Academic literature on the topic 'Right of pasture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Right of pasture"
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Green, B. T., K. D. Welch, J. W. Keele, T. G. McDaneld, and J. A. Pfister. "1767 Resistance to toxic plants: The right animal at the right time in the right pasture." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (October 1, 2016): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-1767.
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Ho, C. K. M., D. P. Armstrong, L. R. Malcolm, and P. T. Doyle. "Evaluating options for irrigated dairy farm systems in northern Victoria when irrigation water availability decreases and price increases." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 9 (2007): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06313.
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A case study and spreadsheet modelling approach was used to examine options for two dairy farms in northern Victoria that would enable them to maintain profit, or ameliorate a decline in profit, under changes in irrigation water availability and price. Farm 1 obtained 43% of estimated metabolisable energy requirements for the milking herd from supplements, had a predominantly spring-calving herd, and used mainly owner/operator labour. Farm 2 obtained 54% of estimated metabolisable energy requirements for the milking herd from supplementary feeds, had a split-calving herd, and used owner/operator and employed labour. When long-term allocation of irrigation water declined from 160% to 100% water right (WR), the ‘base farm’ system for both farms was maintained by purchasing temporary water. At a water price of $35/ML and allocation of 160% WR, the operating profit of Farms 1 and 2 was AU$52 000 and $315 000, respectively. This declined to $30 000 and $253 000 at a water availability of 100% WR. In response to changes in water availability and/or price, Farm 1 could purchase more supplements (a mix of grain and fodder) or replace some irrigated perennial pasture with irrigated annual pasture. Purchasing more supplements was not as profitable as buying irrigation water on the temporary market in the long term. At an irrigation water allocation of 130% WR, a water price of $35/ML and assumed response to extra supplement of 1.4 L milk/kg, operating profit was $24 000 compared with $44 000 when the base farm system was maintained by purchasing temporary water. At an allocation of 100% WR, increased supplement use was not profitable as a long-term option, unless exceptionally high responses in milk production to extra supplement were achieved. For this farm, converting an area of perennial pasture to annual pasture slightly increased operating profit compared with maintaining the base farm system when water availability decreased or price increased. The options analysed for Farm 2 involved converting some of the irrigated annual pasture to perennial pasture and, associated with this, additional options of reducing the area of maize grown or reducing the amount of nitrogen fertiliser applied to perennial pasture. Farm 2 had already implemented significant farm system changes to deal with reduced irrigation water availability in recent years, including increased supplementary feeding and growing annual pastures and maize. Hence, the options analysed for Farm 2 focused more on whether less significant changes would be more profitable. Converting 16 ha of annual pasture to perennial pasture, and growing 2.2 ha less maize appeared to be marginally more profitable than both the base farm system and the option of reducing nitrogen fertiliser use on the perennial pasture (operating profit $295 000 v. $291 000 or $292 000 at a water allocation of 130% WR and price of $35/ML). Reductions in irrigation water availability or increases in water price would need to be substantial to make the option of growing more perennial pasture and less maize unattractive. While the maize and annual pasture dry matter yield per megalitre of water were higher than for perennial pasture, the costs associated with harvesting, storing and feeding maize and annual pasture meant they were unlikely to be more profitable than a productive perennial pasture.
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Costa, Carolina Marques, Ana Beatriz Graciano da Costa, Gustavo de Farias Theodoro, Gelson dos Santos Difante, Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel, Juliana Caroline Santos Santana, Francisco Carlos Camargo, and Emizael Menezes de Almeida. "The 4R management for nitrogen fertilization in tropical forage: A review." NOVEMBER 2020, no. 14(11):2020 (November 10, 2020): 1834–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.11.p2646.
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Most of the tropical soils that are intended for pastures are degraded or are at a certain stage of degradation. In this context, the use of nitrogen fertilization increases the quantity as well as the quality of the fodder produced and also accelerates growth, tillering, leaf production, and consequently, expansion of the aerial region and the root system. The present review of the literature aims to determine how the control of the source, location, time, and the application of a right dose of nitrogen fertilizer influences and benefits the entire ecosystem in tropical pastures with the correct use of 4R management, along with increasing the forage yields in these areas. The results showed that in tropical pastures, the recommended N dose varies with the cultivar used and the expected forage production and ranges from 50 to 500 kg N ha–1 year–1, irrespective of division in grazing cycles, with distribution in the entire pasture area
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Ekumankama, O. O. "MANAGING NATURAL PASTURE FOR SMALL RUMINANTS: THE CASE OF ALLEY FARMING IN IKWUANO AREA OF ABIA STATE." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 26 (March 11, 2021): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v26i1.3031.
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Natural pasture for small ruminants must be sustained, enhanced, and where it has been diminished or destroy, restored, if animal production must contribute meaningfully to national food security. In Eastern Nigeria, farming system, such as bush fallow, are generally based on shifting cultivation. Unfortunately, agricultural lands are relatively scarce, thereby resulting to shortened fallow periods and thus, widespread diminishing and destruction of natural pasture. The urgency of managing deficient and scarce natural pasture in this environment is widely recognized. Not only is this essential for small ruminants’ feeding, but a dynamic animal sector is a key to achieving food security. The paper argues therefore, that alley farming is the right approach to managing deficient and scarce natural pasture, since it is the most promising alternative to traditional slash-and-burn shifting cultivation. Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State was used as the study area. The results show that there is a pressing need for alley farming promotion. Small holders’ access to this technology would aid in revolutionizing animal production in Nigeria. This paper advocates for policies that will incorporate alley farming into production recommendations transferred to small farmers.
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Avetov, N. A., A. G. Koptelov, N. I. Lozbenev, D. A. Solovyov, and E. A. Shishkonakova. "Ecological and agricultural assessment of the state of forage lands of boreal river floodplains in the oil-producing region (case study in the floodplain of the Kolva River, Usinsky district, Komi Republic)." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 118 (March 25, 2024): 188–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2024-118-188-230.
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Floodplain forage lands of the Pechora basin (Usinsky district of the Komi Republic) are experiencing a complex anthropogenic impact associated with both agricultural activity and pollution with petroleum products coming with flood waters. An ecological and agricultural assessment of the soil-vegetation cover of the Kolva floodplain used as hayfield (right-bank part) and pasture (left-bank part) was carried out. Soil combinations of the main part of the surveyed floodplain include alluvial sod, sod-meadow and meadow soils. Morphological signs of gley formation in meadow soils are observed in the lower part of the soil profile and are expressed moderately. Soils are characterized generally by favorable agrochemical and morphological properties, with the exception of areas subjected to pasture digression. The vegetation cover of the central and near-river part of the floodplain massif of the right bank is mainly represented by legume-cereal-grass communities formed both in inter-ridge depressions and on flat ridges. On the high floodplain of the left bank, legume-cereal-grass meadows, grass-clover and tufted hairgrass meadows are common, horsetail–butterbur, clover-cereal and cereal communities are common in the near-river part of the left bank. Despite the relatively high productivity and the presence of valuable forage species of cereals and legumes, the qualitative characteristics of hay deviate from optimal ones due to the participation of low-nutritious, unattractive, weedy and poisonous species in the herbage. On the pasture, as a result of pasture digression, there is a decrease in species diversity with the dominance of tufted hairgrass and low-value species of various grasses. In the most disturbed areas, the total projective vegetation coverage is reduced to 50%. The soil cover of the studied territory of the Kolva floodplain is currently not contaminated with hydrocarbons, with the exception of a few spots of petroleum products with a total area of 6 m2. The effect of oil pollution on the vegetation cover of the Kolva floodplain is not manifested. Background values of the content of petroleum products in soils are slightly higher in the left-bank part compared to the right-bank part.
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Filatova, S., and O. Sergeeva. "Plant potential and ecological and economic suitability of reindeer pastures on the right bank of the Norilsk River." Genetics and breeding of animals, no. 1 (May 18, 2023): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-1-65-74.
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Purpose: identification of plant potential, ecological and economic suitability of deer pastures of the forest-tundra zone located in the zone of anthropogenic influenceMaterial and methods. Ground geobotanical survey of the vegetation cover of deer pastures was carried out by route method in accordance with the method of geobotanical studies. The ecological and economic value of each type of pasture was determined based on the data of the ecological and economic classification of deer pastures in the north.Results. 25 species of reindeer pastures are described on the right bank of the Norilsk River in the northwestern part of the Putorana Plateau. On the basis of signs of uniformity in the structure of vegetation (proximity of species composition, similarity of vertical and horizontal structures), they are combined into 4 types: tundra, swamps, shrubs and light forests. Tundra (30.9%) and shrub (27.6%) types of pastures dominate. The most important feature is the active participation in the structure of phytocenoses of shrubs (Betula nana s. str, Salix glauca s. str, S. lanata s. str.) and shrubs (Ledum palustre. Vaccinium uliginosum s. str, V. vitis-idaea s. str.). Green fodder is most nutritious in the first half of summer. The nutritional value of fruticose lichens does not change during the year. Reindeer pastures with lichen cover and high (from 5 to 12 o-days/ha) reindeer capacity during the snowy period occupy insignificant (24.3%) areas. Basically, these are willow and dwarf dwarf shrub-lichen tundras and larch sparse forests of dwarf-shrub moss-lichen. The participation of lichens in the ground cover of plant communities does not exceed 25–35%. The following lichen species have been recorded: Cladonia arbuscula, C. stellaris, C. rangiferina, C. cornuta, C. deformis, C. mitis, Cetraria cucullata, and C. islandica. The most widespread species of the genus Cetraria: Cetraria islandica and C. cucullata, with a clear advantage of the latter. The main forage species of the genus Cladonia (Cladonia arbuscula, C. stellaris, C. rangiferina) are not widely distributed. Pastures with a high (from 9 o-days/ha to 14 o-days/ha) reindeer capacity in the summer, early autumn and late spring periods prevail in the study area. Basically, these are communities of shrub and marsh types. Shrubs (Salix glauca s. str, S. lanata s. str., S. hastata, Betula nana s. str.), shrubs (Salix reticulata, Vaccinium vitis-idaea s. str.) and forbs (species of the genera Petasites, Pedicularis, Astragalus, Hedysarum, Equisetum, Bistorta).
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Williams, Gordon Terrell. "Cost-effective landscape revegetation and restoration of a grazing property on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales: 65 years of change and adaptation at ‘Eastlake'." Rangeland Journal 39, no. 6 (2017): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj17110.
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This paper describes the restoration of woody vegetation on my family’s grazing property, ‘Eastlake’ (1202 ha) on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. We commenced revegetating ‘Eastlake’ in 1981 to reverse the loss of native tree cover due to New England dieback and improve shelter for livestock and pastures to increase farm profitability. We treated the revegetation program as a long-term business investment and, apart from a 5-year period of overseas employment, have allocated annual funding in the farm business plan ever since. Our decision was based on the benefits of shelter to livestock and pasture production. Once we began revegetation, aesthetics, amenity and the positive impact on the capital value of the farm became important motivations. More recently, increasing the farm’s biodiversity and resilience, and conserving native flora and fauna, have also motivated us. Our strategy is to link upland areas of remnant timber with ridgeline corridors of planted vegetation to maximise shelter, minimise pasture production losses and provide dispersal corridors for fauna and wildlife habitat. Initially, we planted introduced species of tree and shrub, but now we revegetate mainly with native species, as well as fencing off remnant timber to encourage natural regeneration and direct seeding understorey species (mainly acacias) in degraded remnants and elsewhere. Our target is to increase the area of fenced-off and planted timber cover from 8% to 10% over the next few years, which will take the proportion of total effective timber cover from ~8% in 1980 to 18% of the property. The key lessons are to: (1) plan, prepare, plant the right tree or shrub in the right place for the right purpose, and post-planting care (the ‘4 Ps’); (2) integrate revegetation into the whole-farm business plan; (3) finance the work slowly over time with the aid of a spatial farm plan; and (4) adapt to changing circumstances, values and understanding. Research is required to help farmers understand the role of on-farm biodiversity in contributing to the health of the farm business, owner–managers and their families and the farm environment, as well as to regional economies, communities, landscapes and society more generally.
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Ostermann, D. Kelly, Amalesh Dhar, and M. Anne Naeth. "Native and Dryland Pasture Seed Mixes Impact Revegetation 12 Years after Pipeline Construction in Southern Alberta." Land 12, no. 4 (April 20, 2023): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040921.
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Activities associated with agriculture, grazing, and the energy industry have altered large tracts of native rangeland in North America. Pipelining causes intense local disturbance by removal of vegetation and alterations to soil horizons. Following a disturbance, reclamation is required to return the land to equivalent land capability. Revegetation is usually by seeding native and/or agronomic (non-native, dominant) species. This study investigated the long-term effects of native and dryland pasture (91% non-native species) seed mixes, grazing, and right-of-way (RoW) treatments on revegetation of native rangeland in southeastern Alberta. Native seed mixes were more successful at enhancing seeded vegetation cover than dryland pasture seed mixes. Grazing had a significant impact only on the survival of non-native grasses. The seed mix did not significantly affect total, native, non-native, annual, or perennial forb cover. Total forb cover was significantly higher on the trench with the dryland pasture seed mix than all other RoW treatments (storage, work). This long-term study suggests that native seed mixes can result in successful revegetation of reclamation following pipeline construction.
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Prevorčnik, Simona, and Andrzej Falniowski. "A twist of nature: a left-handed Bythinella schmidti (Küster, 1852) (Caenogastropoda: Bythinellidae)." Natura Sloveniae 20, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/ns.20.2.25-31.
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As most extant snails, Bythinella schmidti is characterised by dextral (right-handed) coiling of the shell. Nevertheless, a small sinistral (left-handed) individual from the spring on a mountain pasture was sampled, together with its larger dextral conspecifics. In our report on this first case of sinistrality within the superfamily Truncatelloidea, we discuss its shell abnormalities and provide a review on chirality in snails.
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Umar, Abdullahi, and Muhammmad Nuraddeen Danjuma. "Examining the State of Pastoral Resources under Common Property Regime, and Pastoralists Accessibility in Drylands of Niger and Nigeria." Indonesian Journal of Earth Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2022): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52562/injoes.v2i2.435.
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Pastoralism faces changes in Nigeria and Niger. This raised the call for interrogating the two countries’ stewardship of pastoral resources. The objectives of this study were to examine state of pastoral resources and make comparison on how legal and institutional, frameworks determine access to these resources in the drylands of Niger and Nigeria. Cropland, land under permanent meadows and pasture and forests lands data for Niger and Nigeria for 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 were downloaded from UN Food and Agricultural Organisation website. Seven communities namely: Abalak, Dakoro and Gaya (in Niger) and Augei, Dakingari, Gummi and Wurno (in Nigeria) were purposively selected and pastoralists were interviewed and/or observed. Descriptive statistics was employed in data analysis. We found that croplands in the two countries have significantly expanded. These expansions might have benefited from forestland depletion but not from land under permanent meadows and pastures (LUPMP) especially in Niger. LUPMP has increased in area in the two Countries. Pastoralists in Niger abhor privatization of pastoral resources. They also demand more access to pasture. In Nigeria, encroachment of pastoral resources by farmers, private ranches and mining, scarce and decaying infrastructure, lack of tenure right to pastoral resources are some of the problem’s pastoralists face. We conclude that agricultural intensification, through its conversion of other forestlands, threatens livestock production more essentially in Niger than in Nigeria and recommend that pastoral resources need to be prioritized by Governments as a regional strategy for communities’ livelihood enhancement and conflict prevention mechanism.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Right of pasture"
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Hatfield, Kevin Dean. ""We were not tramp sheepmen" : resistance and identity in the Oregon Basque community, accustomed range rights, and the Taylor Grazing Act, 1890-1955 /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095251.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 459-492). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Walnycki, Anna Maria. "Rights on the edge : the right to water and the peri-urban drinking water committees of Cochabamba." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/47224/.
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This thesis examines how constitutional reforms relating to the right to water in Bolivia have affected water provision in peri-urban Cochabamba. This multi-sited ethnography explores how the right to water has framed reforms to the Bolivian water sector, how and why the right to water has been contested in Bolivia, the impact of reforms to the water sector on peri-urban water committees and emerging challenges and opportunities for sustainable water provision in peri-urban Bolivia. It demonstrates that despite the high profile role played by Bolivia in advancing the right to water at the international and national level, in practice the right to water continues to be a fairly nebulous concept. There is a disconnect between Bolivia's international stance on the human right to water and national reforms around the right to water. This thesis contends that the right to water is a banner under which the water sector has been reformed since the election of Evo Morales in 2006. Even though the constitution states that everyone has the right to water, in practice water often continues to be provided through community providers such as drinking water committees (DWCs), largely due to the failure of municipal water provision. Reforms and policy have focussed on (re)nationalising the sector and establishing new institutions to regulate and develop diverse water providers such as peri-urban DWCs. Through detailed ethnographic examination of peri-urban Cochabamba, the thesis demonstrates that activists and community-water providers in rural and peri-urban areas have contested reforms linked to the right to water. They have contended that reforms have the potential to undermine community water systems, and furthermore, that the state has failed to guarantee basic human rights and service provision. To date, the state and non-state initiatives to enhance the sustainability of DWCs have focussed on certain elements of sustainability, specifically protecting the aquifer and enhancing institutional sustainability of DWCs. By drawing on the experience and development of one DWC, this thesis also explores further elements that present challenges and opportunities to enhance sustainable water provision in peri-urban areas, namely building equitable access, and the reconciling of local power relations.
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Downing, Carmen Garcia de 1950. "Common resource use in a Zapotec community." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292049.
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Who uses the forage resources under a communal land tenure system? Using data from a Mexican Indian community with a history of communal land tenure extending prior to the Conquest, the research explores and attempts to answer this question. The analysis is based on 1970 socio-economic data for 533 households, secondary sources, and 1987 field observations in a community of Zapotec farmers in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. The factors influencing who uses the communal resources include livestock ownership, wealth ranking, migration history, and participation in the local labor market. Although all members of the community have the right to graze animals on the commons, only a fraction of the wealthier households exercise this right. Consequently grazing pressure is minimized (reduced) compared to the potential grazing pressure that otherwise would be exerted if all the members of the community were to exercise their rights to use the forage resources at the same time.
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Peden, Robert L., and n/a. "Pastoralism and the transformation of the rangelands of the South Island of New Zealand 1841 to 1912 : Mt Peel Station, a case study." University of Otago. Department of History, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071204.155512.
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The transformation of the rangelands of the South Island of New Zealand during the pastoral era fits into the wider international context of European expansion into the 'new' world. European settlers displaced native peoples, introduced 'old' world animals and plants, and imposed a capitalist system that converted local resources into international commodities. In New Zealand the orthodox explanation of the pastoral impact on the rangelands claims that pastoralists introduced an unsustainable system of land use to the region. The pastoralists� indiscriminate burning practices and overstocking with sheep opened up the country to invasion by rabbits. Burning and overgrazing by sheep and rabbits stripped the natural fertility of the soils and left the country depleted, eroded, and overwhelmed by pests and weeds.
This thesis sets out to test those claims. It explores burning, the stocking of the rangelands with sheep and the impact of rabbits in detail. It also examines other land management practices, as well as sheep breeding, to see what impact they had on the landscape. The timeframe is set between 1841, when formal British settlement was established in the South Island, and 1912, by which time most of the great estates and stations had been broken up into smaller runs and farms.
The thesis uses station diaries, memoirs, contemporary newspapers and farming journals to assess what happened on the ground during the pastoral era. In particular, the thesis uses Mt Peel Station as a case study to examine the intensification in land use that took place between 1841 and 1912, in order to explain the transformation of the landscape and to answer the questions: what happened, how did it happened and why did it happened as it did?
These sources illustrate that the pastoral era was characterised by innovation. Pastoralists had access to technical and scientific information from around the world. Some conducted their own experiments to improve the productivity of the land and their stock. There was also a learning process involved in adapting their methods to fit the local rangeland environments. They were not simply rapacious capitalists out to strip the wealth from the land for their own personal gain; indeed, many pastoralists set out to establish viable and sustainable enterprises.
The thesis argues that the rangelands consisted of a variety of landscapes and climates. Differences in resource endowments had a considerable influence in shaping the environmental outcomes on different stations. Aridity and rabbits were two key factors in the depletion of the vegetation and the degradation of the landscape in the rangelands. Runs in semi-arid districts that were overwhelmed by rabbits suffered long-term damage. In districts where rainfall was more reliable stations that had been overrun by rabbits recovered remarkably quickly. Stations like Mt Peel, that were largely unaffected by the first rabbit plague, were able to maintain and even increase their productivity up to the time they were subdivided. The orthodox analysis of the transformation of the rangelands in the pastoral era does not account for these differences in outcomes.
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Ostendorff, Saskia Friederike. ""Copy and Paste"." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20484.
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Der 3D-Druck greift als Vervielfältigungsgerät in das Kernrecht des Urhebers ein. Der private Nutzer kann mit “Copy and Paste” alle Objekte drucken. Das Vervielfältigungsrecht des Urhebers wird durch eine private Nutzung von 3D-Druckern zu Hause, in FabLabs, Hackerspaces oder 3D-Druck Copyshops eingeschränkt werden. Das Urheberrecht als Eigentumsrecht aus Art. 14 GG wird mit dem Recht des Nutzers auf Information und Meinungsfreiheit nach Art. 5 GG abgewogen. Diese Abwägung ist in Zeiten der Digitalisierung, des Internets und der neuen Technologien eine der wichtigsten für das geistige Eigentum. Mit dem 3D-Druck steht und fällt die Frage nach der Vervielfältigungsfreiheit und der Suche nach alternativen Vergütungsmodellen. Schafft der § 53 Abs.1, Abs. 7 UrhG einen Interessenausgleich zwischen Urhebern und Nutzern? Die Arbeit untersucht die Vervielfältigung von Werken der angewandten Kunst unter dem Aspekt der Geburtstagszugentscheidung des BGH und macht die notwendige rechtlichen Änderungen deutlich.3D printing is not only a technical topic but also a topic for creators. The 3D printer intervenes the core right of creators and makes copyright issues obvious. 3D printing is a new usage under section § 31 UrhG. The private user can "copy and paste" to reproduce any objects. The question is how the right of the creator can be restricted by private use of 3D printers at home, in FabLabs, hackerspaces or 3D printing copy shops. Copyright as a property right in Art. 14 GG faces the user's right to information and freedom of expression under Art. 5 GG. Balancing these two fundamental rights is one of the crucial questions for intellectual property in times of digitization, internet and new technologies, as 3D printing is also about freedom of reproduction and alternative compensation models. To what extent creates section § 53 para. 1, para. 7 UrhG a balance of interests for applied art? This present works examines the reproduction of applied art under the “Geburtstagszugentscheidung” and the necessity of reforming legislation in the age of 3D printers.
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Mahoney, Mark A. "Parishioners by choice and the proper parish the rights of the faithful and the obligations of pastors /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Sweeney, Edward A. "The obligations and rights of the pastor of a parish according to the Code of Canon Law." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8686.
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The office of Pastor of a parish is an ecclesial institute constituted by the Church to be at the service of its threefold mission of teaching, sanctifying and ruling under the leadership of the diocesan bishop. As an institute created by positive law, this office has obligations and rights proper to it. Therefore, as a holder of this office, a pastor. of a parish is the subject of these obligations and rights. And these obligations and rights are to be properly understood and diligently exercised for the good of the Church and for the salvation of souls. Through its new theological insights, the Second Vatican Council ushered in significant changes in the understanding of the nature and scope of this office. The 1983 Code of Canon Law tried to translate those insights and changes into legal language in the revised legislation on the pastor of a parish. The Council described the parish in terms of a Eucharistic community, which, in communion with the Universal Church, in a special way makes Christ's Church present at a particular time and place through the shared faith of its members, clergy and laity together, its liturgical, catechetical charitable and social activities. It is at the level of a parish that the universal Church finds its concrete realization. And its pastor plays an important role in its life and activity. The object of this study, therefore, are the obligations and rights which the 1983 Code attributes to the office of pastor of a parish. There are several canons in the 1983 Code which express obligations and rights, explicitly in some instances and implicitly in others. The principal obligation of a pastor of a parish is to serve the faithful by leading the teaching, sanctifying and administrative activities of the faith community. Most of the rights attached to the office of a pastor are those which enable the pastor usefully and faithfully to fulfil the obligations entailed in his leadership role. Readily acknowledging that the pastor's obligations are so extensive that he will need various kinds of assistance, both the Second Vatican Council and the 1983 Code stipulate that other members of the parish community, clergy and laity together, are to cooperate with the pastor and to provide such help as the pastor needs. This principle implies that the ecclesial dimensions of the office of pastor of a parish cannot be totally circumscribed by a mere listing of the obligations and rights either explicitly or implicitly stated in the positive legislation. As an ecclesial institute, this office by its very nature demands that it be exercised in collaboration with all the members of a parish community.
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Sweeny, Edward A. "The obligations and rights of the pastor of a parish according to the Code of Canon Law." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0016/NQ45194.pdf.
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Mays, Nicholas S. "NORTHTERN REDEMTION: MARTIN LUTHER KING, THE UNITEDPASTORS ASSOCIATION, AND THE CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLES IN CLEVELAND, OHIO." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1404416568.
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Maxwell, Shandell S. "Religious Racial Socialization: The Approach of a Black Pastor at an Historic Black Baptist Church in Orange County, California." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1611354416371066.
Full textBooks on the topic "Right of pasture"
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Tenga, Ringo Willy. Pastoral land rights in Tanzania: A review. London: International Institute for Environment and Development, 1992.
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Brown, R. Ben. Closing the southern range: A chapter in the decline of the southern yeomanry. Chicago: American Bar Foundation, 1990.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests. Grazing: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, to review the grazing programs of the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service, including permit renewals, recent and proposed changes to grazing regulations, and related issues; and to examine the Wild Horse and Burro Program, as it relates to grazing, and the administration's proposal for sage grouse habitat conservation, June 23, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests. Grazing: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Public Lands and Forests of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, to review the grazing programs of the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service, including proposed changes to grazing regulations, and the status of grazing regulations, and the status of grazing permit renewals, monitoring programs, and allotment restocking plans, September 28, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.
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Gençkan, M. Sadık. Kamu mer'aları, yaylak ve kışlakları: Hukukumuzun ilkeleri. Ankara: T.C., Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, 1991.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Grazing: Hearings before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, on the Department of the Interior's proposed rule to amend the Department's regulations concerning livestock grazing, Washington, DC, April 20, 1994, Albuquerque, NM, May 14, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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Rogierus Johannes Eugenius van den Brink. The enclosures revisited: Privatization, titling, and the quest for advantage in Africa. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Food and Nutrition Policy Program, 1992.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources, ed. Forage Improvement Act of 1997: Report (to accompany H.R. 2493) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.
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Fuller, Ben. The enclosure of range lands in the eastern Oshikoto region of Namibia. Windhoek, Namibia: Social Sciences Division, Multidisciplinary Research Centre, University of Namibia, 1996.
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Joona, Juha. Poronhoito-oikeus maankäyttöoikeutena. Helsinki: Lakimiesliiton Kustannus, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Right of pasture"
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Troeger, Sabine. "Just Societal Transformation: Perspectives of Pastoralists in the Lower Omo Valley in Ethiopia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_265-1.
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AbstractPastoralists’ livelihoods in Africa are highly endangered by adverse forces – the climate change being one among those. Against this background, climate change adaptation is conceptualized as strategic agency in the field of risk-laden livelihood environments, that is, agency in the face of risky options and non-calculable uncertainties.The chapter conceptualizes pastoralists’ livelihoods exposed to a four-fold hierarchy of environmental risks and forces defining the actors’ arena of strategic decision making: From the global scale of ever extending impacts by the climate change imperative, to the national scale of government policies in terms of decentralization, challenging people to govern and define their communal efforts in terms of climate change adaptation, and down to the regional scale, which in the presented case is dominated by a large-scale investment, the Kuraz Sugar Development Project, which again confronts local actors with adverse forces toward villagization and eviction from pasture grounds. Right at the end of this hierarchy and in accordance with discourses on “climate services,” the end-users and local actors, the pastoralists, are confronted with and offered a product that they can input into their decision making: cattle feed from the residues of the irrigated sugar cane. The question remains whether substantive aspects of processes turning into true environmental and social justice in terms of recognition, procedures, and distribution will be paid attention to.
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Troeger, Sabine. "Just Societal Transformation: Perspectives of Pastoralists in the Lower Omo Valley in Ethiopia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_265-2.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPastoralists’ livelihoods in Africa are highly endangered by adverse forces – the climate change being one among those. Against this background, climate change adaptation is conceptualized as strategic agency in the field of risk-laden livelihood environments, that is, agency in the face of risky options and non-calculable uncertainties.The chapter conceptualizes pastoralists’ livelihoods exposed to a four-fold hierarchy of environmental risks and forces defining the actors’ arena of strategic decision making: From the global scale of ever extending impacts by the climate change imperative, to the national scale of government policies in terms of decentralization, challenging people to govern and define their communal efforts in terms of climate change adaptation, and down to the regional scale, which in the presented case is dominated by a large-scale investment, the Kuraz Sugar Development Project, which again confronts local actors with adverse forces toward villagization and eviction from pasture grounds. Right at the end of this hierarchy and in accordance with discourses on “climate services,” the end-users and local actors, the pastoralists, are confronted with and offered a product that they can input into their decision making: cattle feed from the residues of the irrigated sugar cane. The question remains whether substantive aspects of processes turning into true environmental and social justice in terms of recognition, procedures, and distribution will be paid attention to.
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Troeger, Sabine. "Just Societal Transformation: Perspectives of Pastoralists in the Lower Omo Valley in Ethiopia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2447–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_265.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPastoralists’ livelihoods in Africa are highly endangered by adverse forces – the climate change being one among those. Against this background, climate change adaptation is conceptualized as strategic agency in the field of risk-laden livelihood environments, that is, agency in the face of risky options and non-calculable uncertainties.The chapter conceptualizes pastoralists’ livelihoods exposed to a four-fold hierarchy of environmental risks and forces defining the actors’ arena of strategic decision making: From the global scale of ever extending impacts by the climate change imperative, to the national scale of government policies in terms of decentralization, challenging people to govern and define their communal efforts in terms of climate change adaptation, and down to the regional scale, which in the presented case is dominated by a large-scale investment, the Kuraz Sugar Development Project, which again confronts local actors with adverse forces toward villagization and eviction from pasture grounds. Right at the end of this hierarchy and in accordance with discourses on “climate services,” the end-users and local actors, the pastoralists, are confronted with and offered a product that they can input into their decision making: cattle feed from the residues of the irrigated sugar cane. The question remains whether substantive aspects of processes turning into true environmental and social justice in terms of recognition, procedures, and distribution will be paid attention to.
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Larsson, Jesper, and Eva-Lotta Päiviö Sjaunja. "From Private to Common: Coevolution of Land-Use Practices and Property Rights." In Self-Governance and Sami Communities, 215–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87498-8_9.
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AbstractIn the concluding chapter, we synthesize the results and discuss how changing land-use regimes among Sami in interior northwest Fennoscandia interrelated with the development of property rights between 1550 and 1780. During this period, a new tenure system, reindeer pastoralism, developed. For households that had amassed large reindeer herds, it became crucial to access both large pastures in the mountains and in the boreal forest to have enough grazing. This led to the establishment of common-property regimes in both the mountains and the boreal forest, where grazing became a CPR. The emergence of this kind of common-property regime is best described as a bottom-up process as it assumes that local users design and implement institutions for common use that all or most users adhere to.
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Alava, Henni, Janet Amito, and Rom Lawrence. "Learning Marriage Ideals and Gendered Citizenship in “God-Fearing” Uganda." In Learning, Philosophy, and African Citizenship, 177–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94882-5_10.
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AbstractThis chapter contributes to understanding the space between religion, gender and citizenship through a focus on teaching and learning about marriage in Ugandan churches. While pastors focused marriage teaching on the primacy of a church wedding, sexual purity and harmony through hierarchy, church-going women saw cohesion, spirituality and physical survival as cornerstones of an ideal relationship. By juxtaposing how women saw themselves as having learned these ideals, and how pastors saw themselves as teaching theirs, we illustrate that teaching and learning about gender, relationships and citizenship—and the character-moulding concomitant within these processes—occurs more in everyday lives than in places formally set out for the purpose. To achieve contextualized understanding of citizenship in religious contexts, it is important to pay attention to both religious teaching and practice and to develop methodological tools that identify how men and women actually learn about their worth, rights and responsibilities as citizens.
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Lambrecht, Thijs, Joke Verfaillie, and Tom de Waele. "Lords, Peasantries and the remuneration of labour services in the Southern Low Countries, 13th-18th centuries." In Datini Studies in Economic History, 121–38. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0347-0.09.
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In the late medieval and early modern Southern Low Countries, servile work gradually disappeared in most lordships. This contribution researches how and why unfree labour persisted in a minority of seigneuries. The main argument for the survival of so-called corvée labour, is that subjects performing these works received some form of remuneration. From the thirteenth century onward, peasantries were also able to negotiate favourable working conditions. Lords could not claim works during harvest and had to respect reasonable notification intervals. During the performance of the corvée labour, peasantries were usually provided food (and drink) in proportionate quantities to the caloric consumption needs of their respective work and status. Compensation of expenses in coin was rather rare, but lords often offered favourable benefits such as fiscal exemptions or use rights to the performing population or even the whole community. Male breeding animals were provided, and access to the lords domain such as hunting and fishing rights, or pastures could also be heeded. In this manner, small farmers could enjoy additional income streams or cut expenses. The existence of an array of rights and benefits to subjects performing labour indicate favourable negotiation terms of the peasant population. The case studies presented showcase a more nuanced historical reality, where peasants successfully (re-)negotiated labour duties with their lords. This paper reconstructs the negotiation process between lords and subjects as recorded in village customs.
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Nyyssönen, Jukka. "Chapter 7. Sámi Frames in the Planning and Management of Nature Protection Areas in Historical Perspective – Environmental Non-conflict in Inari." In Green Development or Greenwashing?, 134–53. Winwick, Cambs.: The White Horse Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/63824846758018.ch07.
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What kind of framings can be detected in Sámi opinions on conservation of nature in Inari? The region has witnessed recurrent conflicts over land usage, fought between forestry officials and Sami herders. Establishment of nature reserves has aroused severe disputes as well, but conservation enjoys continuing support among the Sámi herders. This article charts the preconditions for this state of affairs through cases of the establishment of the state park of Koilliskaira (1975–1982) and recent administrative measures in park administration by the Sami Parliament (2000s). An analysis is undertaken of whether the frames concerning conservation aligned in the administrative setting and the background reasons for the (non-)alignment. The actors studied are those Sámi included in the establishment processes and the park administration: the Sámi herders and the Sami Parliament. The conservation history is contextualised in the history of the Sámi movement and its relations to state actors, the Forest and Park Service (FPS). The case is one of success for both conservationists and Sámi. The Sámi mostly favoured conservation, because the protection of parks meant protection of reindeer herding from competing land-use forms. Later, conservation became a way to manifest the cultural autonomy, self-determination and cultural rights of the Sámi. An institutional source for this success was the marginalisation of the FPS from park establishment processes. The case was framed mostly economically, as a possibility to safeguard the pastures from forestry, and later as a case of indigenous rights. The economic framing resonated well both with conservationists and the general sentiments of the era; only later did indigenous rights clash with environmental values.
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Nickel, Vadim. "Generative Atmospheres." In Mental Health | Atmospheres | Video Games, 195–208. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839462645-015.
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Playing computer games is an active pastime: players are presented with a dynamic game scenario that requires various inputs in order to engage with its core game loop. To do so, the player must constantly pay attention to the game while performing actions to propel gameplay. However, some games can be experienced over multiple levels of engagement. Such games feature levels of engagement that may not require the constant provision of input to offer a meaningful experience. In these games, atmosphere reveals itself as the underlying structure, intricate enough to be experienced in its own right. Ambient music, a term coined by musician Brian Eno, is a genre that is meant to allow for different levels of engagement. This may reach from ambient music being a background accompaniment in a given setting, to being the center of listener attention. This article will identify a type of game that can be perceived in a similar vein. Such a game offers ambient modes of experience: It allows to be experienced over varying levels of engagement and intensities of interactions. The term ambient game is relevant in this context since the music genre of the same name is referenced here. This article will present existing definitions of ambient games that identify parallels between the creation and perception of ambient music and various modes of experiencing digital games. Based on these findings, this article will propose three ambient modes of experience that represent the varying intensities of player interaction within the diegetic boundaries of games.
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Prestwich, Michael. "Landownership and the Law." In Plantagenet England 1225-1360, 414–27. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198228448.003.0026.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Broad acres of arable and pasture provided the aristocracy with their wealth; wide forests provided them with sport. Land and the right to inherit it were central to the workings of medieval society, from the highest down to the lowest. The law provided a framework for acquiring and passing on estates. Knowledge of how it operated, and how it might be manipulated, was essential for success. Relationships between lords and tenants, and family disputes, frequently led to the courts, with their formalized procedures. This was an age of litigation.
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"PASTEUR WAS RIGHT." In Great Adaptations, 28–53. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz9390k.5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Right of pasture"
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Ihuoma, Chinwe. "Achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 among Female Nomadic Children in Nigeria using Open and Distance Learning Strategies." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.5898.
Full textAbstract:
Education is a basic human right that every child ought to enjoy. Sustainable Development Goal 4 is also to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and to promote lifelong learning opportunities for all by year 2030. Nigeria recognizes education as a fundamental human right and is signatory to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). In 2003, the Government of Nigeria passed into Law the Child Rights Act aimed at facilitating the realization and protection of the rights of all children. Nigeria also enacted the Universal Basic Education (UBE) law, which provides for a 9-year free and compulsory basic education to fast-track education interventions at the primary and junior secondary school levels. Nomads have been defined as people; who mainly live and derive most of their food and income from raising domestic livestock. // They move from place to place with their livestock in search of pasture and water. Because of this, sending their children to school becomes a big issue for them and the girl child is the worst affected. Girl-child education is the education geared towards the development of the total personality of the female gender to make them active participating members of economic development of their nation. Education also helps girls to realize their potentials, thus enabling them to elevate their social status. This paper which adopts descriptive research design examined the factors hindering adequate participation of the nomadic girl child in formal Education. Religious factors and beliefs, poverty ,Parents’ attitude, underdevelopment and insecurity, Educational policy and home-based factors, were some of the hindering factors identified, among others. Ways of enhancing their participation were suggested and recommended, such as training in literacy and vocational skills, mobile education and improved political will. These will make the girl child become functional in the society.
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Oswell, James M., and Gualberto Chiriboga. "Geotechnical Aspects of a Pipeline Rupture in Ecuador: Factors and Mitigation." In ASME 2013 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2013-1953.
Full textAbstract:
In February 2009 a pipeline rupture occurred along a sloped section of the Oleoducto de Crudos Pesados (OCP) Ecuador S.A. pipeline. The spill resulted in crude oil flowing down the hillside and into the Rio Santa Rosa. Post rupture investigations were initiated to identify the geotechnical factors that may have contributed to the incident and what mitigation may be necessary to ensure future pipeline integrity. The investigation consisted of several activities including detailed site reconnaissance by a geotechnical engineering team and installation of slope inclinometers to assess ground movements. The intent of the slope inclinometers was to determine the depth, areal extent and rate of ground movement, if any. The post rupture site reconnaissance identified a number of terrain features consistent with shallow ground movement mechanisms. The presence of hummocky terrain could be the result of ground movement or an artifact of the use of the slope as cattle pasture. Five slope inclinometers were installed to assess the slope movements within the project site. Four slope indicators were installed up-slope of the pipeline right-of-way to provide some lateral boundary to the ground movement area. The slope inclinometers showed that in the months following the pipeline rupture the terrain upslope of the pipeline right-of-way was moving at a relative constant rate of about 0.45 mm/day. As a result of the geotechnical investigations an integrity mitigation plan was developed. This included ongoing slope movement monitoring, regular site reconnaissance and placement of the pipeline above ground on “sleepers” to isolate the pipeline from the underlying creeping slope. To-date, these mitigations have been successful in reducing strain on the pipeline.
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Kondo, Sodai, and Hisaya Tanaka. "Comparison of Alpha Waves and SSVEP Based on Ear-EEG Using Conductive Paste and Gel Sheet." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004756.
Full textAbstract:
The ear-electroencephalogram (ear-EEG) method is used to measure brain activity from regions around ear. It is becoming a popular EEG measurement method due to its characteristics such as wearability, simplicity, and long term measurability. In our previous study, we developed and evaluated a brain-computer interface (BCI) by means of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) measured via ear-EEG. Some ear-EEG-based SSVEP-BCIs have demonstrated practical performance in assisting people with disabilities in various ways. However, the EEG measurement electrodes used in these devices establish contact with skin through conductive paste that stains subject’s hair and skin. This impairs the simplicity of measurement, impacting the advantages of using ear-EEG. Hence, in this study, we measured and evaluated SSVEP and alpha waves by using electrodes coated with conductive gel sheets. A total of 20 channels of electrodes were installed around the subject’s left and right ears, of which EEG components of 10 channels each were made of conductive paste and gel sheet. While the SSVEP and alpha waves were detected by using both conductive paste and gel sheet as the electrode-skin interface, the electrodes attached to the skin with conductive paste showed better detection performance. This indicates that an ear-EEG-based BCI system can be constructed by using conductive gel sheets instead of conductive paste as the electrode-skin interface. In future studies, we aim to improve the signal detection performance of electrodes by using conductive gel sheets as the electrode-skin interface, subsequently developing SSVEP-BCI systems that are implemented for the progress of society.
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Mateus, Duarte, Senhorinha Teixeira, Nelson Rodrigues, Violeta Carvalho, Duarte Santos, Joao Veloso, Delfim Soares, and Jose Teixeira. "Numerical Simulation of Solder Paste Printing on Through-Hole Components." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73613.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The increased demand for smaller and more reliable electronic devices, pressures companies to tune and innovate the production methodologies, always aiming to decrease the production time while maintaining the products’ quality. In the manufacturing of a Printed Circuit Board - PCB, there are two main types of electronic components, namely, Surface-Mount-Devices and Through-Hole components. Both connections are achieved through soldering, an essential manufacturing process that greatly affects the quality of the final product, and may compromise the lifetime of the PCB. While SMD components are commonly soldered by a reflow process, TH components are generally soldered by a wave soldering process. However, a PCB is generally composed of both types of components. Since both processes are too different in nature, the manufacturing of the board requires two separated mounting lines which represent increased costs and production time. Taking this into account, the present study investigates the usage of the reflow solder printing to deposit the solder paste on through-hole apertures both experimentally and numerically. In general, the results were similar showing a tendency for the solder paste to deposit on the aperture’s right side. Nevertheless, the numerical model predicts a filling area greater (by 22%) than that verified experimentally.
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Marin, Dramnescu, and Ion Stavre. "COPYRIGHTS IN ROMANIA." In eLSE 2015. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-15-199.
Full textAbstract:
The continuous development of the internet, the wide availability of online services, as well as the intuitive, facile, and almost instantaneous utilization of available data from the virtual environment have generated an incredible dissemination of information. These elements have also brought people closer, have cancelled borders and traditional barriers between states and have facilitated a novel manner of socialization. At the same time and in an equal facile manner, the internet has also generated specific problems, some of which are yet unresolved. A problem that requires an urgent solution is the serious infringement of copyright and ownership rights. The copy/paste phenomenon has been gaining ground and the ways to control it are not efficient. The main effects are the inhibition of creativity, superficial research and supporting plagiarism. On the other hand, the Internet has radically transformed the media and at this moment there is no single viable business model for the media exclusively on the Internet. Copyright becomes an issue that must be fundamentally solved in the new circumstances of the Internet. Thus, a balance must be reached between free and purchased information. This article aims to identify new solutions, more adequate and more efficient, through which the plagiarism phenomenon is reduced. A synthetic vision on the copy / paste phenomenon is showcased, vision which highlights the results and their impact over current research activities and on scholars' creativity. Thus, the necessity to promote and consolidate ethical dimensions towards ownership, by means of proper referencing of the research works that was appealed to (i.e., free or purchased information), is argued. On the other hand, the Internet has radically transformed the media and at this moment there is no single viable business model for the media exclusively on the Internet. Copyright becomes an issue that must be fundamentally solved in the new circumstances of the Internet. Thus, a balance must be reached between free and purchased information. This article aims to identify new solutions, more adequate and more efficient, through which the plagiarism phenomena is reduced. A synthetic vision on copy / paste phenomena is showcased, vision which highlights the results and their impact over current research activities and on scholars' creativity. Thus, the necessity to promote and consolidate ethical dimensions towards ownership, by means of proper referencing of the research works that was appealed to (i.e., free or purchased information), is argued.
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Arfaei, B., L. Wentlent, S. Joshi, M. Anselm, and P. Borgesen. "Controlling the Superior Reliability of Lead Free Assemblies With Short Standoff Height Through Design and Materials Selection." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89584.
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We have recently demonstrated a significantly longer life in accelerated thermal cycling for Land Grid Arrays (LGAs) assembled only with SAC305 solder paste than for the corresponding SAC305 based BGA assemblies. This superior performance was shown to be a direct effect of the solder microstructure. The final Sn solidification temperature strongly affects the initial microstructure of a SnAgCu solder joint, including the Sn grain morphology, and thus the thermomechanical behavior of the joint. Right after reflow, larger BGA joints of SnAgCu alloys, which solidify at higher temperature, reveal either a single β-Sn grain or three large grains with clearly defined boundaries formed by cyclic twinning. The orientations of the highly anisotropic Sn grains are not yet controllable in manufacturing, leading to substantial statistical scatter in the performance of the solder joints. Typical LGA solder joint dimensions, however, tend to facilitate greater undercooling and the formation of an alternative interlaced twinning microstructure. A systematic study was undertaken to identify the parameters that control the interlaced twinning microstructure. Sn grain structures were characterized by crossed polarizer microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Precipitate sizes and distributions were measured using backscattered scanning electron microscopy and quantified using image analysis software. Systematic effects of solder alloy, dimensions and pad finishes were identified. Recommendations are made as to design and materials selection. The practicality of controlling the desired microstructure, as well as potential disadvantages for certain applications is discussed.
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Boff, Germano Ramos, Elan Jedson Lemos, Bruna Walter Pasetti, Leonardo Henrique Bertolucci, and Ricardo Antonio Boff. "A CASE REPORT: BREAST MYIASIS — AN UNCOMMON DISEASE." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1015.
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Myiasis is a dermatosis resulting from flies’ larvae infestation in animal and human tissues. More prevalent in subtropical and tropical countries, it is related to lower social and economic levels. The fly species that can cause this pathology are Cordylobia anthropophaga, Cochliomyia hominivorax, and Dermatobia hominis. The infestation happens after eggs are deposited in a disrupted tissue or by an orifice caused by a fly sting and attacks cutaneous and mucous membranes in many body regions, including the breast. There is no person-to-person transmission. The larvae feed on the injured tissue, leading to pain and tissue destruction. The abscesses, tuberculosis, and inflammatory sebaceous cysts are clinical conditions to be ruled out in differential diagnosis. An abscess is the most common inflammatory breast condition, presenting with pain, erythema, and local heating. A cold abscess may lead to the suspicion of mycobacteria infection, mostly in lactating women. Otherwise, sebaceous cysts when inflamed may look like an abscess, but will not have fluctuation signs, and an ultrasound (US) image will help the diagnosis. The diagnosis is clinical and done by observing moving larvae or by US showing a well-defined lesion, with high echogenicity, and the presence of larvae. The best treatment option is manual larvae extraction, associated or not with paste vaseline or mineral oil covering the affected area, which causes larvae immobilization and asphyxia. The ideal treatment is to remove the larvae intact, because maceration leads to the release of irritating substances into the surrounding tissue. Surgery is not a good option. It is useful to prescribe an antibiotic regimen to treat or prevent infections. This case report allows the conclusion that myiasis is an uncommon breast pathology and sometimes may be ignored in the clinical setting. For this reason, its presence must always be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of breast diseases in certain groups of patients coming from at-risk areas. A 56-yearold white female, obese, with low social and economic conditions, came to a public health outpatient clinic complaining of increasing volume, hardening, and skin alterations in the right breast (hyperemia and skin thickening) in the past 10 years. No investigation was done during this long period, but the symptoms worsened in the past 6 months and severe pain was reported by the patient. She was referred to a specialized center and a bilateral mammogram revealed an extensive asymmetry in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast with architectural distortion associated with uncountable atypical calcifications and diffuse dermal thickening, classified as BIRADS 5. Physical examination revealed the presence of bilateral, enlarged, suspected axillary lymph nodes. The patient underwent breast core biopsy that resulted in invasive breast cancer of nonspecial histologic type, Nottingham grade 3, molecular type luminal B (RE 20%, RP 30%, negative HER-2, and KI-67 60%/cells). After being staged with radiologic examinations, she was found with multiple bone metastases in the thoracic and lumbar bodies, as well as a lytic lesion in the left iliac wing. She started treatment with the oncology team using hormone therapy plus Zoledronic Acid plus chemotherapy. One month after beginning therapy, she went to an emergency unit presenting cavitations and dimpling in the right breast, associated with bullous lesions, necrosis, and bad smell. Physical examination demonstrated live moving larvae over the necrotic tissue, confirming the diagnosis of breast myiasis associated with a stage IV breast carcinoma.
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Cha, Jong K., Thomas Y. Lee, and Yong X. Gan. "Thermoelectric Power Generation by Harvesting the Waste Heat From a Car Engine." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49225.
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Internal combustion (IC) engines typically have an efficiency of less than 35%. This is largely due to the fact that much of the energy dissipates into waste heat. However, the waste heat may be converted into electricity by using energy conversion modules made from bismuth telluride. In this work, it is demonstrated that electricity can be generated from waste heat due to the difference in temperatures. The thermal to electrical energy conversion is achieved by using a self-assembled thermoelectric generator (TEG). The TEG (thermoelectric generator) uses two different types of metallic compound semiconductors, known as n-typed and p-typed, to create voltage when the junctions are held at different temperatures. The work mechanism is based on the Seebeck effect. In this study, the TEGs are made from bismuth telluride (Bi-Te) with relatively high energy conversion efficiencies. In addition, it is readily available. The installation location of the TEG is studied. For testing purposes and convenience, the top of the radiator of a 1990 Mazda Miata car was chosen. The TEG and an aluminum finned heat sink were placed in order on the top of the radiator. Thermal paste was applied to both surfaces and secured with zip ties. A vent was cut on the hood of the car to promote airflow between the fins. Appropriate electrical wiring allowed the unit to output to a digital multi-meter which was located within the car for operator to take data. It is found from the measured results that 0.948 V is the maximum output and the average voltage is 0.751 V. The highest voltage came from driving mountain paths due to the heat sink and coolant temperature being higher than nominal. We estimate that placing an insulator between the heat sink and TEG would push the maximum voltage over 1.0 V. During the cool down phase, the TEG produced electricity continuously with a maximum voltage of 0.9 V right after engine cutoff. The voltage decreased to about 0.6 V within 40 minutes. It is found that the relationship between the temperature difference and output voltage is linear.
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Iegoroff, Renan, Rafael Herlan Terceros Vaca, Gustavo Araújo Pinheiro, Alvaro Marcelo Huchani Huanca, Matheus Henrique de Souza Coradini, and Leonardo Mariano Inácio Medeiros. "Cadasil, atypical and familial presentation – family case report." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.318.
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Introduction: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), is a non-atherosclerotic, nonamyloid, hereditary cerebral disease of small vessels and capillaries caused by mutations in the NOTCH-3 gene located on chromosome 19. The presence of granular osmophilic material (GOM) deposition in the smooth muscle cells of vessel walls is the pathological hallmark of arteriopathy in CADASIL. GOM deposits in the basal lamina of smooth muscle of small vessels are pathognomonic for CADASIL. The presence of GOM in capillary blood vessels of the skin and muscle in biopsy and genetic studies (NOTCH-3 analysis) plays a key diagnostic role. Biopsy tests have high specificity (up to 100%) and low sensitivity (less than 50%). The NOTCH-3 test has been proposed as the primary diagnostic approach, allowing detection of 90% of affected individuals. CADASIL has an estimated prevalence between 2 and 5 in 100,000, and the phenotypic study demonstrates different clinical symptoms in the course of the disease within the same family. The average age of onset of clinical symptoms varies between 48.3 years in men and 52.2 years in women. Characteristic symptoms of migraine, stroke or TIA (transient ischemic attack), behavioral changes, early and progressive cognitive changes associated with leukoencephalopathy on imaging studies. The large association of symptoms often causes the diagnosis of CADASIL to be delayed. In this case, we had an association of gait ataxia within the framework of motor alterations, demonstrating the wide range of symptomatology of the pathology. This case report presents a familial course that started outside the most prevalent age group in the studies described and with an atypical presentation in an affected generation. Case reports: Case 01: woman, 68 years old, started progressively forgetting to perform household activities after the age of fifty, associated with primarily generalized myoclonic epileptic seizures, evolving rapidly within five years to walking apraxia with the use of a wheelchair and tonic-tonic epileptic seizures. bilateral clonic disorders, comprehension aphasia and bradypsychism. Relatives report previous migraine without chronic aura and REM (rapid eye movement sleep) sleep behavior disorder (RMSD). On neurological examination, severe ataxia with bilateral dysdiadochokinesia associated with bilateral hypometric index-index. Bilateral ROT 4+/4+ with bilateral Hoffman and Babinski signs. MMSS and MMII with FGM 4/5 proximal and distal. Case 02: woman, 36 years old, pastry chef, had episodes of forgetting about everyday activities of her work, progressive in the last three years (cake recipes, budget accounts, orders placed) associated with confusion for spatial location on the way home/ work, evolving to apraxia in writing letters and words and difficulty with calculations associated with monoparesis of the right lower limb for twelve months with progression to paresis of the lower limbs after six months and evolution to paresthesia of the upper limbs for three months. Associated with the condition, he has migraine without chronic aura and RMSD. The neurological examination showed Mini-Mental State Examination 22/30 (expected score of 29), list of animals in one minute: 09 animals; list of words starting with “F”: 03 words; clock test: 2/4; difficulty with calculations and digital agnosia with right/left apraxia; Upper limbs: eutrophic, FMG 4/5, bilateral distal; FMG 5/5 bilateral proximal; Lower limbs: eutrophic, bilateral FMG 4/5 distal and proximal with positive Mingazini; atypical gait with evidenced weakness in heel, toe and tandem gait; Bilateral dysdiadochokinesia with eumetric, slowed indexindex; ROT 4+/4+ in the right side with positive Hoffman and Babinski signs. MRI Brain (17/09/2020): extensive area of hypersignal on T2 and FLAIR (T2- weighted-Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery) involving the periventricular white matter in all lobes without atrophic or expansive effect; Case 03: woman, 45 years old, started behavioral arrest epileptic seizures at the age of thirty-two, progressing to focal dysperceptive seizures with progression to bilateral tonic clonic seizures after eight months and multiple episodes of anterograde amnesia, presenting forgetfulness related to everyday work activities (exchanged worksheets , payments, calculation errors and budgets); associated with the condition presented migraine without chronic aura and RMSD. Genetic Test (04/06/2017): Heterozygous alteration in exon 8 of the NOTHC – 3 gene. Discussion: CADASIL presents a rare cause of cognitive decline and is often overlooked in diagnosis, except in cases of high clinical suspicion in a familial course. Access to imaging tests becomes fundamental for the diagnostic segment and the primordial genetic test for etiological elucidation and family planning, in the report described the family presentation with the same course of satellite symptoms (migraine without aura, and RMSD) associated with cognitive alteration with anticipation of age of onset are hallmarks of clinical thinking. Cases described in the literature show that the clinical symptomatology is not necessarily related to the level of brain injury observed in the imaging exam, which could be explained by personal factors and which exon is affected. The NOTCH-3 gene has 24 exons, in which the literature reports exon 4 as the most common mutation, followed by 3, 5 and 6, mainly in the Caucasian population. In an Asian population, the most affected exon is 4 and 11, which is also found in Italian descendants. The mutation in exon 8, described in the clinical case, is found in a population of Portuguese origin, being the second most common mutation in this nationality, behind the mutation in exon 4. Brain MRI studies have tried to elucidate the most affected brain regions, aiming to trace a line of evolution. Involvement of the temporal lobe, external capsule and corpus callosum are described as probable markers of CADASIL, and can be used as an aid in the diagnosis due to its specificity of 86% and sensitivity of 89%. Studies also show that the frontoparietal area has frequent findings of hyperintensity (100%), followed by the temporal lobe (83%), less frequently affecting the brainstem, occipital lobe and cerebellum. Despite the great advances in the specialized literature, the causes of the important cognitive dysfunction presented in the course of the evolution of CADASIL remain unclear. However, studies have suggested that the process of cognitive decline is more related to the loss of cortico-subcortical connections than to brain atrophy itself, with these disconnections resulting from repeated transient ischemic accidents. Science has been looking for ways to change the prognosis of CADASIL, recent studies in gene therapy and neurogenetics show the importance of thinking about this pathology as a genetic disease of great importance to change the prognosis of this pathology.