoon, and R. J. MacDowall. "Saturn's rings and associated ring plasma cavity: Evidence for slow ring erosion." Icarus 292 (August 2017): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2017.03.022.

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9

Al-Ezeh, H. "Two properties of the power series ring." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 11, no. 1 (1988): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171288000031.

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For a commutative ring with unity,A, it is proved that the power series ringA〚X〛is a PF-ring if and only if for any two countable subsetsSandTofAsuch thatS⫅annA(T), there existsc∈annA(T)such thatbc=bfor allb∈S. Also it is proved that a power series ringA〚X〛is a PP-ring if and only ifAis a PP-ring in which every increasing chain of idempotents inAhas a supremum which is an idempotent.

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10

Singh, Surjeet. "Over-rings of an (HNP)-ring." Colloquium Mathematicum 50, no. 1 (1985): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/cm-50-1-53-60.

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11

Paudel, Lokendra, and Simplice Tchamna. "Kronecker function rings of ring extensions." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 17, no. 02 (January 23, 2018): 1850021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498818500214.

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The classical Kronecker function ring construction associates to a domain [Formula: see text] a Bézout domain. Let [Formula: see text] be a subring of a ring [Formula: see text], and let ⋆ be a star operation on the extension [Formula: see text]. In their book [Manis Valuations and Prüfer Extensions II, Lectures Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 2103 (Springer, Cham, 2014)], Knebusch and Kaiser develop a more general construction of the Kronecker function ring of [Formula: see text] with respect to ⋆. We characterize in several ways, under relatively mild assumption on [Formula: see text], the Kronecker function ring as defined by Knebusch and Kaiser. In particular, we focus on the case where [Formula: see text] is a flat epimorphic extension or a Prüfer extension.

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12

Jung, Da Woon, Tai Keun Kwak, Min Jung Lee, and Yang Lee. "Ring properties related to symmetric rings." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 24, no. 07 (November 2014): 935–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196714500428.

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The study of symmetric rings has important roles in ring theory and module theory. We investigate the structure of ring properties related to symmetric rings and introduce H-symmetric and π-symmetric as generalizations. We construct a non-symmetric reversible ring whose basic structure is infinite-dimensional, comparing with the finite-dimensional such rings of Anderson, Camillo and Marks. The structure of π-reversible rings (with or without identity) of minimal order is completely investigated. The properties of zero-dividing polynomials over IFP rings are studied more to show that polynomial rings over symmetric rings are π-symmetric. It is also proved that all conditions in relation with our arguments in this paper are equivalent for regular or locally finite rings.

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13

Van Thuyet, Le. "On ring extensions of FSG rings." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 49, no. 3 (June 1994): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700016476.

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A ring R is called right FSG if every finitely generated right R-subgenerator is a generator. In this note we consider the question of when a ring extension of a given right FSG ring is right FSG and the converse. As a consequence we obtain some results about right FSG group rings.

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14

Piesch, Martin, Michael Seidl, Markus Stubenhofer, and Manfred Scheer. "Ring Expansions of Nonpolar Polyphosphorus Rings." Chemistry – A European Journal 25, no. 25 (April 11, 2019): 6311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201901149.

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15

Carboni, Graciela, Jorge A. Guccione, and Juan J. Guccione. "Cohomology ring of differential operator rings." Journal of Algebra 339, no. 1 (August 2011): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2011.05.017.

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16

Xie, Guangming, Shigeru Kobayashi, Hidetoshi Marubayashi, Nicolea Popescu, and Constantin Vraciu. "Noncommutative Valuation Rings of the Quotient Artinian Ring of a Skew Polynomial Ring." Algebras and Representation Theory 8, no. 1 (March 2005): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10468-004-5766-y.

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17

Mekei, A. "Varieties of Associative Rings Containing a Finite Ring that is Nonrepresentable by a Matrix Ring Over a Commutative Ring." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 213, no. 2 (January 19, 2016): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10958-016-2714-4.

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18

de Pater, I. "New Dust Belts of Uranus: One Ring, Two Ring, Red Ring, Blue Ring." Science 312, no. 5770 (April 7, 2006): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1125110.

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19

Birkenmeier, Gary F., Jin Yong Kim, and Jae Keol Park. "Quasi-Baer ring extensions and biregrular rings." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 61, no. 1 (February 2000): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700022000.

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A ring R with unity is called a (quasi-) Baer ring if the left annihilator of every (left ideal) nonempty subset of R is generated (as a left ideal) by an idempotent. Armendariz has shown that if R is a reduced PI-ring whose centre is Baer, then R is Baer. We generalise his result by considering the broader question: when does the (quasi-) Baer condition extend to a ring from a subring? Also it is well known that a regular ring is Baer if and only if its lattice of principal right ideals is complete. Analogously, we prove that a biregular ring is quasi-Baer if and only if its lattice of principal ideals is complete.

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20

Dugas, Manfred, Jutta Hausen, and Johnny A. Johnson. "Rings whose additive endomorphisms are ring endomorphisms." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 45, no. 1 (February 1992): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700037047.

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A ring R is said to be an AE-ring if every endomorphism of its additive group R+ is a ring endomorphism. Clearly, the zero ring on any abelian group is an AE-ring. In a recent article, Birkenmeier and Heatherly characterised the so-called standard AE-lings, that is, the non-trivial AE-rings whose maximal 2-subgroup is a direct summand. The present article demonstrates the existence of non-standard AE-rings. Four questions posed by Birkenmeier and Heatherly are answered in the negative.

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21

Dobbs, David. "On minimal ring extensions of finite rings." Gulf Journal of Mathematics 12, no. 2 (March 6, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56947/gjom.v12i2.677.

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Two conditions, (i) and (ii), are defined, that may hold for a given (unital) ring extension R ⊂ S of (unital, associative, not necessarily commutative) finite rings. It is shown that if S is commutative, then ``"either (i) or (ii)” is a necessary and sufficient condition for R ⊂ S to be a minimal ring extension; and that for such extensions, (i) and (ii) are logically independent. For extensions with S (finite and) noncommutative, "either (i) or (ii)” is neither necessary nor sufficient for R ⊂ S to be a minimal ring extension; and for such minimal ring extensions, (i) and (ii) are logically independent. Next, let R ⊂ Sj be minimal ring extensions with Sj (finite and) commutative (for j=1,2) and R local. Then: S1 and S2 are the same type (that is, ramified, decomposed or inert) of minimal extension of R ↔ |Z(S_1)|=|Z(S_2)| ↔ |U(S_1)|=|U(S_2)|.

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22

Alhevaz, A., and A. Moussavi. "On Monoid Rings Over Nil Armendariz Ring." Communications in Algebra 42, no. 1 (October 18, 2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927872.2012.657382.

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23

Couchot, François. "Gaussian Trivial Ring Extensions and FQP-rings." Communications in Algebra 43, no. 7 (June 4, 2015): 2863–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927872.2014.907414.

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24

Ratcliff, Blair N. "Imaging rings in Ring Imaging Cherenkov counters." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 502, no. 1 (April 2003): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(03)00276-6.

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25

Birkenmeier, Gary, and Henry Heatherly. "Rings whose additive endomorphisms are ring endomorphisms." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 42, no. 1 (August 1990): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700028252.

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A ring R is said to be an AE-ring if every additive endomorphism is a ring endomorphism. In this paper further steps are made toward solving Sullivan's Problem of characterising these rings. The classification of AE-rings with. R3 ≠ 0 is completed. Complete characterisations are given for AE-rings which are either: (i) subdirectly irreducible, (ii) algebras over fields, or (iii) additively indecomposable. Substantial progress is made in classifying AE-rings which are mixed – the last open case – by imposing various finiteness conditions (chain conditions on special ideals, height restricting conditions). Several open questions are posed.

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26

Maxson, C. J., and A. P. J. Van Der Walt. "Centralizer near-rings over free ring modules." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics 50, no. 2 (April 1991): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700032754.

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AbstractWe treat centralizer near-rings over ring modules in general, with particular emphasis on the case of free modules. Questions like the following are answered. When is the near-ring a nonring? When is the near-ring simple? What are its maximal and minimal left ideals? What is its subgroup structure? What is the radical? The cases where the ring concerned is a PID or a field are treated in some detail.

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27

Cojuhari, E. P., and B. J. Gardner. "Skew ring extensions and generalized monoid rings." Acta Mathematica Hungarica 154, no. 2 (January 22, 2018): 343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10474-018-0787-x.

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28

Ochoa, Gustavo. "Outer plethysm, burnside ring and β-rings." Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 55, no. 1-2 (November 1988): 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4049(88)90044-8.

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29

Persulessy, Elvinus R., and Abdul H. Mahmud. "RING PRIMA DAN RING SEMIPRIMA." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol7iss1pp1-4.

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Penelitian ini berfokus pada pelabelan super anti-ajaib dari graf planar tipe Akan ditunjukkan bahwa suatu kelas dari graf planar yang didefinisikan menggunakan graf lengkap dan suatu kelas dari graf planar yang didefinisikan menggunakan graf bipartit lengkap adalah dan super anti-ajaib dengan keadaan tertentu.

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30

Abdurrazzaq, Achmad, Ari Wardayani, and Suroto Suroto. "RING MATRIKS ATAS RING KOMUTATIF." Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika 7, no. 1 (June 26, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jmp.2015.7.1.2895.

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This paper discusses a matrices over a commutative ring. A matrices over commutative rings is a matrices whose entries are the elements of the commutative ring. We investigates the structure of the set of the matrices over the commutative ring. We obtain that the set of the matrices over the commutative ring equipped with an addition and a multiplication operation of matrices is a ring with a unit element.

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31

Riemensberger, Johann. "Ring a ring o’ pulses." Nature Physics 16, no. 7 (June 18, 2020): 708–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-0945-2.

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32

ZELENIN, K. N., and V. V. ALEKSEEV. "ChemInform Abstract: Ring-Ring Tautomerism." ChemInform 24, no. 22 (August 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199322329.

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33

Chiu, Sheng-Hsien, Anthony R. Pease, J. Fraser Stoddart, Andrew J. P. White, and David J. Williams. "A Ring-in-Ring Complex." Angewandte Chemie 114, no. 2 (January 18, 2002): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3757(20020118)114:2<280::aid-ange280>3.0.co;2-q.

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34

Chakraborty, Uday Shankar, and Krishnendu Das. "On Nil-Symmetric Rings." Journal of Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/483784.

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The concept of nil-symmetric rings has been introduced as a generalization of symmetric rings and a particular case of nil-semicommutative rings. A ringRis called right (left) nil-symmetric if, fora,b,c∈R, wherea,bare nilpotent elements,abc=0 (cab=0)impliesacb=0. A ring is called nil-symmetric if it is both right and left nil-symmetric. It has been shown that the polynomial ring over a nil-symmetric ring may not be a right or a left nil-symmetric ring. Further, it is also proved that ifRis right (left) nil-symmetric, then the polynomial ringR[x]is a nil-Armendariz ring.

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35

M, Sabbah, Trad D, Bellil N, Jouini R, Ouakaa A, Elloumi H, Bibani N, Gargouri D, and Bellil N. "Signet Ring Cell Neuroendocrine Tumor." Journal of Surgical Case Reports and Images 2, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1897/009.

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A 63 years old woman with history of diabetes and hypertension, presented for bone pain. Pelvic X Ray showed multiple osteoconsensant lesions of the iliac wings, the sacrum and the femurs (figure 1). CT scan objectified multiple hepatic metastases with a laterorectal mass (figure 2). Colonoscopy showed aspect of extrinsic compression. Endoscopic ultrasound objectified a rectal mucosal lesion of 5x3,5 centimeters appearing in contact with the prostate (figure 3). Histologically, hepatic biopsy confirmed a tumor proliferation that was made of two architectural aspects independent cells, and trabeculolobular classical endocrine architecture with expression of synaptophysin on immunochemistry

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36

Pellissier, Hélène. "The Use of Domino Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Rings." Synthesis 52, no. 24 (July 22, 2020): 3837–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707905.

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This short review highlights the recent developments reported in the last four years on the asymmetric construction of chiral rings based on enantioselective domino reactions promoted by chiral metal catalysts.1 Introduction2 Formation of One Ring Containing One Nitrogen Atom3 Formation of One Ring Containing One Oxygen/Sulfur Atom4 Formation of One Ring Containing Several Heterocyclic Atoms5 Formation of One Carbon Ring6 Formation of Two Rings7 Conclusion

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37

Menal, P., and P. Vámos. "Pure ring extensions and self FP-injective rings." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 105, no. 3 (May 1989): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004100077811.

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In this paper we investigate the following problem: is a ring R right self FP-injective if it has the property that it is pure, as a right R-module, in every ring extension? The answer is ‘almost always’; for example it is ‘yes’ when R is an algebra over a field or its additive group has no torsion. A counter-example is provided to show that the answer is ‘no’ in general. Rings which are pure in all ring extensions were studied by Sabbagh in [4] where it is pointed out that existentially closed rings have this property. Therefore every ring embeds in such a ring. We will show that the weaker notion of being weakly linearly existentially closed is equivalent to self FP-injectivity. As a consequence we obtain that any ring embeds in a self FP-injective ring.

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38

Evgenii L., Bashkirov, and Pekönür Esra. "On matrix Lie rings over a commutative ring that contain the special linear Lie ring." Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae 57, no. 1 (April 13, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/1213-7243.2015.144.

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39

LIDOV, DEBORA. "RING." Yale Review 107, no. 3 (2019): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tyr.2019.0006.

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40

Nickel, Barbara. "Ring." Prairie Schooner 81, no. 1 (2007): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2007.0083.

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41

LIDOV, DEBORA. "RING." Yale Review 107, no. 3 (July 2019): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/yrev.13531.

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42

Wilkinson, J. C. "Quotient rings, chain conditions and injective ring endomorphisms." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 31, no. 2 (May 1989): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089500007709.

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In this paper, the situation we shall be concerned with is that of a ring R, with a ring monomorphism α: R → R, which will not be assumed to be surjective.Much work has been done on the skew polynomial ring R[x, α] and the skew Laurent polynomial ring R[x, x-1, α], where α is an automorphism—see [3] for example. However, the fact that α is not surjective renders the study of these objects much more difficult.

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43

Savithri, M. P., M. Suresh, R. Raghunathan, R. Raja, and A. SubbiahPandi. "Crystal structure of methyl 7-phenyl-6a,7,7a,8,9,10-hexahydro-6H,11aH-thiochromeno[3,4-b]pyrrolizine-6a-carboxylate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 8 (July 31, 2015): o627—o628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015014024.

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In the title compound, C22H23NO2S, the inner pyrrolidine ring (A) adopts an envelope conformation with the methine C atom opposite the fused C—N bond as the flap. The thiopyran ring (C) has a half-chair conformation and its mean plane is inclined to the fused benzene ring by 1.74 (11)°, and by 60.52 (11)° to the mean plane of pyrrolidine ringA. In the outer pyrrolidine ring (B), the C atom opposite the fused C—N bond is disordered [site-occupancy ratio = 0.427 (13):0.573 (13)] and both rings have envelope conformations, with the disordered C atom as the flap. The planes of the phenyl ring and the benzene ring of the thiochromane unit are inclined to one another by 65.52 (14)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by a pair of C—H...O hydrogen bonds forming inversion dimers.

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44

Jagtap, Sunaina. "SOS Ring: Save Your Soul Ring." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 1518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45498.

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Abstract: In today's date, women face physical harassment in public places, schools and at workplaces or while traveling. Most cases of physical harassment take place when women are alone or while traveling.[8] Women safety has been a big concern and it has been the most important duty of every person. Women feel insecure to step outside their house.[8] Many of us make their possible efforts to stop such problem but, they faced some issue. There are so many applications and devices are built to prevent women from assault but unfortunately it is not much enough. There are many android applications for Smartphone's but for those who don't use Smartphone's or those who cannot keep their mobile handy at their workplace;[8] this proposed system will be helpful. The system suggests a smart wearable device for security which contains different modules such as GSM, GPS. The proposed system helps women in emergency situation by activating the modules on clicking the switch and provides emergency self-defense

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45

Zelenin, Kirill N., Valery V. Alekseyev, Petr B. Terentiev, Olga B. Kuznetsova, Vitaly V. Lashin, Vladimir V. Ovcharenko, Vladimir V. Torocheshnikov, Lyudmila A. Khorseyeva, and Alexander A. Sorokin. "Ring–Ring Tautomerism of Aldohexose Thiocarbohydrazones." Mendeleev Communications 3, no. 4 (January 1993): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/mc1993v003n04abeh000273.

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46

Feng, Hua Yu, Feng Luo, Raul Arenal, Luc Henrard, Fernando García, Gaspar Armelles, and Alfonso Cebollada. "Active magnetoplasmonic split-ring/ring nanoantennas." Nanoscale 9, no. 1 (2017): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nr07864h.

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Anusooya, Y., Aparna Chakrabarti, Swapan K. Pati, and S. Ramasesha. "Ring currents in condensed ring systems." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 70, no. 3 (1998): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-461x(1998)70:3<503::aid-qua6>3.0.co;2-y.

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Martinez, J. "The maximal ring of quotientf-ring." Algebra Universalis 33, no. 3 (September 1995): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01190704.

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Lamkin, Sarah, and Holly F. Pohler. "Ring Ring…“Hello, Drug and Poison”." Journal of Emergency Nursing 33, no. 5 (October 2007): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2007.06.010.

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Forgan, Ross S., Cheng Wang, Douglas C. Friedman, Jason M. Spruell, Charlotte L. Stern, Amy A. Sarjeant, Dennis Cao, and J. Fraser Stoddart. "Donor-Acceptor Ring-in-Ring Complexes." Chemistry - A European Journal 18, no. 1 (December 12, 2011): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201102919.

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