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Journal articles on the topic "Rif2"

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Fukunaga, Kenzo, Yukinori Hirano, and Katsunori Sugimoto. "Subtelomere-binding protein Tbf1 and telomere-binding protein Rap1 collaborate to inhibit localization of the Mre11 complex to DNA ends in budding yeast." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 2 (January 15, 2012): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-06-0568.

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Chromosome ends, known as telomeres, have to be distinguished from DNA double-strand breaks that activate DNA damage checkpoints. In budding yeast, the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX) complex associates with DNA ends and promotes checkpoint activation. Rap1 binds to double-stranded telomeric regions and recruits Rif1 and Rif2 to telomeres. Rap1 collaborates with Rif1 and Rif2 and inhibits MRX localization to DNA ends. This Rap1-Rif1-Rif2 function becomes attenuated at shortened telomeres. Here we show that Rap1 acts together with the subtelomere-binding protein Tbf1 and inhibits MRX localization to DNA ends. The placement of a subtelomeric sequence or TTAGGG repeats together with a short telomeric TG repeat sequence inhibits MRX accumulation at nearby DNA ends in a Tbf1-dependent manner. Moreover, tethering of both Tbf1 and Rap1 proteins decreases MRX and Tel1 accumulation at nearby DNA ends. This Tbf1- and Rap1-dependent pathway operates independently of Rif1 or Rif2 function. Depletion of Tbf1 protein stimulates checkpoint activation in cells containing short telomeres but not in cells containing normal-length telomeres. These data support a model in which Tbf1 and Rap1 collaborate to maintain genomic stability of short telomeres.
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Craven, Rolf J., and Thomas D. Petes. "Dependence of the Regulation of Telomere Length on the Type of Subtelomeric Repeat in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 152, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 1531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/152.4.1531.

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Abstract In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, chromosomes terminate with ∼400 bp of a simple repeat poly(TG1-3). Based on the arrangement of subtelomeric X and Y′ repeats, two types of yeast telomeres exist, those with both X and Y′ (Y′ telomeres) and those with only X (X telomeres). Mutations that result in abnormally short or abnormally long poly(TG1-3) tracts have been previously identified. In this study, we investigated telomere length in strains with two classes of mutations, one that resulted in short poly(TG1-3) tracts (tel1) and one that resulted in elongated tracts (pif1, rap1-17, rif1, or rif2). In the tel1 pif1 strain, Y′ telomeres had about the same length as those in tel1 strains and X telomeres had lengths intermediate between those in tel1 and pif1 strains. Strains with either the tel1 rap1-17 or tel1 rif2 genotypes had short tracts for all chromosome ends examined, demonstrating that the telomere elongation characteristic of rap1-17 and rif2 strains is Tel1p-dependent. In strains of the tel1 rif1 or tel1 rif1 rif2 genotypes, telomeres with Y′ repeats had short terminal tracts, whereas most of the X telomeres had long terminal tracts. These results demonstrate that the regulation of telomere length is different for X and Y′ telomeres.
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Bonetti, Diego, Carlo Rinaldi, Jacopo Vertemara, Marco Notaro, Paolo Pizzul, Renata Tisi, Giuseppe Zampella, and Maria Pia Longhese. "DNA binding modes influence Rap1 activity in the regulation of telomere length and MRX functions at DNA ends." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 5 (December 27, 2019): 2424–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz1203.

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Abstract The cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is initiated by the Mre11–Rad50–Xrs2 (MRX) complex that has structural and catalytic functions. MRX association at DSBs is counteracted by Rif2, which is known to interact with Rap1 that binds telomeric DNA through two tandem Myb-like domains. Whether and how Rap1 acts at DSBs is unknown. Here we show that Rif2 inhibits MRX association to DSBs in a manner dependent on Rap1, which binds to DSBs and promotes Rif2 association to them. Rap1 in turn can negatively regulate MRX function at DNA ends also independently of Rif2. In fact, a characterization of Rap1 mutant variants shows that Rap1 binding to DNA through both Myb-like domains results in formation of Rap1-DNA complexes that control MRX functions at both DSBs and telomeres primarily through Rif2. By contrast, Rap1 binding to DNA through a single Myb-like domain results in formation of high stoichiometry complexes that act at DNA ends mostly in a Rif2-independent manner. Altogether these findings indicate that the DNA binding modes of Rap1 influence its functional properties, thus highlighting the structural plasticity of this protein.
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Hirano, Yukinori, Kenzo Fukunaga, and Katsunori Sugimoto. "Rif1 and Rif2 Inhibit Localization of Tel1 to DNA Ends." Molecular Cell 33, no. 3 (February 2009): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2008.12.027.

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Shi, Tianlai, Richard D. Bunker, Stefano Mattarocci, Cyril Ribeyre, Mahamadou Faty, Heinz Gut, Andrea Scrima, et al. "Rif1 and Rif2 Shape Telomere Function and Architecture through Multivalent Rap1 Interactions." Cell 153, no. 6 (June 2013): 1340–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.007.

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Pobiega, Sabrina, Olivier Alibert, and Stéphane Marcand. "A new assay capturing chromosome fusions shows a protection trade-off at telomeres and NHEJ vulnerability to low-density ionizing radiation." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 6817–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab502.

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Abstract Chromosome fusions threaten genome integrity and promote cancer by engaging catastrophic mutational processes, namely chromosome breakage–fusion–bridge cycles and chromothripsis. Chromosome fusions are frequent in cells incurring telomere dysfunctions or those exposed to DNA breakage. Their occurrence and therefore their contribution to genome instability in unchallenged cells is unknown. To address this issue, we constructed a genetic assay able to capture and quantify rare chromosome fusions in budding yeast. This chromosome fusion capture (CFC) assay relies on the controlled inactivation of one centromere to rescue unstable dicentric chromosome fusions. It is sensitive enough to quantify the basal rate of end-to-end chromosome fusions occurring in wild-type cells. These fusions depend on canonical nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Our results show that chromosome end protection results from a trade-off at telomeres between positive effectors (Rif2, Sir4, telomerase) and a negative effector partially antagonizing them (Rif1). The CFC assay also captures NHEJ-dependent chromosome fusions induced by ionizing radiation. It provides evidence for chromosomal rearrangements stemming from a single photon–matter interaction.
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Li, Bibo, and Titia de Lange. "Rap1 Affects the Length and Heterogeneity of Human Telomeres." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 12 (December 2003): 5060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-06-0403.

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Telomere length is controlled in part by cis-acting negative regulators that limit telomere extension by telomerase. In budding yeast, the major telomere length regulator scRap1 binds to telomeric DNA and acts to inhibit telomere elongation in cis. Because the human Rap1 ortholog hRap1 does not bind to telomeric DNA directly but is recruited to telomeres by TRF2, we examined its role in telomere length control. The data are consistent with hRap1 being a negative regulator of telomere length, indicating functional conservation. Deletion mapping confirmed that hRap1 is tethered to telomeres through interaction of its C terminus with TRF2. The telomere length phenotypes of hRap1 deletion mutants implicated both the BRCT and Myb domain as protein interaction domains involved in telomere length regulation. By contrast, scRap1 binds to telomeres with its Myb domains and uses its C terminus to recruit the telomere length regulators Rif1 and Rif2. Together, our data show that although the role of Rap1 at telomeres has been largely conserved, the domains of Rap1 have undergone extensive functional changes during eukaryotic evolution. Surprisingly, hRap1 alleles lacking the BRCT domain diminished the heterogeneity of human telomeres, indicating that hRap1 also plays a role in the regulation of telomere length distribution.
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Bradley, Gregory W., John H. Holloway, Han Joong Koh, David G. Morris, and Paul G. Watson. "4-(Difluoroiodo)tricyclene, an isolable compound of type RIF2 from an aliphatic iodide." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, no. 22 (1992): 3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19920003001.

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Poschke, Heiko, Martina Dees, Michael Chang, Sandeep Amberkar, Lars Kaderali, Rodney Rothstein, and Brian Luke. "Rif2 Promotes a Telomere Fold-Back Structure through Rpd3L Recruitment in Budding Yeast." PLoS Genetics 8, no. 9 (September 20, 2012): e1002960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002960.

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Zhang, Ling-Li, Zhenfang Wu, and Jin-Qiu Zhou. "Tel1 and Rif2 oppositely regulate telomere protection at uncapped telomeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Genetics and Genomics 45, no. 9 (September 2018): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgg.2018.09.001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rif2"

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ANBALAGAN, SAVANI. "Role of saccharomyces cerevisiae Rif1 and Rif2 proteins in protection of telomeres." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/43717.

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Eukaryotic cells distinguish their chromosome ends from accidental DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by packaging them into protective structures called telomeres that prevent DNA repair/recombination activities. In this work, we investigated the role of key telomeric proteins in protecting Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomeres from degradation. We show that the shelterin-like proteins Rif1, Rif2, and Rap1 inhibit nucleolytic processing at both de novo and native telomeres during G1 and G2 cell cycle phases, with Rif2 and Rap1 showing the strongest effects. Also Yku prevents telomere resection in G1, independently of its role in non-homologous end joining. Yku and the shelterin-like proteins have additive effects in inhibiting DNA degradation at G1 de novo telomeres. In particular, while Yku plays the major role in preventing initiation, Rif2 and Rap1 act primarily by limiting extensive resection. Finally, Rap1 and Rif2 prevent telomere degradation by inhibiting MRX access to telomeres, which are also protected from the Exo1 nuclease by Yku. Thus, chromosome end degradation is controlled by telomeric proteins that specifically inhibit the action of different nucleases. Since Rif1 plays a very minor role in protecting wild type telomeres from degradation, we further investigated whether Rif1 participates in telomere protection in combination with other capping activities, like those exerted by the CST complex (Cdc13-Stn1-Ten1). We found that, unlike RIF2 deletion, the lack of RIF1 is lethal for stn1ΔC cells and causes a dramatic reduction in viability of cdc13-1 and cdc13-5 mutants. Both cdc13-1 rif1Δ and cdc13-5 rif1Δ cells display very high amounts of telomeric single-stranded DNA and DNA damage checkpoint activation, indicating that severe defects in telomere integrity cause their loss of viability. In agreement with this hypothesis, lethality in cdc13 rif1Δ cells is partially counteracted by the lack of the Exo1 nuclease, which is involved in telomeric single-stranded DNA generation. Like CDC13, RIF1 also genetically interacts with the Polα-primase complex, which is involved in the fill-in of the telomeric complementary strand. Thus, these data highlight a novel role for Rif1 in assisting the essential telomere protection function of the CST complex.
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MARTINA, MARINA. "Roles of shelterin-like proteins and yku in saccharomyces cerevisiae telomere homeostasis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/41884.

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Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein complexes that distinguish the natural ends of linear chromosomes from intrachromosomal double-strand breaks. In fact, telomeres are protected from DNA damage checkpoints, homologous recombination or end-to-end fusions that normally promote repair of intrachromosomal DNA breaks. When chromosome end protection fails, dysfunctional telomeres are targeted by the DNA repair and recombination apparatus, whose outcomes range from the generation of chromosomal abnormalities, general hallmarks for human cancer cells, to permanent cell cycle arrest and cell death. While several studies address the consequences of telomere dysfunctions, the mechanisms by which telomere protection is achieved remain to be determined. During my PhD, I contributed to investigate this issue by analyzing the role of evolutionarily conserved telomeric proteins in protecting budding yeast telomeres from degradation. In particular, the data obtained during the first year of my PhD show that the shelterin-like proteins Rif1, Rif2, and Rap1 inhibit nucleolytic processing at both de novo and native telomeres during G1 and G2 cell cycle phases, with Rif2 and Rap1 showing the strongest effects. Also the Yku complex prevents telomere resection in G1, independently of its role in non-homologous end joining. Yku and the shelterin-like proteins have additive effects in inhibiting DNA degradation at G1 de novo telomeres. In fact, while Yku plays the major role in preventing initiation, Rif2 and Rap1 act primarily by limiting extensive resection. In particular, Rap1 and Rif2 prevent telomere degradation by inhibiting MRX (Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2) access to telomeres, which are also protected from the Exo1 nuclease by Yku. The MRX complex is also necessary to maintain telomere length by recruiting the Tel1 kinase, and Rif2 was recently shown to interact with the C-terminus of Xrs2. As also Tel1 binds the same portion of Xrs2, it has been proposed that Rif2 and Tel1 might compete with each other for binding to MRX, with Rif2 preventing Xrs2 interaction with Tel1. This issue was explored during the second part of my PhD by taking advantage of the TEL1-hy909 mutant allele, previously identified as a dominant suppressor of the hypersensitivity to genotoxic agents and checkpoint defects of Mec1-deficient cells (Baldo et al., 2008). The data obtained by this analysis provide evidence that regulation of telomere processing and elongation relies on a balance between Tel1 and Rif2 activities. In particular, Tel1 appears to regulate telomere nucleolytic processing by promoting MRX activity. In fact, the lack of Tel1 impairs MRX-dependent telomere resection, which is instead enhanced by the Tel1-hy909 mutant variant. Our data indicate that the Tel1-hy909 variant is more robustly associated than wild-type Tel1 to double-strand-break (DSB) ends carrying telomeric repeat sequences. Furthermore, it increases the persistence of both the MRX complex and the telomerase subunit Est1 at a DSB adjacent to telomeric repeats, which in turn likely account for the increased telomere resection and elongation in TEL1-hy909 cells. Strikingly, Rif2 is unable to negatively regulate processing and lengthening at TEL1-hy909 telomeres, indicating that the Tel1-hy909 variant overcomes the inhibitory activity exerted by Rif2 on MRX. Altogether, these findings highlight a primary role of Tel1 in overcoming Rif2-dependent negative regulation of MRX activity in telomere resection and elongation.
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Engels, Silke. "Sugars in early and late polyketide biosynthesis functional studies of rifL, rifK and rifM in rifamycin biosynthesis ; towards the characterisation of a PKS gene cluster from Streptomyces sp. GW2/5831, encoding the biosynthesis of the polycyclic xanthone IB-00208." München Verl. Dr. Hut, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999629123/04.

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Flynn, Luke. "Rift." Digital Commons @ Butler University, 2015. http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/grtheses/268.

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Cornwell, David Graham. "Magma-assisted continental rift margins : the Ethiopian rift." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30462.

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Continental rifting and incipient seafloor spreading are observed either side of the main Ethiopian rift (MER). EAGLE (the Ethiopia Afar Geoscientific Lithospheric Experiment) included a 400 km-long profile containing 97 passive seismometers to investigate the change from mechanical to magmatic extension by defining the lithospheric structure and extent of magmatism beneath the rifted northern MER. Changes in crustal structure along the cross-rift profile are imaged using forward modelling, H-kappa stacking and non-linear inversion analyses of receiver functions. The lithospheric structure is inherently different beneath the north-western rift flank, rift valley and south-eastern rift flank, with contrasting crustal thickness and composition, upper mantle velocity and lithospheric anisotropy. Magmatic addition is imaged in the form of an 6--18 km-thick underplate lens at the base of the crust beneath the high Ethiopian plateau and zones of intense dyking and partial melt beneath the rift valley. The underplate layer probably formed synchronous with an Oligocene flood basalt event and therefore pre-dates the rifting by ~20 Myr. A 20--30 km-wide magmatic system pervades the entire crust beneath volcanic chains that mark the locus of current rift extension. To the southeast of the rift, a lithospheric suture is inferred, which was created during the Precambrian collision of East and West Gondwana. Collision-related lithospheric fabric is proposed to be the main source of strong anisotropy observed along the entire profile, which is locally augmented by rift-related magmatism. An active followed by passive magma-assisted rifting model that is controlled by a combination of far-field plate stresses, pre-existing lithospheric framework and magmatism is preferred to explain the evolution of the northern MER.
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Arnautov, O. I. "Oculus Rift." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/44891.

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Nowadays our world is closely connected with technologies. Changes come in people's lives with technology. People invent new gadgets, tools, machines and more useful things every day. As a rule, all these inventions make our life better and easier.
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Liebrenz, Boris. "Die Rifā‛īya." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-202876.

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Dávila, Federico Carlos Eduardo. "Turismo como contribución al desarrollo regional sustentable en Venezuela caso de estudio: Municipio Andrés Bello y Parroquia Jají, Mérida/Venezuela." Rottenburg am Neckar Kersting, 2005. http://www.kersting-verlag.com/riff/titles/riff05/.

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Jackson, Christopher Aiden-Lee. "Structural and stratigraphic evolution of rift basins : the Hammam Faraun area, Suez rift, Egypt." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488323.

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This project aims to integrate structural and stratigraphic data from the Hammam Faraun area, Suez rift, Egypt, to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of normal fault zones, fault arrays and fault-related folds in extensional settings, and the control the evolving structural style has on syn-rift depositional patterns and sequence stratigraphy. Structural and stratigraphic data from across the Hammam Faraun fault block suggests that during the early stages of rifting deformation was distributed across the fault block on numerous short (1-4 km), low displacement (<1 km) fault segments. These either grew and linked to form longer fault zones, or became inactive during the initial c. 6-7 Myr of rifting. During this phase, the majority of deformation was accommodated by the intrablock fault zones, which were surface-breaking and had greater displacement than those that became the rift border faults, which were blind at this time. Detailed analysis of the Hammam Faraun fault zone (HFFZ) suggests that at-surface monoclinal growth folding characterised the initial stages of fault growth, with secondary normal faulting and layerparallel slip accommodating distributed deformation in the cover. These observations are consistent with analogue and kinematic models based on trishear. Integration of structural (e. g. fault and fold relationships) and displacement-length (D-L) characteristics with detailed stratigraphic data (e. g. thickness and facies variations, onlap patterns) indicates that the during the initial c. 2.4 Myr of rifting, the intra-block East Tanka fault zone (ETFZ) was initially composed of two isolated segments c. 1-1.5 km long, separated by a transverse hangingwall high. Subsequent stratigraphic patterns indicate that > c. 2.4 Myr after the initiation of rifting, the two isolated fault segments hard-linked to form a longer fault zone, and the locus of maximum displacement and subsidence migrated into the region of linkage. The shift in the locus of activity is consistent with conceptual models of fault growth by segment linkage. Subsurface analysis of the shallow part of the October fault zone (OFZ), offshore central Suez rift, suggests both simple radial propagation, and growth and linkage of initially isolated segments were important in its evolution. Stratigraphic patterns in growth strata adjacent to the fault zone suggest that faulting initiated in the lower Pliocene, and overall the fault zone propagated southwards through time. The relationship between shallow fault zone, and the deepseated, basement-involved fault zone suggests that the underlying fault zone controlled the temporal and spatial evolution of the fault zone. Changes in basin geometry and subsidence patterns, linked to the evolution of fault zones, fault arrays and associated fault-related folds, had a marked control on syn-rift depositional patterns and sequence stratigraphy. For example, growth and hard-linkage of the ETFZ influenced syn-rift sediment supply pathways and facies distributions in early syn-rift continental deposits. Overlying tidal deposits are composed of recurring TST and HST deposits that are interpreted to reflect the continuous creation of accommodation in the hangingwall to the fault zone. Finally, shallow marine deposits show marked variations in stratal stacking patterns and key stratal surface development that can be related to the evolving basin-bounding fault zone. The key generic observations from the outcrop and subsurface studies are: i) rift basin structural style during the early stages of rifting is markedly different to that encountered in the latter stages of rifting, ii) the growth of normal fault zones by segment linkage is an important process in the evolution of basin-bounding fault zones in rifts, iii) the temporal evolution of normal fault zones can only be determined by integrating detailed stratigraphic data with structural observations, iv) folding is an important element in the evolution of normal fault zones in extensional settings, v) syn-rift depositional patterns and the sequence stratigraphic evolution of rifts is strongly influenced by the evolution of fault zones and fault arrays.
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Flotté, Nicolas. "Caractérisation structurale et cinématique d'un rift sur détachement : le rift de Corinthe-Patras, Grèce." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112132.

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Une étude structurale de la marge sud du rift de Corinthe montre l'existence d'un détachement quaternaire qui traverse le nord du Péloponnèse du golfe Saronique au golfe de Patras, sur plus de 150km. Sa partie à terre est aujourd'hui inactive, avec un pendage actuel à l'émergence de 30-35ʿN et s'aplatissant vers le nord jusqu'à 0-10ʿN puis augmentant progressivement de pendage sous le golfe. D'autres failles normales, à plus fort pendage nord, affectent le toit du détachement et se sont progressivement branchées dessus. La restauration en profondeur suggère qu'il se prolonge sous le golfe dans la zone d'activité sismique à faible pendage vers le nord mise en évidence par les études sismologiques. Les failles actives de Psathopyrgos, Aigion et Héliké sont celles qui transfèrent actuellement en surface le jeu du détachement. L'émergence du détachement s'est initiée d'E en W il y a 1,7-1Ma et est scellée depuis environ 900ka. La déformation a ensuite progressivement migré vers le nord sur des systèmes de failles qui restent actifs durant une période de 250-400ka. Au niveau du golfe de Patras, les données de sismologie montrent que l'émergence du détachement est toujours active. Cette évolution différentielle des deux systèmes est accommodée des failles de transfert responsables du décalage de 25km entre les deux golfes. L'étude des calcites de failles montre que les brèches tectoniques sont cimentées par deux générations de calcites. La première s'est formée à partir d'une eau de formation à une profondeur supérieure à 1200m et la deuxième à partir d'une eau météorique à une profondeur de 500-1000m. Ces données permettent d'estimer un taux de surrection de 1,7-2,5mm/a comparable à celui déterminé sur la côte (e. G. Stiros, 1998). La datation de ces calcites par la méthode U/Th confirme l'âge récent du rift. Malgré de grandes incertitudes, les résultats obtenus valident l'application de cette méthode de datation dans des systèmes faillés quaternaires en milieu carbonatés
A structural study of the southern margin of the Corinth rift shows the existence of a quaternary detachment fault, which outcrops along 150km in the northern Peloponnese, from the Saronic gulf to the Patras gulf. Its onshore part is inactive. It dips 30-35ʿN, flats northward till 0-10ʿN and progressively increases beneath the gulf. Steeper normal faults cut through the hangingwall of the detachment and progressively branched onto it. Balanced cross-sections suggest that the onshore detachment prolonged beneath the gulf in the low-angle seismological zone. Since 300ky, the Psathopyrgos, Helike and Aigion active faults transfer the slip from the detachment to the surface. The emergence of the detachment initiated from east to west 1. 7-1My ago, and is sealed since roughly 900ky. The strain has progressively migrated toward the north on several fault-system which remained active during 250-400ky. In the gulf of Patras, seismological data show that the emergence of the detachment is still active. This differential evolution is accommodated by transfer-faults and led to the 25km shift of the Patras and Corinth gulfs. A study of fault-crystallisations shows that syntectonic breccias are cemented by two generations of calcite. The first was formed with formation water at a depth of more than 1200m and the second generation was formed with meteoric-water at a depth of 500-1000m. These data allow determining an uplift rate of 1. 7-2. 5mm/y. This result is close to uplift rates determined near the coast. Dating of these calcites by the U/Th method confirms the young age of the Corinth-Patras rift. The results show that this method is a reliable way for quaternary faults
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Books on the topic "Rif2"

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Europa, LINCOM, ed. Texts for linguistic analysis: Glossed narratives in Tarifit Berber. München: Lincom, 2008.

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Cody, Liza. Rift. London: Collins, 1988.

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Rift. New York: Scribner, 1988.

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Pfahler, Martin. £Riff. Frankfurt am Main: Revolver Archiv für aktuelle Kunst, 2003.

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Rift. London: Hodder Children's, 1999.

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Rift. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Penguin Books, 1989.

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Rift. Oslo: Aschehoug, 1998.

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Cody, Liza. Rift. London: Collins, 1989.

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Rift. New York: Ballantine Books, 2004.

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Birch, Beverley. Rift. London: Egmont, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rif2"

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McKittrick, Katherine. "Rift." In Keywords in Radical Geography: Antipode at 50, 243–47. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119558071.ch45.

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Abusamra, Khawla. "Rift Valley Fever." In Uveitis, 163–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52974-1_36.

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Kahloun, Rim, Imen Ksiaa, and Sonia Zaouali. "Rift Valley Fever." In Emerging Infectious Uveitis, 139–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23416-8_14.

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Scoon, Roger N. "The Gregory Rift." In Geology of National Parks of Central/Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania, 39–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73785-0_5.

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Misra, Achyuta Ayan, Neeraj Sinha, and Soumyajit Mukherjee. "The Gop Rift." In Atlas of Structural Geological Interpretation from Seismic Images, 229–33. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119158332.ch44.

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Seimon, Anton, and Andrew Plumptre. "Albertine Rift, Africa." In Climate and Conservation, 33–44. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-203-7_3.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Rift Valley Fever." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 921. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14715.

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Mohr, P., and P. Gouin. "Ethiopian Rift System." In Geodynamics: Progress and Prospects, 81–87. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/sp005p0081.

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Joordens, Steve, Aakriti Kapoor, and Bob Hofman. "Let's Riff Off RIFS (Relevant, Interesting, Fun, and Social)." In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education, 213–32. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8009-6.ch010.

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Online learning allows one to escape traditional constraints and to create learning experiences that allow interactions, and support learning, that would be difficult or impossible in brick and mortar contexts. In this chapter, the authors present a new RIFS taxonomy (Relevance, Interestingness, Fun, and Sociality) to highlight the factors that can make a learning experience especially engaging. They then discuss what they want students to learn when they are engaged in support of 21st century learning. With this context, they describe an initiative called The Global Teenager Project as a concrete example of how, with heavy support from online technologies, these factors can be combined to produce deep learning that students truly find meaningful.
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"RIT2." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 4745. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_103331.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rif2"

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Skogdalen, Jon Espen, Stein Haugen, Frode Heldal, Birger Holo, Eivind Okstad, Sunniva A. Steen, and Jan Erik Vinnem. "Analysis of Barriers in Marine Operations on Offshore Oil Installations." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79341.

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The project Risk Modeling – Integration of Organizational, Human and Technical factors is developing a model for quantifying barrier performance related to major risk hazards (OMT-model). The model combines knowledge relating to organizational, human and technical aspects, and is developed in close relationship between research centers, universities and offshore operators. The OMT-model has been tested for process leakages on onshore plants with good results. The same methodology has been used to identify the risk influence factors (RIF) — or Performance Shaping Factors — related to marine operations. One of the main risk contributors in a quantified risk analysis (QRA) is collision between FPSO and shuttle tanker and the method is used on this case. QRAs together with data from the yearly project “Trends in Risk Level” performed by the Petroleum Safety Authority in Norway, incident and accident investigations, operating procedures and expert judgment form the basis for identifying the RIFs and the results are summarized in this paper. By controlling the RIFs and accompanying identified root causes the probability and consequences of a hazard or accident will be largely reduced compared with the present situation.
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Farid, Farzad, Raed Lubbad, and Kenneth Eik. "A Hybrid Bayesian Belief Network Model for Risk Modeling of Arctic Marine Operations." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23926.

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Optimizing the design of offshore structures to withstand ice loads is a challenging task and various efforts are under way to develop robust concepts with acceptable structural safety. To ameliorate the deficiencies of structural design, as well as to reduce the costs of such Arctic offshore field developments, ice management operations may be considered to reduce the ice severity. Ice management in sea ice will typically involve use of 1 to 4 icebreakers depending on the operating environment. The ice management fleet is aimed at protecting the offshore installation by breaking the incoming ice into smaller pieces and by reducing the confinement in the ice cover. Failure of such a marine operation in the demanding Arctic environment can threaten the integrity of the offshore platforms or drilling units, e.g. by increasing the chances of failure of mooring lines in the occurrence of extreme events. Therefore, understanding the causes of such potential failure, as well as the factors influencing it is of crucial importance in order to plan for and mitigate the risks. Factors with an influence on the risk are called risk influencing factors (RIFs) and can be technical, organizational and human. RIFs are identified and structured in this study in a way that they affect the basic events of a conventional fault tree analysis and consequently the total risk. In this study, the RIFs are treated as uncertain variables. The established model is called a hybrid model because it is a merger of a Bayesian belief network (BBN) for the RIF structure and a conventional fault tree model. The Bayesian framework provides the opportunity for updating of the model constituents as more evidence becomes available over time. Case studies are defined to illustrate the methodology. Results show how the improvement in the status of the RIFs (better practices) can improve the reliability of the mooring lines of a floating unit and how the precision in data and other model parameters affect the results. At the end, an investment priority measure is proposed that can help in determining where among the various influencing factors the available limited resources should be spent in a way that it results in maximum gain in ultimate reliability.
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Wu, Song, and Michael S. Lew. "RIFF." In MM '14: 2014 ACM Multimedia Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2647868.2654994.

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Elling, Reece P., Carol A. Stein, Seth Stein, Jonas Kley, G. Randy Keller, and Michael Wysession. "THE MIDCONTINENT RIFT: A RIFT-LIP HYBRID." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-304904.

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Scholz, Christopher A. "Advancing Models of Facies Variability and Lacustrine Source Rock Accumulation in Rifts: Implications for Exploration." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2577056-ms.

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ABSTRACT Important syn-rift hydrocarbon discoveries in the Tertiary East African Rift and in the South Atlantic subsalt basins have in recent years promoted renewed interest in the variability of source and reservoir rock facies in continental rifts. This talk considers several important new observations and developments in our understanding of the sedimentary evolution of lacustrine rift basins. Offshore subsalt basins in the South Atlantic demonstrate the importance of lacustrine carbonates, and especially microbialites, as reservoir facies in extensional systems. The role of rift-related magmatism is significant in these basins, both as drivers of hydrothermal systems around and within rift lakes, and as a source of solutes that facilitate carbonate accumulations. In the Tertiary East African Rift, substantial new hydrocarbon resources have been identified, including onshore siliciclastic reservoirs in remarkably young and shallow parts of the sedimentary section in the Albertine Graben. Rollover anticlines and fault-related folds serve as important structures for several new fields in the East African Rift, but larger structures affiliated with accommodation zones, in many instances located far offshore in the modern lakes, remain untested. Lacustrine source rocks that accumulated in stratified lake basins are the source of the oil and gas in these systems, however there is still much to be learned about their spatial and temporal variability. There is observed considerable variation in the character of organic matter on the floors of modern African lake basins, even adjacent ones. A number of factors likely govern the amount of total organic carbon preserved within the basins. These include 1) primary productivity; 2) degree of siliciclastic dilution, which is controlled in part by offshore slopes and the extent of onshore catchments, and 3) physical limnology, controlled by climate and basin-scale physiography, and the fetch-depth ratio of the lakes, which determines the likelihood of water column stratification. Scientific drilling in the African Rift lake basins is providing considerable information on the high temporal hydroclimate variability of the region, especially in the later Tertiary and Quaternary, which substantially controls basin lithofacies.
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Tolkunov, A., S. Stovba, E. Dvorianin, and B. Krivchenkov. "Dnieper Donets Rift Basin, Ukraine - Post-rift evolution." In 58th EAEG Meeting. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201409094.

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Stein, Carol A., Seth Stein, Jonas Kley, G. Randy Keller, Douglas Wiens, Michael Wysession, Ghassan Aleqabi, et al. "NORTH AMERICA’S MIDCONTINENT RIFT: WHEN RIFT MET LIP." In 50th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016nc-275272.

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Witte, Jan, Daniel Trümpy, and Hans Georg Babies. "The Role of Neo-Tectonics in Oil Migration, Lake Turkana Region, Kenya." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2574239-ms.

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ABSTRACT Numerous oil seeps have been documented in the Turkana Basin, western Kenya. However, no commercial oil has been found here to date. Recently discovered substantial oil fields in the nearby Lokichar Basin indicate that oil migration can be complex in these rift basins and may pose an exploration risk. We present a new fault and lineament map of the Turkana-Lokichar Basins, integrated with present-day stress data, oil seeps and known prospects. Digital terrain data, satellite images, geological maps, seep and gravity data were integrated into a GIS-database, to superimpose the data and to test it for spatial correlations. Digital terrain data, satellite images, gravity and structural maps were used to conduct detailed mapping of the fault and lineament network. The seep and prospect maps are based on the integration of different public data sources. Four main fault sets are recognized in the basin (~N-S, W-E, NW-SE and SW-NE). Careful analysis of topographic data along both shores of Lake Turkana reveals numerous fault scarps, indicative of recent tectonic activity (particularly the N-S and NW-SE set). The area is presently under NW-SE oriented extension, implying that most of the rift-parallel N-S faults are under oblique dextral transtension. The majority of the documented oil seeps and slicks are found to be associated with rift-parallel faults but also occasionally with the W-E trending set. Recently published neo-tectonic and isostatic uplift data indicate that the highest level of recent fault activity is presently found close to the rift axis and dominantly on the rift-parallel fault sets. We conclude that ~N-S and W-E oriented faults are the most conductive pathways for hydrocarbons in this region under the present-day stress field (and likely throughout the Mio-Pliocene). We further observe that several prospects of the NW-SE trend have seepages associated with them, which could be indicative of breached traps, especially close to the rift axis where faults are most active. Our assessment should help to better understand migration pathways and exploration risks in the Turkana Basin. We encourage explorers to carefully map fault networks, investigate active fault scarps, age-date them where possible, test them for spatial correlation with oil seeps and evaluate them within the context of the present-day stress field. In consequence these workflows will help mitigate exploration risks in the Turkana-Lokichar Basins and similar tectonic settings.
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Moretti, I., J. P. Delhomme, F. Cornet, and P. Bernard. "The Corinth Rift Laboratory." In 63rd EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.15.n-23.

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Wang, M., M. Raju, E. Pomraning, P. Kundu, Y. Pei, and S. Som. "Comparison of Representative Interactive Flamelet and Detailed Chemistry Based Combustion Models for Internal Combustion Engines." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5522.

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Representative Interactive Flamelet (RIF) and Detailed Chemistry based combustion models are two commonly used combustion models for non-premixed diesel engine simulations. RIF performs transient chemistry calculations on a one-dimensional grid based on the mixture fraction coordinate. Hence, the chemistry calculations are essentially decoupled from the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) grid. The detailed chemistry model, on the other hand, solves transient chemistry in the 3D CFD domain. An efficient parallelization strategy is used for the computation of the multiple flamelets RIF model. The multiple flamelets RIF and detailed chemistry combustion models are applied for modeling a constant volume spray combustion case and a diesel engine case, with a view to compare the differences between the two models. Results for ignition delay, flame lift-off length, cylinder pressure, and emissions are compared with experimental data. The effect of number of flamelets is evaluated. Finally, the effect of spray cooling is investigated based on the results from the RIF model and the detailed chemistry based combustion model.
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Reports on the topic "Rif2"

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Kleinrock, Martin C., Peter R. Shaw, and Deborah K. Smith. Seafloor Characterization/Galapagos Propagating Rift. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada272001.

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Cecile, M. P., B. S. Norford, G. S. Nowlan, and T. T. Uyeno. Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy and geology, Richardson Mountains, Yukon (with stratigraphic and paleontological appendices). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329454.

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The Richardson Trough was a rift basin on the southern margin of an ancestral Iapetus Ocean. It was part of a complex paleogeography that included at least two major rift basins on western Franklinian and northern Cordilleran continental shelves. This paleogeography included the Ogilvie Arch, Porcupine Platform, Blackstone 'supra-basin', Babbage Basin, Husky Lakes Arch, Richardson Trough, Mackenzie Arch, Lac des Bois Platform, and the White Mountains and Campbell uplifts. The Richardson Trough was the failed arm of a triple rift system that formed when an early Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean developed north of the trough. The Richardson Trough displays a classic 'steer's head' profile with two rift fill cycles. The first features late early to middle late Cambrian rifting and late late Cambrian to late Early Ordovician post-rift subsidence; the second, late Early Ordovician to early Silurian rifting and late early Silurian to early Middle Devonian post-rift subsidence. Lower Paleozoic strata exposed in the Richardson Trough range in age from middle Cambrian to early Middle Devonian and are similar to strata in their sister rift, the Misty Creek Embayment. Before this study, the stratigraphic units defined for the Richardson Trough were the Slats Creek Formation and the Road River Formation. Here, the Slats Creek Formation and a new Road River Group are recognized. In order, this group consists of the middle and/or late Cambrian to Early Ordovician Cronin Formation; the early Early Ordovician to latest early Silurian Mount Hare Formation; the early Silurian to late Silurian Tetlit Formation; and the late Silurian to early Middle Devonian Vittrekwa Formation. These Road River Group strata are unconformably overlain by the late Middle to Late Devonian Canol Formation (outcrop) and by the Early Devonian Tatsieta Formation (subsurface).
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Keen, C. E., K. Dickie, L. T. Dafoe, T. Funck, J. K. Welford, S A Dehler, U. Gregersen, and K J DesRoches. Rifting and evolution of the Labrador-Baffin Seaway. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321854.

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The evolution of the 2000 km long Mesozoic rift system underlying the Labrador-Baffin Seaway is described, with emphasis on results from geophysical data sets, which provide the timing, sediment thickness, and crustal structure of the system. The data sets include seismic reflection and refraction, gravity, and magnetic data, with additional constraints provided by near-surface geology and well data. Many features that characterize rift systems globally are displayed, including: wide and narrow rift zones; magma-rich and magma-poor margin segments; exhumation of continental mantle in distal, magma-poor zones; and occurrences of thick basalts, associated with the development of seaward-dipping reflectors, and magmatic underplating. The magma-rich regions were affected by Paleogene volcanism, perhaps associated with a hotspot or plume. Plate reconstructions help elucidate the plate tectonic history and modes of rifting in the region; however, many questions remain unanswered with respect to this rift system.
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Guth, Alexandria. Maps of the Southern Kenya Rift. Geological Society of America, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2014.dmch016.

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Gregersen, U., P. C. Knutz, G. K. Pedersen, H. Nøhr-Hansen, J. R. Ineson, L. M. Larsen, J R Hopper, et al. Stratigraphy of the West Greenland Margin. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321849.

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The stratigraphy and the geological evolution of the West Greenland margin from the Labrador Sea to Baffin Bay in both the onshore and offshore areas are described. The primary data sets include seismic reflection surveys, wells, and outcrops. In addition, seabed samples, seismic refraction and magnetic data, onshore and offshore maps, and stratigraphic compilations were used. The basins of the West Greenland continental margin are described in three regions from the south to the north: southern West Greenland basins, central West Greenland basins, and northern West Greenland basins. Each region includes a description of the stratigraphy and evolution from the Archean to the Quaternary, divided into six phases: pre-rift and early extension, early rift, subsidence and rifting, late rift, drift, and post-drift. Finally, the regions are correlated and described in a tectonostratigraphic context together with analogues from the Canadian conjugate margin.
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Short, Kevin R. The Anzus Rift: The Politics of the Matter. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada388821.

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Ohler, Fritz, and Anton Geyer. Zwischenevaluierung der RIF 2000 Regionale Impulsförderung. Technopolis Forschungs- und Beratungsges.m.b.H, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2005.184.

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Quat, M., B. Turner, R. Debicki, and P. Thurston. Temiskaming Shores: flat farmland, diamonds and a rift valley. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329920.

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Bergseth, Brock. Modern slavery rife in the ‘last frontier’ at sea. Edited by Reece Hooker. Monash University, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/2ca0-ebb8.

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Abebe, Tsegaye. Geological map (scale 1:200,000) of the northern Main Ethiopian Rift and its implications for the volcano-tectonic evolution of the rift. Geological Society of America, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/mch094.

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