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Academic literature on the topic 'Rhodococcu'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rhodococcu"

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Alvarez, Héctor M., Martín A. Hernández, Mariana P. Lanfranconi, Roxana A. Silva, and María S. Villalba. "Rhodococcus as Biofactories for Microbial Oil Production." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 4871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164871.

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Bacteria belonging to the Rhodococcus genus are frequent components of microbial communities in diverse natural environments. Some rhodococcal species exhibit the outstanding ability to produce significant amounts of triacylglycerols (TAG) (>20% of cellular dry weight) in the presence of an excess of the carbon source and limitation of the nitrogen source. For this reason, they can be considered as oleaginous microorganisms. As occurs as well in eukaryotic single-cell oil (SCO) producers, these bacteria possess specific physiological properties and molecular mechanisms that differentiate them from other microorganisms unable to synthesize TAG. In this review, we summarized several of the well-characterized molecular mechanisms that enable oleaginous rhodococci to produce significant amounts of SCO. Furthermore, we highlighted the ability of these microorganisms to degrade a wide range of carbon sources coupled to lipogenesis. The qualitative and quantitative oil production by rhodococci from diverse industrial wastes has also been included. Finally, we summarized the genetic and metabolic approaches applied to oleaginous rhodococci to improve SCO production. This review provides a comprehensive and integrating vision on the potential of oleaginous rhodococci to be considered as microbial biofactories for microbial oil production.
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Garrido-Sanz, Daniel, Miguel Redondo-Nieto, Marta Martín, and Rafael Rivilla. "Comparative Genomics of the Rhodococcus Genus Shows Wide Distribution of Biodegradation Traits." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050774.

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The genus Rhodococcus exhibits great potential for bioremediation applications due to its huge metabolic diversity, including biotransformation of aromatic and aliphatic compounds. Comparative genomic studies of this genus are limited to a small number of genomes, while the high number of sequenced strains to date could provide more information about the Rhodococcus diversity. Phylogenomic analysis of 327 Rhodococcus genomes and clustering of intergenomic distances identified 42 phylogenomic groups and 83 species-level clusters. Rarefaction models show that these numbers are likely to increase as new Rhodococcus strains are sequenced. The Rhodococcus genus possesses a small “hard” core genome consisting of 381 orthologous groups (OGs), while a “soft” core genome of 1253 OGs is reached with 99.16% of the genomes. Models of sequentially randomly added genomes show that a small number of genomes are enough to explain most of the shared diversity of the Rhodococcus strains, while the “open” pangenome and strain-specific genome evidence that the diversity of the genus will increase, as new genomes still add more OGs to the whole genomic set. Most rhodococci possess genes involved in the degradation of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, while short-chain alkane degradation is restricted to a certain number of groups, among which a specific particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is only found in Rhodococcus sp. WAY2. The analysis of Rieske 2Fe-2S dioxygenases among rhodococci genomes revealed that most of these enzymes remain uncharacterized.
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RASTIMESINA, Inna, Olga POSTOLACHI, and Valentina JOSAN. "Dissociation of Rhodococcus rhodochrous Population after the Whole Cells Immobilization." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 78, no. 1 (May 14, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:2020.0043.

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Six agricultural organic wastes and three inorganic matrices were selected for rhodococci whole cells immobilization. The degree of immobilization of rhodococci cells varied from 6.20% to 34.30% on organic matrices. A high level of Rhodococcus rhodochrous CNMN-Ac-05 cells immobilization was demonstrated on inorganic matrices, it was from 69.25% to 97.30%. After the contact with support the strain dissociated, forming, in addition to original S type, rough (R) and altercolour smooth (S) types. Immobilization of rhodococci cells on organic supports led to the appearance of phenotypic heterogeneity from 0.34% to 3.26%. On inorganic matrices the variability of rhodococci was 0.88-1.05%.
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Chane, Andrea, Yvann Bourigault, Mathilde Bouteiller, Yoan Konto-Ghiorghi, Annabelle Merieau, Corinne Barbey, and Xavier Latour. "Close-up on a bacterial informational war in the geocaulosphere." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 66, no. 7 (July 2020): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2019-0546.

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The geocaulosphere is home to microbes that establish communication between themselves and others that disrupt them. These cell-to-cell communication systems are based on the synthesis and perception of signaling molecules, of which the best known belong to the N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) family. Among indigenous bacteria, certain Gram-positive actinobacteria can sense AHLs produced by soft-rot Gram-negative phytopathogens and can degrade the quorum-sensing AHL signals to impair the expression of virulence factors. We mimicked this interaction by introducing dual-color reporter strains suitable for monitoring both the location of the cells and their quorum-sensing and -quenching activities, in potato tubers. The exchange of AHL signals within the pathogen’s cell quorum was clearly detected by the presence of bright green fluorescence instead of blue in a portion of Pectobacterium-tagged cells. This phenomenon in Rhodococcus cells was accompanied by a change from red fluorescence to orange, showing that the disappearance of signaling molecules is due to rhodococcal AHL degradation rather than the inhibition of AHL production. Rhodococci are victorious in this fight for the control of AHL-based communication, as their jamming activity is powerful enough to prevent the onset of disease symptoms.
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Ivshina, Irina, Grigory Bazhutin, Semyon Tyan, Maxim Polygalov, Maria Subbotina, and Elena Tyumina. "Cellular Modifications of Rhodococci Exposed to Separate and Combined Effects of Pharmaceutical Pollutants." Microorganisms 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061101.

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Actinomycetes of the genus Rhodococcus (class Actinomycetia) are dominant dwellers of biotopes with anthropogenic load. They serve as a natural system of primary response to xenobiotics in open ecosystems, initiate defensive responses in the presence of pollutants, and are regarded as ideal agents capable of transforming and degrading pharmaceuticals. Here, the ability of selected Rhodococcus strains to co-metabolize nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, meloxicam, and naproxen) and information on the protective mechanisms of rhodococci against toxic effects of pharmaceuticals, individually or in a mixture, have been demonstrated. For the first time, R. ruber IEGM 439 provided complete decomposition of 100 mg/L meloxicam after seven days. It was shown that versatile cellular modifications occurring at the early development stages of nonspecific reactions of Rhodococcus spp. in response to separate and combined effects of the tested pharmaceuticals included changes in electrokinetic characteristics and catalase activity; transition from unicellular to multicellular life forms accompanied by pronounced morphological abnormalities; changes in the average size of vegetative cells and surface area-to-volume ratio; and the formation of linked cell assemblages. The obtained data are considered as adaptation mechanisms in rhodococci, and consequently their increased resistance to separate and combined effects of ibuprofen, meloxicam, and naproxen.
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Whyte, L. G., T. H. M. Smits, D. Labbé, B. Witholt, C. W. Greer, and J. B. van Beilen. "Gene Cloning and Characterization of Multiple Alkane Hydroxylase Systems in Rhodococcus Strains Q15 and NRRL B-16531." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 12 (December 2002): 5933–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.12.5933-5942.2002.

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ABSTRACT The alkane hydroxylase systems of two Rhodococcus strains (NRRL B-16531 and Q15, isolated from different geographical locations) were characterized. Both organisms contained at least four alkane monooxygenase gene homologs (alkB1, alkB2, alkB3, and alkB4). In both strains, the alkB1 and alkB2 homologs were part of alk gene clusters, each encoding two rubredoxins (rubA1 and rubA2; rubA3 and rubA4), a putative TetR transcriptional regulatory protein (alkU1; alkU2), and, in the alkB1 cluster, a rubredoxin reductase (rubB). The alkB3 and alkB4 homologs were found as separate genes which were not part of alk gene clusters. Functional heterologous expression of some of the rhodococcal alk genes (alkB2, rubA2, and rubA4 [NRRL B-16531]; alkB2 and rubB [Q15]) was achieved in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas expression systems. Pseudomonas recombinants containing rhodococcal alkB2 were able to mineralize and grow on C12 to C16 n-alkanes. All rhodococcal alkane monooxygenases possessed the highly conserved eight-histidine motif, including two apparent alkane monooxygenase signature motifs (LQRH[S/A]DHH and NYXEHYG[L/M]), and the six hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions found in all alkane monooxygenases related to the Pseudomonas putida GPo1 alkane monooxygenase. The presence of multiple alkane hydroxylases in the two rhodococcal strains is reminiscent of other multiple-degradative-enzyme systems reported in Rhodococcus.
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Lilwani, Simran R., Sneha M. Dokhale, Parvathi JR, and Madhavi R. Vernekar. "Isolation and characterization of a rare polar carotenoid 1’-OH-4-keto-ϒ-carotene from an indigenously isolated Rhodococcus kroppenstedtii MH715196." Food Science and Applied Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (October 13, 2022): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.30721/fsab2022.v5.i2.200.

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The catabolic diversity and biocatalytic potential in members of genus Rhodococcus makes it an ideal industrial workhouse for metabolite production. Despite their applicability, Rhodococci are least explored for carotenoids, located in their cell membrane. The goal of the present study was to identify the carotenoids of Rhodococcus kroppenstedtii MH715196. UV-Vis spectral data and molecular mass estimates showed that the principal carotenoid extracted from R. kroppenstedtii MH715196 was 1’-OH-4-keto-ϒ-carotene. Biosynthetic route of 1’-OH-4-keto-ϒ-carotene in R. kroppenstedtii MH715196 was postulated on the basis of molecular mass estimates in co-relation with putative carotenoid biosynthetic genes identified in the genome of the reference strains of R. kroppenstedtii. Three key enzymes, were then considered for phylogenetic analysis to establish the phylogenetic relationship across the Rhodococcus genus leading the way for carotenoid identification in other Rhodococcus species. The present study would be the first report on identification of a rare polar carotenoid from R. kroppenstedtii MH715196 which could be potentially explored as a food colorant in hydrophilic food matrices like jams, jellies, beverages etc.
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Thi Mo, Luong, Puntus Irina, Suzina Natalia, Nechaeva Irina, Akhmetov Lenar, Filonov Andrey, Akatova Ekaterina, Alferov Sergey, and Ponamoreva Olga. "Hydrocarbons Biodegradation by Rhodococcus: Assimilation of Hexadecane in Different Aggregate States." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (August 8, 2022): 1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081594.

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The aim of our study was to reveal the peculiarities of the adaptation of rhodococci to hydrophobic hydrocarbon degradation at low temperatures when the substrate was in solid states. The ability of actinobacteria Rhodococcus erythropolis (strains X5 and S67) to degrade hexadecane at 10 °C (solid hydrophobic substrate) and 26 °C (liquid hydrophobic substrate) is described. Despite the solid state of the hydrophobic substrate at 10 °C, bacteria demonstrate a high level of its degradation (30–40%) within 18 days. For the first time, we show that specialized cellular structures are formed during the degradation of solid hexadecane by Rhodococcus at low temperatures: intracellular multimembrane structures and surface vesicles connected to the cell by fibers. The formation of specialized cellular structures when Rhodococcus bacteria are grown on solid hexadecane is an important adaptive trait, thereby contributing to the enlargement of a contact area between membrane-bound enzymes and a hydrophobic substrate.
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Stecker, Christiane, Andre Johann, Christina Herzberg, Beate Averhoff, and Gerhard Gottschalk. "Complete Nucleotide Sequence and Genetic Organization of the 210-Kilobase Linear Plasmid of Rhodococcus erythropolis BD2." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 17 (September 1, 2003): 5269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.17.5269-5274.2003.

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ABSTRACT The complete nucleotide sequence of the linear plasmid pBD2 from Rhodococcus erythropolis BD2 comprises 210,205 bp. Sequence analyses of pBD2 revealed 212 putative open reading frames (ORFs), 97 of which had an annotatable function. These ORFs could be assigned to six functional groups: plasmid replication and maintenance, transport and metalloresistance, catabolism, transposition, regulation, and protein modification. Many of the transposon-related sequences were found to flank the isopropylbenzene pathway genes. This finding together with the significant sequence similarities of the ipb genes to genes of the linear plasmid-encoded biphenyl pathway in other rhodococci suggests that the ipb genes were acquired via transposition events and subsequently distributed among the rhodococci via horizontal transfer.
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Егорова, Д. О., Т. И. Горбунова, Т. Д. Кирьянова, М. Г. Первова, and Е. Г. Плотникова. "Моделирование структуры α-субъединицы бифенил диоксигеназы штаммов рода Rhodococcu s и особенности деструкции хлорированных- и гидроксилированных бифенилов при различных температурах." Прикладная биохимия и микробиология 57, no. 6 (2021): 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0555109921060027.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rhodococcu"

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DI, CANITO ALESSANDRA. "Genomic and functional analysis of Rhodococcus strains to identify genes and degradative functions for soil quality evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241307.

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La qualità del suolo è una delle principali problematiche ambientali degli ultimi decenni a causa dell’aumento dell’inquinamento antropico. In condizioni di stress, i microrganismi del suolo subiscono alterazioni che attraverso tecnologie molecolari possono essere usate come parametro per il monitoraggio dei siti contaminati. I batteri appartenenti al genere Rhodococcus hanno un ruolo importante nella degradazione dei composti più recalcitranti. Sono versatili ed ampiamente distribuiti in natura; essi degradano diversi composti organici, tra cui idrocarburi alifatici ed aromatici, eterociclici, nitrili, sulfuri ed erbicidi. Inoltre, essi possono sopravvivere in presenza di composti tossici, carenza di carbonio, irradiazione UV e stress osmotico. Questa versatilità è correlata alla complessità dei loro genomi, i quali contengono molteplici geni catabolici, ridondanza genica e un sofisticato network regolatorio. L’obiettivo di questo progetto è ottenere nuovi tools molecolari da ceppi di Rhodococcus da usare come marcatori per valutare la qualità dei suoli, mediante analisi dei pathway metabolici e dei cluster genici coinvolti nella degradazione dei contaminanti ambientali. In questo lavoro, l’attenzione è stata rivolta verso i genomi dei ceppi: R. opacus R7, R. aetherivorans BCP1 e R. erythropolis MI2. Un’analisi fenotipica ha permesso di valutare il potenziale metabolico e la risposta allo stress dei ceppi R7 e BCP1; sono stati testati diversi contaminanti (idrocarburi alifatici e cicloalcani, aromatici, policiclici aromatici, acidi naftenici ed altri acidi carbossilici) e varie condizioni di stress (alta osmolarità, differenti valori di pH, composti tossici, antibiotici). Un approccio genomico ha permesso di correlare le abilità metaboliche a determinanti genici, coinvolti nei diversi metabolismi (naftalene, o-xilene, n-alcani, acidi naftenici, fenoli, ftalato) e nella persistenza ambientale. In particolare, sono stati esaminati i pathway degradativi dell’o-xilene e degli acidi naftenici di R. opacus R7. Analisi bioinformatiche e molecolari hanno permesso di valutare il coinvolgimento di diversi geni nei pathway degradativi. R7 è in grado di degradare l’o-xilene inducendo la trascrizione dei geni akb (sistema diossigenasico) formando il diidrodiolo. Tuttavia, la ridondanza di monossigenasi e idrossilasi (prmA and pheA1A2A3), ha suggerito l’attivazione di altri sistemi convergenti, strategia utilizzata dai rhodococci per degradare composti recalcitranti e persistere in ambienti contaminati. I pathway degradativi degli acidi naftenici (NAs) non sono ancora noti ma sono state proposte due possibili vie: i) aromatizzazione dell’anello del cicloesano ii) attivazione come CoA tioestere. I risultati delle RT e RT-qPCR hanno mostrato che R7 degrada l’acido cicloesanocarbossilico (CHCA), attraverso una cicloesano carbossilato-CoA ligasi (aliA). L’applicazione di questo lavoro è stata dimostrata in esperimenti di microcosmo simulando condizioni reali con sabbia bioaugmentata con R7. Le capacità dei batteri autoctoni e di R7 di degradare il CHCA sono state comparate e i risultati mostrano che R7 degrada il contaminante più velocemente rispetto alla comunità microbica e che il suo contributo aumenta la velocità di degradazione del CHCA, seguita monitorando l’espressione del gene aliA mediante esperimenti di RT e RT-qPCR. Un’applicazione biotecnologica di questo lavoro è stata valutata in R. erythropolis MI2, studiando il pathway di degradazione del 4,4’- acido disolfuro ditiobutirrico (DTDB), un promettente substrato per la sintesi dei politioesteri poiché il suo intermedio metabolico, acido 4-mercaptobutirrico ne è un precursore. L’obiettivo di questo studio è stato perseguito generando mutanti di delezione del ceppo MI2 per i geni coinvolti nelle reazioni finali del pathway di degradazione.
Soil quality has been one of the major issues of the last decades, because of the increase of anthropogenic pollution. Soil contains organisms involved in vital functions (nutrient/hydrological cycles and degradation of toxic compounds). Under stress conditions, soil microorganisms undergo several alterations so molecular technologies use microbial communities as an ecological parameter in monitoring polluted sites. Bacteria belonging to Rhodococcus genus have an important role in recalcitrant compound degradations. It is a metabolically versatile genus, widely distributed in nature. Rhodococcus spp. can degrade a wide range of organic compounds (aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic, nitriles, sulfuric, herbicides) and to survive in presence of toxic compounds, carbon starvation, UV irradiation and osmotic stress. In line with their catabolic diversity, they possess large and complex genomes, containing a multiplicity of catabolic genes, high genetic redundancy and a sophisticated regulatory network. The aim of this project is to obtain molecular tools to use as "marker" sequences for soil assessment, through analysis of metabolic pathways and catabolic gene clusters involved in the degradation of the most diffused environmental contaminants. In particular, this work focused the attention on three Rhodococcus strain genomes: R. opacus R7, R. aetherivorans BCP1 and R. erythropolis MI2. A Phenotype Microarray approach was used to evaluate R7 and BCP1 strains metabolic potential and their stress response. Also, the capability to utilize various contaminants (aliphatic hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes, aromatic compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds, naphthenic acids and other carboxylic acids) and to persist under stress conditions (high osmolarity, pH stress, toxic compounds, antibiotics) was tested. A genome-based approach was used to relate their abilities to genetic determinants involved in the analysed metabolisms (naphthalene, o-xylene, n-alkanes, naphthenic acids, phenols, phthalate) and in their environmental persistence. In particular, o-xylene and naphthenic acids degradations were investigated in R. opacus R7. Computational and molecular analyses revealed the putative involvement of several genes in these degradation pathways. R7 can degrade o-xylene by the induction of the akb genes (deoxygenation) producing the corresponding dihydrodiol. Likewise, the redundancy of sequences encoding for monooxygenases/hydroxylases (prmA and pheA1A2A3), supports the involvement of other genes that induce the formation of phenols, converging to the phenol oxidation path. The activation of converging oxygenase systems represents a strategy in Rhodococcus genus to degrade recalcitrant compounds and to persist in contaminated environments. NAs degradation pathway is not fully clear but two main routes have been proposed: i) aromatization of the cyclohexane ring ii) activation as CoA thioester. RT and RT-qPCR results showed that R. opacus R7 degrade cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHCA) molecule (used as a model) by a cyclohexane carboxylate CoA ligase (aliA). An application of this work was demonstrated by a microcosm approach, simulating a bioaugmentation process with R7 strain. Autochthone bacteria and R7 capabilities to degrade CHCA were evaluated and compared; results indicated that R7 can degrade the contaminant faster than the microbial community and that its contribute increased CHCA degradation rate. The degradation rate was followed by RT and RT-qPCR, monitoring the expression of the aliA gene. Moreover, a biotechnological application was investigated in R. erythropolis MI2, studying the disulfide 4,4-dithiodibutyric acid (DTDB) degradation pathway. DTDB is a promising substrate for polythioester (PTE) synthesis; indeed, its degradation produces the PTE building block 4-mercaptobutyric acid. The aim was pursued generating R. erythropolis MI2 marker-free deletion mutants for genes involved in the final steps of the pathway.
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Naʼamnieh, Shukrallah. "Entwicklung eines rekombinanten Ganzzellsystems - Klonierung, Coexpression und Mutagenese der Phenylalanin-Dehydrogenase aus Rhodococcus sp. M4 und des malic enzymes aus E.coli K12." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966050142.

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Abokitse, Kofi. "Biochemische und molekularbiologische Charakterisierung von Alkoholdehydrogenasen und einer Oxygenase aus Rhodococcus Spezies." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971968446.

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Stoecker, Matthew A. "Biodegradation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons by Rhodococcus spp. /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11495.

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Ganguly, Sangeeta. "Enhanced Stabilization of Nitrile Hydratase Enzyme From Rhodococcus Sp. DAP 96253 and Rhodococcus." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/25.

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Treatment of industrial wastewaters contaminated with toxic and hazardous organics can be a costly process. In the case of acrylonitrile production, due to highly volatile and toxic nature of the contaminant organics, production wastewaters are currently disposed by deepwell injection without treatment. Under the terms granting deepwell injection of the waste, alternative treatments must be investigated, and an effective treatment identified. Cells of two Gram-positive bacteria, Rhodococcus sp. DAP 96253 and R. rhodochrous DAP 96622 were evaluated for their potential as biocatalysts for detoxification of acrylonitrile production wastewaters. Rhodococcus sp. DAP 96253 and R. rhodochrous DAP 96622 when multiply induced, are capable of utilizing the hazardous nitrile and amide components present in the wastewater as sole carbon and/or nitrogen sources, employing a 2-step enzymatic system involving nitrile hydratase (NHase) and amidase enzymes. There is a significant potential for overproduction of NHase upon multiple induction. However, high-level multiple induction required the presence of highly toxic nitriles and/or amides in the growth medium. Asparagine and glutamine were identified as potent inducers with overexpression at 40% of total soluble cellular protein as NHase. In native form (either cell free enzymes or whole cells) the desired NHase is very labile. In order to develop a practical catalyst to detoxify acrylonitrile production wastewaters, it is necessary to significantly improve and enhance the stability of NHase. Stabilization of desired NHase activity was achieved over a broad range of thermal and pH conditions using simultaneous immobilization and chemical stabilization. Previously where 100% of NHase activity was lost in 24 hours in the non-stabilized cells, retention of 20% of initial activity was retained over 260 days when maintained at 50-55 C, and for over 570 days for selected catalyst formulations maintained at proposed temperature of the biodetoxification process. In addition, NHase and amidase enzymes from Rhodococcus sp. DAP 96253 were purified. Cell free NHase was characterized for its substrate range and effect of common enzyme inhibitors and was compared to available information for NHase from other organisms. As a result of this research a practical alternative to the deepwell injection of acrylonitrile production wastewaters is closer to reality.
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Taylor, James Andrew. "The plasmids of Rhodococcus aetherivorans I24." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613971.

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Oliveira, Luiz Gustavo Schneider. "Infecção por Rhodococcus equi em potros." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/75650.

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Rhodococcus equi é um importante patógeno bacteriano em medicina veterinária, associado, sobretudo, a pneumonias piogranulomatosas em potros no primeiro semestre de vida. São descritos neste trabalho vinte casos de infecção por R. equi em potros recebidos para necropsia no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul entre janeiro de 1997 e janeiro de 2013. Os históricos clínicos obtidos com os veterinários apresentaram grande variabilidade e, mesmo os sinais clássicos de comprometimento respiratório e febre só foram vistos em metade dos casos. Os dados obtidos em uma visita a uma propriedade demonstram que a superpopulação de potros e a introdução de fêmeas no grupo de parição contribuíram para a ocorrência de um surto. Exames de necropsia e de histologia revelaram que pneumonia piogranulomatosa multifocal foi a forma de apresentação mais constante (dezenove casos), seguida por linfadenite piogranulomatosa (dez casos) e tiflocolite piogranulomatosa e ulcerativa (cinco casos). Três animais apresentaram osteomielite piogranuloamatosa, dos quais, dois em vértebras. Uveítes e polissinovites assépticas foram constatadas em três casos. Exame imuno-histoquímco anti-Rhodococcus equi revelou-se positivo em todos os pulmões com lesões, embora os linfonodos tenham sido positivos em apenas três das nove amostras testadas. O exame bacteriológico das amostras de necropsia foi positivo em quinze casos clínicos, assim como em uma amostra de solo da propriedade visitada. O exame de reação da polimerase em cadeia (PCR) revelou o gene de virulência VapA de R. equi em todos os isolados clínicos, mas não na amostra de solo. Adicionalmente os pulmões foram testados por imuno-histoquímica para Pneumocystis sp.e apresentaram marcação em treze dos vinte casos.
Rhodococcus equi is an important bacterial pathogen in veterinary medicine, especially associated with piogranulomatous pneumonia in foals under six months of age. Twenty cases of R. equi infection in foals received for necropsy at the Pathology Veterinary Sector (SPV) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) between January 1997 and January 2013 are described in this paper. Clinical history obtained with veterinary practitioners presented high variability, and even classical respiratory signs and fever were only observed in half of the cases. Data collected in an investigative visiting to a breeding farm showed that the foal superpopulation and the introduction of females to the parturition group contributed to the occurrence of an outbreak. Necropsy and histologic examinations revealed that multifocal piogranulomatous pneumonia was the most constant presentation (nineteen cases), followed by piogranulomatous lymphadenitis (ten cases) and piogranulomatous and ulcerative typhlocolitis (five cases). Three animals presented piogranulomatous osteomyelitis, two of them in vertebrae. Aseptic uveitis and polisynovitis were verified in three cases. Anti-Rhodococcus equi immunohistochemical examination stained positive in all lungs containing lesions, although lymphnodes have stained positive in only three of nine samples tested. Bacteriologic examination of the necropsy samples was positive in fifteen cases and in a soil sample from the visited breeding farm. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test revealed the VapA virulence factor of R.equi in all clinical isolates, but not in the soil sample. Additionally, the lungs were tested to the presence of Pneumocystis sp. by immunohistochemistry, and stained positive in thirteen of twenty cases.
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Chong, Chun Shiong. "Biodegradation of RDX in Rhodococcus spp." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1668/.

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The manufacture, use and storage of explosives over decades have seriously contaminated the environment. Hexa-hydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (Royal Demolition Explosive - RDX) is one of the most widely used explosives. RDX is a man-made compound, recalcitrant to degradation and proven to be toxic to organisms. Bacteria capable of utilising RDX as a sole nitrogen source for growth have been isolated from RDX polluted sites including Rhodococcus rhodochrous 11Y. The RDX degrading genes, xplA and xplB encoding a novel flavodoxin fused cytochrome P450 and its reductase partner respectively, were first identified in R. rhodochrous 11Y. This unusual P450 system has now been found in almost all of the RDX degrading bacteria isolated so far. To date, XplA/B remains the only characterised RDX degrading P450 system and is encoded on an operon in strain 11Y, which also contains a putative permease (transporter) and transcriptional regulator. This gene cluster is highly conserved amongst other RDX degrading bacteria from geographically distinct regions including the United Kingdom, Belgium, Australia and North America, suggesting the xplA/B gene cluster may have been rapidly distributed across the globe by horizontal gene transfer. The first aim of this study was to characterise Rhodococcus erythropolis HS4, a bacterium that degrades RDX slowly but did not contain xplA and xplB. A number of approaches have been employed to characterise this strain, which includes whole cell assays, western analysis, cell free extract activity assays, PCR amplification and affinity purification of protein in R. erythropolis HS4. While whole cells of HS4 showed low RDX degrading activity, no RDX activity was observed in HS4 cell free extracts. Attempts to purify an RDX degrading enzyme from R. erythropolis HS4 were unsuccessful. The second aim of this project was to characterise the RDX degrading gene cluster in R. rhodochrous 11Y. Four genes encoding xplB, xplA, a putative permease and a MarR type regulator, were individually deleted using an unmarked gene deletion system (pK18mobsacB). The xplB knockout strain metabolised RDX more slowly than the wild-type suggesting XplA was able to obtain reducing equivalents from another source in the xplB knockout strain. The xplA knockout strain did not show RDX activity in whole cell and growth experiments. Neither xplA nor its gene product XplA was detected in the xplA knockout strain. The findings suggested no alternative RDX degrading system is present in strain 11Y. The permease knockout did not show significant difference in the RDX removal rate compared to wild-type. Another attempt to characterise the permease in 11Y was to express it in E. coli. No significant difference of RDX uptake between the permease-expressing clone and the control (non-expressing clone) in the uptake assays. The regulator knockout strain had a lower RDX degradation rate than wild-type in the presence of nitrate/nitrite. Also, when the regulator knockout and wild-type strains were previously exposed to nitrate/nitrite, the knockout showed lower RDX degrading activity. Further investigation of xplA regulation in strain 11Y showed that XplA activity was induced by nitrogen-limiting conditions and further induced by RDX. This was the first observation on the XplA activity could be induced by low nitrogen availability in medium. These results suggested that the regulator is indirectly involved in controlling the expression of XplA in 11Y, which is linked to central nitrogen metabolism.
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Hunt, Jonathan Ralph. "Biotransformation of alkenes by Rhodococcus OU." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/109487/.

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Epoxides are an important class of synthons, produced in large quantities (notably epoxyethane and epoxypropane) for the manufacture of polymers. Reaction of epoxides with nucleophiles is stereospecific, offering a route to homochiral pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals from homochiral epoxides. With few exceptions, production of homochiral epoxides is difficult to achieve by chemical syntheses alone. However, alkene epoxidation by monooxygenase enzymes has been shown to proceed with a high degree of stereoselectivity in many instances. The aims of this project were to isolate microorganisms capable of converting alkenes to epoxides and to select the most suitable isolate for further characterization. Two Gram positive bacteria were isolated using α-methylstyrene (αMeS-1) and octane (Rhodococcus OU). The latter isolate was subjected to a more detailed study. Rhodococcus OU were shown to convert a range of structurally diverse alkenes to their corresponding epoxides: aliphatic (1-alkenes from propene to 1-tetradecene and cis-2- butene), alicyclic (cyclopentene and cyclohexene) and aromatic (styrene, allylbenzene and allylphenylether) alkenes. Alcohols, aldehydes and ketones were produced from alkenes with sub-terminal double bonds, in addition to epoxides. The stereoselectivity of alkene epoxidation was investigated by chiral HPLC. Partial resolution of (±)-1,2-epoxy-3-phenoxypropane was achieved, although assignment of the two peaks was not possible. Biotransformation of allyl phenyl ether to 1,2-epoxy-3- phenoxypropane was shown to proceed in a stereoselective manner. Problems associated with the chiral analysis of styrene oxide were not overcome, but preliminary results suggest that Rhodococcus OU is completely stereoselective for (R)-(+)-styrene oxide. Alkene epoxidation was shown to occur by one or more monooxygenase enzymes, expression of which is inducible by growth on n-alkanes but not by growth on 1-hexanol or glucose. Catalytic activity was retained after freezing in liquid nitrogen and storage at -70°C, only diminishing after being stored in excess of two months. Optimization of 1-alkene epoxidation was investigated, with particular reference to 1-hexene epoxidation. The specific rate of 1-alkene epoxidation (qp) was shown to increase as chain length decreased, correlating with an increase in 1-alkene solubility in water. Increasing the biocatalyst concentration resulted in an increase in volumetric productivity, but a decrease in qp. Epoxidation of 1-hexene showed saturable kinetics, qp being maximal between 0.05% to 0.10% (v/v) 1-hexene, whilst the final concentration of 1,2-epoxyhexane attained was concentration-dependant up to 0.40% (v/v) 1-hexene (the maximum concentration tested). Addition of co-substrates was not shown to enhance qp.
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Hullmann, Axel-Günther. "Prophylaxe der Rhodococcus-equi-Pneumonie bei Fohlen durch Vakzination mit Rhodococcus-equi-Impfstoff und Adjuvans CpG XXXX." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=984730109.

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Books on the topic "Rhodococcu"

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Dorothy Russell Havemeyer Foundation workshop on Rhodococcus equi and equine rhodococcal pneumonia (2002 Pullman, Wash.). Workshop on Rhodococcus equi and equine rhodococcal pneumonia. [Pullman, Wash.]: College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, 2002.

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Alvarez, Héctor M. Biology of Rhodococcus. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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Alvarez, Héctor M., ed. Biology of Rhodococcus. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12937-7.

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Alvarez, Héctor M., ed. Biology of Rhodococcus. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11461-9.

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Hunt, Jonathan Ralph. Biotransformation of alkenes by Rhodococcus OU. [s.l.]: typescript, 1991.

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Ashraf, William. The genetics and biochemistry of a propane-utilizing "rhodococcus rhodochrous". [s.l.]: typescript, 1990.

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Mihdhir, Alaa. The physiology, biochemistry and genetics of propane metabolism in Rhodococcus rhodochrous PNKb1. [s.l.]: typescript, 1993.

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Bala, Monu. Rhodococcus Genomes. Vyusta Ventures LLP, 2023.

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Bala, Monu. Rhodococcus Genomes. Vyusta Ventures LLP, 2021.

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Alvarez, Héctor M. Biology of Rhodococcus. Springer, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rhodococcu"

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Prescott, J. F., W. G. Meijer, and J. A. Vázquez-Boland. "Rhodococcus." In Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals, 149–66. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958209.ch9.

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Larkin, M. J., L. A. Kulakov, and C. C. R. Allen. "Rhodococcus." In Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, 1839–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_134.

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Sangal, Vartul, Michael Goodfellow, Amanda L. Jones, Robert J. Seviour, and Iain C. Sutcliffe. "Refined Systematics of the Genus Rhodococcus Based on Whole Genome Analyses." In Biology of Rhodococcus, 1–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11461-9_1.

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Kuyukina, Maria S., and Irena B. Ivshina. "Production of Trehalolipid Biosurfactants by Rhodococcus." In Biology of Rhodococcus, 271–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11461-9_10.

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Alvarez, Héctor M., and Alexander Steinbüchel. "Biology of Triacylglycerol Accumulation by Rhodococcus." In Biology of Rhodococcus, 299–332. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11461-9_11.

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Presentato, Alessandro, Elena Piacenza, Martina Cappelletti, and Raymond J. Turner. "Interaction of Rhodococcus with Metals and Biotechnological Applications." In Biology of Rhodococcus, 333–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11461-9_12.

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Francis, Isolde M., and Danny Vereecke. "Plant-Associated Rhodococcus Species, for Better and for Worse." In Biology of Rhodococcus, 359–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11461-9_13.

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Cappelletti, Martina, Jessica Zampolli, Patrizia Di Gennaro, and Davide Zannoni. "Genomics of Rhodococcus." In Biology of Rhodococcus, 23–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11461-9_2.

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Hernández, Martín A., Héctor M. Alvarez, Mariana P. Lanfranconi, Roxana A. Silva, O. Marisa Herrero, and María Soledad Villalba. "Central Metabolism of Species of the Genus Rhodococcus." In Biology of Rhodococcus, 61–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11461-9_3.

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Yoshida, Nobuyuki. "Oligotrophic Growth of Rhodococcus." In Biology of Rhodococcus, 87–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11461-9_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rhodococcu"

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Лучникова, Наталья Алексеевна, Ксения Михайловна Иванова (Кудымова), Екатерина Владимировна Тарасова, Виктория Викторовна Гришко, and Ирина Борисовна Ившина. "БИОКОНВЕРСИЯ ТРИТЕРПЕНОИДОВ ОЛЕАНАНОВОГО ТИПА АКТИНОБАКТЕРИЯМИ." In IX ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ ШКОЛА МОЛОДОГО УЧЕНОГО. Центральная научная библиотека УрО РАН, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32460/ishmu-2021-9-0002.

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С использованием биоресурсов Региональной профилированной коллекции алканотрофных микроорганизмов (официальный акроним ИЭГМ; номер во Всемирной федерации коллекций культур 285, www.iegmcol.ru) показана способность актинобактерий рода Rhodococcusк окислительной конверсии 1,0 г/л растительных пентациклических тритерпеноидов ‒ олеаноловой (ОК) и глицирретовой (ГК) кислот. Отобран штамм R. rhodochrous ИЭГМ 1360 с высокой каталитической активностью, катализирующий в течение 7 сут образование 3-оксоолеан-12-ен-28-овой (0,9%) и 3,11-диоксо-олеан-12-ен-29-овой (26,1%) кислот из ОК и ГК соответственно. Экспериментально обосновано, что в процессе биотрансформации ОК и ГК участвуют ферментные комплексы, прочно связанные с клеточной мембраной актинобактерий. По данным фазово-контрастной микроскопии, родококки формируют обособленные клеточные агрегаты на поверхности субстратов. При этом значительного изменения размеров их клеток не выявлено. Полученные данные расширяют представление о каталитической активности актинобактерий рода Rhodococcus и их возможном использовании в качестве биокатализаторов процессов биоконверсии гидрофобных полициклических субстратов, в том числе перспективных в синтезе биологически активных соединений ОК и ГК.
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Svanova, Pavla. "METAL-RESISTANCE IN RHODOCOCCUS BACTERIAL STRAIN." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b61/s25.066.

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Kruglova, M. N., Y. A. Chugunova, A. A. Samkov, N. N. Volchenko, and A. A. Khudokormov. "Correlation between the diversity of xenobiotic catabolism genes in Rhodococcus and phytotoxicity of imidazolinone and organophosphate herbicide biotransformation products." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.131.

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Rhodococcus strains with a wide spectrum of catabolic genes, have provided a more marked reduction of toxicity of imidazolinone. In the case of glyphosate, the opposite strain-specific pattern is found.
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Markova, Yu A., L. A. Belovezhets, M. S. Tretyakova, A. M. Cheremnykh, and A. A. Levchuk. "The nature of the carbon source as a modulator of the response of bacteria to biologically active compounds (for example, colchicine and protatranes)." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.163.

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When assessing the impact of biological active compounds (colchicine and protatranes) on Rhodococcus erythropolis against the background of various carbon sources, an unusual effect of low concentrations of colchicine was revealed, that expressed in sharp stimulation of bacterial metabolism.
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Tishchenko, A. V., L. V. Litvinenko, and I. B. Ivshina. "Reduction of heavy metal phytotoxicity using Rhodococcus-biosurfactants." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.248.

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Kreit, Joseph, Rajae Elamrani, Marouane Melloul, and Aziz Elalami. "Taxonomy of sterol-degrading species of the genus, Rhodococcus." In MICROBES IN APPLIED RESEARCH - Current Advances and Challenges. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814405041_0131.

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Sricoth, Theeta, Prayad Pokethitiyook, Toemthip Poolpak, and Maleeya Kruatrachue. "Desulfurization of Oil by Recombinant Rhodococcus Gordoniae Strain R3." In 2015 International Conference on Environmental Science and Sustainable Development (ICESSD 2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814723039_0053.

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Turskaya, A. L., Yu A. Markova, S. N. Adamovich, I. A. Ushakov, E. N. Oborina, M. S. Tretyakova, and L. A. Belovezhets. "PROTATHRANES – SYNTHETIC GROWTH BIOSTIMULATORS OF MICROORGANISM-OIL DЕSTRUCTOR RHODOCOCCUS ERYTHROPOLIS." In The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-1397-1400.

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DELLA ROCCA, D. G., D. TODESCATO, D. MAASS, D. OLIVEIRA, S. M. A. G. U. de SOUZA, and A. A. U. de SOUZA. "Estudo das condições de crescimento do Rhodococcus erythropolis ATCC 1277." In XX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeq2014-1199-20513-145136.

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Rastimesina, Inna, Olga Postolachi, Valentina Josan, Alina Cotoman, and Vera Mamaliga. "Screening of low density polyethylene degrading microorganisms." In National Scientific Symposium With International Participation: Modern Biotechnologies – Solutions to the Challenges of the Contemporary World. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb21.003.

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Bacteria, actinobacteria, and micromycetes stored in the National Collection of NonPathogenic Microorganisms (CNMN) were assessed for the capacity to grow and degrade LDPE. There were tested 15 strains of bacteria from genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Rhodococcus, and 15 strains of micromycetes from genera Penicillium and Aspergillus. Among the studied bacterial strains, actinobacteria were more effective in LDPE degradation than bacilli and Pseudomonas spp. The members of genus Penicillium, in comparing with Aspergillus spp., degraded LDPE more actively.
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Reports on the topic "Rhodococcu"

1

Litchfield, J. H., D. T. Palmer, T. J. Zupancic, and H. N. Conkle. Molecular biological enhancement of coal biodesulfurization. [Rhodococcus]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5065946.

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Litchfield, J. H., I. Fry, R. E. Wyza, D. T. Palmer, T. J. Zupancic, and H. N. Conkle. Molecular biological enhancement of coal biodesulfurization. [Rhodococcus]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5065953.

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Litchfield, J. H., I. Fry, R. E. Wyza, D. T. Palmer, T. J. Zupancic, and H. N. Conkle. Molecular biological enhancement of coal biodesulfurization. [Rhodococcus, thiobacillus]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5065961.

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Kilbane, J. J., and B. A. Bielaga. Molecular biological enhancement of coal biodesulfurization. [Rhodococcus rhodochrous]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6089976.

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Ho, N. W. Y. Characterization of the organic-sulfur-degrading enzymes. [Rhodococcus rhodochorous]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6848406.

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Kilbane, J. J. II. Microbial strain improvement for organosulfur removal from coal. [Rhodococcus rhodochrous]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5792238.

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Saraiva, Aline, Lana Fonseca, and Rafael Valadares. Categorização funcional de proteínas de um cultivo biológico da bactéria Rhodococcus opacus. ITV, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29223/prod.tec.itv.ds.2019.9.saraiva.

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Ho, N. W. Y. Characterization of the organic-sulfur-degrading enzymes. [IGTS8: a derivative of Rhodococcus rhodochrous]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5792251.

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Srivastava, V. J. The effect of moderate coal cleaning on microbial removal of organic sulfur. [Rhodococcus rhodochrous]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5986967.

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John J. Kilbane II. Thermostabilization of desulfurization enzymes from Rhodococcos sp. IGTS8. Final technical report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809375.

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