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Journal articles on the topic 'Rhombic Plates'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Lim, Teik-Cheng. "Simplified Design Equations for a Class of Rhombic Auxetic Plates." MATEC Web of Conferences 206 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820601009.

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Equations for solving the deflection and bending moments of rhombic plates by exact method are known to be highly tedious. A set of simplified equations is developed for design purposes of such simply supported plates under uniform load. Curve-fitting from exact data allows the deflection and its second derivatives, evaluated at the plate centre, to be expressed in greatly simplified and yet sufficiently accurate empirical models for thin rhombic plates. Using the simplified model, it is shown that the maximum bending moment can be reduced by using auxetic materials. By including the effects of shear deformation for thick rhombic plates, it is demonstrated that the ratio of shear-to-bending deformation decreases as the rhombic plate approaches a square shape and as the plate’s Poisson’s ratio becomes more negative.

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2

Mansfield, E. H. "Collapse pressures for rhombic plates." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 42, no. 3 (March 2000): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7403(99)00002-8.

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3

Huang, C. S., O. G. McGee, A. W. Leissa, and J. W. Kim. "Accurate Vibration Analysis of Simply Supported Rhombic Plates by Considering Stress Singularities." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 117, no. 3A (July 1, 1995): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2874440.

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This is the first known work which explicitly considers the bending stress singularities that occur in the two opposite, obtuse corner angles of simply supported rhombic plates undergoing free, transverse vibration. The importance of these singularities increases as the rhombic plate becomes highly skewed (i.e., the obtuse angles increase). The analysis is carried out by the Ritz method using a hybrid set consisting of two types of displacement functions, e.g., (1) algebraic polynomials and (2) corner functions accounting for the singularities in the obtuse corners. It is shown that the corner functions accelerate the convergence of solution, and that these functions are required if accurate solutions are to be obtained for highly skewed plates. Accurate nondimensional frequencies and normalized contours of the vibratory transverse displacement are presented for simply supported rhombic plates with skew angles ranging to 75 deg. (i.e., obtuse angles of 165 deg.). Frequency and mode shapes of isosceles and right triangular plates with all edges simply supported are also available from the data presented.

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4

Ray, Ajit Kumar, Barun Banerjee, and Biswanath Bhattacharjee. "Non-linear analysis of heated rhombic plates." International Journal of Solids and Structures 31, no. 5 (March 1994): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(94)90147-3.

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5

Ray, Ajit Kumar, B. Banerjee, and B. Bhattacharjee. "Large deflections of rhombic plates—a new approach." International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 27, no. 6 (November 1992): 1007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7462(92)90051-8.

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6

Shanmugam, N. E., R. Huang, C. H. Yu, and S. L. Lee. "Uniformly loaded rhombic orthotropic plates supported at corners." Computers & Structures 30, no. 5 (January 1988): 1037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(88)90148-4.

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7

Rowe, Ralph, Joel D. Grice, and Rémy S. Poulin. "Differentiating veatchite polytypes using X-ray powder diffraction." Powder Diffraction 29, no. 1 (October 15, 2013): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715613000766.

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Veatchite polytypes were properly identified from several localities relying solely on micro powder diffraction data. Diagnostic differences in their respective calculated patterns gave reliable identification results when compared with measured data. This permitted the confirmation of co-existing veatchite-1A and -2M on the same specimen from the Billie Mine, Inyo County, California as flat elongated crystals (-1A) and flat rhombic plates (-2M), respectively. On the specimen from the Sterling Borax Mine (Lang), type-locality for veatchite-2M, the polytype veatchite-1A was confirmed from radiating rhombic plates. From the type specimen for veatchite-1A (rhombic plates), collected from the borate deposit in Emet, Turkey, an additional unknown polytype of this mineral was discovered, but lacks suitable material for a complete characterization. At the Penobsquis deposit near Sussex in New Brunswick, Canada, only veatchite-2M was encountered. The area between 20 and 25°2θ holds the following diffraction signatures: -1A (two sets of double peaks at approximately 21.5 and 24.5°2θ), -1M (single peaks at 20 and 23°2θ) and -2M (double peaks at 20 and 23°2θ). The unknown polytype from Emet, Turkey differs from polytype-1A in that same range by having single peaks at the 21.5 and 24.5° instead of double peaks.

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8

Butalia, T. S., T. Kant, and V. D. Dixit. "Performance of heterosis element for bending of skew rhombic plates." Computers & Structures 34, no. 1 (January 1990): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(90)90298-g.

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9

Jia, Min, Wen-hui Zhao, and Lan-feng Yuan. "New Hexagonal-rhombic Trilayer Ice Structure Confined between Hydrophobic Plates." Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 27, no. 1 (February 27, 2014): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1674-0068/27/01/15-19.

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10

Nakasako, Masayoshi, Makoto Kimura, and Isamu Yamaguchi. "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of blasticidin S deaminase from Aspergillus terreus." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 55, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444998011809.

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Blasticidin S deaminase from Aspergillus terreus was crystallized with polyethylene glycol 8000. Two types of crystals were grown under the same crystallization conditions. One type grew as thin plates, while the other had a rhombic shape. The rhombic shaped crystal was suitable for high-resolution crystal structure analysis. Precession photographs and diffraction data showed that the crystal belonged to orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit-cell dimensions a = 70.33, b = 146.56 and c = 56.48 Å. The calculated Vm value was acceptable when a tetramer of the enzyme was contained in an asymmetric unit. Preliminary diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 2.0 Å with good statistics.

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11

Gorman, D. J. "Accurate Analytical-Type Solutions for the Free Vibration of Simply-Supported Parallelogram Plates." Journal of Applied Mechanics 58, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897151.

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A comprehensive study of the free vibration of simply-supported parallelogram plates is conducted. Solutions are obtained by utilizing the superposition method and by taking advantage of symmetry inherent in the problem. Toward this end a new alternating Le´vy-type solution is introduced. Verification tests are conducted by comparing computed eigenvalues with those of rhombic plates in the special case where all plate edges are of equal length. Eigenvalues are stored for eight vibration modes and for a wide range of plate geometry.

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12

Ansari, M. I., A. Kumar, D. Barnat-Hunek, P. Brzyski, and W. Andrzejuk. "Dynamic analysis of FGM rhombic plates with a variation in the mass." Materiali in tehnologije 52, no. 6 (December 17, 2018): 731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2018.071.

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13

Wang, Xinwei, and Zhe Wu. "Differential quadrature analysis of free vibration of rhombic plates with free edges." Applied Mathematics and Computation 225 (December 2013): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2013.09.018.

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14

Obaid Mashjel, Ahmed, Rafil Mahmood Laftah, and Hassanein Ibraheem Khalaf. "Study the effect of perforation type for plate with central crack on the stress intensity factor using the XFEM." Basrah journal of engineering science 21, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33971/bjes.21.1.5.

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n this study, loading was carried out for several types of perforated plates, such as circular, rhombic and rectangular holes, where the holes were arranged in two types, namely straight arrangement and alternating arrangement. The stress intensity factor and shape factor were calculated for each case, taking into account the diameter of the holes. So, it is found the SIF increases significantly when the plate is perforated, and the same applies to the shape factor, also increases. In the case of circular holes, the increases in the average value of (SIF) reached to (80.88 %) when the plate was perforated with alternated arranged of circular holes, while the straight arrangement of circular holes the increases of average values of SIF reach to (67.55 %). Either in the case of rhombus holes: the SIF values are increases to (51.07 %) when the plate was perforated with the alternated arrangement, while in the straight arrangement of holes the (SIF) increase to (35.43 %). It was observed through this study, the increases of stress intensity factor and the shape factor with different crack lengths were more stable in the plate that perforated with an alternated arrangement of holes than the straight arrangement. The higher values of stress intensity factor obtained when the plates were perforated with circular holes, due to the circular shape has more stiffness, so the Absorption of force will be small Compared with the rhombus and rectangular shape that will be less stiffness which the absorption of strength is greater.

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15

Sebastian, Sebastian, and Wong Foek Tjong. "AN ENHANCEMENT OF KRIGING BASED FINITE ELEMENT FOR PLATE ANALYSIS BY USING MITC3+ ELEMENT." Dimensi Utama Teknik Sipil 8, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/duts.8.2.31-50.

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A development of Kriging-based finite elements method has been carried out by implementing the MITC3+ plate elements for modeling the plate structure. The MITC3+ element used is a development of the MITC3 element whose performance is considered quite good and can overcome problems that arise in the application of conventional Kriging-based finite elements, one of which is the shear-locking. The application of Kriging interpolation on MITC3+ elements is carried out with the Kriging shape function formulation in the formation of the bending stiffness matrix only. The elements are then tested with various benchmark problems such as Patch Test, hard clamped square plate, Rhombic Plate, and its ability to solve complex-shaped plates. The results showed that the MITC3+ was able to avoid the shear-locking mechanism and also produce an accurate solution. However, it appears there is an inconsistent convergence pattern on the Patch Test and Rhombic Plate.

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16

HUANG, C. S., and C. W. CHAN. "VIBRATION ANALYSES OF CRACKED PLATES BY THE RITZ METHOD WITH MOVING LEAST-SQUARES INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 14, no. 02 (January 5, 2014): 1350060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455413500600.

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The solutions for the vibrations of cracked thin plates are obtained by the Ritz method with admissible functions. Based on the classical plate theory, the basis functions comprising polynomials and crack functions are adopted to generate the admissible functions by the moving least-squares approach for a set of nodes randomly distributed in the domain. The crack functions account for the singular behaviors of stress resultants at crack tip(s), which are discontinuous in displacement and slope across the crack. The present solutions are validated through convergence tests of frequencies and by comparison with the published results for simply-supported cracked rectangular plates. The solutions are further employed to determine the natural frequencies of cantilevered skewed rhombic and isosceles triangular plates and completely free circular plates, each with a crack of varying length, location and orientation. The numerical results are tabulated and some corresponding mode shapes are also presented, by means of nodal patterns. Most of the results shown here are new to the literature.

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17

Toma, Corina. "The hoard of Dacian jewellery found at Uileacu de Criș (Bihor County)." Acta Musei Napocensis 58 (December 12, 2021): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54145/actamn.i.58.02.

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The article presents the Dacian silver hoard found at Uileacu de Criş, Bihor County, composed of two necklaces, one made from a band, the other from a twisted bar, two rhombic plate fibulae kept fragmentarily, two pendants and a ring. According to custom, rhombic plate brooches represent the essential landmark in the dating of the hoard, but the proposed timeframes place them in different chronological phases: the years 75/50 BC-AD 25/30 (Kurt Horedt and Aurel Rustoiu) or 25 BC-AD 25 (Daniel Spânu). The attempt to date the rhombic plate brooches according to the association with other types of fibulae does not lead to a conclusive result. To clarify the dating of the hoard, we used the analysis of the necklaces and pendants in the broader context of adornments made with the two techniques: silver plates and twisted bars or wires. In conclusion, taking into account the methodological deficiencies and the changes in the chronology of Thasian tetradrachms, Dyrrhachium and Apollonia drachms and late Republican denarii, whose date of entry into Dacia goes down by about half a century the beginning of Dacian metalworking, it is found that the division of jewellery into clearly defined chronological groups is not possible. The hiding of the hoard from Uileacu de Criș could have taken place during the Augustan period, but the jewellery had been in use for several decades.

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18

McGee, O. G., W. D. Graves, T. S. Butalia, and M. I. Owings. "Natural vibrations of shear deformable rhombic plates with clamped and free edge conditions." Computers & Structures 53, no. 3 (November 1994): 679–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(94)90111-2.

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19

Mcgee, O. G., W. D. Graves, and T. S. Butalia. "Natural frequencies of shear deformable rhombic plates with clamped and simply supported edges." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 36, no. 12 (December 1994): 1133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7403(94)90064-7.

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20

Huband, S., A. M. Glazer, K. Roleder, A. Majchrowski, and P. A. Thomas. "Crystallographic and optical study of PbHfO3 crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 50, no. 2 (February 17, 2017): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576717000309.

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The symmetry of the intermediate high-temperature phase of PbHfO3 has been determined unambiguously to be orthorhombic using a combination of high-resolution X-ray diffraction and birefringence imaging microscopy measurements of crystal plates. While lattice parameter measurements as a function of temperature in the intermediate phase are consistent with either orthorhombic or tetragonal symmetry, domain orientations observed in birefringence imaging microscopy measurements utilizing the Metripol system are only consistent with orthorhombic symmetry with the unit cell in the rhombic orientation of the pseudocubic unit cell.

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21

Sengupta, D. "Performance study of a simple finite element in the analysis of skew rhombic plates." Computers & Structures 54, no. 6 (March 1995): 1173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(94)00405-r.

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22

Anish, Ajay Kumar, and Anupam Chakrabarti. "Influence of openings and additional mass on vibration of laminated sandwich rhombic plates using IHSDT." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 33, no. 1 (October 11, 2018): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718785682.

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In this article, investigations on the influence of openings and additional mass on free vibration analysis of laminated composite sandwich skew plates using improved higher order shear deformation theory (IHSDT) have been done. The IHSDT model satisfies the interlaminar shear stress continuity at the layer interfaces and also ensures zero transverse shear stress conditions at the top and bottom of the plate. The piecewise parabolic shear stress variation across the thickness of each layer is considered. No shear correction factors are required. The 2-D C0 finite element (FE) model has been developed by authors based on IHSDT. FE model based on IHSDT has been coded in FORTRAN. The problem of C1 continuity requirement associated with the IHSDT is overcome using an appropriate C0 FE formulation. The free vibration frequencies of laminated composite and sandwich plates obtained using the present 2-D FE model are in good agreement with the 3-D elasticity results. The influence of the side-to-thickness ratio, skew angles, boundary conditions, and mode shapes is taken into consideration for the present study.

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23

Huang, Chiung-Shiann, Hao-Ting Lee, Pin-Yu Li, and Ming-Ju Chang. "Three-Dimensional Free Vibration Analyses of Preloaded Cracked Plates of Functionally Graded Materials via the MLS-Ritz Method." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 7712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247712.

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In this study, the moving least squares (MLS)-Ritz method, which involves combining the Ritz method with admissible functions established using the MLS approach, was used to predict the vibration frequencies of cracked functionally graded material (FGM) plates under static loading on the basis of the three-dimensional elasticity theory. Sets of crack functions are proposed to enrich a set of polynomial functions for constructing admissible functions that represent displacement and slope discontinuities across a crack and appropriate stress singularity behaviors near a crack front. These crack functions enhance the Ritz method in terms of its ability to identify a crack in a plate. Convergence studies of frequencies and comparisons with published results were conducted to demonstrate the correctness and accuracy of the proposed solutions. The proposed approach was also employed for accurately determining the frequencies of cantilevered and simply supported side-cracked rectangular FGM plates and cantilevered internally cracked skewed rhombic FGM plates under uniaxial normal traction. Moreover, the effects of the volume fractions of the FGM constituents, crack configurations, and traction magnitudes on the vibration frequencies of cracked FGM plates were investigated.

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24

Saad, Khaled, Ibrahim Nowair, and Emad Esa. "THREE DIMENSION RHOMBIC PLATES VERSUS TWO MINIPLATES FOR FIXATION OF UNILATERAL LOW SUBCONDYLAR MANDIBULAR FRACTURES." Egyptian Dental Journal 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/edj.2017.74757.

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25

Malhotra, S. K., N. Ganesan, and M. A. Veluswami. "Effect of fibre orientation and boundary conditions on the vibration behaviour of orthotropic rhombic plates." Composites 19, no. 2 (March 1988): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(88)90722-7.

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26

Gorman, D. J. "Accurate free vibration analysis of rhombic plates with simply-supported and fully-clamped edge conditions." Journal of Sound and Vibration 125, no. 2 (September 1988): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-460x(88)90283-0.

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27

Gordienko, Yuri, Pavel V. Kuznetsov, Elena Zasimchuk, Rimma Gontareva, Jürgen Schreiber, and Vladimir Karbovsky. "Multiscale 2D Rectangular and 3D Rhombic Gratings Created by Self-Organization of Crystal Structure Defects under Constrained Cyclic Deformation and Fracture." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.421.

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The substructure evolution was observed in the range of scales from dozens nanometers to millimeters on the surface of the aluminum single crystalline plates under restricted cyclic tension. The self-similar systems of crossing bands that create the grid-like ordered structures on different scales are assumed to be clear manifestation of their self-organization. The selforganization of these grid-like structures is assumed to be inevitably related to the crystal structure defects (dislocations, point-like defects and their ensembles). The model is proposed for explanation of 2-dimensional rectangular "tweed" and 3-dimensional rhombic "pullover" pattern formations which are related to cooperative arrangement of crystal structure defects.

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28

YE, CHAO, CHONGBO MA, and XIAOHUA JIN. "Liparis bomiensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Malaxideae), a new species from Xizang, China." Phytotaxa 634, no. 1 (January 11, 2024): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.634.1.9.

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Liparis bomiensis, a new species of Orchidaceae from Bomi County, Linzhi, Xizang, China, is described and illustrated on morphological characters and molecular systematics. It is morphologically similar to L. rostrata with 2 thick projections at base of column, but differs from it by having purple and rhombic lip about 15 mm long, sepals and petals more than 15 mm long. Molecular phylogenetic results based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid matK sequences showed that L. bomiensis is sister to L. glossula, but differs from it by having 2 thick nipple-like projections at base of column, two leaves, bracts triangular, column strongly curved. A detailed morphological description and photographic plates are provided for this new species.

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29

Kim, Joo Woo, and Hie Young Jung. "Influence of Stress Singularities on the Vibration of Rhombic Plates with V-Notches or Sharp Cracks." Key Engineering Materials 270-273 (August 2004): 1414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.270-273.1414.

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30

McGee, Oliver G. "Flexural vibrations of clamped-free rhombic plates with corner stress singularities. Part I: review of research." Journal of Vibration and Control 21, no. 13 (December 9, 2013): 2583–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546312456864.

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31

McGee, Oliver G. "Flexural vibrations of clamped-free rhombic plates with corner stress singularities. Part II: comparison of solutions." Journal of Vibration and Control 21, no. 13 (December 19, 2013): 2639–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546313500752.

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32

Xiang, Jian Hua, Chun Liang Zhang, and Fan Jiang. "Fabrication Technology of Miniaturized Loop Heat Pipe." Advanced Materials Research 426 (January 2012): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.426.227.

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Fabrication technology of a novel miniaturized loop heat pipe, which consisted of an evaporator, a condenser, vapor and liquid lines, was present in this study. The evaporator, whose bottom was connected as the cycle channel of refrigerant, were consist of boiling and suction chambers to ensure the vapor to one-way flow to vapor line. Thin copper plates with micro-fins fabricated by the ploughing-extrusion (P-E) method were embedded in the boiling chamber as enhanced structures. Moreover, the copper fiber sintered felt fabricated by the solid-phase sintering of copper fibers with rough surface, was filled in the suction chamber of evaporator as the wick to provide the capillary force. In addition, the integral rhombic-shaped pillars as intensified condensation structures in the condenser were fabricated by the milling method.

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33

Laura, P. A. A., and R. H. Gutierrez. "Vibrations of rhombic plates subject to an in-plane state of hydrostatic stress and carrying a concentrated mass." Journal of Sound and Vibration 159, no. 2 (December 1992): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-460x(92)90042-v.

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34

McGee, O. G., J. W. Kim, and Y. S. Kim. "CORNER STRESS SINGULARITY EFFECTS ON THE VIBRATION OF RHOMBIC PLATES WITH COMBINATIONS OF CLAMPED AND SIMPLY SUPPORTED EDGES." Journal of Sound and Vibration 193, no. 3 (June 1996): 555–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1996.0302.

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35

Mendes, Jone Clebson Ribeiro, João Marcelo Alvarenga Braga, Claudio Nicoletti de Fraga, Rafaela Alves Pereira-Silva, Margareth Ferreira de Sales, and Sarah Maria Athiê-Souza. "Two New Species of Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) from Southeastern Brazil." Systematic Botany 47, no. 3 (September 16, 2022): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364422x16573019348382.

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Abstract— Two new species, Phyllanthus lilliputianus and Phyllanthus sobralii are described for the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil, for the states of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais, respectively. The presence of deeply emarginate anthers and four-colporate pollen grains with reticulate and microreticulate exine indicate that both species belong to Phyllanthus sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Claussenianii. Phyllanthus lilliputianus is an erect and small herb, with mucilaginous-hyaline branchlets, stipules, and petiole, an elliptical leaf blade that is membranaceous and sparsely mucilaginous-hyaline, staminate flowers with 5 sepals rhombic to widely obovate, and pistillate flowers with 5 slightly unguiculate sepals. P. sobralii is characterized by an herbaceous habit, with cylindrical branchlets that are glabrous, fractiflex and pinnatiform, leaf blades broadly elliptical to oval-elliptical, turquoise with prominent ribs on both surfaces, staminate and pistillate flowers with 5 sepals, with an accentuated central strip. Detailed description, colored plates, line drawing, notes on distribution, and conservation assessment are provided below.

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36

SOKOLOV, Boris, Vitaly TITAEV, and Dmitry PASKHIN. "PRECAST SHELLS MADE OF UNITS BENT DURING FORMING." Bulletin of Science and Research Center “Stroitelstvo”, no. 3 (30) (August 30, 2021): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2021-3(30)-66-77.

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In construction, thin-walled reinforced concrete spatial structures are used both for unique roofs of large-span buildings and for mass buildings of the pavilion type and small architectural forms. The most serious obstacle to the widespread application of economical thin-walled reinforced concrete structures is the shortcomings of the technology used for the manufacture and installation of prefabricated shell elements. The method of bending just formed flat flexible plates to give them a curved shape is one of the most promising technological methods that allow you to abandon the use of expensive metal forms of complex curved outlines, significantly simplify all production processes. The article describes the experience of research and development of structural decisions for spatial structures of building roofs with the use of unified rhombic elements made by the method of bending a flat just formed sheet on a flexible formwork.

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37

Gallucci, M., F. Iannessi, E. Puglielli, A. Splendiani, and R. Russo. "Embriologia e genetica dello sviluppo cerebellare." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 16, no. 3 (June 2003): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090301600305.

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During the fourth week of development, the mesencephalic flexure and cervical flexure appear in the cranial region of the neural tube, delimiting three neural vescicles: the prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhomboencephalon. During the fifth week, the pontine flexure forms in the roof of the rhomboencephalon, marking the division between the metencephalon and myeloencephalon, the future medulla oblongata. The dorsal part of the metencephalon (alar plate), between the mesencaphalic isthmus and the pontine flexure, will give rise to the cerebellum, whereas its ventral part (basal plate) will give rise to the pons. The alar plates, lateral to the deepening pontine fissure and the hindbrain cavity, present an intense proliferative activity with the formation of two extensions which fuse just behind the isthmus to form the cerebellar plate. During the sixth week of development, the rhombic lips appear in the posterolateral regions of this strip and after persistent proliferative activity they fuse along the median line. Median thickening of this region will give rise to the vermis, while the two lateral masses become the lateral lobes. During the seventh week, the flocculonodular lobe will form. Between the eighth and ninth weeks, the vermis expands caudally with progressive dilatation of the fourth ventricle whose Luschka and Magendie foramina are still unperforated. The cerebellar proliferation and differentiation processes are correlated to the activity of two separate germinal areas: the ependymal ventricle and the rhombic lip. From the eighth week, neuroblastic migration starts from the rhombic lip which in successive genetically controlled steps leads to the formation of the external granular layer of the cerebellar cortex. From the ventriculo-ependymal zone cells migrate to form the cerebellar nuclei destined to differentiate into Purkinje cells. The cerebellar recess starts to develop around the twelfth week with the formation of the primary fissure separating the anterior and posterior parts of the cerebellum to end with the complete formation of all cerebellar lobes at around the twenty-fourth week of development. The foliation process starts when the recess has formed and continues in the first months of life after birth. The processes of cell development and differentiation are genetically programmed and the outcome of an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The different stages of embryonic development are thought to be controlled by sequential ordered activation of genetic clusters (homeotypic genes) which in turn encode for a series of molecules directly involved in the regulation of cell and tissue interactions. There is increasing evidence of genetic involvement in the different types of cerebellar malformation whose expression and association with other extracerebellar malformations depends on the developmental age at which the genetic change occurred.

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38

Das, H. S., and D. Chakravorty. "A finite element application in the analysis and design of point-supported composite conoidal shell roofs: Suggesting selection guidelines." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 45, no. 3 (January 26, 2010): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247jsa582.

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In the present paper, a finite element code is applied to study the bending behaviour of point-supported composite conoidal shells. These doubly curved surfaces may look similar to single curved conical shells, but the non-developable conoids present much stiffer surfaces. Laminated composites offer a high strength-to-weight ratio, and composite conoidal shells can cover large column-free areas. These shells on point supports have wide applications in car parks and theatres. Research reports are available regarding the static and dynamic behaviour of composite and isotropic conoidal shells, but with different combinations of simply supported, clamped, and free boundary conditions. Reports on corner-point-supported isotropic rhombic plates and doubly curved shells also exist, but data on the bending behaviour of conoidal shells supported at discrete points only are missing. Hence, in the present paper, three different point-supported boundary conditions are considered with four different laminations, the relative performance of different shell options is studied in detail, and suitable approaches are proposed to choosing the best shell option among many in a practical situation.

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39

Schäfer, Marion C., Michael Petter, Ingo Hartenbach, Ralf J. C. Locke, Shuang Zhang, Claudia Wickleder, and Thomas Schleid. "Luminescence Properties of Y3F[Si3O10]:Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Tb, Er) with Thalenite-Type Host Lattice and Crystal Structure of Tm3F[Si3O10]." Crystals 13, no. 3 (March 16, 2023): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030511.

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With Tm3F[Si3O10], a new representative of the Ln3F[Si3O10] series could be synthesized by the reaction of Tm2O3, TmF3 and SiO2 (molar ratio: 1:1:3), applying an excess of CsBr as a fluxing agent in gas-tightly sealed platinum crucibles for eight days at 750 °C, and designed to yield Tm3F3[Si3O9] or Cs2TmF[Si4O10]. Single crystals of Tm3F[Si3O10] (monoclinic, P21/n; a = 725.04(6), b = 1102.43(9), c = 1032.57(8) pm, β = 97.185(7)°; Z = 4) appear as pale celadon, transparent, air- and water-resistant rhombic plates. According to its thalenite-type structure, Tm3F[Si3O10] contains catena-trisilicate anions [Si3O10]8− and triangular [FTm3]8+ cations. The three crystallographically different Tm3+ cations are coordinated by seven plus one (Tm1) or only seven anions (Tm2 and Tm3) exhibiting a single F− anion for each polyhedron, additional to the majority of O2− anions. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of the isotypic colorless compound Y3F[Si3O10] doped with Eu3+ (red emission), Tb3+ (green emission) and Er3+ (yellow and infrared emission), respectively, are reported in presenting their different excitation and emission spectra.

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40

McGee, O. G., J. W. Kim, and A. W. Leissa. "The influence of corner stress singularities on the vibration characteristics of rhombic plates with combinations of simply supported and free edges." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 41, no. 1 (January 1999): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7403(97)00120-3.

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41

Jaberzadeh, E., M. Azhari, and B. Boroomand. "Inelastic buckling of skew and rhombic thin thickness-tapered plates with and without intermediate supports using the element-free Galerkin method." Applied Mathematical Modelling 37, no. 10-11 (June 2013): 6838–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2013.01.055.

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42

Fetisova, М. А. "SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF STRUCTURAL MECHANICS IN DETERMINING THE MAXIMUM DEFLECTION OF RHOMBIC PLATES WITH COMBINED BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING." Bulletin of Agrarian Science 4, no. 73 (October 2018): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15217/issn2587-666x.2018.4.93.

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43

Ma, Yong, Chongyin Zhang, Chunping Hou, Hao Zhang, Hepeng Zhang, Qiuyu Zhang, and Zhanhu Guo. "Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) micellar templates directed synthesis of water-dispersible polyaniline rhombic plates with excellent processability and flow-induced color variation." Polymer 117 (May 2017): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.04.010.

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44

Seibi, Abdennour C., and Sam Y. Zamrik. "Prediction of Crack Initiation Direction for Surface Flaws Under Biaxial Loading." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 125, no. 1 (January 31, 2003): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1521712.

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This paper presents a simple method based on the strain energy density factor ΔS to study the fatigue characteristics of rhombic plates with induced angled flaws under biaxial stress field. The paper discusses in detail the procedures followed to predict the fracture crack initiation angle, θo, as a function of induced crack angle, β, the path of the crack trajectory at the initial stage of fracture and develop an expression for the crack growth rate. This method assumes that the crack extends in a radial direction and that the initial fracture crack angle, θo, is obtained by maximizing the hoop stress along a circumference of a radius r. Expressions for the stress-state near the crack tip were developed for computing the crack trajectory and the strain energy density factor. The crack trajectory path was estimated by computing the new values of the crack angle and a fictitious crack length. These computed values were in turn used to determine the strain energy density factor. The developed method revealed two important observations: i) The crack trajectory was in close agreement with the experimental data for the first 20% of the lifetime to failure, ii) the crack propagation rate is dependent on the crack angle using the stress intensity factor and exhibited no variation with respect to the crack angle when the strain energy density factor is used.

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45

Vybornov, A. V., S. A. Kogai, A. S. Kravtsova, and A. A. Timoshchenko. "Archeological Materials of the Tashtyk Culture at the Kazanovka-14 Site in the Askizsk District of the Khakassia Republic." Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories 27 (2021): 913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0913-0920.

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General information on archaeological excavations at the Kazanovka-14 site in 2021 is presented. The site is located on the right bank of the Askiz river on a small elevation above the floodplain at the foothills of the Abakansky mountain range. In 2020, mounds of the Late Bronze Age and Tagar culture of the Kazanovka-12 burial ground in the immediate vicinity of the camp were investigated. The site consists of a cultural layer deposited on a dealluvialplume at a relatively shallow depth from the present day surface. The cultural layer includes both scattered artifacts and bone material as well as the remains of a burnt construction with a series of pottery vessels. The archaeological material is unevenly deposited, with isolated concentration spots of animal bones, including processed bones. The archeological assemblage includes various ceramics (vessels of the different sizes, (mainly of the opened form, with a recessed and rounded rim, ornamentation of the top part in the form of dangling triangles, semicircular and triangular indentations), weaponry (arrowheads made of bone, as a rule, elongated-rhombic, and metal, tiered; fragment of an armor plate), fragments of clothing (belt cover plates). Among the finds, sandstone tiles with carved images stand out. On the basis of the finds complex, the site dates to the later stages of the Tashtyk epoch (middle of the 1st millenium A.D.). The surviving outskirts of the settlement, with preserved evidence of active bone carving and possibly ceramic production were excavated and examined. Given the small number of investigated settlement sites in the Khakass-Minusinsk Basin, Kazanovka-14 represents unique opportunities to characterize the economic life of the Tashtyk population and correlate the household and funerary object complexes known from the crypts.

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Mennega, Alberta M. W. "Wood Anatomy of the Hippocrateoideae (Celastraceae)." IAWA Journal 18, no. 4 (1997): 331–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001501.

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In this paper the wood anatomy of the subfarnily Hippocrateoideae of the Celastraceae is treated. Halle's division (1986, 1990) of the subfarnily into four tribes, chiefly based on material of tropical Africa: viz. Salacieae, Campylostemoneae, Helictonemeae and Hippocrateae is followed. In a recent issue of the Flora of the Guianas the Hippocrateaceae - there treated as aseparate farnily - were divided into Hippocrateoideae and Salacioideae. This bipartition was reflected in the wood structure of the genera studied (Mennega 1994). Here the wood structure of all genera worldwide (24), except the Asian genus Arnicratea, is described. It appeared that again a subdivision into two distinct anatomical groups could be made, with the three last tribes mentioned above showing the same characteristic structure as found before in New World Hippocrateae/Hippocrateoideae. The most important features of this group are the presence of very wide and very high rays, in a number of genera with unlignified ray cells at the growth ring border, the absence of included phloem tissue, and in many species an intruding bark resulting in an indented wood pattern in stern cross sections or even an intricate pattern of deep furrows. The Salacieae/Salacioideae on the other hand are characterized by narrow, not exceptionally high rays, absence of unlignified ray cells, the occurrence of septate fibres in a parenchyma-like distribution, and often by the presence of included phloem tissue, either as isolated strands or more often as conspicuous concentric bands, or as irregular bands with radial connections. Features present in all genera are: vessels with simple perforation plates, preponderance of solitary vessels, wide and narrow vessels distributed at random, alternate pitting; fibretracheids, and libriform nonseptate and septate fibres present; axial parenchyma scanty paratracheal or as rare isolated strands; rays heterogeneous, the cell types irregularly distributed, rhombic crystals numerous, often in characteristic radial distribution. Campylostemon, considered in the past by some taxonornists as belonging in Celastraceae or as intermediate between Hippocrateaceae and Celastraceae, closely resembles Hippocrateae in its wood anatomy. And it is especially this group that by its characteristic features -like the wide rays - is more different from Celastraceae in general than Salacieae, which have several features in common with genera of Celastraceae.

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47

Yang, Xiaodong, Shupeng Zhang, Lei Zhang, Bo Zhang, and Tianrui Ren. "Dynamic growth of rhombic dodecahedral Cu2O crystals controlled by reaction temperature and their size-dependent photocatalytic performance." RSC Advances 9, no. 63 (2019): 36831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07255a.

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Compared with low-index {100} or {111} planes of Cu₂O crystals, rhombic dodecahedra (RD) Cu₂O crystals exposing 12 {110} facets exhibit the most superior photodegradation of organic pollutants.

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48

Kulish, M. R. "Comparison of properties inherent to wave plates and Fresnel rhomb." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo16.01.064.

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49

Doh, Hyunmi, Wonseok Lee, Yunmo Sung, and Sungjee Kim. "Longitudinal shape evolution of Ag2S nanoparticles from nanospheres, rhombic dodecahedrons, nanorods, to nanocubes." Chemical Communications 56, no. 67 (2020): 9655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc02465a.

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Longitudinal shape evolution of Ag₂S nanoparticles is reported. Ag₂S nanospheres turn into rhombic dodecahedrons, and sequentially converted into nanodumbbells, nanorods, and nanocubes by oriented attachements along the 〈−104〉 and 〈−110〉 planes.

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50

Biswas, Ranita, Gaëlle Largeteau-Skapin, Rita Zrour, and Eric Andres. "Digital Objects in Rhombic Dodecahedron Grid." Mathematical Morphology - Theory and Applications 4, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mathm-2020-0106.

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AbstractRhombic dodecahedron is a space filling polyhedron which represents the close packing of spheres in 3D space and the Voronoi structures of the face centered cubic (FCC) lattice. In this paper, we describe a new coordinate system where every 3-integer coordinates grid point corresponds to a rhombic dodecahedron centroid. In order to illustrate the interest of the new coordinate system, we propose the characterization of 3D digital plane with its topological features, such as the interrelation between the thickness of the digital plane and the separability constraint we aim to obtain. We also present the characterization of 3D digital lines and study it as the intersection of multiple digital planes. Characterization of 3D digital sphere with relevant topological features is proposed as well along with the 48-symmetry appearing in the new coordinate system.

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