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Journal articles on the topic 'Rhodococcus rhodochrous'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Jones, Amanda L., June M. Brown, Vachaspati Mishra, John D. Perry, Arnold G. Steigerwalt, and Michael Goodfellow. "Rhodococcus gordoniae sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from clinical material and phenol-contaminated soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02756-0.

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The taxonomic relationships of two actinomycetes provisionally assigned to the genus Rhodococcus were determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The generic assignment was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene similarity data, as the organisms, strains MTCC 1534 and W 4937T, were shown to belong to the Rhodococcus rhodochrous subclade. These organisms had phenotypic properties typical of rhodococci; they were aerobic, Gram-positive, weakly acid-fast actinomycetes that showed an elementary branching-rod–coccus growth cycle and contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose in whole-organism hydrolysates, N-glycolated muramic acid residues, dehydrogenated menaquinones with eight isoprene units as the predominant isoprenologue and mycolic acids that co-migrated with those extracted from the type strain of R. rhodochrous. The strains had identical phenotypic profiles and belong to the same genomic species, albeit one distinguished from Rhodococcus pyridinivorans, with which they formed a distinct phyletic line. They were also distinguished from representatives of all of the species classified in the R. rhodochrous 16S rRNA gene tree using a set of phenotypic features. The genotypic and phenotypic data show that the strains merit recognition as a novel species of Rhodococcus. The name proposed is Rhodococcus gordoniae sp. nov., with the type strain W 4937T (=DSM 44689T=NCTC 13296T).

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2

RASTIMESINA, Inna, Olga POSTOLACHI, and Valentina JOSAN. "Dissociation of Rhodococcus rhodochrous Population after the Whole Cells Immobilization." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 78, no. 1 (May 14, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:2020.0043.

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Six agricultural organic wastes and three inorganic matrices were selected for rhodococci whole cells immobilization. The degree of immobilization of rhodococci cells varied from 6.20% to 34.30% on organic matrices. A high level of Rhodococcus rhodochrous CNMN-Ac-05 cells immobilization was demonstrated on inorganic matrices, it was from 69.25% to 97.30%. After the contact with support the strain dissociated, forming, in addition to original S type, rough (R) and altercolour smooth (S) types. Immobilization of rhodococci cells on organic supports led to the appearance of phenotypic heterogeneity from 0.34% to 3.26%. On inorganic matrices the variability of rhodococci was 0.88-1.05%.

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3

Nagasawa, Toru, Marco Wieser, Tetsuji Nakamura, Hitomi Iwahara, Toyokazu Yoshida, and Kunihiko Gekko. "Nitrilase of Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1." European Journal of Biochemistry 267, no. 1 (January 2000): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.00983.x.

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4

Shim, Sang Hee. "Diketopiperazines from Cultures of Rhodococcus rhodochrous." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 52, no. 6 (October 25, 2016): 1157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-016-1894-y.

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5

Deng, Y., I. Beadham, M. Ghavre, M. F. Costa Gomes, N. Gathergood, P. Husson, B. Légeret, B. Quilty, M. Sancelme, and P. Besse-Hoggan. "When can ionic liquids be considered readily biodegradable? Biodegradation pathways of pyridinium, pyrrolidinium and ammonium-based ionic liquids." Green Chemistry 17, no. 3 (2015): 1479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01904k.

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6

Krum, Jonathan G., and Scott A. Ensign. "Heterologous Expression of Bacterial Epoxyalkane:Coenzyme M Transferase and Inducible Coenzyme M Biosynthesis in Xanthobacter Strain Py2 andRhodococcus rhodochrous B276." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 9 (May 1, 2000): 2629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.9.2629-2634.2000.

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ABSTRACT Coenzyme M (CoM) (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) biosynthesis is shown to be coordinately regulated with the expression of the enzymes of alkene and epoxide metabolism in the propylene-oxidizing bacteriaXanthobacter strain Py2 and Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain B276. These results provide the first evidence for the involvement of CoM in propylene metabolism by R. rhodochrous and demonstrate for the first time the inducible nature of eubacterial CoM biosynthesis.

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7

Clark, Daniel D., and Scott A. Ensign. "Evidence for an Inducible Nucleotide-Dependent Acetone Carboxylase in Rhodococcus rhodochrousB276." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 9 (May 1, 1999): 2752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.9.2752-2758.1999.

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ABSTRACT The metabolism of acetone was investigated in the actinomyceteRhodococcus rhodochrous (formerly Nocardia corallina) B276. Suspensions of acetone- and isopropanol-grownR. rhodochrous readily metabolized acetone. In contrast,R. rhodochrous cells cultured with glucose as the carbon source lacked the ability to metabolize acetone at the onset of the assay but gained the ability to do so in a time-dependent fashion. Chloramphenicol and rifampin prevented the time-dependent increase in this activity. Acetone metabolism by R. rhodochrous was CO2 dependent, and 14CO2 fixation occurred concomitant with this process. A nucleotide-dependent acetone carboxylase was partially purified from cell extracts of acetone-grownR. rhodochrous by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested that the acetone carboxylase was composed of three subunits with apparent molecular masses of 85, 74, and 16 kDa. Acetone metabolism by the partially purified enzyme was dependent on the presence of a divalent metal and a nucleoside triphosphate. GTP and ITP supported the highest rates of acetone carboxylation, while CTP, UTP, and XTP supported carboxylation at 10 to 50% of these rates. ATP did not support acetone carboxylation. Acetoacetate was determined to be the stoichiometric product of acetone carboxylation. The longer-chain ketones butanone, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, and 2-hexanone were substrates. This work has identified an acetone carboxylase with a novel nucleotide usage and broader substrate specificity compared to other such enzymes studied to date. These results strengthen the proposal that carboxylation is a common strategy used for acetone catabolism in aerobic acetone-oxidizing bacteria.

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8

Postolachi, O., I. Rastimesina, V. Josan, and T. Gutul. "Viability and Colony Morphology Variation of Rhodococcus rhodochrous CNMN-Ac-05 in the Presence of Magnetite Nanoparticles." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 83, no. 4 (August 17, 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.04.035.

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In recent decades the use of nanotechnologies in the remediation of xenobiotic substances has proven its effectiveness, but not its safety. Nanoparticles often accumulate in the remedied environment, having, over time, toxic effects on living organisms. In this context, research on the vital activity of microorganisms and their interaction with nanoparticles is of major importance. Aim of the research was to determine the influence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, obtained by different ways (laboratory method and synthesis in the reactor) on the viability and colony morphology of Rhodococcus rhodochrous CNMN-Ac-05 strain. Methods. Encapsulated magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method, using iron(II) sulfate and iron(III) chloride in the presence of poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, used as a stabilizer. Fe3O4 SR (Synthesis in the Reactor) was produced in the multifunctional reactor VGR-50, at the same conditions. Cell biomass was determined on the spectrophotometer by the optical density at 540 nm,with subsequent recalculation to cell dry weight according to the calibration curve. The cell dry weight was determined by gravimetric method. The morphological features of the rhodococci colonies were described according to the standard microbiological method. Results. It was established that magnetite nanoparticles in concentrations of 1–100 mg/L were not toxic to the R. rhodochrous strain, had a positive effect on the viability of rhodococci by stimulating the growth of biomass, regardless of their concentration and the method of their synthesis. In the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles the population dissociated to S1, S2, R1, R2 forms, and S-R type of colonies, while the basic morphological features of R. rhodochrous colonies corresponded to type S1. Conclusions. The optimal concentration of magnetite nanoparticles, which stimulated the growth and development of R. rhodochrous was 25 mg/L for Fe3O4 and 50 mg/L Fe3O4 SR. At all concentration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles the main colony morphotype of the rhodococci was smooth S1-type; the new types of colonies represented only 0.1–0.6% of the population, and the lowest degree of variability corresponded with the highest colony-forming units index.

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9

Hoyle, Alison J., Alan W. Bunch, and Christopher J. Knowles. "The nitrilases of Rhodococcus rhodochrous NCIMB 11216." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 23, no. 7-8 (November 1998): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0229(98)00076-3.

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10

Haroune, Nicolas, Bruno Combourieu, Pascale Besse, Martine Sancelme, Achim Kloepfer, Thorsten Reemtsma, Heleen De Wever, and Anne-Marie Delort. "Metabolism of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole by Rhodococcus rhodochrous." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 10 (October 2004): 6315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.10.6315-6319.2004.

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ABSTRACT 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, which is mainly used in the rubber industry as a vulcanization accelerator, is very toxic and is considered to be recalcitrant. We show here for the first time that it can be biotransformed and partially mineralized by a pure-culture bacterial strain of Rhodococcus rhodochrous. Three metabolites, among four detected, were identified.

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11

RAINEY, F. A., J. BURGHARDT, R. KROPPENSTEDT, S. KLATTE, and E. STACKEBRANDT. "Polyphasic Evidence for the Transfer of Rhodococcus roseus to Rhodococcus rhodochrous." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-45-1-101.

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12

Bunescu, Andrei, Pascale Besse-Hoggan, Martine Sancelme, Gilles Mailhot, and Anne-Marie Delort. "Fate of the Nitrilotriacetic Acid-Fe(III) Complex during Photodegradation and Biodegradation by Rhodococcus rhodochrous." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 20 (August 29, 2008): 6320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00537-08.

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ABSTRACT Aminopolycarboxylic acids are ubiquitous in natural waters and wastewaters. They have the ability to form very stable water-soluble complexes with many metallic di- or trivalent ions. The iron complex nitrilotriacetic acid-Fe(III) (FeNTA) has been previously shown to increase drastically the rate of photo- and biodegradation of 2-aminobenzothiazole, an organic pollutant, by Rhodococcus rhodochrous. For this paper, the fate of FeNTA was investigated during these degradation processes. First, it was shown, using in situ 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, that the complex FeNTA was biodegraded by Rhodococcus rhodochrous cells, but the ligand (NTA) alone was not. This result indicates that FeNTA was transported and biotransformed inside the cell. The same products, including iminodiacetic acid, glycine, and formate, were obtained during the photo- and biodegradation processes of FeNTA, likely because they both involve oxidoreduction mechanisms. When the results of the different experiments are compared, the soluble iron, measured by spectrophotometry, was decreasing when microbial cells were present. About 20% of the initial iron was found inside the cells. These results allowed us to propose detailed mechanistic schemes for FeNTA degradation by solar light and by R. rhodochrous.

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13

Patolia, Setu, Eneh Kennedy, Zahir Mehjabin, Neerja Gulati, Swati Patlia, Dharani Narendra, Rakesh Vadde, et al. "Disseminated Rhodococcus rhodochrous infection in an immunocompromised patient." International Journal of Case Reports and Images 5, no. 2 (2014): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/ijcri-2014-02-456-cr-8.

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14

Woods, N. R., and J. C. Murrell. "The Metabolism of Propane in Rhodococcus rhodochrous PNKb1." Microbiology 135, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 2335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-135-8-2335.

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15

KOBAYASHI, Michihiko, Toru NAGASAWA, and Hideaki YAMADA. "Nitrilase of Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1. Purification and characterization." European Journal of Biochemistry 182, no. 2 (June 1989): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14837.x.

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16

Warhurst, A. M., K. F. Clarke, R. A. Hill, R. A. Holt, and C. A. Fewson. "Metabolism of styrene by Rhodococcus rhodochrous NCIMB 13259." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, no. 4 (1994): 1137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.60.4.1137-1145.1994.

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17

Germon, J. C., and R. Knowles. "Metabolism of acetylene and acetaldehyde by Rhodococcus rhodochrous." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-045.

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We studied the ability of a soil bacterium, identified as Rhodococcus rhodochrous, to grow on acetylene and to accumulate acetaldehyde. Its maximum growth rate on acetylene was obtained at about 30 °C (μ = 0.11 h−1) and was independent of the concentration of this gas in air from 0.14 to 16% (v/v). During growth, acetylene was quantitatively transformed to acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetate, CO2, and biomass in proportions which varied with culture age and temperature. Growth was completely inhibited by acetaldehyde at a concentration of 10 mM. The inhibitory effect was relieved by addition of acetate. Growth on ethanol up to 140 mM did not result in acetaldehyde accumulation. Acetylene consumption was constitutive with apparent Km and Vmax equal to 250 μM and 800 nmol∙min−1∙(mg protein)−1, respectively. In resting cell suspensions, acetylene consumption rates decreased more rapidly under air than under nitrogen. The inhibitory effect of acetaldehyde was enhanced in the presence of oxygen. Acetaldehyde accumulation in aerobic resting cell conditions did not exceed 10 mM (440 mg/L), but under anaerobic conditions it attained more than 70 mM (3.08 g/L).

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18

Shields-Menard, Sara A., Marta Amirsadeghi, Badamkhand Sukhbaatar, Emmanuel Revellame, Rafael Hernandez, Janet R. Donaldson, and W. Todd French. "Lipid accumulation by Rhodococcus rhodochrous grown on glucose." Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 42, no. 5 (February 6, 2015): 693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-014-1564-7.

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19

Riffiani, Rini, Nunik Sulistinah, and Bambang Sunarko. "Gene Encoding Nitrilase from Soil Sample of Lombok Gold Mine Industry using Metagenomics Approach." KnE Life Sciences 3, no. 4 (March 27, 2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i4.705.

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<p class="Els-body-text">This paper describes a efficient screening gene nitrilase from contaminated soil from Lombok gold mine industry. DNA was extracted directly from soil using the soil DNA isolation kit based on enzymatic, chemical and mechanical lysis. The existence of nitrilase gene in soil sample can be identified by nitrilase gene amplification using H1F˗H1R primer. BLASTN analysis result revealed that the nitrilase gene fragment which was amplified by H1F˗H1R primer has a high homology with <em>Rhodococcus rhodochrous </em>strain<em> tg1˗A6 nitrilase gene</em>. These amplification and DNA fragment sequencing results indicated that nitrilase gene existence on soil sample can be identified by metagenomic approach</p><p class="Els-Abstract-text"> </p><div><p class="Els-keywords"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Metagenomics; nitrilase gene; <em>Rhodococcus rhodochrous</em>; soil.</p></div>

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20

Iwabuchi, Noriyuki, Michio Sunairi, Hirosi Anzai, Mutsuyasu Nakajima, and Shigeaki Harayama. "Relationships between Colony Morphotypes and Oil Tolerance in Rhodococcus rhodochrous." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 5073–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.11.5073-5077.2000.

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ABSTRACT A mucoidal strain of Rhodococcus rhodochrous was resistant to 10% (vol/vol) n-hexadecane, while its rough derivatives were sensitive. When the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by the mucoidal strain was added to cultures of the rough strains, the rough strains gained resistance ton-hexadecane. Thus, EPS confer tolerance ton-hexadecane in members of the genusRhodococcus.

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21

Obidi, O. F. "Comparative Fatty Acid Profiling of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhodococcus rhodochrous Isolated from Spoilt Paints by Gas Chromatography." Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 37, no. 2 (March 12, 2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v37i2.5.

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The use of fatty acids to study the differences in un-related microbes is limited. This study analyzes the fatty acids produced by two unrelated microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram-negative, aerobic, non-endospore forming, usually encapsulated rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae) and Rhodococcus rhodochrous (metabolically versatile, non-spore-forming, non-motile actinomycete) isolated from spoilt paints. Fatty acids produced by the organisms were analyzed using an efficient MIDI-Sherlock gas chromatography method . K. pneumoniae was characterized by a high content of straight chain, branched chain, hydroxyl and cyclo-fatty acids made up of C12: 0, C13:0, C14:0 iso, C14:0, C15:0 iso, C15:0 anteiso, C15:1 ω 8c, C15:0, C16:0 iso, C16:1w5c, C16:0, C15:03OH, C17:1 ω 8c, C17:0 cyclo, C17:0, C18:1 ω5c and C18:0. R. rhodochrous was dominated by straight chain, monounsaturated and 10-methyl fatty acids. The inability to synthesize branched, cyclo- and hydroxyl- fatty acids, was observed in R. rhodochrous which composed mainly of C14: 0, C15: 1 ω 5c, C15:0, C16:1 ω 9c, C16:0, C17:1 ω 8c, C17:0, C17:0 10-methyl, C18: 1 ω 9c, C18.0, 10 methyl-C18:0 TBSA, C20:1 ω 9c, and C20:0. Descriptive statistics reveal a mean of 2.53, 15.10 and 15.15 for retention time (RT), equivalent chain length (ECL) and Peak name, respectively. Possible implications of the variations in fatty acid distribution may include differences in their abilities to produce various secondary metabolites and potentials to degrade a variety of xenobiotics. Keywords: Fatty acids, paints, Rhodococcus rhodochrous, Klebsiella pneumoniae

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22

Andeer, Peter F., David A. Stahl, Neil C. Bruce, and Stuart E. Strand. "Lateral Transfer of Genes for Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine (RDX) Degradation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 10 (March 6, 2009): 3258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02396-08.

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ABSTRACT Recent studies demonstrated that degradation of the military explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by species of Rhodococcus, Gordonia, and Williamsia is mediated by a novel cytochrome P450 with a fused flavodoxin reductase domain (XplA) in conjunction with a flavodoxin reductase (XplB). Pulse field gel analysis was used to localize xplA to extrachromosomal elements in a Rhodococcus sp. and distantly related Microbacterium sp. strain MA1. Comparison of Rhodococcus rhodochrous 11Y and Microbacterium plasmid sequences in the vicinity of xplB and xplA showed near identity (6,710 of 6,721 bp). Sequencing of the associated 52.2-kb region of the Microbacterium plasmid pMA1 revealed flanking insertion sequence elements and additional genes implicated in RDX uptake and degradation.

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23

POSTOLACHI, Olga, Inna RASTIMESINA, and Valentina JOSAN. "Viability and phenotypic heterogeneity of Rhodococcus Rhodochrous CNMN-AC-05 in the presence of fullerene C60." One Health & Risk Management 2, no. 3 (June 17, 2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.38045/ohrm.2021.3.01.

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Introduction. In recent years, due to wide applications of nanotechnologies in various fields, the safety of nanomaterials has become a pressing issue. Fullerene C60 is not an exception. Research on the activity of microorganisms and their interaction with nanoparticles is of major importance, both for microorganisms and for the ecosystem as a whole. Material and methods. Fullerene C60 powder was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The object of study was R. rhodochrous CNMN-Ac-05 strain. The number of viable bacterial cells was estimated by colony-forming units (CFU). The morphological features of the rhodococci colonies have been described according to the usual microbiological method. Results. It was established that fullerene C60 in concentrations of 1-25 mg/L fullerene C60 stimulated the growth of R. rhodochrous by 2.4-2.8 times. As the concentration of fullerene C60 increased up to 50-100 mg/L, the multiplication and growth of rhodococci decreased by 29.5% and 38% respectively. In the presence of 1-10 mg/L fullerene C60 the rhodococci population remained homogeneous, being composed of 100% S type colonies. The increase of fullerene C60 concentration led both to the decrease in the CFU number and to the appearance of R type colonies, up to 1.3% of population. Conclusions. Fullerene C60 in concentrations 1-100 mg/L had no obvious toxic effect on the rhodococci strain. The optimum concentration is 10 mg/L. The concentrations higher than 25 mg/L led to the dissociation of rhodococcal population and diminution in the CFU counts, but not to the total inhibition.

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24

Chen, Bi-Shuang, Linda G. Otten, Verena Resch, Gerard Muyzer, and Ulf Hanefeld. "Draft genome sequence of Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain ATCC 17895." Standards in Genomic Sciences 9, no. 1 (October 5, 2013): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4056/sigs.4418165.

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25

Leipold, Friedemann, Florian Rudroff, Marko D. Mihovilovic, and Uwe T. Bornscheuer. "The steroid monooxygenase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous; a versatile biocatalyst." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 24, no. 24 (December 2013): 1620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.11.003.

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26

ELTIS, Lindsay D., Ulrich KARLSON, and Kenneth N. TIMMIS. "Purification and characterization of cytochrome P450RR1 from Rhodococcus rhodochrous." European Journal of Biochemistry 213, no. 1 (April 1993): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17750.x.

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27

Toraya, Tetsuo, Takayuki Oka, Manabu Ando, Mamoru Yamanishi, and Hiroshi Nishihara. "Novel Pathway for Utilization of Cyclopropanecarboxylate by Rhodococcus rhodochrous." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 1 (January 2004): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.1.224-228.2004.

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ABSTRACT A new strain isolated from soil utilizes cyclopropanecarboxylate as the sole source of carbon and energy and was identified as Rhodococcus rhodochrous (H. Nishihara, Y. Ochi, H. Nakano, M. Ando, and T. Toraya, J. Ferment. Bioeng. 80:400-402, 1995). A novel pathway for the utilization of cyclopropanecarboxylate, a highly strained compound, by this bacterium was investigated. Cyclopropanecarboxylate-dependent reduction of NAD+ in cell extracts of cyclopropanecarboxylate-grown cells was observed. When intermediates accumulated in vitro in the absence of NAD+ were trapped as hydroxamic acids by reaction with hydroxylamine, cyclopropanecarboxohydroxamic acid and 3-hydroxybutyrohydroxamic acid were formed. Cyclopropanecarboxyl-coenzyme A (CoA), 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, and crotonyl-CoA were oxidized with NAD+ in cell extracts, whereas methacrylyl-CoA and 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA were not. When both CoA and ATP were added, organic acids corresponding to the former three CoA thioesters were also oxidized in vitro by NAD+, while methacrylate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, and 2-hydroxybutyrate were not. Therefore, it was concluded that cyclopropanecarboxylate undergoes oxidative degradation through cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA and 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. The enzymes catalyzing formation and ring opening of cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA were shown to be inducible, while other enzymes involved in the degradation were constitutive.

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Curragh, H., O. Flynn, M. J. Larkin, T. M. Stafford, J. T. G. Hamilton, and D. B. Harper. "Haloalkane degradation and assimilation by Rhodococcus rhodochrous NCIMB 13064." Microbiology 140, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 1433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-140-6-1433.

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29

Chhiba-Govindjee, V. P., K. Mathiba, C. W. van der Westhuyzen, P. Steenkamp, J. K. Rashamuse, S. Stoychev, M. L. Bode, and D. Brady. "Dimethylformamide is a novel nitrilase inducer in Rhodococcus rhodochrous." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 102, no. 23 (September 22, 2018): 10055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9367-9.

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30

Cha, C. J. "Biological production of optically active muconolactones by Rhodococcus rhodochrous." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 56, no. 3-4 (August 1, 2001): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530100668.

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31

Gopaul, D., Carol Ellis, Anton Maki, and Mariamma G. Joseph. "Isolation of Rhodococcus rhodochrous from a chronic corneal ulcer." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 10, no. 3 (July 1988): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0732-8893(88)90039-9.

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32

Cincilei, Angela G., Svetlana A. Tolocichina, Inna O. Rastimesina, Ion P. Dragalin, Veronica Dumbraveanu, Nina V. Streapan, and Vera C. Mamaliga. "Preparation of Microbiological Agents for Organic Pollutants Removal in Wastewater." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 4, no. 2 (December 2009): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2009.04(2).13.

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The authors have investigated the biochemical aspects of degradation processes of persistent organic compound benzothiazole by immobilized Rhodococcus rhodochrous cells, such as entrapped in Ca-alginate beads, or as being immobilized on some solid carries. The mineralization of toxicant was complete and biodestructive capacity of entrapped in alginate bacteria increased with each new experimental cycle.

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33

Arriaga, José Miguel, Noah D. Cohen, James N. Derr, M. Keith Chaffin, and Ronald J. Martens. "Detection of Rhodococcus Equi by Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Species-Specific Nonproprietary Primers." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 14, no. 4 (July 2002): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870201400416.

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Species-specific primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Rhodococcus equi were developed. These primers were based on unique DNA fragments produced from R. equi reference strains and field isolates. Following random amplification of polymorphic DNA from R. equi and R. rhodochrous with a set of 40 arbitrary 10–base pair (bp) primers, a pair of species-specific primers was designed to detect a unique 700-bp fragment of R. equi chromosomal DNA. This PCR product was limited to R. equi and was not detectable in other Rhodococcus species or in a panel of additional gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

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34

Zhao, Guo-Zhen, Jie Li, Wen-Yong Zhu, Shou-Zheng Tian, Li-Xing Zhao, Ling-Ling Yang, Li-Hua Xu, and Wen-Jun Li. "Rhodococcus artemisiae sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from the pharmaceutical plant Artemisia annua L." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_4 (April 1, 2012): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.031930-0.

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A Gram-positive, non-motile actinobacterium, designated YIM 65754T, was isolated from the stem of Artemisia annua L., collected from Yunnan province, south-west China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 65754T comprised an evolutionary lineage within the genus Rhodococcus . The isolate clustered with Rhodococcus pyridinivorans PDB9T, Rhodococcus gordoniae W 4937T and Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43241T, with which it shared 98.4, 97.9 and 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. However, DNA–DNA relatedness demonstrated that strain YIM 65754T was distinct from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucose (cell-wall chemotype IV). The major menaquinone was MK-8(H2) and the predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0 (27.83 %), iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c (20.21 %) and 10-methyl C18 : 0 (17.50 %). The DNA G+C content was 66.2 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus , for which the name Rhodococcus artemisiae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is YIM 65754T ( = CCTCC AA 209042T = DSM 45380T).

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35

Mizunashi, W., M. Nishiyama, S. Horinouchi, and T. Beppu. "Overexpression of high-molecular-mass nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 in recombinant Rhodococcus cells." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 49, no. 5 (May 25, 1998): 568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051214.

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36

Sunairi, Michio, Haruyoshi Murooka, and Mutsuyasu Nakajima. "Effect of Penicillin on Bacteriophage NJL Adsorption to Rhodococcus rhodochrous." Actinomycetologica 7, no. 1 (1993): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3209/saj.7_23.

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37

Schilling, B. M., L. M. Alvarez, D. I. C. Wang, and C. L. Cooney. "Continuous Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene with Rhodococcus rhodochrous IGTS8 (ATCC 53968)." Biotechnology Progress 18, no. 6 (December 6, 2002): 1207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp0200144.

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Raj, Jog, Shreenath Prasad, and Tek Chand Bhalla. "Rhodococcus rhodochrous PA-34: A potential biocatalyst for acrylamide synthesis." Process Biochemistry 41, no. 6 (June 2006): 1359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2006.01.022.

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39

Vaitekūnas, Justas, Renata Gasparavičiūtė, Rasa Rutkienė, Daiva Tauraitė, and Rolandas Meškys. "A 2-Hydroxypyridine Catabolism Pathway in Rhodococcus rhodochrous Strain PY11." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 4 (December 11, 2015): 1264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02975-15.

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ABSTRACTRhodococcus rhodochrousPY11 (DSM 101666) is able to use 2-hydroxypyridine as a sole source of carbon and energy. By investigating a gene cluster (hpo) from this bacterium, we were able to reconstruct the catabolic pathway of 2-hydroxypyridine degradation. Here, we report that inRhodococcus rhodochrousPY11, the initial hydroxylation of 2-hydroxypyridine is catalyzed by a four-component dioxygenase (HpoBCDF). A product of the dioxygenase reaction (3,6-dihydroxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-2-one) is further oxidized by HpoE to 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine, which spontaneously forms a blue pigment. In addition, we show that the subsequent 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine ring opening is catalyzed by the hypothetical cyclase HpoH. The final products of 2-hydroxypyridine degradation inRhodococcus rhodochrousPY11 are ammonium ion and α-ketoglutarate.

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40

Tarasova, Ekaterina V., Victoria V. Grishko, and Irina B. Ivshina. "Cell adaptations of Rhodococcus rhodochrous IEGM 66 to betulin biotransformation." Process Biochemistry 52 (January 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2016.10.003.

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41

Sunairi, M., T. Watanabe, H. Oda, H. Murooka, and M. Nakajima. "Characterization of the genome of the Rhodococcus rhodochrous bacteriophage NJL." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59, no. 1 (1993): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.1.97-100.1993.

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42

Kulakova, A. N., T. M. Stafford, M. J. Larkin, and L. A. Kulakov. "Plasmid pRTL1 Controlling 1-Chloroalkane Degradation by Rhodococcus rhodochrous NCIMB13064." Plasmid 33, no. 3 (May 1995): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/plas.1995.1022.

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43

Smith, Thomas J., John S. Lloyd, Stephen C. Gallagher, William L. J. Fosdike, J. Colin Murrell, and Howard Dalton. "Heterologous expression of alkene monooxygenase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous B-276." European Journal of Biochemistry 260, no. 2 (December 25, 2001): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00179.x.

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44

El’kin, A. A., V. V. Grishko, and I. B. Ivshina. "Oxidative biotransformation of thioanisole by Rhodococcus rhodochrous IEGM 66 cells." Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 46, no. 6 (November 2010): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0003683810060050.

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45

Fujii, C., S. Morii, M. Kadode, S. Sawamoto, M. Iwami, and E. Itagaki. "Essential Tyrosine Residues in 3-Ketosteroid- '-Dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous." Journal of Biochemistry 126, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022500.

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46

Kuntz, Robin L., Lewis R. Brown, Mark E. Zappi, and W. Todd French. "Isopropanol and acetone induces vinyl chloride degradation in Rhodococcus rhodochrous." Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 30, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-003-0091-8.

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47

Ioneda, Thuioshi. "Isolation and characterization of mannose-6-monomycolate from Rhodococcus rhodochrous." Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 62, no. 3 (October 1992): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(92)90068-z.

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48

Kishikawa, Jun-ichi, Yoshiki Kabashima, Tatsuki Kurokawa, and Junshi Sakamoto. "The cytochrome bcc-aa3-type respiratory chain of Rhodococcus rhodochrous." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 110, no. 1 (July 2010): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.12.006.

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49

Bunescu, Andrei, Pascale Besse-Hoggan, Martine Sancelme, Gilles Mailhot, and Anne-Marie Delort. "Comparison of Microbial and Photochemical Processes and Their Combination for Degradation of 2-Aminobenzothiazole." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 10 (February 29, 2008): 2976–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01696-07.

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ABSTRACT The transformation of 2-aminobenzothiazole (ABT) was studied under various conditions: (i) a photodegradation process at a λ of >300 nm in the presence of an Fe(III)-nitrilotriacetic acid complex (FeNTA), (ii) a biodegradation process using Rhodococcus rhodochrous OBT18 cells, and (iii) the combined processes (FeNTA plus Rhodococcus rhodochrous in the presence or absence of light). The transformation of ABT in the combined system, with or without light, was much more efficient (99% degradation after 25 h) than in the separated systems (37% photodegradation and 26% biodegradation after 125 h). No direct photolysis of ABT was observed. The main result seen is the strong positive impact of FeNTA on the photodegradation, as expected, and on the biotransformation efficiency of ABT, which was more surprising. This positive impact of FeNTA on the microbial metabolism was dependent on the FeNTA concentration. The use of UV high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and in situ 1H nuclear magnetic resonance provided evidence of the intermediary products and thus established transformation pathways of ABT in the different processes. These pathways were identical whether the degradation process was photo- or biotransformation. A new photoproduct was identified (4OH-ABT), corresponding to a hydroxylation reaction on position 4 of the aromatic ring of ABT.

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Cha, Chang-Jun, Ronald B. Cain, and Neil C. Bruce. "The Modified β-Ketoadipate Pathway in Rhodococcus rhodochrous N75: Enzymology of 3-Methylmuconolactone Metabolism." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 24 (December 15, 1998): 6668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.24.6668-6673.1998.

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ABSTRACT Rhodococcus rhodochrous N75 is able to metabolize 4-methylcatechol via a modified β-ketoadipate pathway. This organism has been shown to activate 3-methylmuconolactone by the addition of coenzyme A (CoA) prior to hydrolysis of the butenolide ring. A lactone-CoA synthetase is induced by growth of R. rhodochrous N75 on p-toluate as a sole source of carbon. The enzyme has been purified 221-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic chromatography, gel filtration, and anion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme, termed 3-methylmuconolactone-CoA synthetase, has a pH optimum of 8.0, a native M r of 128,000, and a subunitM r of 62,000, suggesting that the enzyme is homodimeric. The enzyme is very specific for its 3-methylmuconolactone substrate and displays little or no activity with other monoene and diene lactone analogues. Equimolar amounts of these lactone analogues brought about less than 30% (most brought about less than 15%) inhibition of the CoA synthetase reaction with its natural substrate.

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