Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ribbon molecules

Academic literature on the topic 'Ribbon molecules'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ribbon molecules"

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Fun, Hoong-Kun, Ching Kheng Quah, M. Babu, and B. Kalluraya. "Ethyl 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 65, no. 6 (May 29, 2009): o1404—o1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809019035.

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In the title compound, C16H14F6N2O3, the dihydropyrimidinone ring adopts an envelope conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds into a ribbon-like structure along thebaxis. In the ribbon, a pair of bifurcated acceptor N—H...O and C—H...O bonds generate anR21(6) ring motif. Adjacent ribbons are linkedviaC—H...F hydrogen bonds.
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Cheng, Ru-Mei, Yi-Zhi Li, Sheng-Ju Ou, and Xue-Tai Chen. "3,5-Bis(salicylideneamino)-1H-1,2,4-triazole methanol solvate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 4 (March 15, 2006): o1424—o1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806008853.

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In the crystal structure of the title compound, C16H13N5O2·CH4O, there are intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Molecules form dimers, which are extended to afford a ribbon structure. These ribbons are further packed, forming a three-dimensional grid structure.
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Thanigaimani, Kaliyaperumal, Packianathan Thomas Muthiah, and Daniel E. Lynch. "Hydrogen-bonding patterns in the cocrystal 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine–sorbic acid (1/1)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 11 (October 26, 2007): o4450—o4451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807052543.

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In the title cocrystal, C9H9N5·C6H8O2, the asymmetric unit contains one 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine molecule and a sorbic acid molecule. The triazine molecules are base-paired [with a graph set of R 2 2(8)] on either side via N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming a supramolecular ribbon along the c axis. Each triazine molecule interacts with the carboxyl group of a sorbic acid molecule via N—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds, generating R 2 2(8) motifs. The supramolecular ribbons are interlinked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the 2-amino group of the triazine molecules and the carboxyl O atom of the sorbic acid molecule.
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Gwak, Gyeong-Hyeon, Istvan Kocsis, Yves-Marie Legrand, Mihail Barboiu, and Jae-Min Oh. "Controlled supramolecular structure of guanosine monophosphate in the interlayer space of layered double hydroxide." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (December 6, 2016): 1928–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.184.

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Guanosine monophosphates (GMPs) were intercalated into the interlayer space of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and the molecular arrangement of GMP was controlled in LDHs. The intercalation conditions such as GMP/LDH molar ratio and reaction temperature were systematically adjusted. When the GMP/LDH molar ratio was 1:2, which corresponds to the charge balance between positive LDH sheets and GMP anions, GMP molecules were well-intercalated to LDH. At high temperature (100 and 80 °C), a single GMP molecule existed separately in the LDH interlayer. On the other hand, at lower temperature (20, 40 and 60 °C), GMPs tended to form ribbon-type supramolecular assemblies. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the ribbon-type GMP assembly had an intermolecular interaction energy of ≈101 kJ/mol, which corresponds to a double hydrogen bond between guanosine molecules. Once stabilized, the interlayer GMP orientations, single molecular and ribbon phase, were successfully converted to the other phase by adjusting the external environment by stoichiometry or temperature control.
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Judai, Ken, Yoshikiyo Hatakeyama, and Junichi Nishijo. "Helical Nanostructure of Achiral Silver p-Tolylacetylide Molecules." Journal of Nanoscience 2013 (September 26, 2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/545430.

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Silver p-tolylacetylide is an achiral molecule; however, its nanostructure has been found to consist of twisted nanoribbons. The twisted ribbon is a helicoid that combines translation and perpendicular rotation along the ribbon axis. A helix, a typical chiral structure, can be created by the aggregation of achiral molecules, and the recrystallization conditions control the twist of the nanoribbons. Therefore, the recrystallization controls the chirality.
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Wu, De-Hong. "Three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded assembly in 2,2′-disulfanylidene-5,5′-biimidazolidinylidene-4,4′-dione–dimethylformamide–water (3/2/4)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 69, no. 12 (November 21, 2013): 1545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270113031521.

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The title compound, 3C6H4N4O2S2·2C3H7NO·4H2O, comprises three 2,2′-disulfanylidene-5,5′-biimidazolidinylidene-4,4′-dione molecules, two dimethylformamide molecules and four water molecules arranged around a crystallographic inversion centre. The non-H atoms within the 5,5′-biimidazolidinylidene molecule are coplanar and these molecules aggregate through N—H...S hydrogen-bonding interactions with cyclic motifs [graph setR22(8)], giving two-dimensional ribbon structures which are close to being parallel. The two independent water molecules associate to form centrosymmetric cyclic hydrogen-bonded (H2O)4tetrameric units [graph setR44(8)]. The ribbon structures extend along theaaxis and are linked through the water tetramers and the dimethylformamide molecules by a combination of two- and three-centre hydrogen bonds, giving an overall three-dimensional structure.
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Strey, Mark, and Peter G. Jones. "Pyridine 1:1 adducts of urea (Z′ = 1) and thiourea (Z′ = 8)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 74, no. 4 (March 7, 2018): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229618002632.

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During our studies of urea and thiourea adducts, we noticed that no adducts with unsubstituted pyridine had been structurally investigated. The 1:1 adduct of pyridine and urea, C5H5N·CH4N2O, crystallizes in the P21/c space group with Z = 4. The structure is of a standard type for urea adducts, whereby the urea molecules form a ribbon, parallel to the a axis, consisting of linked R 2 2(8) rings, and the pyridine molecules are attached to the periphery of the ribbon by bifurcated (N—H...)2N hydrogen bonds. The 1:1 adduct of pyridine and thiourea, C5H5N·CH4N2S, crystallizes in the P21/n space group, with Z = 32 (Z′ = 8). The structure displays similar ribbons to those of the urea adduct. There are two independent ribbons parallel to the b axis at z ≃ 0 and 1 \over 2, and three at z ≃ 1 \over 4 and 3 \over 4; the latter are crosslinked to form a layer structure by additional long N—H...S interactions, which each formally replace one branch of a bifurcated hydrogen-bond system.
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Sarojini, Balladka K., Hemmige S. Yathirajan, Eric C. Hosten, Richard Betz, and Christopher Glidewell. "Ethyl (4-benzyloxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate and a redetermination of ethyl (4RS)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate, as its 0.105-hydrate, both at 200 K: subtly different hydrogen-bonded ribbons." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614026758.

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Two sulfanylidene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized using acid-catalysed cyclocondensation reactions between thiourea, ethyl 3-oxobutanoate and substituted benzaldehydes. In each of ethyl (4RS)-4-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate, C21H22N2O3S, (I), whereZ′ = 2, and ethyl (4RS)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate 0.105-hydrate, C15H18N2O3S·0.105H2O, (II), the reduced pyrimidine ring adopts a conformation intermediate between the boat, screw-boat and twist-boat forms. In (I) and (II), a combination of N—H...O and N—H...S hydrogen bonds links the organic molecules into ribbons containing alternatingR22(8) andR44(20) rings. In (I), the ribbon contains three types of ring,viz.two differentR22(8) rings which are both centrosymmetric andR44(20) rings which are not centrosymmetric. In (II), the ribbon contains two types of ring, both of which are centrosymmetric. In compound (II), the ribbons enclose continuous channels which run along the twofold rotation axes in the space groupC2/c, and the partial-occupancy water molecules lie within these channels. Structural comparisons are made with a number of related compounds.
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Bartolucci, Gianluca, Bruno Bruni, Silvia A. Coran, and Massimo Di Vaira. "{2-Hydroxy-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propyl}isopropylammonium hemisuccinate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 65, no. 6 (May 23, 2009): o1364—o1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053680901856x.

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Metoprolol, a widely used adrenoreceptor blocking drug, is commonly administered as the succinate or tartrate salt. The structure of metoprolol succinate, C15H26NO3+·0.5C4H4O42−, is characterized by the presence of ribbons in which cations, generated byN-protonation of the metoprolol molecules, are hydrogen bonded to succinate anions. The dicarboxylic acid transfers its H atoms to two metoprolol molecules; the asymmetric unit contains one cation and half an anion, the latter possessing twofold rotational symmetry. There are localized nets of O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds along a ribbon, within centrosymmetric arrangements formed by pairs of metoprolol cations and pairs of anions, each of the latter contributing with one of its carboxyl groups to the localized net. This arrangement is repeated along the ribbon by the operation of the twofold axis bisecting the anion, as well as by the lattice translation.
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Döring, Cindy, Julian F. D. Lueck, and Peter G. Jones. "Crystal structure of the 1:2 adduct of bis(piperidinium) sulfate and 1,3-dimethylthiourea." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 73, no. 5 (April 4, 2017): 651–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989017004820.

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In the title compound, 2C5H12N+·SO42−·2C3H8N2S, the C=S groups of the two independent 1,3-dimethylurea molecules and the sulfur atom of the anion lie on twofold axes. The packing is centred on bis(piperidinium) sulfate ribbons parallel to thecaxis; the cations are hydrogen bonded to the sulfate by N—H...O and C—H...O interactions. The 1,3-dimethylurea molecules are also hydrogen bonded to sulfate O atoms, and project outwards from the ribbon parallel to thebaxis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ribbon molecules"

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Khimich, Darina. "Molecular physiology of the inner hair cell ribbon synapses." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2005/khimich.

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Fallon, Philip Spencer. "The design, synthesis and applications of hydrogen bonded molecular assemblies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388247.

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Premarathna, Sineth Madushan. "Single Molecule Investigations of Sexiphenyl on Graphene Nano-Ribbons." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1544128223705605.

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Obholzer, Nikolaus. "Molecular components of the hair cell synaptic vesicle cycle." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-opus-79550.

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Houston, Oliver. "Investigating novel molecular regulators of the auditory ribbon synapses of mammalian inner hair cells." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11421/.

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The auditory ribbon synapse is highly specialised to regulate the release of glutamate from IHCs and generate action potentials in auditory afferent fibres in response to small and graded changes in the receptor potential of IHCs. This is essential for maintaining the fidelity of auditory stimuli over wide range of frequencies and intensities. This study was aimed at identifying possible novel molecular regulators for the development and function of auditory ribbon synapses. I have used patch-clamp electrophysiology to record calcium currents and changes in membrane capacitance from IHCs to monitor vesicle fusion at the auditory ribbon synapse. The ubiquitously expressed calcium-sensor for vesicle priming, DOC2B was considered to be a potential priming factor at the auditory ribbon synapse. I have found that it is not involved in fast, calcium-dependent exocytosis of synaptic vesicles at the auditory ribbon synapse. The inositol 5’-phosphatase SynJ2 is required for the survival of auditory hair cells and is thought to regulate clathrin-mediated endocytosis. My results show that IHCs from SynJ2 KO mice display normal endocytic responses after exocytotic events and normal replenishment of the vesicle pools. Therefore, SynJ2 is not required for endocytosis, or vesicle recycling in IHCs. Connexins 26 and 30 are subunits of heteromeric gap-junctions and hemichannels in supporting cells of the cochlea. Connexin mutations cause over 50% of cases of non-syndromic hereditary deafness in humans. IHCs from mice with severely reduced connexin expression display larger calcium currents and smaller exocytotic responses. Therefore expression of connexins in the cochlea is essential for presynaptic function at the auditory ribbon synapse. Finally I have found that the transcriptional co-activator Wbp2 is not required for presynaptic function of mature IHCs, therefore Wbp2 is not involved in the transcription of key presynaptic molecules in IHCs.
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Richter, Katharina Natalia [Verfasser]. "The molecular anatomy of synaptic vesicle recycling at the hair cell ribbon synapse / Katharina Natalia Richter." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1215906129/34.

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Michanski, Susann [Verfasser], Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Moser, Tobias [Gutachter] Moser, and André [Gutachter] Fiala. "Molecular and structural investigation of assembly, maturation and heterogeneity of inner hair cell ribbon synapses / Susann Michanski ; Gutachter: Tobias Moser, André Fiala ; Betreuer: Tobias Moser." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196873968/34.

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Schäfer, Philip Sudadyo. "Tuning of color and polarization of the fluorescence of nano-ribbons using laser microscopy and controlled self-assembly." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0435/document.

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Des matériaux ayant des propriétés émissives spécifiques peuvent être obtenus par l'organisation contrôlée de fluorophores aux échelles moléculaire, nano- et micro-métrique. Dans ce travail, l'émission de lumière bleue polarisée est obtenue par l'auto-assemblage hautement anisotrope de n-acènes alcoxylés en nano-rubans. Des techniques de microscopie de fluorescence ont été utilisées pour déterminer le mécanisme de leur croissance et ont été combinées à la cristallographie aux rayons X pour déterminer l'empilement moléculaire dans les nano-objets. L'étude a révélé que la formation des nano-rubans est induite non seulement par le mécanisme de maturation d'Ostwald très commun, mais aussi par une croissance par attachement orienté rarement démontré dans des systèmes organiques. En plus des techniques plus courantes, la microscopie en polarisation de fluorescence de molécules uniques a contribué à caraxctériser l'emplilement moléculaire, bien que les nano-objets à haute densité en chromophore constituent des échantillons très difficiles à étudier. Dans ce travail, les propriétés des nano-rubans ont été contrôlées au niveau microscopique par les conditions de croissance, ainsi que par l'addition de dopants. Ainsi, en combinant différentes molécules et une réaction photochimique sous microscopie, des rubans à motifs colorés sub-micrométriques ont été obtenus. Par ailleurs, l'assemblage orthogonal a été exploité pour développer des réseaux interpénétrés. Ces derniers se distinguent par une émission à double couleur, un transfert d'énergie entre objets et une électroluminescence aux jonctions
Materials with specific emissive properties can be obtained by the controlled organization of fluorophores at the molecular, nano- and microscales. In this work, polarized blue light emission is achieved by the highly anisotropic self-assembly of alkoxylated n-acenes into nano-ribbons. Fluorescence microscopy techniques were used to determine the growth mechanism and were combined to X-ray crystallography to determine the molecular packing in the nano-objects. The study revealed that the formation of the nano-ribbons is induced not only by the very common Ostwald ripening mechanism but also by an oriented attachnment growth, rarely observed with such evidence in organic systems. Besides more common techniques, single molecule fluorescence polarization microscopy contributed to characterize the molecular packing, although the nano-objects with high chromophore density represent very challenging samples. In this work, the properties of the nano-ribbons have been controlled at the microscopic level by the growth conditions, as well as by the addition of dopants Thereby, combining different molecules and photochemistry at the sub-micrometer scale under the microscope, colorful patterned ribbons could be obtained. In addition, orthogonal assembly was exploited to grow interpenetrated networks. The latter demonstrated dual color-emission, as well as inter-object energy transfer and electroluminescence at junctions
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Wang, Zhao. "Propriétés Electro-mécaniques des Nanotubes de Carbone." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352725.

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Le but de cette thèse était de modéliser la réponse mécanique de nanotubes de carbone à des champs électriques. Nous avons commencé par utiliser le potentiel AIREBO dans des simulations de dynamique moléculaire afin d'étudier l'élasticité non-linéaire et la limite de déformation en torsion de divers nanotubes, en fonction de leur longueur, rayon et chiralité. Nous trouvons notamment que le module d'Young effectif des tubes décroît d'autant plus vite que la chiralité est faible. D'autre part, nous montrons que la limite de l'énergie stockable par atome lors de la torsion d'un tube est d'autant plus grande que le diamètre est petit.

Nous modélisons ensuite, de façon atomistique, la distribution surfacique de charge électrique sur des nanotubes de carbone possédant une charge nette. Nous retrouvons notamment l'effet de pointe classique avec un très bon accord quantitatif avec des résultats expérimentaux obtenus par microscopie à force électrostatique.

Par combinaison des méthodes utilisées dans les études précédentes, nous simulons la déflection de nanotubes semi-conducteurs et métalliques par un champ électrique extérieur, dans une configuration de type interrupteur moléculaire. L'effet des caractéristiques géométriques des tubes et du champ sur cette déflection ont été systématiquement étudiés.

En outre, nous avons vu que des simulations de dynamique moléculaire avec le potentiel AIREBO permettent de retrouver quantitativement les énergies expérimentales d'adsorption du benzène, du naphtalène et d'anthracène sur le graphite. Ce type de simulation nous permet d'avancer sur la voie de la compréhension de la sélectivité de l'adsorption de certaines molécules surfactantes à plusieurs cycles benzéniques sur des nanotubes de chiralité donnée.
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Broach, William H. "Small RNAs of Shigella dysenteriae." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1406822539.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ribbon molecules"

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Zattara, Eduardo E., and Fernando A. Fernández-Alvarez. "Collecting and Culturing Lineus sanguineus to Study Nemertea WBR." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 227–43. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2172-1_12.

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AbstractWhole-body regeneration, the ability to reconstruct complete individuals from small fragments, is rare among ribbon worms (phylum Nemertea) but present in the pilidiophoran species Lineus sanguineus. This species can regenerate complete individuals from a tiny midbody section, and even from a quarter of a piece, provided it retains a fragment of a lateral nerve cord. While a few other unrelated species of ribbon worms are also excellent regenerators, L. sanguineus is unique in having evolved its regenerative abilities quite recently and thus offers an exceptional opportunity to gain insight into the evolutionary mechanisms of regeneration enhancement. Interestingly, both its sister species Lineus lacteus and Lineus pseudolacteus, a third species derived from the recent hybridization of the other two, differ in their regeneration abilities: while L. lacteus is uncapable of regenerating a lost head, L. pseudolacteus is capable of anterior regeneration, albeit at a slower rate than L. sanguineus. L. sanguineus has a worldwide distribution in temperate shores of both hemispheres, is readily found at intertidal habitats, and can survive, feed and be bred through asexual replication with minimal effort in laboratory settings. All the above make this species a superb candidate for studies of regenerative biology. In this chapter, we present protocols to collect, identify and breed L. sanguineus to study the extraordinary whole-body regeneration abilities found in this species.
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Bousset, Luc, Ania Alik, Ana Arteni, Anja Böckmann, Beat H. Meier, and Ronald Melki. "α-Synuclein Fibril, Ribbon and Fibril-91 Amyloid Polymorphs Generation for Structural Studies." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 345–55. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2597-2_23.

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Joven, Alberto, Matthew Kirkham, and András Simon. "Husbandry of Spanish Ribbed Newts (Pleurodeles waltl)." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 47–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2495-0_4.

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Ayala, Inmaculada, and Antonino Colanzi. "In Vitro Methods to Investigate the Disassembly of the Golgi Ribbon During the G2-M Transition of the Cell Cycle." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 333–47. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_21.

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Hayashi, Toshinori, and Takashi Takeuchi. "Gene Manipulation for Regenerative Studies Using the Iberian Ribbed Newt, Pleurodeles waltl." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 297–305. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2495-0_23.

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Yeh, Hsin-Sung, Jae-Woong Chang, and Jeongsik Yong. "Ribo-Proteomics Approach to Profile RNA–Protein and Protein–Protein Interaction Networks." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 165–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3591-8_14.

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Chen, Hao, Jose M. Alonso, and Anna N. Stepanova. "A Ribo-Seq Method to Study Genome-Wide Translational Regulation in Plants." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 61–98. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2297-1_6.

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Chen, Hao, Jose M. Alonso, and Anna N. Stepanova. "A Ribo-Seq Method to Study Genome-Wide Translational Regulation in Plants." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 61–98. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2297-1_6.

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Qiu, Jingfan, and Shu-Bing Qian. "Poly-A Tailing and Adaptor Ligation Methods for Ribo-Seq Library Construction." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 221–37. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1150-0_10.

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Atkins, Peter. "Seeing the Light: Vision." In Reactions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695126.003.0031.

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Now for that extraordinary and wonderful sense, vision. A lot of physics and physiology goes on between the object observed and the focus of its image on the retina of the eye, but the interface of the image with the brain is photochemical. About 57 per cent of the photons that enter the eye reach the retina; the rest are scattered or absorbed by the ocular fluid, the fluid that fills the eye and helps to maintain its shape. You need to know that the ‘rods’ and ‘cones’, the physical receptors distributed over the retina, contain a molecule called retinal, 1, which is anchored to a protein, opsin, to give the aggregate known as rhodopsin. Here the primary act of vision takes place, in which that rhodopsin absorbs a photon. Rhodopsin is the primary receptor for light throughout the animal kingdom, which indicates that vision emerged very early in evolutionary history, no doubt because of its enormous value for survival. Incidentally, a retinal molecule resembles half a carotene molecule, one of the molecules that contribute to the colour of carrots, which is why there is an at least apocryphal connection between eating carrots and improving one’s vision. Let’s stand almost literally eye-to-eye and watch what happens when a retinal molecule in your eye absorbs a photon that might have bounced off this page as you read it. I have indicated the shape of the opsin molecule by ribbons which show in a general way where its numerous atoms lie. The photon passes through your pupil, negotiates the ocular fluid, and plunges into the retinal hotspot of rhodopsin. We see it stir up the electron cloud of the long chain of carbon atoms in the tail of the retinal molecule. That stirring briefly loosens the double bond character of the links between the atoms, and the molecule snaps into a new shape with the carbon tail now straight. The storm in the electron cloud subsides and all the bonds are restored, but now the retinal molecule is trapped in its new shape.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ribbon molecules"

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Horng, Ray-Hua. "Study on miniature ribbon microphone." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2011.6017553.

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Chao, Tzu-Yuan, Kuei-Shu Li, and Y. T. Cheng. "SU-8 flexible ribbon cable for biomedical microsystem interconnection." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2011.6017432.

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Lerer, Alexander M., Galina S. Makeeva, Vladimir V. Cherepanov, and Irina N. Ivanova. "Reconfigurable broadband terahertz perfect absorbers and generators based on multilayer graphene ribbon plasmonic structures." In Laser Physics, Photonic Technologies, and Molecular Modeling, edited by Vladimir L. Derbov. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2585702.

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Nobori, Atsuki, Naofumi Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Kuwae, Takashi Kasahara, Juro Oshima, Chihaya Adachi, Shuichi Shoji, and Jun Mizuno. "Flexible organic light emitting diode ribbons using three liquid organic semiconductors." In 2016 IEEE 11th Annual International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2016.7758195.

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Moore, Patrick, Robert Cory, and Cameron McPhail. "Molecular Ribbons via Diels-Alder Cycloadditions: Synthesis of Models for Solubilized Polyacenes and Polyacene Polyquinones." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-1-02024.

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Zhang, Qinqiang, Takuya Kudo, and Ken Suzuki. "Theoretical Study of Electronic Band Structure of Dumbbell-Shape Graphene Nanoribbons for Highly-Sensitive Strain Sensors." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88431.

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Abstract:
The authors have proposed the formation of dumbbell-shape graphene nanoribbon (GNR) for developing various semi-conductive materials with metallic electrode at both ends. The novel dumbbell-shape structure, which has a center narrow part and wide parts to sandwich the narrow part, can be considered as a composite structure consisting of two single GNRs with different ribbon width. In this study, the electronic band structure of this dumbbell-shape GNR was analyzed by using the first principle calculation method. All the first-principles calculations were performed using DFT. Throughout these calculations, the electronic band structures, densities of states, and orbital distributions of the new dumbbell-shape structure GNR were examined to describe the electronic properties of dumbbell-shape GNRs and predict the performance of strain sensors. The band gap of dumbbell-shape GNRs is different to that of single GNRs. The magnitude of the band gap of the dumbbell-shape GNR depends on the combination of the single GNRs and the difference in the width of narrow part and wide parts. The main change to the band gap is attributed to a change in the orbital distributions of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO). In addition, when a dumbbell-shape GNR undergoes a uniaxial tensile strain, its band gap showed high strain sensitivity as was expected. Therefore, the GNR material with a dumbbell-shape structure has great potential for use in highly sensitive strain sensors.
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Iacovides, Hector, and Mehrdad Raisee. "Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in Stationary and Rotating Cooling Passages With Inclined Ribs on Opposite Walls." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53245.

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Abstract:
This paper discusses the results of a numerical study of water flow through a straight, orthogonally rotating duct, with ribs along the leading and trailing walls, in a staggered arrangement and at an angle of 45° to the main flow direction. The rib spacing to duct height ratio (P/H) is 1, the rib height to duct height ratio (h/H) is 0.1 and the ribs are of square cross-section (h/w = 1). The two ribbed walls are heated, while the two smooth walls are thermally insulated. Flow computations have been produced using a three-dimensional, non-orthogonal flow solver, with two 2-layer models of turbulence (an effective-viscosity model and a second-moment closure), in which across the near-wall regions the dissipation rate of turbulence is obtained from the wall distance. The numerical predictions are first validated through comparisons with available flow and thermal measurements for stationary and rotating passages and are then used to explain how the inclined ribs and the orthogonal rotation influence the flow and thermal development. Flow comparisons have been carried out for a Reynolds number of 100,000 and for rotation numbers of 0 (stationary) and 0.1. Temperature comparisons have been obtained for a Reynolds number of 36,000, a Prandl number of 5.9 (water) and rotation numbers of 0 and 0.2. For the stationary case additional computations using air as the working fluid (Pr = 0.7), help to assess the effect of the molecular Prandtl number on the thermal characteristics. As we have also found in a recent study of flow through a stationary passage with inclined ribs, both 2-layer models returned similar flow and thermal predictions. The former are in close agreement with available LDA data and the latter are also consistent with available liquid crystal measurements. The flow and thermal developments are found to be dominated by the rib-induced secondary motion, which leads to strong spanwise variations in the mean flow and the local Nusselt number and to a uniform distribution of turbulence intensities across the duct. A reduction in the value of the Prandtl number, to that of air, leads to less rapid changes in the local Nusselt number, but does not change the overall thermal characteristics. Rotation causes the development of stronger secondary motion along the pressure side of the duct and also the transfer of the faster fluid to this side. As a result, along the pressure side the Nusselt number after each rib remains high across the ribbed side, while along suction side, the Nusselt number exhibits stronger reduction in the lateral direction. The flow predictions of both models are in close agreement with the rotating flow measurements. The thermal predictions, especially those of the second-moment closure, reproduce the levels and most of the local features of the measured Nusselt number, but over the second half of the rib interval over-predict the local Nusselt number.
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