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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rice Australia

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Academic literature on the topic 'Rice Australia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rice Australia"

1

FUJITA, Masakuni. "Rice in Australia." JOURNAL OF THE BREWING SOCIETY OF JAPAN 92, no. 9 (1997): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1988.92.631.

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Lam, Dinh Thi, Katsuyuki Ichitani, Robert J. Henry, and Ryuji Ishikawa. "Molecular and Morphological Divergence of Australian Wild Rice." Plants 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020224.

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Two types of perennial wild rice, Australian Oryza rufipogon and a new taxon Jpn2 have been observed in Australia in addition to the annual species Oryza meridionalis. Jpn2 is distinct owing to its larger spikelet size but shares O. meridionalis-like morphological features including a high density of bristle cells on the awn surface. All the morphological traits resemble O. meridionalis except for the larger spikelet size. Because Jpn2 has distinct cytoplasmic genomes, including the chloroplast (cp), cp insertion/deletion/simple sequence repeats were designed to establish marker systems to distinguish wild rice in Australia in different natural populations. It was shown that the new taxon is distinct from Asian O. rufipogon but instead resembles O. meridionalis. In addition, higher diversity was detected in north-eastern Australia. Reproductive barriers among species and Jpn2 tested by cross-hybridization suggested a unique biological relationship of Jpn2 with other species. Insertions of retrotransposable elements in the Jpn2 genome were extracted from raw reads generated using next-generation sequencing. Jpn2 tended to share insertions with other O. meridionalis accessions and with Australian O. rufipogon accessions in particular cases, but not Asian O. rufipogon except for two insertions. One insertion was restricted to Jpn2 in Australia and shared with some O. rufipogon in Thailand.

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You, M. P., V. Lanoiselet, C. P. Wang, R. G. Shivas, Y. P. Li, and M. J. Barbetti. "First Report of Rice Blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) on Rice (Oryza sativa) in Western Australia." Plant Disease 96, no. 8 (August 2012): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-12-0420-pdn.

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Commercial rice crops (Oryza sativa L.) have been recently reintroduced to the Ord River Irrigation Area in northern Western Australia. In early August 2011, unusual leaf spot symptoms were observed by a local rice grower on rice cultivar Quest. A leaf spot symptom initially appeared as grey-green and/or water soaked with a darker green border and then expanded rapidly to several centimeters in length and became light tan in color with a distinct necrotic border. Isolations from typical leaf lesions were made onto water agar, subcultured onto potato dextrose agar, and maintained at 20°C. A representative culture was lodged in the Western Australian Culture Collection Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia (WAC 13466) and as a herbarium specimen in the Plant Pathology Herbarium, Plant Biosecurity Science (BRIP 54721). Amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1 and (ITS)2 regions flanking the 5.8S rRNA gene were carried out with universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 (4). The PCR products were sequenced and BLAST analyses used to compare sequences with those in GenBank. The sequence had 99% nucleotide identity with the corresponding sequence in GenBank for Magnaporthe oryzae B.C. Couch, the causal agent of rice blast, the most important fungal disease of rice worldwide (1). Additional sequencing with the primers Bt1a/Bt1b for the β-tubulin gene, primers ACT-512F/ACT-783R for the actin gene, and primers CAL-228F/CAL-737R for the calmodulin gene showed 100% identity in each case with M. oryzae sequences in GenBank, confirming molecular similarity with other reports, e.g., (1). The relevant sequence information for a representative isolate has been lodged in GenBank (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ911754 for (ITS) 1 and 2; JX014265 for β-tubulin; JX035809 for actin; and JX035808 for calmodulin). Isolates also showed morphological similarity with M. oryzae as described in other reports, e.g., (3). Spores of M. oryzae were produced on rice agar under “black light” at 21°C for 4 weeks. Under 30/28°C (day/night), 14/12 h (light/dark), rice cv. Quest was grown for 7 weeks, and inoculated by spraying a suspension 5 × 105 spores/ml onto foliage until runoff occurred. Inoculated plants were placed under a dark plastic covering for 72 h to maximize humidity levels around leaves, and subsequently maintained under >90% RH conditions. Typical symptoms of rice blast appeared within 14 days of inoculation and were as described above. Infection studies were successfully repeated and M. oryzae was readily reisolated from leaf lesions. No disease symptoms were observed nor was M. oryzae isolated from water-inoculated control rice plants. There have been previous records of rice blast in the Northern Territory (2) and Queensland, Australia (Australian Plant Pest Database), but this is the first report of M. oryzae in Western Australia, where it could potentially be destructive if conditions prove conducive. References: (1) B. C. Couch and L. M. Kohn. Mycologia 94:683, 2002; (2) J. B. Heaton. The Aust. J. Sci. 27:81, 1964; (3) C. V. Subramanian. IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria No 169, Pyricularia oryzae, 1968; (4) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, New York, 1990.

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Pak, Dolar, Ming Pei You, Vincent Lanoiselet, and Martin J. Barbetti. "Reservoir of cultivated rice pathogens in wild rice in Australia." European Journal of Plant Pathology 147, no. 2 (June 28, 2016): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-1002-y.

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Sanders, BA. "The life cycle and ecology of Cyperus difformis (rice weed) in temperate Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 7 (1994): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9941031.

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The almost exclusive use of aerial sowing of rice in Australia and the concomitant reliance upon the herbicide bensulfuron-methyl to control Cyperus difformis has not been matched with an increase in the understanding of the biology of this major weed. Of great significance i s the recent discovery of C. difformis biotypes in California which are resistant to bensulfuron-methyl. Although Australian rice agroecosystems employ longer rotations than the intensive Californian systems, it is only a matter of time until resistant biotypes are identified in Australia. This paper identifies the life cycle characteristics of C. difformis that we need to understand for its future management.

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Ward, Rachelle, Lorraine Spohr, and Peter Snell. "Rice grain quality: an Australian multi-environment study." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 11 (2019): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19194.

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Rice is a staple for much of the world’s population. Increased production of good-quality rice is a necessity for global food security. Variable water supply and increasingly unpredictable weather is an ongoing challenge to the Australian rice industry, with the impact felt along the supply chain from growers to consumers. This multi-environment trial (MET) is focused on capturing the quality of milled grain produced in new growing regions beyond south-eastern Australia. Data on grain quality from 54 rice-variety trials grown between 2008 and 2017 across 10 locations and two seasons (wet and dry) spanning four Australian states and territories are included. Physical quality traits (yellowness index and whole grain yield), grain composition (apparent amylose and protein content) and eating quality traits (setback and gelatinisation temperature) were analysed. Varietal predictions for each quality trait at a range of sites provide evidence for the industry to develop strategies to deliver a consistent supply of high-quality Australian-grown rice.

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Ashmore, Ellen, Sarah Molyneux, Seamus Watson, Geoff Miles, and Andrew Pearson. "Inorganic arsenic in rice and rice products in New Zealand and Australia." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 12, no. 4 (August 13, 2019): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2019.1651403.

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Gu, Zhuyun, Shamali de Silva, and Suzie M. Reichman. "Arsenic Concentrations and Dietary Exposure in Rice-Based Infant Food in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020415.

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Rice-based products are widely used to feed infants and young children. However, the association of rice-based products and high arsenic (As) concentrations have been investigated in a number of studies, but there is limited information from Australia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the As concentration and dietary exposure in infant rice milk, cereal, crackers and pasta as well as to investigate the relationship between As concentration and rice content, rice type and product origin. Total arsenic (tAs) concentrations were determined by nitric acid digestion and ICP-MS while inorganic arsenic (iAs) was determined by acid extraction, followed by ICP-MS with an interfaced hydride generation system. Nearly 75% of samples had inorganic As exceeding the EU maximum levels for infants and children (0.1 mg kg−1) and the mean iAs percentage of total reached as high as 84.8%. High tAs concentration was positively correlated with rice content and also related to brown (wholegrain). Estimates of dietary exposure showed that infants consuming large amounts of rice pasta or crackers will have an increased risk of health impact associated with excess intake of As through dietary exposure. Moreover, the current Australian guidelines for As in rice (1 mg kg−1) are above the WHO or EU guideline and therefore, will be less protective of high sensitivity consumers like infants and children.

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Moner, Ali M., Agnelo Furtado, Ian Chivers, Glen Fox, Darren Crayn, and Robert J. Henry. "Diversity and evolution of rice progenitors in Australia." Ecology and Evolution 8, no. 8 (April 2018): 4360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3989.

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Dunn, B. W., G. D. Batten, T. S. Dunn, R. Subasinghe, and R. L. Williams. "Nitrogen fertiliser alleviates the disorder straighthead in Australian rice." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 8 (2006): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05004.

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Straighthead is a ‘physiological’ disorder of rice, the symptoms being floret sterility, deformed florets and panicles and reduced grain yield. Straighthead in rice is difficult to investigate because of its unpredictable occurrence under field conditions. An experiment was conducted in south-eastern Australia in 1996 to investigate the effect of rate and timing of N fertilisation on growth and yield of rice. The presence of straighthead at this location gave a unique opportunity to study the influence of crop N status. This paper reports the influence of N application on straighthead symptoms during this experiment. A significant reduction of straighthead occurred with higher rates of N application. Application of 250 kg N/ha pre-flood, improved plant growth and vigour with subsequent increased uptake and accumulation of S, P, K, Mg, Cu, Mn and Zn in the plant at panicle initiation. The reduction of straighthead at high nitrogen rates may be due to improved uptake of several essential nutrients, and Cu may be a critical nutrient. This study and earlier observations have shown the application of optimal levels of pre-flood nitrogen to achieve grain yields greater than 10 t/ha may reduce straighthead severity in the Australian rice-growing environment. The results in this paper are not presented as recommendations to growers but a contribution to the currently limited literature on straighthead in Australia.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rice Australia"

1

Ibrahim, Ahmed Adam. "The impact of soil type on the yield of rice in the Coleambally Irrigation Area (Australia) by using Landsat imagery techniques." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142491.

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O, Jung Mi, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Food habits and eating patterns of Korean adult immigrants in Australia." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_O_J.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/462.

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Migration is one of life events that may change lifestyle, including new cultural norms, language and community systems as well as dietary patterns. Changing dietary patterns from traditional eating patterns to those typical of a western lifestyle has been associated with increased risk of disease. Furthermore, new food use patterns develop through the rejection of traditional and the acceptance of culturally new food habits. The purpose of this study is to identify the food habits and meal patterns of Koreans living in Australia, and any relationship between length of residence and change in eating habits. The method used for this research was a self reported questionnaire, administered in an interview and 3 day food records. One hundred adults living in the Korean community in Sydney were surveyed. The collected data were coded and analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 10. Descriptive analyses, for example mean and standard deviation, were carried out to determine the respondents’ attitudes toward food habits. The personal information data were also analysed by SPSS using frequency tables to describe the study sample. The results indicated that food habits had no significant differences dependent upon length of residence. Food habits were slightly affected by availability of income, occupation and religious beliefs. Food consumption frequency showed increased meat and dairy products. However, the consumption of rice and fish products decreased.
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Phakdeewanich, Titipol. "The role of farmers groups in Thai politics : a case study of domestic and global pressure on rice, sugarcane, and potato farmers." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55736/.

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The thesis studies the political participation of Thai farmers and focuses on two main factors, namely the domestic and the external impacts, which inform the case studies of rice, sugarcane, and potato farmers groups. Overall, the research has established that farmers groups have felt the impacts of domestic factors far more strongly than external factors. Furthermore, through comparative studies in relation to the case studies of rice, sugarcane, and potato farmers groups in Thailand, differences emerged between these three Thai farmers groups, in terms of the degree to which domestic factors impacted on their political participation. The theories of Western interest groups are reviewed, in order to examine their applicability to explaining farmers groups formation in Thailand. The concepts of 'collective benefits' and 'selective incentives', which were used by Mancur Olson have been adopted as the main theoretical framework. With reference to this, the research has established that selective incentives have played a highly significant role in Thai farmers groups formation, and concludes that the problems of mobilisation, which relate to rice, sugarcane, and potato farmers groups, have been solved primarily through the provision of a range of selective incentives by the farmers groups themselves. In order to classify the differing levels of political participation of Thai farmers groups, the analytical framework provided by Grant Jordan, Darren Halpin, and William Maloney has been utilised. Accordingly, the rice and potato farmers groups are classified as 'potential pressure participants', whilst the sugarcane farmers group is classified as an 'interest group', which has enabled an examination of their political participation through the Western concept of the policy network/community framework. In order to make the Western policy network/community framework more applicable to the policy-making process in Thailand, the specific, dominant characteristics of the Thai political culture, namely the patronage system and the operation of both vote-buying and corruption are included in the analysis. This conceptual stretching does not significantly affect the original concept of the framework and the way in which it was intended to be applicable, because it already includes informal relationships such as those, which exist within the policy network/community framework. This understanding is an important aspect, which forms a part of the theoretical contribution to the discipline of international political economy and to the arena of Thai political studies. The policy network/community framework provides a new conceptual lens in the study of the political participation of Thai farmers groups. Accordingly, these arguments promote the opportunity to consider alternative frameworks in the analysis of the political participation of Thai farmers groups, and group participation across civil society more generally. The study of the political participation of Thai farmers has utilised empirical evidence, which illustrates the successes of farmers' interest groups in both Japan and the United Kingdom, in order to explain the relative successes and failures of Thai farmers. In contrast to the experiences of Western and notably Japanese farmers groups, in many respects Thai farmers are largely excluded from the policy-making process, with the only exception in Thailand being certain sugarcane farmers groups. The thesis concludes that the political participation of farmers groups in Thailand has generally been affected by domestic impacts rather than by external impacts, and that their influence in domestic policy-making has been, and is likely to remain for the foreseeable future at least, somewhat limited.

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Brozynska, Marta, Dario Copetti, Agnelo Furtado, Rod A. Wing, Darren Crayn, Glen Fox, Ryuji Ishikawa, and Robert J. Henry. "Sequencing of Australian wild rice genomes reveals ancestral relationships with domesticated rice." WILEY, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624392.

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The related A genome species of the Oryza genus are the effective gene pool for rice. Here, we report draft genomes for two Australian wild A genome taxa: O. rufipogon-like population, referred to as Taxon A, and O. meridionalis-like population, referred to as Taxon B. These two taxa were sequenced and assembled by integration of short- and long-read next-generation sequencing (NGS) data to create a genomic platform for a wider rice gene pool. Here, we report that, despite the distinct chloroplast genome, the nuclear genome of the Australian Taxon A has a sequence that is much closer to that of domesticated rice (O. sativa) than to the other Australian wild populations. Analysis of 4643 genes in the A genome clade showed that the Australian annual, O. meridionalis, and related perennial taxa have the most divergent (around 3 million years) genome sequences relative to domesticated rice. A test for admixture showed possible introgression into the Australian Taxon A ( diverged around 1.6 million years ago) especially from the wild indica/O. nivara clade in Asia. These results demonstrate that northern Australia may be the centre of diversity of the A genome Oryza and suggest the possibility that this might also be the centre of origin of this group and represent an important resource for rice improvement.

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Nguyen, Thi Thuy Ha. "Investigating Australian wild rice for improvement of salinity stress tolerance in cultivated rice Oryza sativa l." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/228676/1/Thi%20Thuy%20Ha_Nguyen_Thesis.pdf.

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This project is a comprehensive study on salinity tolerance in Australian wild rice species and the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 on improving salinity tolerance in cultivated rice. Salinity tolerance mechanisms in wild rice were investigated by using a high throughput screening technique to assess the morphological and physiological responses. The knowledge of mechanisms from wild rice was manipulated in cultivated rice using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. The results of this study indicate the potential of wild rice as a genetic resource and CRISPR/Cas9 as an approach to improve salinity tolerance in cultivated rice Oryza sativa L.

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Brown, A. J. (Alexander Jonathan), and n/a. "The Frozen Continent: The Fall and Rise of Territory in Australian Constitutional Thought 1815-2003." Griffith University. Key Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20041105.092443.

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Through the late 20th century, global society experienced waves of unprecedented political and institutional change, but Australia came to be identified as "constitutionally speaking... the frozen continent", unable or unprepared to comprehensively modernise its own fundamental laws (Sawer 1967). This thesis opens up a subject basic to, but largely unexplored in debate about constitutional change: the territorial foundations of Australian constitutional thought. Our conventional conclusions about territory are first, that Australia's federal system has settled around a 'natural' and presumably final territorial structure; and second, that this is because any federal system such as possessed by Australia since 1901 is more decentralised and therefore more suitable than any 'unitary' one. With federalism coming back into vogue internationally, we have no reason to believe our present structure is not already the best. Reviewing the concepts of territory underpinning colonial and federal political thought from 1815 to the present day, this thesis presents a new territorial story revealing both these conclusions to be flawed. For most of its history, Australian political experience has been based around a richer, more complex and still evolving range of territorial ideas. Federalism is fundamental to our political values, but Australians have known more types of federalism, emerging differently in time and place, than we customarily admit. Unitary values have supplied important symbols of centralisation, but for most of our history have also sought to supply far less centralised models of political institutions than those of our current federal experience. Since the 1930s, in addition to underutilising both federal and unitary lines of imported constitutional theory, Australian politics has underestimated the extent to which our institutional treatment of territory has itself become unique. Despite its recent fall from constitutional discourse, territory is also again on the rise. While political debate has been poorly placed to see it, Australia has experienced a recent resurgence in ideas about territorial reform, offering the promise of a better understanding of the full complexity of our constitutional theory and a new 'unfreezing' of the assumption that territorially, Australia will never change. This thesis seeks to inform these vital new debates.

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Robb, Ashley John. "Planning for the Effects of Sea Level Rise in Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/76667.

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This research examines the potential role of urban planning in helping communities adapt to sea level rise induced hazards such as inundation, storm erosion and shoreline recession, in Western Australia’s urban areas. Applying a qualitative mixed-methods approach, the research finds that modifications to the state coastal planning framework, including associated legislation and existing funding programs, will be needed to enable public authorities to adequately plan and manage for these hazards as sea level rise accelerates.

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Chu, Wing Kei. "Accumulation and transformation of DDT and PCBs by Phragmites australis and Oryza sativa L." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/530.

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Gent, Alan D. "The Rise and Fall of an Australian Technical College Program." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/77187.

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In 2005 the Liberal government introduced a bill to allow formation of twenty four technical colleges nationally. Withdrawal of funding by the Labor government in 2009 heralded the demise of the colleges. This study is concerned with the effect this action had on a college in Western Australia. The findings revealed lack of foresight and insufficient initial time for establishment of the colleges, no bi-partisan support and questionable management practices after funding withdrawal.

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Murray, Jacqueline Burton. "Watching the sun rise : Australian reporting of Japan 1931 to the fall of Singapore /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16957.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Rice Australia"

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Holmes, Linda Goetz. Four thousand bowls of rice: A prisoner of war comes home. New York: Brick Tower Press, 2007.

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Four thousand bowls of rice: A prisoner of war comes home. St. Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1993.

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Rice, Peter M. Thomas and Jane Rice family, 1850-1993: Early settlers of South Australia. Eden, NSW: Thomas and Jane Rice Family Committee, 1993.

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Institute, International Rice Research, ed. Efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers for rice: Proceedings of the Meeting of the International Network on Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Evaluation for Rice, Griffith, New South Wales, Australia, 10-16 April 1985. Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 1987.

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Rice bowls and dinner plates: Ceramic artefacts from Chinese gold mining sites in southeast New South Wales, mid 19th to early 20th century. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2014.

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First to Damascus: The great ride and Lawrence of Arabia. East Roseville, N.S.W: Kangaroo Press, 2002.

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Brock, Peggy. Poonindie: The rise and destruction of an aboriginal agricultural community. Netley, SA: South Australian Govt. Printer : Aboriginal Heritage Branch, Dept. of Environment and Planning, 1989.

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Corporation, Australian Broadcasting, ed. The rise and rise of Australian rugby. Sydney, NSW: ABC Books, 2003.

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The rise of psychomanagement in Australia. Melbourne: Michelle Anderson Publishing, 2011.

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Watson, Peter. The good life: Australian lifestyles. Burleigh M.D.C., QLD: Zeus Publications, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rice Australia"

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Bajwa, Ali Ahsan, and Bhagirath Singh Chauhan. "Rice Production in Australia." In Rice Production Worldwide, 169–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47516-5_7.

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Stirling, Graham R. "Modifying a productive sweet potato farming system in Australia to improve soil health and reduce losses from root-knot nematode." In Integrated nematode management: state-of-the-art and visions for the future, 368–73. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0051.

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Abstract Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is the world's sixth most important food crop after rice, wheat, potatoes, maize and cassava. More than 105 million metric tonnes are produced globally each year, with more than 90% coming from developing countries. Australian growers produce some of the highest sweet potato yields in the world (commonly 60-90 t/ha) but often suffer losses from root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and M. arenaria). This chapter discusses the economic importance, distribution, host range, symptoms of damage, recommended integrated nematode management and management optimization of root-knot nematodes. Future research requirements and developments are also mentioned.

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Ramsay, Ian, and Mihika Upadhyaya. "The Failed Attempt to Enact Benefit Company Legislation in Australia and the Rise of B Corps." In The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 395–424. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_19.

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AbstractAustralia is an unusual case study in terms of the history of benefit company legislation. Unlike the history in some other countries, the attempt by B Lab Australia and New Zealand (‘B Lab ANZ’) to introduce benefit company legislation was unsuccessful. It failed to gain the support of the government and attracted a mixed response from Australian businesses and academics. The authors discuss why the attempt was unsuccessful. However, although benefit company legislation was not enacted in Australia, B Lab ANZ’s B Corp certification program has had significant success with 371 Australian B Corps as of January 2022. The authors argue that while B Lab ANZ’s B Corp certification requirements achieve, in some important respects, some of what was contained in the proposed benefit company legislation, had it been enacted the proposed legislation would have ensured greater transparency and accountability for those companies electing to become benefit companies than is currently the case for B Corps in Australia.

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Torre, Dan, and Lienors Torre. "Television and the Rise of International Collaborations." In Australian Animation, 79–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95492-9_5.

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Horn, Stephen, and Peter Whiteford. "Assessing Trends in Poverty in Australia." In Rich and Poor, 45–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0257-8_4.

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Felson, Alexander J., and Nano Langenheim. "Fisherman's Bend, Victoria, Australia." In Landscape Architecture for Sea Level Rise, 90–102. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003183419-12.

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Walsh, Michael. "The Rise and Rise of Australian Languages." In Endangered Languages in the 21st Century, 9–20. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003260288-3.

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Phillimore, John, and Kenneth Leong. "Economic diversification in Australia." In Economic Diversification Policies in Natural Resource Rich Economies, 148–74. Title: Economic diversification policies in natural resource rich economies / edited by Sami Mahroum and Yasser Al-Saleh.Description: 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315660981-7.

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Eckersall, Peter. "Australian Performance Studies Marginally Off Centre." In The Rise of Performance Studies, 118–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230306059_8.

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Pollard, Christina, Andrea Begley, and Tim Landrigan. "The Rise of Food Inequality in Australia." In Food Poverty and Insecurity: International Food Inequalities, 89–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23859-3_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rice Australia"

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Soņeca, Viktorija. "Tehnoloģiju milžu ietekme uz suverēnu." In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.1.18.

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In the last two decades, we have seen the rise of companies providing digital services. Big Tech firms have become all-pervasive, playing critical roles in our social interactions, in the way we access information, and in the way we consume. These firms not only strive to be dominant players in one market, but with their giant monopoly power and domination of online ecosystems, they want to become the market itself. They are gaining not just economic, but also political power. This can be illustrated by Donald Trump’s campaigns, in which he attempted to influence the sovereign will, as the sovereign power is vested in the people. The Trump campaigns' use of Facebook's advertising tools contributed to Trump's win at the 2016 presidential election. After criticism of that election, Facebook stated that it would implement a series of measures to prevent future abuse. For example, no political ads will be accepted in the week before an election. Another example of how Big Tech firms can effect the sovereign is by national legislator. For example, Australia had a dispute with digital platforms such as Facebook and Google. That was because Australia began to develop a News Media and Digital Platforms Mandatory Code. To persuade the Australian legislature to abandon the idea of this code, Facebook prevented Australian press publishers, news media and users from sharing/viewing Australian as well as international news content, including blocking information from government agencies. Such action demonstrated how large digital platforms can affect the flow of information to encourage the state and its legislature to change their position. Because of such pressure, Australia eventually made adjustments to the code in order to find a compromise with the digital platform. Also, when we are referring to political power, it should include lobbying and the European Union legislator. Tech giants are lobbying their interests to influence the European Union’s digital policy, which has the most direct effect on member states, given that the member states are bound by European Union law.

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Kyng, Timothy, Ling Li, and Ayse Bilgin. "Financial and statistical literacy for retirement housing decisions in Australia." In Teaching Statistics in a Data Rich World. International Association for Statistical Education, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.17302.

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Many older people in Australia sell their family home to fund a long term residential arrangement with a “retirement village”. The contracts are complex. Consumers usually lack the capacity to compare various retirement village contracts with each other or with other arrangements. We have designed a methodology for comparing such contracts via a comparison rent and other metrics. We are working towards developing a free online publicly available calculator and relevant educational material to facilitate informed decision making by consumers. Our proposed calculator will utilise publicly available data on mortality and disability to model survival of resident status. It will compute various metrics that measure the costs, benefits and risks of these contracts. These metrics vary with age, gender, and health characteristics. These freely (soon) available resources are intended to educate both consumers and their advisors / families in statistical, health, and financial literacy when they need to make an important decision towards the end of their lives.

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Degereji, Mohammed U. "Numerical Assessment of the Slagging Potential of Nigerian Coal for Possible Co-Firing." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49781.

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Co-firing coal and biomass offers a sustainable renewable energy option. However, slagging and fouling have been identified as some of the major operational challenges associated with co-firing. The chemistry of individual fuels can be used to determine the slagging potential of the blend. Previously, we have developed a numerical slagging index (NSI) based on the ash content in coal and the chemical properties of the coal ash. The NSI has been tested on a wide range of coals, and very good prediction results were obtained. In this paper, the slagging potential of Nigerian coal and other coals from Australia, Colombia and South Africa have been numerically evaluated. The predicted results using the NSI indicate that the Nigerian coal has relatively low slagging propensity when compared with other coals tested in this paper. One of the Australian coals seems to have lower slagging potential, and this may be attributed to the extraordinary low ash content for the coal, as reported. It has been observed that the silica-rich coal ash composition can be used to select suitable coals that could be co-fired with the alkali-rich biomass, with low operational risk. However, detail information on the chemical properties of blend and the particle-particle interaction can improve the performance of the assessment tool.

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Stevens, Mark M. "Influence of water conservation practices on pest management in Australian rice." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93978.

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Simic, Milan. "Flat ride over the gravel road." In 2017 Australian and New Zealand Control Conference (ANZCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/anzcc.2017.8298502.

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Howley, Peter, Ayse Bilgin, and Elena Prieto. "Engaging students and teachers through statistics towards greater connection and social responsibility." In Teaching Statistics in a Data Rich World. International Association for Statistical Education, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.17308.

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Arresting statistical anxiety and connecting students with statistics is critical in the big data age and for future generations to be socially responsible citizens. This paper outlines a national project-based learning activity, which facilitates interdisciplinary projects, engages students from varied backgrounds with varying areas of interest, and develops key communication, research and statistical skills aligned with national school curriculum outcomes. Allowing students to take the lead, determine the context and self-diagnose are powerful motivators. A mentoring model connecting industry, primary, secondary and tertiary educators has been invaluable to the project’s success. Australian school teachers are saying “21st Century learning at its best”, “motivates and engages students”. Mentors are saying “I was inspired by their keenness”, “provides students a unique opportunity”. Students are saying “engaging, educational and enjoyable”. Over 1000 students engaged with the competition in 2016.

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Vorobieff, George. "Has Diamond Grinding Been A Cost Effective Pavement Preservation Treatment In Australia?" In 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/e39ac1sm.

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Australia introduced conventional longitudinal diamond grinding of highway concrete pavements in 2009 with the purchase of two "4‐foot" highway grinding machines by two contractors. The availability of these machines in Australia has enabled contractors to improve ride quality of new pavements, rather than accept a deduction to the tendered rate for the supply and placement of concrete pavement. Grinding of new concrete base is permitted up to an IRI of 3.5 m/km, thereby reducing the need to remove and replace concrete pavement which met the specified thickness, strength and density, but not ride quality. More importantly, with the introduction of the grinding machines, asset managers have the opportunity to use diamond grinding to treat existing concrete pavements that have a rough ride, or when the textured surface no longer meets specified levels for skid resistance. Although the primary use of diamond grinding was to improve ride quality of new and existing concrete pavements, it has also been used to: treat stepping across transverse contraction joints in PCP, improve skid resistance at roundabouts, improve both ride quality and texture for JRCP pavements (greater than 40 years of age) with a thin wearing course and spalling in the asphalt at transverse joints. The above treatments to concrete pavement allow asset preservation and avoid high reconstruction costs. The Austroads concrete pavement design procedure is based on the PCA design method and road smoothness is not a design parameter, unlike the USA approach to concrete pavement design where ride quality is a design input. There is still much work to be done to convince asset managers in Australia that the removal of the high areas of a concrete pavement to smooth the surface, reduces the dynamic wheel loading and minimises accumulated fatigue stress in the concrete. This paper reviews the last 10 years of diamond grinding projects and the success of this pavement preservation treatment for new and existing urban and rural concrete pavements in Australia. Recommendations to reduce the cost of diamond grinding concrete pavements and extend the use of this treatment are also provided.

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Kapitonova, О. А. "Genus bladderwort (Utricularia L., Lentibulariaceae Rich.) in Western Siberia: species composition, distribution, ecological features." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-16.

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The growth of 6 species of the genus Utricularia has been shown for the territory of Western Siberia: U. vulgaris, U. macrorhiza, U. australis, U. minor, U. intermedia and U. ochroleuca. The distribution of species in the region is discussed, and their habitats are characterized. Special attention is paid to the diagnostic signs of bladderworts. It was noted that three of the six species indicated for Western Siberia (U. macrorhiza, U. australis, U. ochroleuca) have single locations within the region.

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Güldenpfennig, Florian, Wolfgang Reitberger, and Geraldine Fitzpatrick. "Capturing rich media through media objects on smartphones." In the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2414536.2414569.

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Wadley, Greg, Martin R. Gibbs, and Nicolas Ducheneaut. "Youcanbe too rich." In the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1738826.1738835.

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Reports on the topic "Rice Australia"

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Thomson, Sue, Nicole Wernert, Sima Rodrigues, and Elizabeth O’Grady. TIMSS 2019 Australia Highlights. Australian Council for Educational Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-616-1.

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Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is an international sample study that assesses the mathematics and science achievement of Year 4 and Year 8 students every four years. Australia has participated in all cycles of TIMSS since it commenced in 1995 and over this 24-year period has collected rich data about trends in mathematics and science achievement. This document provides the highlights from Volume I of the main report TIMSS 2019 Australia. Volume I: Student performance. Volume I and these Highlights focus on the achievement results, detailing Australia’s results within the international context, as well as the results for the Australian jurisdictions, and for different demographic groups within Australia.

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Nguyen, Kim. Do Australian Households Borrow to Keep up with the Joneses? Reserve Bank of Australia, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rdp2022-06.

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I examine whether and how local income inequality affects household debt and its composition using household panel data for Australia from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. I find that middle-income households without liquidity and credit constraints tend to borrow more for non-residential investment purposes as local income inequality rises, suggesting that they are trying to close the income gap. They also appear to try to close the consumption gap by accumulating more car debt with a rise in local income inequality. Both findings are consistent with households 'keeping up with the Joneses', but unlikely to have implications for macrofinancial stability given that households taking on debt appear well resourced.

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de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.

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Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.

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Corriveau, L., J. F. Montreuil, O. Blein, E. Potter, M. Ansari, J. Craven, R. Enkin, et al. Metasomatic iron and alkali calcic (MIAC) system frameworks: a TGI-6 task force to help de-risk exploration for IOCG, IOA and affiliated primary critical metal deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329093.

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Australia's and China's resources (e.g. Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag and Bayan Obo REE deposits) highlight how discovery and mining of iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), iron oxide±apatite (IOA) and affiliated primary critical metal deposits in metasomatic iron and alkali-calcic (MIAC) mineral systems can secure a long-term supply of critical metals for Canada and its partners. In Canada, MIAC systems comprise a wide range of undeveloped primary critical metal deposits (e.g. NWT NICO Au-Co-Bi-Cu and Québec HREE-rich Josette deposits). Underexplored settings are parts of metallogenic belts that extend into Australia and the USA. Some settings, such as the Camsell River district explored by the Dene First Nations in the NWT, have infrastructures and 100s of km of historic drill cores. Yet vocabularies for mapping MIAC systems are scanty. Ability to identify metasomatic vectors to ore is fledging. Deposit models based on host rock types, structural controls or metal associations underpin the identification of MIAC-affinities, assessment of systems' full mineral potential and development of robust mineral exploration strategies. This workshop presentation reviews public geoscience research and tools developed by the Targeted Geoscience Initiative to establish the MIAC frameworks of prospective Canadian settings and global mining districts and help de-risk exploration for IOCG, IOA and affiliated primary critical metal deposits. The knowledge also supports fundamental research, environmental baseline assessment and societal decisions. It fulfills objectives of the Canadian Mineral and Metal Plan and the Critical Mineral Mapping Initiative among others. The GSC-led MIAC research team comprises members of the academic, private and public sectors from Canada, Australia, Europe, USA, China and Dene First Nations. The team's novel alteration mapping protocols, geological, mineralogical, geochemical and geophysical framework tools, and holistic mineral systems and petrophysics models mitigate and solve some of the exploration and geosciences challenges posed by the intricacies of MIAC systems. The group pioneers the use of discriminant alteration diagrams and barcodes, the assembly of a vocab for mapping and core logging, and the provision of field short courses, atlas, photo collections and system-scale field, geochemical, rock physical properties and geophysical datasets are in progress to synthesize shared signatures of Canadian settings and global MIAC mining districts. Research on a metamorphosed MIAC system and metamorphic phase equilibria modelling of alteration facies will provide a foundation for framework mapping and exploration of high-grade metamorphic terranes where surface and near surface resources are still to be discovered and mined as are those of non-metamorphosed MIAC systems.

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Mueller, C., S. J. Piercey, M. G. Babechuk, and D. Copeland. Stratigraphy and lithogeochemistry of rocks from the Nugget Pond Deposit area, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328989.

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Stratigraphic and lithogeochemical data were collected from selected drill core from the Nugget Pond gold deposit in the Betts Cove area, Newfoundland. The stratigraphy consists of a lower unit of basaltic rocks that are massive to pillowed (Mount Misery Formation). This is overlain by sedimentary rocks of the Scrape Point Formation that consist of lower unit of turbiditic siltstone and hematitic cherts/iron formations (the Nugget Pond member); the unit locally has a volcaniclastic rich-unit at its base and grades upwards into finer grained volcaniclastic/turbiditic rocks. This is capped by basaltic rocks of the Scrape Point Formation that contain pillowed and massive mafic flows that are distinctively plagioclase porphyritic to glomeroporphyritic. The mafic rocks of the Mount Misery Formation have island arc tholeiitic affinities, whereas Scrape Point Formation mafic rocks have normal mid-ocean ridge (N-MORB) to backarc basin basalt (BABB) affinities. One sample of the latter formation has a calc-alkalic affinity. All of these geochemical features are consistent with results and conclusions from previous workers in the area. Clastic sedimentary rocks and Fe-rich sedimentary rocks of the Scrape Point Formation have features consistent with derivation from local, juvenile sources (i.e., intra-basinal mafic rocks). The Scrape Point Formation sedimentary rocks with the highest Fe/Al ratios, inferred to have greatest amount of hydrothermally derived Fe, have positive Ce anomalies on Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized trace element plots. These features are consistent with having formed via hydrothermal venting into an anoxic/ sub-oxic water column. Further work is needed to test whether these redox features are a localized feature (i.e., restricted basin) or a widespread feature of the late Cambrian-early Ordovician Iapetus Ocean, as well as to delineate the role that these Fe-rich sedimentary rocks have played in the localization of gold mineralization within the Nugget Pond deposit.

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Dabrowski, Anna, and Pru Mitchell. Effects of remote learning on mental health and socialisation. Literature Review. Australian Council for Educational Research, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-682-6.

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This literature review focuses on the effects of remote learning on mental health, including acute mental health issues and possible ongoing implications for student wellbeing and socialisation. It provides an overview of some of the challenges that can impact on the mental health and relationships of young people, many of which have accelerated or become more complex during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the light of concern about rising antisocial behaviour and extremism there is a focus on socialisation and self-regulation on return to school post-pandemic. In the face of limited Australian research on these topics, the review takes a global focus and includes experiences from other countries as evidenced in the emerging research literature. Based on these findings the review offers advice to school leaders regarding the self-regulatory behaviours of students on return to school after periods of remote learning, and addresses social and emotional considerations as students transition back to school. It also considers ways in which schools can promote wellbeing and respond to mental health concerns as a way to address and prevent antisocial behaviours, recognise manifestations in extremism (including religious fundamentalism), and challenge a general rise in extremist views.

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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.

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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.

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Mueller, C., S. J. Piercey, M. G. Babechuk, and D. Copeland. Stratigraphy and lithogeochemistry of the Goldenville horizon and associated rocks, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328990.

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The Goldenville horizon in the Baie Verte Peninsula is an important stratigraphic horizon that hosts primary (Cambrian to Ordovician) exhalative magnetite and pyrite and was a chemical trap for younger (Silurian to Devonian) orogenic gold mineralization. The horizon is overlain by basaltic flows and volcaniclastic rocks, is intercalated with variably coloured argillites and cherts, and underlain by mafic volcaniclastic rocks; the entire stratigraphy is cut by younger fine-grained mafic dykes and coarser gabbro. Lithogeochemical signatures of the Goldenville horizon allow it to be divided into high-Fe iron formation (HIF; &gt;50% Fe2O3), low-Fe iron formation (LIF; 15-50% Fe2O3), and argillite with iron minerals (AIF; &lt;15% Fe2O3). These variably Fe-rich rocks have Fe-Ti-Mn-Al systematics consistent with element derivation from varying mineral contributions from hydrothermal venting and ambient detrital sedimentation. Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized rare earth element (REE) signatures for the HIF samples have negative Ce anomalies and patterns similar to modern hydrothermal sediment deposited under oxygenated ocean conditions. The PAAS-normalized REE signatures of LIF samples have positive Ce anomalies, similar to hydrothermal sediment deposited under anoxic to sub-oxic conditions. The paradoxical Ce behaviour is potentially explained by the Mn geochemistry of the LIF samples. The LIF have elevated MnO contents (2.0-7.5 weight %), suggesting that Mn from hydrothermal fluids was oxidized in an oxygenated water column during hydrothermal venting, Mn-oxides then scavenged Ce from seawater, and these Mn-oxides were subsequently deposited in the hydrothermal sediment. The Mn-rich LIF samples with positive Ce anomalies are intercalated with HIF with negative Ce anomalies, both regionally and on a metre scale within drill holes. Thus, the LIF positive Ce anomaly signature may record extended and particle-specific scavenging rather than sub-oxic/redox-stratified marine conditions. Collectively, results suggest that the Cambro-Ordovician Taconic seaway along the Laurentian margin may have been completely or near-completely oxygenated at the time of Goldenville horizon deposition.

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Kahima, Samuel, Solomon Rukundo, and Victor Phillip Makmot. Tax Certainty? The Private Rulings Regime in Uganda in Comparative Perspective. Institute of Development Studies, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.001.

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Taxpayers sometimes engage in complex transactions with uncertain tax treatment, such as mergers, acquisitions, demergers and spin-offs. With the rise of global value chains and proliferation of multinational corporations, these transactions increasingly involve transnational financial arrangements and cross-border dealings, making tax treatment even more uncertain. If improperly structured, such transactions could have costly tax consequences. One approach to dealing with this uncertainty is to create a private rulings regime, whereby a taxpayer applies for a private ruling by submitting a statement detailing the transaction (proposed or completed) to the tax authority. The tax authority interprets and applies the tax laws to the requesting taxpayer’s specific set of facts in a written private ruling. The private ruling offers taxpayers certainty as to how the tax authority views the transaction, and the tax treatment the taxpayer can expect based on the specific facts presented. Private rulings are a common feature of many tax systems around the world, and their main goal is to promote tax certainty and increase investor confidence in the tax system. This is especially important in a developing country like Uganda, whose tax laws are often amended and may not anticipate emerging transnational tax issues. Private rulings in Uganda may be applied for in writing prior to or after engaging in the transaction. The Tax Procedures Code Act (TPCA), which provides for private rulings, requires applicants to make a full and true disclosure of the transaction before a private ruling may be issued. This paper evaluates the Ugandan private rulings regime, offering a comparative perspective by highlighting similarities and contrasts between the Ugandan regime and that of other jurisdictions, including the United States, Australia, South Africa and Kenya. The Ugandan private rulings regime has a number of strengths. It is not just an administrative measure as in some jurisdictions, but is based on statute. Rulings are issued from a central office – instead of different district offices, which may result in conflicting rulings. Rather than an elaborate appeals process, the private ruling is only binding on the URA and not on the taxpayer, so a dissatisfied taxpayer can simply ignore the ruling. The URA team that handles private rulings has diverse professional backgrounds, which allows for a better understanding of applications. There are, however, a number of limitations of the Ugandan private rulings system. The procedure of revocation of a private ruling is uncertain. Private rulings are not published, which makes them a form of ‘secret law’. There is no fee for private rulings, which contributes to a delay in the process of issuing one. There is understaffing in the unit that handles private rulings. Finally, there remains a very high risk of bias against the taxpayer because the unit is answerable to a Commissioner whose chief mandate is collection of revenue. A reform of the private rulings regime is therefore necessary, and this would include clarifying the circumstances under which revocation may occur, introducing an application fee, increasing the staffing of the unit responsible, and placing the unit under a Commissioner who does not have a collection mandate. While the private rulings regime in Uganda has shortcomings, it remains an essential tool in supporting investor confidence in the tax regime.

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