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1
Le, Guellec-Minel Anne. "Le roman épique australien de Patrick White : entre réalisme et mysticisme, une poétique de l'effort et de la modernité : étude de la trilogie romanesque de 1956 à 1961 : The Tree of Man, Voss, Riders in the Chariot." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100101.
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La thèse évalue la réussite de l'ambition affichée par l'écrivain australien Patrick White (1912-1990) de réaliser un roman épique australien digne de fonder la littérature d'une nation nouvelle. Le travail étudie plus particulièrement The Tree of Man (1955), Voss (1957) et Riders in the Chariot (1961), romans qui lui ont valu le Prix Nobel en 1973. La thèse étudie les caractéristiques du personnage épique dans le roman whitien, en rapport avec la tradition de l'épopée classique mais aussi avec le roman nationaliste australien. Puis elle s'intéresse aux caractéristiques de l'action et de sa conduite dans le cadre du roman, mais aussi dans une logique mystique qui définit un rapport spécifique à la nature et à la psychologie nationale. Enfin, elle étudie des procédés stylistiques liés à la tradition rhétorique épique, ainsi que des effets de sublime, mais aussi l'ironie critique qui est à la fois l'héritage d'une tradition romanesque moderne et la base d'un discours épique novateur<br>The Australian writer and Nobel Prize winner Patrick White (191. 2-1990) had the avowed ambition, in the 1950s, to write the Crreat Australian Novel which would found the literature of a new nation. This thesis sets out to assess the success of this undertaking by looking at The Tree of Man (1955), Voss (1957) and Ridera in the Chariot (1961) in particular. The first part studies the characteristics of the epic hero in White's novels, with regard to the classic epic tradition, as well as the Australian nationalist novel. The second part deals with plot, showing how events are ordered according to a quest pattern on both a realistic and a mystical level, establishing a specific relation to Nature and defining a specifically Australian world-view. The third part attempts to show how White's use of stylistic devices belonging to the epic rhetorical tradition, of the sublime, but also of an irony specific to the novel form, ail contribute to the ground-breaking status of his epic writing
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Wells-Green, James Harold, and n/a. "Contrivance, artifice, and art: satire and parody in the novels of Patrick White." University of Canberra. Creative Communication, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060418.131055.
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This study arose out of what I saw as a gap in the criticism of Patrick White's
fiction in which satire and its related subversive forms are largely overlooked. It
consequently reads five of White's post-1948 novels from the standpoint of satire.
It discusses the history and various theories of satire to develop an analytic
framework appropriate to his satire and it conducts a comprehensive review of the
critical literature to account for the development of the dominant orthodox
religious approach to his fiction. It compares aspects of White's satire to aspects
of the satire produced by some of the notable exemplars of the English and
American traditions and it takes issue with a number of the readings produced by
the religious and other established approaches to White's fiction.
I initially establish White as a satirist by elaborating the social satire that
emerges incidentally in The Tree of Man and rather more episodically in Voss. I
investigate White's sources for Voss to shed light on the extent of his engagement
with history, on his commitment to historical accuracy, and on the extent to which
this is a serious high-minded historical work in which he seeks to teach us more
about our selves, particularly about our history and identity. The way White
expands his satire in Voss given that it is an eminently historical novel is
instructive in terms of his purposes. I illustrate White's burgeoning use of satire
by elaborating the extended and sometimes extravagant satire that he develops in
Riders in the Chariot, by investigating the turn inwards upon his own creative
activity that occurs when he experiments with a variant subversive form, satire by
parody, in The Eye of the Storm, and by examining his use of the devices, tropes,
and strategies of post-modem grotesque satire in The Twyborn Affair.
My reading of White's novels from the standpoint of satire enables me to
identify an important development within his oeuvre that involves a shift away
from the symbolic realism of The Aunt's Story (1948) and the two novels that
precede it to a mode of writing that is initially historical in The Tree of Man and
Voss but which becomes increasingly satirical as White expands his satire and
experiments with such related forms as burlesque, parody, parodic satire, and
grotesque satire in his subsequent novels. I thus chart a change in the nature of
his satire that reflects a dramatic movement away from the ontological concerns
of modernism to the epistemological concerns of post-modernism. Consequent
upon this, I pinpoint the changes in the philosophy that his satire bears as its
ultimate meaning.
I examine the links between the five novels and White's own period to
establish the socio-historical referentiality of his satire. I argue that because his
engagement with Australian history, society, and culture, is ongoing and
thorough, then these five novels together comprise a subjective history of the
period, serving to complement our knowledge in these areas. This study
demonstrates that White's writing, because of the ongoing development of his
satire, is never static but ever-changing. He is not simply or exclusively a
religious or otherwise metaphysical novelist, or a symbolist-allegorist, or a
psychological realist, or any other kind of generic writer. Finally, I demonstrate
that White exceeds the categories that his critics have tried to impose upon him.
3
Dupuy, Christine. "Guidage cartésien d'un chariot d'atelier." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604768w.
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Dupuy, Christine. "Guidage cartésien d'un chariot d'atelier." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ESAE0004.
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Les travaux réalisés s'inscrivent dans le cadre de recherches sur les robots mobiles d'atelier en vue d'accroître leur flexibilité quant à la modification des trajectoires et à l'extension du réseau et à plus long terme leur autonomie d'évolution. Ces chariots autonomes appartiennent à une nouvelle génération apparue afin de s'affranchir des contraintes imposées par le fil ou tout autre moyen de guidage impliquant la matérialisation des chemins à suivre. Afin de permettre l'exécution de manœuvres complexes, telles que notamment l'évitement d'obstacles, et la reconfiguration rapide et peu coûteuse des trajectoires, les recherches se sont orientées vers une commande des chariots permettant le suivi de trajectoires non matérialisées : le guidage cartésien. Ce type de commande permet de connaître à tout instant la position et l'orientation du véhicule dans divers référentiels de travail : le système de planification et de gestion de l'atelier ont alors accès à tout instant à ces informations. Notre travail a consisté à concevoir et réaliser le guidage cartésien d'un chariot autonome évoluant dans un environnement coopératif partiellement connu.
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Sanhueza, Acosta Héctor, and Ejzman Rubén Carreño. "Chile free riders." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/137568.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Administración<br>Héctor Sanhueza Acosta [Parte I], Rubén Carreño Ejzman [Parte II]<br>El proyecto presentado persigue cubrir la necesidad creciente de un universo emergente de
turistas globales, caracterizados por la búsqueda de experiencias auténticas, contacto con
culturas locales, y actividades orientadas al turismo aventura. Hoy a Chile se le reconoce
mundialmente por sus ventajas para practicar turismo aventura, lo cual representa una clara
oportunidad en un segmento de mercado que ha crecido en forma exponencial en los últimos
años, tanto en clientes como en ingresos.
Chile Free Riders vincula el uso de plataformas campers con el turismo aventura de tipo
ecológico, étnico y explorador, en un formato flexible y respetuoso del medioambiente y del
entorno sociocultural a través del arriendo de vehículos campers, asistencia en ruta,
programación de viajes y asesoría de un guía presencial. La propuesta apunta a que el
cliente intervenga directamente en el diseño de las experiencias que busca para su viaje,
generando flexibilidad y valor agregado en la asesoría de éste.
De la investigación de campo se pudo determinar que la idea es familiar en el 52% de los
turistas que se encuestaron, sin embargo un 62% no lo harían en Chile básicamente por
desconocimiento de las rutas atractivas, necesidad que se busca cubrir a través del diseño
personalizado de rutas y la asistencia en viaje.
La industria del turismo mundial acusa un crecimiento sistemático y sostenido en el tiempo,
lo que apoyado por políticas públicas locales, planes de desarrollo sistemático de
institucionalidad y apoyo constante de comercialización de la imagen país en el mundo
generan un ambiente propicio para lograr que este tipo de iniciativas prosperen con éxito.
La recuperación de la inversión se haría en 3 años y 9 meses, se espera un VAN de $ 239
millones y una TIR de 25.79 %, esto evaluado a una tasa de descuento del 12,39 %.
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Carson, Michael 1959. "Riders to the Sea." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277892/.
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Riders to the Sea is a chamber opera in one act of approximately 40 minutes in duration. The single act is divided into six scenes that progress without pause. The vocal parts are comprised of 2 sopranos, 1 mezzo-soprano, 1 baritone, and an off-stage chorus of men's voices (tenor I, tenor II, baritone, and bass; two per part). The orchestra will be comprised of winds (1-1-1-1-1), brass (2-2-1-1), strings (2-2-2-2-1), piano, 2 percussionists, and tape, that will be used to provide a continuous background of surf and wind sounds. Authentic Irish folk songs are threaded throughout the work, generally functioning as a background element, while twentieth-century compositional techniques are utilized primarily for special effects.
7
Wu, Hsiao-yun. "The Zhou chariot : Politics, cultures interactions, and identity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527324.
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Pinheiro, Elias Manuel Morgado. "The origin and spread of the war chariot." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5485.
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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em História - Civilizações do Médio Oriente e Ásia Antiga<br>Uma das mais bem sucedidas tecnologias da Idade do Bronze foi o carro de guerra. O seu sucesso levou a uma dispersão inaudita através da Ásia. A problemática das suas origens é tradicionalmente abordada numa base regional. O presente estudo pretende abordar o assunto de um ponto de vista trans-regional, focando as ligações existentes entre diferentes regiões, de forma a gerar uma visão mais abrangente do problema. Para além disso, procura evidenciar as ligações existentes entre as regiões mais periféricas, a Índia e a China, e o tradicional núcleo de desenvolvimento do carro de guerra, a Ásia Ocidental e as estepes Eurasiáticas.
Considerando as ligações entre as estepes a sul do Urais e a Ásia Ocidental, é possível concluir que os primeiros passos no desenvolvimento do carro de guerra ocorreram nas estepes da região de Sintashta, c. 2000 BC. Contudo, na Ásia Ocidental, essa tecnologia foi mais tarde adaptada a modelos autóctones, de forma a criar um veículo melhor equipado para lidar com as necessidades locais. Apesar da existência de pequenas adaptações locais, as semelhanças entre os vários modelos de carros de guerra permitem rejeitar a possibilidade de um desenvolvimento independente em diferentes regiões. De facto, é possível identificar uma só tradição referente ao carro de guerra ao longo do continente asiático, da Ásia Ocidental à China, e das estepes Eurasiáticas à Índia.
9
ZHANG, LIFEI. "Localisation et guidage par camera d'un chariot suivant un trajet marque." Rennes, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAR0006.
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Presentation d'un systeme de videoguidage dans lequel une camera analyse la trajectoire a une distance d'environ un metre a l'avant du chariot, qui permet le guidage lateral et la localisation longitudinale du chariot
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Morris, Christine Elizabeth. "The Mycenaean chariot krater : a study in form, design and function." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308529.
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Dumon, Sébastien. "Guidage par recalage laser d'un chariot de manutention en milieu industriel structuré." Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE2074.
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Cette thèse traite d'un système de guidage par recalage laser de chariots de manutention sans conducteur en milieu industriel structuré. A partir d'un contexte de travail existant, un principe de localisation relative, puis absolue, est proposé. Les performances des capteurs choisis y sont étudiées et leurs limites mises en évidence, notamment en terme de précision et de portée. L'axe principal des travaux présentés concerne l'étude de la navigation de chariots dans un environnement connu. La création et le suivi de trajectoires répondent aux contraintes et besoins du fonctionnement d'une usine de production, en respectant les précisions, les gabarits et les cadences. On y introduit le principe de "l'antenne virtuelle" pour le suivi de ligne droite et la notion de virages "traînes" et de virages "surcompensés". Une trajectoire particulière est également présentée : le changement de ligne permettant de relier deux lignes parallèles entre elles. Par ailleurs, un concept d'apprentissage de circuit sur site est décrit, avec pour objectif de le compléter par des outils performants, apparentés notamment à la CAO. Enfin, la présentation d'applications industrielles vient compléter le mémoire, soulignant ainsi la validité et les limites du système de guidage proposé.
12
Xia, Lei. "Discovering free-riders before trading : a simple approach /." View abstract or full-text, 2010. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CSED%202010%20XIA.
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Duff-Riddell, Caroline. "Young horse-riders and their parents : an investigation into the parent-child interaction and the achievement goal profiles of horse-riders." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10404.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-142).<br>In this study, the goal orientations of female riders between the ages of 7 and 20 and their parents are investigated. Goal orientations were identified by means of the Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport (AGQ-S) for: the daughter; the daughter's perceptions of her dominant-parent's goal orientation for the daughter; both parents' goal orientations; and both parents' stated goal orientations for their daughter. The rider's goal orientations were compared with: the rider's perception of her dominant-parent's goal orientation; both parents' goal orientations for the daughter; and both parents' own goal orientations.
14
Teng, Chao-Ming S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "T Talk : a local communication channel for subway riders." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41746.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2007.<br>The goal of T Talk, is to utilize the tens of minutes of subway waiting time everyday as an opportunity for reading and appreciation of the complexity and diversity of the city, and developing an awareness of and social support from the subway riding community. T Talk is an open, asynchronous, and anonymous communication channel designed specifically for subway riders. T Talk consists of three major components for users participation: a kiosk installed on subway platforms for riders to post new messages and browse/reply to messages left by others; an in-house produced daily newspaper whose contents are the collection of messages and replies submitted during the previous day; an SMS server that enables riders to post and reply to messages without the constraint of time and space. This thesis details the iterations of design and implementation of T Talk, a complete description on the nine-session user study I conducted, and lessons learned during the process.<br>by Chao-Ming Teng.<br>S.M.
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Bignold, Wendy. "Unicycling and identity : narratives of motivation in young riders." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501736.
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This ethnographic study explores the unusual, lifestyle sport of unicycling with a particular focus on young riders. It arises from the author's own immersion in a unicycling culture over some 8 years, and from answers to the 3, primarily educational, questions which this involvement prompted; these concern concepts of motivation; identity; and ach/evemenf. The questions themselves provide the basis tor tne design oT tne study ana tne consequent analysis or data.
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Mohammedi, Yahya. "Étude préliminaire d'implémentation d'un capteur ultrason sur chariot élévateur pour la détection des obstacles." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1427/1/030098539.pdf.
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Tanaka, H., H. Fujimura, C. Miyajima, T. Nishino, K. Itou, and K. Takeda. "Data Collection and Evaluation of Speech Recognition for Motorbike Riders." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10459.
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Kramer, Jessica Colleen. "The Roman Riders: Ethnicity and Iconography on Roman Cavalrymen Tombstones." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4343.
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The funerary grave stelae of the Roman cavalrymen are large, impressive monuments set apart from their military counterparts by the ornate relief carvings which they exhibit. The two most common motifs featured on these tombstones are the rider relief motifs and the totenmahl motifs. Aspects of both the reliefs and the inscribed epitaphs are distinctly characteristic of the Roman military. Throughout the history of the Roman Empire, men in the auxiliary cavalry units were recruited from non-Roman allied tribes. These recruits brought with them foreign languages, customs, and beliefs. Through a comparative study of Roman cavalry tombstones found in Great Britain, Germany, and Syria, I have attempted to identify iconographic and epigraphic elements that are evidence of the ethnic origins of the cavalrymen who are commemorated on these funerary monuments.
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Grove, Jama McMurtery. "Uneasy Waters: The Night Riders at Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee, 1908." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1496.
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On October 19, 1908, night riders at Reelfoot Lake, Tennessee kidnapped and murdered Captain Quentin Rankin, an attorney and shareholder in the West Tennessee Land Company. The murder made national news, with coverage emphasizing the night riders' demand for fishing rights. In response, Governor Malcolm Patterson called out the militia to suppress the uprising and advocated for state acquisition of the lake as a means to prevent further violence. In the accepted historical narrative, the uprising at Reelfoot Lake represents an example of rural resistance to the threat that modernization posed to traditional access rights but ignores much of the violence that proceeded Rankin's murder. When contextualized within local conditions and Tennessee's political climate, the night riders' crimes reveal a targeted attack on the exploding cotton economy in which the lake became the arena where farmers contested the agricultural, social, and political changes that accompanied this new economic system.
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Wu, Chia-Chin. "Static and dynamic analyses of mountain bikes and their riders." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4159/.
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Mountain biking is a globally popular sport, in which the rider uses a mountain bike to ride on off-road terrain. A mountain bike has either a front suspension system only or a full-suspension system to decrease the external vibration resulting from the terrain irregularities and to increase riding comfort. Despite the added comfort of full-suspension of mountain bikes, there are some disadvantages because the chain-suspension interaction and bobbing effect absorb some of the rider's pedalling power and lead to the reduction of pedalling efficiency. In this study, a technique for evaluating the pedalling efficiency of a bike rider in seated cycling by using engineering mechanics is developed. This method is also found to be useful for determining the correct crank angle for the beginning of the downstroke and that of the upstroke during each pedalling cycle. Next, five mathematical models of rider-bike systems are developed in Simulink and SimMechanics, including one hard-tail (HT) bike, and four full-suspension (FS) bikes [single pivot, four-bar-linkage horst link, four-bar-linkage faux bar, and virtual pivot point (VPP)]. In each of the five rider-bike systems, a PID controller is applied on the rider's elbow to prevent his upper body from falling down due to gravity. A pedalling controller is also developed in Simulink, which is based on the previous theory for evaluating the rider's pedalling efficiency written in Matlab. Another PID controller is used for the pedalling control by sensing the real-time moving speed and applying a suitable pedalling force to achieve a desired speed. The dynamic responses for each of the five rider-bike systems moving on a flat road surface (without bumps) and rough terrain (with bumps) are investigated. The values determined include the pedalling force, pedalling torque and power, forward velocity, contact forces of front and rear wheels, compressions of front suspension (front fork) and rear suspension (rear shock absorber), sprocket distance, chain tension force, and vertical accelerations of handlebar and seats. The numerical results reveal that, while moving on flat road surface, the pedalling efficiency of hard-tail bike is highest, and the bobbing effect of the VPP bike is most serious. However, while moving on rough terrain, the riding conditions for each of the four full-suspension bikes are more stable than the hard-tail bike.
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Alldredge, Cherissa R. "Public Transportation Accessibility: Perceptions of Riders with Disabilities in Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7634.
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Transportation plays an essential role in social inclusion and participation, subjective well-being, and overall quality of life. A lack of private transportation options may make individuals with disabilities more dependent on public transportation systems. Despite increased use, people with disabilities continue to report barriers accessing public transportation services. Interestingly, little is known about these barriers at the regional transportation district level. The purpose of this study was to better understand the barriers and perceived accessibility of the Utah Transit Authority’s (UTA) public transportation system for individuals with disabilities living within the UTA service area.
Using an online survey, data were collected from 327 individuals with disabilities, family members of individuals with disabilities, or others who work with individuals with disabilities. This study found that individuals with disabilities generally have neutral to somewhat positive (accessible) views of UTA’s transportation services though there are differences based on disability type, modes of services used in general and specifically regarding fixed route service modes, and frequency of ridership are considered; that despite these neutral to somewhat accessible perceptions, barriers to accessing UTA’s fixed route and paratransit services exist, though there are differences based on disability type, modes of fixed route services used, and ridership frequency; and local and national policy changes may be necessary to resolve these barriers. The findings of this study have implications for UTA, other regional transportation districts, local and national transportation policy stakeholders, and the research community. For example, additional research is necessary to fully understand the specific system components which make UTA’s public transportation more accessible than has been indicated in previous studies, including an understanding of how these accessible practices could be generalized to other public transportation providers. Findings from future research could, in turn, be used to improve access to public transportation for individuals with disabilities. It is recognized that this study’s focus on electronic data collection and the potential influence of small subsamples underscores the need for additional research on the topics of perceived accessibility of public transportation and barriers to using public transportation services for individuals with disabilities.
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Hart, Claire M. "Free-riders, faultlines and fissions : understanding transformations within small task groups." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414692.
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Holtkamp, Nicholas C. "To decide to ride and bide information processing among bus riders /." Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/37256.
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Moreira, Joana Conceição 1975. "The use of market research methods in understanding choice transit riders." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80950.
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Klofsten, Joel, and Tunhult Dennis Karlsson. "LED-konvertering och omberarbetning av frontkåpa på Husqvarna riders 300-serie." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35150.
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Lindvert, Malin. "Korrelation mellan sprinttid och vertikal hopphöjd hos ryttare." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31856.
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Abstract It has been shown that horse riding is a comprehensive exercise in which many of the body's muscle groups are activated. Horse riding can improve your coordination, strength, flexibility, balance, conditioning, posture and perception. The relationship between jump and sprint in explosive sports such as football, basketball and handball is well-studied. However, few studies have examined this relationship in sports where no explosively training is involved, such as horseback riding. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the sprint capacity of 5 and 20 meters and jump height in a countermovement jump and squat jump of riders. In this study, 15 riders were analyzed and volunteered as test subjects, performed a predicted maximal 5 and 20-m sprints, vertical jump height by squat jumps (SJ), and countermovement jumps (CMJ). To analyze the relationship between SJ, CMJ, and 5 and 20 m sprinted, Spermans correlations of coefficient was used. Acorrelation between 0.3-0.49 was considered as moderate, all that is over this is a strong correlations and everything below is weak. All jump was shown a strong negative linear correlation with sprint time of 5 to 20 m, SJ at 5 m rs = -0.69 , SJ at 20 m rs = -0.74 . The jump CMJ showed follow result at 5 m rs = -0.56 , CMJ at 20 m rs= -0.51 . The result of the strong negative linear correlation demonstrates that the higher the vertical jump height the rider has, the stronger is the relationship with sprint speed. Vertical jump height and the correlation between vertical jump height and sprint at riders seem to be comparable to the correlation seen in athletes who exercise more explosive sports.<br>Sammanfattning Det har visat sig att ridning är en allsidig träning där många av kroppens muskelgrupper aktiveras. Ridning ger förbättrad koordination, styrka, rörlighet, balans, kondition, hållning samt perception. Sambandet mellan hopp och sprint i explosiva idrotter såsom fotboll, basket, handboll är välstuderat, men få studier har studerat detta samband i idrotter som inte tränar explosivt, såsom ridning. Syftet med studien var att undersöka sambandet mellan sprintförmågan på 5 och 20 meter samt hopphöjden i ett countermovement jump (CMJ) och squat jump (SJ) hos ryttare. I studien deltog och analyserades 15 kvinnliga ryttare i vertikal hopphöjd genom SJ och CMJ samt 5 och 20 meter sprint. För att studera sambandet mellan SJ, CMJ samt 5 och 20 m sprinttid användes Spermans korrelations kofficient (rs). En korrelation mellan 0.3-0.49 räknas som moderat, allt som är över räknas som starka korrelationer samt allt under 0,3 räknas som svaga. Vid samtliga hopp visades en stark negativ linjär korrelation med sprinttiden 5 och 20 m, följande resultat visades för SJ vid 5 m rs= -0,69 och SJ vid 20 m rs= -0,74. Vid hoppet CMJ visades följande resultat på 5 m rs= -0,56, CMJ vid 20 m rs=-0.51. Resultatet av den starka negativa linjära korrelationen påvisar att ju högre vertikal hopphöj ryttaren har desto starkare samband finns med sprinthastigheten. Vertikal hopphöjd och korrelationen mellan vertikal hopphöjd och sprint hos ryttare verkar vara jämförbar med den korrelation som ses hos idrottare som utövar mer explosiva sporter.
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Bourret, Pierre-Étienne. "Mesure de l'impédance mécanique du membre supérieur d'un cariste lors du renversement latéral d'un chariot élévateur." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006.
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Bell, Perry Sinclair. "Images of chariot racing in the funerary sculpture of the Roman Empire : typology, chronology and context." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25086.
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Among the many forms of spectacles that were staged in Imperial Rome and its provinces, chariot racing is arguably the one most often represented in the visual arts, where it appears in public, domestic and funerary contexts. This dissertation analyses the role and significance of chariot racing in Roman society through its visual representation in funerary sculpture. The work is structured into two parts: a survey and critical analysis of images of the chariot race and of its constituent parts, the charioteer and race horse; and an illustrated catalogue of the monuments. The first chapter situates the aims of the dissertation within the framework of past and current research in Roman art, in particular studies of scenes of spectacles on funerary monuments. A statistical analysis of the corpus surveys the different forms of circus scenes (i.e. realistic, mythological), the various types of sculptured monuments, and their dates and contexts. The subsequent chapters discuss the imagery on these monuments, including ash urns, grave altars, sarcophagi, reliefs, portrait busts, statues and statuettes. The analysis of each image explicates its dating and provenance (where known), fixes its iconography within the common patrimony of circus scenes, and considers its viewership and interpretation in light of epigraphic and literary sources, and contextual data. Traditionally interpreted by scholars in dichotomous terms, as either eschatologically symbolic or purely decorative in meaning, circus scenes are shown in this work to communicate a broad range of associations, the meanings of which are contingent upon heterogeneous factors specific to each representation. By foregrounding social historical analysis, the significance of this imagery in the commemoration of ancient Romans is clarified, from the self-representation of circus personalities, like charioteers, to the image of the circus as a talisman for others, most commonly children. The conclusion summarises the interrelationships in the imagery, patronage and archaeological findspots of these monuments, in Rome and throughout the provinces. The appendix, with catalogue entries and photographs of monuments, completes the work.
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Bourret, Pierre-Étienne. "Mesure de l'impédance mécanique du membre supérieur d'un cariste lors du renversement latéral d'un chariot élévateur." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1331.
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Cette étude traite de la mesure de l'impédance mécanique du membre supérieur (IMMS) d'un cariste en situation de renversement latéral d'un chariot élévateur. Le projet global vise à savoir si le fait de se cramponner au volant et/ou de se caler dans le siège augmente suffisamment les propriétés mécaniques des membres supérieurs du cariste pour lui permettre, lors d'un renversement latéral, de se maintenir à l'intérieur de l'habitacle de son chariot et d'éviter, lorsque la structure de protection contre la chute d'objets (FOPS) entrera en contact avec le sol, de se heurter trop violemment les épaules ou la tête contre le sol et de subir ainsi des blessures graves. Jusqu'à maintenant, les constructeurs de chariots élévateurs ont toujours recommandé de porter en tout temps la ceinture de sécurité pelvienne. De plus, lors d'un renversement latéral, ils recommandent de se cramponner au volant, de caler ses pieds et de se pencher dans le sens opposé au renversement. De telles actions sont présentement préconisées pour éviter l'occurrence de blessures graves, lors du renversement latéral. Malgré ces prescriptions, à chaque année, des décès reliés à ce type d'incident sont enregistrés. Cette étude vise à tester l'hypothèse que les bras sont le plus susceptibles de faire une différence sur la cinématique du cariste lors du renversement latéral. On est donc intéressé à mesurer les propriétés mécaniques des membres supérieurs. Comme cette étude fait partie d'un projet piloté par l'Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST), les mesures effectuées dans cette étude serviront ensuite à étudier, via un modèle numérique d'un cariste et de son chariot, si les propriétés mécaniques développées au niveau des bras sont suffisantes, lorsqu'on applique les recommandations des constructeurs, pour éviter le décès du cariste. Afin d'évaluer l'influence de ces recommandations sur le comportement du cariste, des modèles de premières approximations ont été développés. Les résultats des mesures de l'IMMS nous ont permis de confirmer certains résultats obtenus de ces modèles. D'une part, les conclusions obtenues jusqu'à maintenant nous poussent à croire que la ceinture de sécurité doit être portée en permanence, car elle évite l'expulsion du cariste lors du renversement. De cette façon, on évite toute chance d'écrasement du corps par le FOPS. D'autre part, nous pouvons émettre de sérieuses mises en garde quant à la possibilité de réaliser les recommandations des constructeurs en situation réelle de renversement. Considérant que le temps d'un renversement complet peut varier de 0,4 à 1,5 seconde et que le temps de réaction volontaire du cariste est de l'ordre de 0,75 seconde, il serait donc impossible, dans certains cas, d'effectuer les actions recommandées par les constructeurs. De plus, même dans le cas où les recommandations seraient réalisables, les capacités musculaires du cariste ne permettraient pas de changer significativement la cinématique lors du renversement pour éviter tout contact de la tête au sol, même combinées au port de la ceinture de sécurité. Des blessures graves au niveau de la tête seraient alors toujours possibles. À la lumière des résultats obtenus de cette étude, nous pensons que seule la ceinture de sécurité, combinée à un moyen de protection au niveau de la tête, permettrait d'augmenter significativement l'indice de vitabilité du cariste lors du renversement latéral.
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Douglas, Jenni-Louise. "Physiological demands of eventing and performance related fitness in female horse riders." Thesis, University of Worcester, 2017. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/6391/.
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Introduction: Scientific investigations to determine physiological demands and performance characteristics in sports are integral and necessary to identify general fitness, to monitor training progress, and for the development, prescription and execution of successful training interventions. To date, there is minimal evidence based research considering the physiological demands and physical characteristics required for the equestrian sport of Eventing. Therefore, the overarching aim of this thesis was to investigate the physiological demands of Eventing and performance related fitness in female riders. Method: The primary aim was achieved upon completion of three empirical studies. Chapter Three: Anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics and training and competition practices of Novice, Intermediate and Advanced level female Event riders were assessed in a laboratory based physical fitness test battery. Chapter Four: The physiological demands and physical characteristics of Novice level female event riders throughout the three phases of Novice level one-day Eventing (ODE) were assessed in a competitive Eventing environment. Chapter Five: The physiological demands and muscle activity of riders on live horses in a variety of equine gaits and rider positions utilised during a novice ODE, including jumping efforts, was assessed in a novel designed live horse exercise test. Results: Chapter Three reported that aside from isometric endurance, riders anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics are not influenced by competitive level of Event riding. Asymmetrical development in isometric leg strength was reported with increased levels of performance; riders reported below average balance and hamstring flexibility responses indicating limited pelvic and ankle stability, and tightness in the hamstring and lower back. Chapter Four reports that physiological strain based upon heart rate during Eventing competition is considerable and close to maximal, however blood lactate data was not supportive of this supposition. Chapter Five reports that during horse riding, riders are exposed to intermittent and prolonged isometric muscle work. During horse-riding, riders have an elevated heart rate compared to the oxygen requirements for the activity, in addition to moderate blood lactate concentrations. Conclusion: This thesis indicates that the most physiologically demanding aspect of Event riding is the light seat canter and where jumping efforts are introduced. During these positions and gait combinations, heart rate is elevated compared to oxygen uptake. Additionally, moderate blood lactate (BLa) concentrations are reported suggesting though cardiac strain is high, physical demands are moderate. The use of heart rate as a marker of exercise intensity during horse riding activities is not appropriate as it is not reflective of actual physiologic demand and BLa may be a more indicative marker of exercise intensity for equestrian investigations. There are many factors that may affect heart rate as discussed throughout the thesis, such as cognitive anxiety, heat stress and isometric muscle work. The data from this thesis speculates that the elevated heart rate is in part affected by isometric muscle work; similar physiological profiles exist in sports such as Sailing and are attributed to the quasi isometric theory. Though this thesis is not able to comprehensively conclude that physiological responses are a direct result of quasi isometrics, the data set does infer this may be a potential contributor and as such is a recommended topic for future research. Regardless of the causal mechanism, riders should be conditioned to tolerate high heart rates to enable optimal physical preparation for competition; the physical characteristics and physiological demands placed upon Event riders reported throughout this thesis provides information for coaches and trainers to consider when designing such interventions.
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LaFleur, Leslie. "Therapeutic Horseback Riding With Military Veterans: Perspectives of Riders, Instructors, and Volunteers." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1430906632.
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Waldrep, Christopher Reef. "The night riders and the law in Kentucky and Tennessee, 1870-1911 /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487681788254022.
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Pietri, Renaud. "Le char dans la pensée égyptienne." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30068.
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De nombreuses études se sont déjà intéressées aux questions techniques et tactiques liées au char dans l’Orient ancien, y compris en égyptologie. Le véhicule fut à l’origine de profonds changements sociaux et culturels, et ce dans toutes les civilisations qui l’adoptèrent. L’Egypte en particulier en fit un emblème incontournable du pouvoir royal au Nouvel Empire et participa pleinement à une « culture du char » commune à tout l’Orient de l’Âge du Bronze Récent. L’objectif de cette thèse, au-delà de l’importance du char dans l’histoire militaire ou l’histoire des techniques, est d’étudier la place qu’occupe le véhicule dans la pensée égyptienne. Le volume principal de cette thèse se découpe en cinq parties. La première partie, comprenant trois chapitres, revient d’une part sur les travaux antérieurs menés sur le char et les chevaux dans l’Egypte ancienne, puis présente succinctement les sources à disposition sur le sujet. Suivent deux chapitres revenant respectivement sur la question du char en Orient et sur celle du char en Egypte. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la réception linguistique du véhicule. La troisième partie s’intéresse à la place du char dans l’idéologie royale et des élites. Les deux premiers chapitres sont dédiés au roi en char et au char du roi. Une attention particulière est accordée ensuite à la problématique du char à l’époque amarnienne. Le quatrième chapitre se concentre quant à lui sur le char en tant que véhicule de l’élite. Il est suivi d’une étude portant sur les représentations humoristiques impliquant le char. La quatrième partie concerne la réception religieuse du véhicule. Un premier chapitre s’intéresse à la place du char dans le monde funéraire, puis est évoqué le lien entre certaines divinités, le char et les chevaux. Le troisième chapitre s’intéresse particulièrement l’iconographie d’Horus-Ched en char, puis un dernier chapitre interroge la notion de « char solaire » en Egypte. La cinquième et dernière partie est une étude sur la réception littéraire du char, s’intéressant particulièrement à l’Hymne au roi en char, un poème qui place le véhicule au centre de sa composition, traduit et commenté en compagnie d’autres textes littéraires<br>There are already many studies about technical and tactical questions linked to the chariot in Ancient Near East, even in Egyptology. This vehicle had been behind deep cultural and social changes in every civilisation which used it. In Egypt particularly it was an emblem of royal power in New Empire, and in a common « chariot’s culture » during the Late Bronze Age in Ancient Near East. Beyond the importance of the chariot in military or technical history, this thesis’ purpose is to study the place of this vehicle in Egyptian’s mind. The thesis is divided in five parts. The first part, divided in three chapters, explains both previous researches about the chariot and horses in Ancient Egypt, then presents briefly the available sources about this subject. The two following chapters respectively focus on the chariot in Near East and in Egypt. The second part focuses on the vehicle’s linguistic reception. The third part is interested in the chariot’s place in royal and elites’ ideology. The two first chapters are both dedicated to the king in his chariot and the king’s vehicle. A special attention is given to question of the chariot during Armanian Period. The forth chapter focuses about the chariot as the elite’s vehicle. It is followed by a study about satirical representations including the chariot. The forth part is related to the vehicle’s religious reception. A first chapter is about the place of the chariot in funerary practices, then the link between some gods, chariots and horses is studied. The third chapter details the particular case of Horus-Shed’s iconography on his chariot. The last chapter questions the notion of « solar chariot » in Ancient Egypt. The last and fifth part is a study about the chariot’s literary reception, studying especially a poem which places the vehicle in the center of its composition called Hymn to the King on his Chariot, translated and commentated on, as well as other literary texts
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Austin, Mathew L. ""FARKLE" or die edgework, risk control, and impression management among BMW motorcycle riders /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2010. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1274815247.
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Roston, Harley E. "The lifestyles and preaching styles of the early Methodist circuit riders in Ohio." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p068-0571.
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Lidström, Simon. "Riders on the Storm : A Study on Natural Disasters and Post-Conflict Violence." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413305.
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Many studies find support that natural disaster events and post-conflict episodes increase the risk of organized violence. However, few are found to investigate if post-conflict countries become more violent in the aftermath of natural disasters. By combining research on post-conflict violence, natural disasters, and non-state violence, it is argued in this study that disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and pandemics strain the capacities of all governments, and in post-conflict countries, the weakened capacities of governments can cause public security gaps. These power vacuums, as a result of natural disasters, can incentivize non-state groups to expand and compete for control, and consequently causes the severity of violence to increase. This argument is estimated on country-year data consisting of 64 post-conflict countries between 1989‒2015. A statistically significant correlation between natural disasters and the increased severity of non-state violence is found when testing the argument using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and logistic regression, control variables, and different dependent variables. However, due to limiting factors in the statistical models, the results are deemed too ambivalent to fully support the hypothesis.
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Bird, Peter S. "Designing for Travel: The Inconsistent User Experience of Riders of Public Transportation Systems." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2008. http://repository.cmu.edu/theses/131.
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I remember as a young child being fascinated with all forms of transportation: from the Walt Disney World monorails and shuttle buses, to Busy Boats, my favorite library picture book, to my first train ride, a 20-mile one-way trip on Amtrak that became the subject of my second-grade book fair masterpiece, The Great Day. Now, quite a number of years later, that fascination remains, manifesting itself in different ways, like getting excited when I get stopped by a passing train at a railroad crossing or riding the city bus to campus every day. Being an avid newspaper reader, I followed the long public process in the winter and spring of 2006–2007 as the Port Authority of Allegheny County, the public transit entity in Pittsburgh, identified ways to reduce costs to meet a multi-million dollar budget shortfall. Being a designer, one of the things that struck me was the Port Authority’s use of visuals to communicate what routes they proposed for elimination. These diagrams, one of which is shown in Figure 1, left something to be desired. It didn’t seem to communicate a clear message amidst all the visual clutter. I spent a few weeks trying out different variations and revisions of the diagram for a class in mapping and diagramming and thought that this area of design—user experience and complex information systems for transit—would be perfect for further study. In my preliminary review of current literature, I found studies of specific design improvements, such as a new bus map system in London (Horne, Roberts & Rose, 1986), historical reviews of iconic documents such as the London Underground diagram (Garland, 1994) and surveys of current practices by organizations such as the American Public Transportation Association (2007), an industry trade group, and the Transportation Research Board (1999). However, this research focused primarily on the document or artifact in question and only tangentially on rider information needs from an abstract perspective while ignoring the user experience. This essay will present the results of my observations and thoughts about the user experience of riders in public transportation systems. I will begin by defining a public transportation system and describing its various components and integration into the city’s transportation infrastructure. In the second section, I’ll describe users of these transit systems—the riders—and offer a series of categories and characteristics we can use to understand why they use public transportation. I’ll discuss how these riders use a public transportation system in section three, by offering a five-part model for a trip. Finally, in section four, I will analyze various aspects of the physical, printed artifacts transit systems distribute to the public to communicate what services they provide.
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Reel, Irem Secil. "Translation/Adaptation, Direction and Production of Ambling Riders, a Turkish Play by Özen Yula." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2010. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ReelIS2010.pdf.
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Wang, Geng. "Effects of Free Riders and Incentive Discrimination on Customer Acquisition and Retention Resource Allocation." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/managerialsci_diss/13.
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How should a company best allocate its spending between acquisition and retention? Under what condition should a company devote resources and money to analytics? The above questions are just examples of more general issues concerning many companies when managing their customer acquisition and retention programs. To answer the above questions, I will conduct a study on the allocation of financial resources between incentives that target different types of customers, and the allocation of resources between incentives and analytics spending. This research first distinguishes between customers and acquisition, between incentive and price discount, and between acquisition and retention. It then proposes a new concept, “free rider”, in a customer acquisition and retention context. Building on the free-rider concept, two mathematical models are formulated to examine the optimal allocation between acquisition incentive, retention incentive, and analytics spending. Closed-form solutions are reached for both models and the results are interpreted in the context of marketing practice. The conditions leading to different patterns of optimal solutions of analytics spending, acquisition incentives, and retention incentives are discussed. Specifically, the detailed conditions under which the optimal acquisition incentives is zero or non-zero, the optimal retention incentives is zero or non-zero, and the optimal analytics spending is zero or non-zero, are provided. Factors determining the ceiling for acceptable level of cost of analytics are also examined.
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Lewis, J. Scott. "The Function of Free Riders: Toward a Solution to the Problem of Collective Action." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1148652968.
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Windmiller, Sarah M. "Alternatives to smartphone applications for real-time information and technology usage among transit riders." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50369.
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Real-time information that informs transit riders about transit schedules, next bus or train arrivals, and service alerts, is becoming increasingly available, particularly through internet-enabled smartphone applications. However, the extent of communication technology usage amongst transit riders, specifically their access to mobile applications and alternative technologies that can provide real-time information, is largely unknown. Without this information, transit agencies are risking investing in an alternative technology that may not sufficiently supply real-time information to as many as possible riders. The purpose of this study is to identify the differences in individual technology accessibility and prioritize investing in real-time information application development that mirrors the unique characteristics of transit riders. This recognition and development will allow a wider availability of real-time information amongst transit riders. Paired with an investigation of cellular phone usage among transit riders and the general American population, an analysis of Saint Louis Metro’s Onboard Survey was performed. Cross tabulations and chi-squared tests were conducted to examine riders’ communication technology usage. Binary logit models were used to understand how, and whether, the ownership of smartphone applications is dependent on various demographic factors. These analyses identified specific demographic groups that would benefit from supplemental technology methods more conducive to their particular information accessibility. Results showed that communication technology usage has risen substantially in recent years but a portion of riders are still without access to smartphone applications. Specific demographic groups (e.g., riders over 40 years of age) were less likely to own smartphones, and these results indicate that computer-based websites and IVR are the best supplementary alternatives for those groups.
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Widner, Carolyn June. "Conflict among hikers and horseback riders in the Mount Rogers High Country of Virginia /." This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-040231/.
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Algrim, Susi J. "Finding common ground: horse riders' preferences and potential for conflict for varying management actions." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38246.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources<br>Ryan L. Sharp<br>The need to balance increasing recreation demands with resource conservation in parks and protected areas presents a challenge for land managers. Managing recreational use of vast land and river areas often encompasses concerns about increasing numbers of recreation visitors, including horse riders. These increases in visitor use may cause adverse impacts to natural resources. A typical outdoor recreation activity, like horse riding, can lead to such impacts as soil erosion, compaction, damage to vegetation, wildlife disturbance, and water pollution. Parks and protected areas require diligent monitoring of these impacts. Along with biophysical impacts, potential social conflicts usually revolve around shared trail use with other horse riders, mountain bikers, and/or hikers. Self-administered questionnaires were given to recreationists (i.e., horse riders) at Ozark National Scenic Riverways (OZAR) in Missouri, U.S.A. Data were collected about levels and patterns of visitor activities on trails at OZAR via stratified random sample at multiple locations, times of day, days of the week and time of year (e.g. summer and fall), thus capturing a representative sample of the riders throughout the whole park.
The study examined horse riders’ perceptions of potential management scenarios regarding horse riding trails. Additionally, experience use history data at OZAR were collected. The objective of the research was to explore management options when looking at seasonality, temporal differences, experiential level and the perceived severity of the actions to horse riders at OZAR. The Potential for Conflict Index was used for measuring the potential for conflict between users at different times of the week and times of year (e.g. summer and fall), as well as between horse riders and managers (through proposed management actions). This study sought to help inform park and protected area managers about horse riders’ perceptions of potential management actions and the potential for conflict related to said management actions.
Of the management scenarios, there is a lower potential for conflict for trail permitting than trail management. Fall visitors had a higher potential for conflict regarding trail permitting (PCI₂ value = 0.43) and fall users also had a higher potential for conflict for trail management (PCI₂ value = 0.25). For expert and novice users, both groups felt similarly about trail conditions, trail permitting, and trail management; however, there was an overall lower potential for conflict for expert horse riders than novice horse riders. The results revealed the complexity of managing horse use in a protected area. Even during periods of high use, horse riders did not report crowded conditions, nor did horse riders favor restricting use on the trails. Additionally, horse riders felt that the trail conditions were acceptable. As past research has shown, increased horse use often leads to degraded ecological conditions (though none was perceived) and possible conflicts with other users (but not intra-activity). Limiting use may be the only viable way to maintain the ecological integrity of the park, regardless of horse riders lack of desire for restricted use or the presence of experiential impacts. Managers often have to make difficult decisions in the face of conflicting information, and this study clearly displays this dilemma.
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Hillring, Petra. "Western Riders Association of Sweden : En kartläggning och genusteoretiskundersökning av Wras historia 1982-2006." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172102.
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This essay is a survey and a gender-theoretical study of Western Riders Association of Sweden(from here on: Wras) between 1982-2006. The purpose of the study is to contribute to equestrian historical research as well as gender historical research by examining Wras from a gender theoretical perspective. The aim is broken down to two research questions: • What did the organization, as well as collaboration with other organizations and authorities,look like in Wras between 1982-2006, and can this be connected to the gender structures within the association? • What was the gender structure in leading positions within Wras and in competitions held by the association between 1982 and 2006, and how did this change over time? The material in this paper consists of various documents from Wras, including documents from board meetings, results from competitions, magazines and letters. The study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative method, as both were considered necessary to fulfil the purpose of the essay. In the qualitative study texts has been interpreted and analyzed. The quantitative study has collected the number of men and women in charts and based on these figures interpreted the result.The results of the study have been compared to Hirdman's theory of gender regarding gender segregation.The survey shows that when Wras was formed in 1982, the association was male-dominated.The association invested in educating the Swedish western riders. During the 1990s, Wras cooperated with several other organizations and authorities, which in some cases led to competition and some fragmentation between western riders.During the 1990s, more women became members in Wras, having leading positions and competed. The study shows that several competition classes were feminized and became female dominated when more and more women started to compete. This mainly applied to classes that within the rodeo was gender coded as feminine, or classes where assessment was on appearance and therefor required a well-groomed horse. The classes associated with the rough work on the ranches were given a male gender coding. In America, this division between classes and gender distinction had already taken place in the western riding and rodeo, and Sweden took notice. The result shows that Hirdman's theory of gender segregation can be applied to western riding where men and women are divided according to the characteristics they are considered to have.
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Widner, Carolyn J. "Conflict among hikers and horseback riders in the Mount Rogers High Country of Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43606.
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Conflict among recreationists in natural resource settings is a long-term problem that continues to grow in many areas. This study was conducted to provide an assessment of conflict between hikers and horseback riders in the Mount Rogers High Country of Virginia.
Conflict was examined using three separate measures: crowding, impacts and interference. Examination of an index measure of conflict revealed that 64% of hikers experienced conflict toward horseback riders, while only 3% of horseback riders reported conflict due to hikers.
Because of the clearly asymmetric nature of the conflict, the conflict predictor variables (past experience, wilderness involvement, place attachment and perceived similarity) were examined for the hiker population in the study. Discriminant analysis revealed that the model tested can predict with more than 68% success whether hikers will experience conflict due to horses. The perceived similarity of values variable was shown to be the most important and perceived similarity of socio-economic status the second in importance in explaining conflict. Hikers that perceived horseback riders to be different from themselves in how they value the High Country and in their socio-economic status were more likely to experience conflict with horseback riders than hikers that perceived horseback riders as similar to themselves.
Measures of past experience and wilderness involvement were also significant predictors of conflict. However, relative to the perceived similarity items, these variables did not contribute much information or "predictive power" to the model. The two place attachment factors, place identity and place dependence, were not significant in the model.<br>Master of Science
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Pedder, Jocelyn B. "Characteristics of serious and fatal motorcycle accidents and the potential for injury prevention." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340561.
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Erkopan, Eser Bahar. "The Effects Of Urban Rail Investments On The Mobility Of Captive Women Public Transport Riders." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610260/index.pdf.
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With this dissertation, it is intended to improve our understanding of the effects of urban rail systems on the mobility of women, their accessibility and their extent of experiencing the city they live in, that is their urban geography. The main aim is to understand whether women who live nearby an urban rail system and who use this system have higher levels of mobility and wider urban geography when compared with those who live in places without an urban rail access and those who do not use urban rail systems. In search for the effects of metro usage on mobility, as well as the factors affecting metro usage, the study is built on four main fields in transportation studies: mode choice theory, activity based travel theory, time-geography theory and women studies.
Women living on Ankara metro line and in Keç<br>iö<br>ren constitute the main case study in this thesis. With the help of a comprehensive questionnaire, applied on captive public transport women riders, it is assessed whether the Ankara metro has positive effects on the mobility of women living nearby the metro stations, whether women who use the metro have higher mobility and wider urban geography, and whether the metro can be effective in enhancing the mobility and urban geography of women who are identified as particularly vulnerable in the literature. Understanding the factors, in cases where expected positive impacts on mobility have not been realized, is also important to contribute to the theoretical discussions that the study is built on.
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Prentice, Jaana A. A. "An investigation into the importance of off-horse exercise on riding position of horse riders." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/20043/.
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In equestrian science, anecdotal evidence suggests that certain fitness parameters are beneficial for riding position. Studies have investigated the demands of riding; however, there is no objective data linking the general fitness of riders to its effects on riding position. This research set out to investigate the perceived importance of off-horse exercise on riding position, the impact that certain fitness parameters have and the effectiveness of a specifically tailored exercise programme. Nearly 90% of respondents stated they believed off-horse exercise to impact on their riding position, with dressage, leisure and older riders to be most likely to participate. The average fitness of riders including aerobic capacity, core stability, balance, flexibility and posture was then researched regarding the effect these might have on riding position. In a cross sectional study the relationship with riding position and pressure distribution, looking at the laterality of the seat, were explored. With the exception of cardiovascular fitness these were then tested for transferability of skill in an intervention trial. A mechanical horse and video analysis were used for analysis and the TekScan pressure mat recorded pressure distribution. Aerobic capacity was found to have no impact on riding position in this study and hip flexibility was assumed to have the greatest impact on riding position. After the intervention, the range of motion of the angles was decreased suggesting a more stable and quiet seat due to increased core stability. In line with other research asymmetries in the rider were found in pressure distribution, which were significantly decreased post intervention (trot and canter). No improvements in medio-lateral symmetry were found. Transferability of skill in riding position can be explained with the high similarity of standing posture and riding position. Overall horse rider specific training regimes can be recommended for improvement of riding position, but combination with riding instruction is suggested.
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Bridgeman, Donald J. "The working relationship between horse and rider during training and competition for equestrian sports." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2009. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00006533/.
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The working relationship between horses and riders is a unique association requiring cooperation between both to achieve the goals of humans in their selected equestrian sport. This dissertation chose the equestrian sports of eventing and dressage to investigate this working relationship between horse and rider, and its stability across training and competition settings. Consideration was given to psychological, physiological and behavioural factors for the human and horse. The research requiredthe development of a measure to indicate the harmony of the working relationship, which resulted in a rider and observer inventory, and of a physiological indicator of therelationship which became the correlation between the horse and rider heart rate and was called heart rate synchronisation. To examine reactive behavioural factors of the horse a horse Behaviour Check List was created, and to consider possible psychological factors implicated in this behaviour a Horse Temperament Inventory was developed.Anxiety was the psychological factor chosen to assess the rider, and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory – 2 and the Emotion and Mood Components of Anxiety – Questionnaire were used as its different components.It was hypothesized that there would be significant environmental differences between most factors with the competition environment showing evidence of lowerworking relationship scores, higher heart rates, higher rider anxiety, and more reactive horse behaviours. Horse temperament was considered to be a trait and therefore nodifferences were predicted. Negative relationships were hypothesized between the working relationship measures and rider anxiety components, horse temperament andcritical horse behaviours. A positive relationship was hypothesized between rider self confidence and the working relationship. Negative relationships were also predictedbetween rider anxiety, horse temperament and horse behaviour. No specific predictions were made regarding relationships between rider and horse heart rates and the other factors.In Study 1 with five eventing teams, results from Cohen’s d analyses of differences between means supported some hypotheses. A moderate to large effect size was found for rider’s somatic anxiety and heart rate being higher in the competition environment, but no significant effects were found for the rider’s cognitive anxiety and levels of self-confidence across environments. However, contrary to hypotheses, working relationship and the heart rate synchronisation factors had higher scores in thecompetition environment and showed a small and large effect size respectively. The horse’s temperament was also more positive in the competition environment, with theHorse Temperament Inventory – Rider (HTI-R) revealing a small effect size and the Horse Temperament Inventory – Observer (HTI-O) without the rider a large effect size,suggesting that it seems to be identifying a psychological state of the horse rather than the hypothesized temperament traits. The hypothesis regarding the horse and rider’s heart rate was also accepted as they also increased in the competition environment. The horse’s maximum heart rate and minimum heart rate showed a moderate effect size and a large effect size was found in the differences of the horse’s mean heart rate. Therider’s maximum heart rate and mean heart rate data also showed a large effect size and the rider’s minimum heart rate means showed a moderate effect size. Due to unforeseencircumstances and the low number of participants, the hypotheses could not be evaluated using inferential statistics. However, the patterns of the findings led to some modifications of methods and the selection of another equestrian sport for Study 2.The findings from Study 2 with thirty dressage teams indicate the working relationship between horse and rider was stable across environments during a dressagetest. The heart rate synchronisation analysis was able to identify significant relationships between most horse and rider teams during a dressage test in both the training and competition environments. At a group level the correlation between the horse and rider heart rates displayed a significant positive relationship in the training environment, but not in the competition environment. A t-test analysis found stabilityof the horse’s temperament across environments, suggesting that the Horse Temperament Inventory is measuring temperament traits. Also the rider’s somatic anxiety showed a significant increase in the competition environment, which was also reflected in the rider’s emotional experience of this anxiety. Unexpectedly the rider’s self-confidence was also significantly higher in the competition environment. However, no predicted associations were found between working relationship scores and heart rate synchronisation, or between these measures and horse and rider factors.The relationship between reactive horse misbehaviours and rider anxiety, and the team’s working relationship was analysed. A significant association was found between each of the rider’s and judge’s ratings of the working relationship and heart rate synchronisation with the horse’s misbehaviour scores in the competitionenvironment. The rider’s somatic anxiety also showed a significant association with the horse’s misbehaviour in both the training and competition environments. Significantrelationships were also found between horse misbehaviour and performance in both training and competition environments. To extend this investigation further adiscriminant function analysis was conducted to determine if the riders with levels of high and low cognitive and somatic anxiety could be categorised on the basis of horsetemperament. It revealed that riders with high and low levels of somatic anxiety could be categorised on the basis of the horse’s temperament score, whereas riders with high and low levels of cognitive anxiety could be classified on the basis of the horse’s heart rate means in the competition environment.Overall, the dissertation has significant methodological, conceptual and practical outcomes. It demonstrates possible self report, observational and physiologicalindicators to assess the horse-rider working relationship, and a reliable measure of horse temperament. It also addresses several speculations, assumptions and anecdotalreferences in the literature about the interactive association between horse and rider. Findings here point to significant associations between horse and rider psychology and physiology, and patterns of relationships that may indicate some relevance to theworking relationship, and ultimately performance.
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Dinning, Brooke Louise Social Sciences & International Studies Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Riding for the disabled: an analysis of the experiences and perceptions of riders and their parents." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Social Sciences & International Studies, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41416.
Full textAbstract:
The benefits of horse riding for people with disabilities have been recognised for centuries, however, there has been very little research that explores the significance and meaning of Riding for the Disabled (RDA) for riders and there are no studies of parents of riders. This thesis is based upon ethnography and interviews with riders and riders' parents at a Riding for the Disabled Centre in Sydney, Australia. It explores the perceptions and experiences of riders and also analyses the role of parents in influencing their child's experience of the RDA. It examines parents' experiences of the RDA and the impact that it has had on them and their family. This thesis is premised on three research questions. The three questions are; 'how do riders perceive and experience the RDA and how and why do these perceptions differ?', 'how do parents perceive the RDA and its impact on their child with an impairment' and 'how do parents perceive the RDA's impact on their family and themselves?' The study draws on a feminist framework and utilises the work of feminist theorists working in Disability Studies to 'broaden' the social model of disability. This framework facilitates the exploration of personal experiences of riding as it privileges the voice of the participants and also acknowledges the diversity of RDA experiences that exist amongst them. It also allows room for the physical, bodily experience of riding to be investigated. Furthermore, this research responds to Shakespeare's (2006) call for further research on the 'social relations of disability' - it investigates the relationships between volunteers who do not have an impairment, and the riders who have an impairment. The central argument that emerges is that Riding for the Disabled is a unique individual experience that holds varied meanings for riders. For some Riding for the Disabled is a central feature of their lives and has altered their world. For others, it is one activity among many and its impact is limited. The type of impairment an individual rider had was often a key determinant of how they experienced the RDA. For parents of riders the RDA exposes them to parents with similar experiences and enables practical knowledge and information to be exchanged.