Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rhizomes'
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McCauley, Kym. "Collision/collusion : editing - rhizomes - hypertext /." requires logon and password, 1998. http://www.adfa.edu.au/kmthesis.
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Opalka, David W. "Carbohydrate status of in vitro grown trillium rhizomes." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.64 Mb., 101 p, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1432293.
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Tanti, Rose-Marie. "Hémisynthèse des irones à partir de rhizomes d'iris." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30050.
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Une nouvelle methode de preparation des irones est decrite. L'oxydation par le permanganate de potassium dans les conditions de transfert de phase de l'extrait lipidique de rhizomes frais d'iris pallida permet d'obtenir plus de deux grammes d'irones par kilogramme de rhizomes poids sec, ce qui correspond a environ cinq fois le rendement obtenu par la methode traditionnelle. De plus, le melange des irones forme est analogue a celui de l'absolue d'iris actuellement commercialisee. Les conditions operatoires optimales de cette reaction ont ete determinees: duree de la reaction, quantite d'oxydant, choix et quantite de catalyseur. L'etude de l'oxydation de differents melanges d'irones a permis de mettre en evidence une difference de reactivite de chacun des isomeres qui les composent. Des methodes de separation et de dosage des precurseurs des irones sont proposees. Elles constituent les etapes cles d'un test permettant d'evaluer la qualite d'un lot de rhizomes vis-a-vis de la production des irones
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Myers, Emily. "Of Rhizomes and Radio: Networking Indigenous Community Media in Oaxaca, Mexico." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20700.
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In the face of a shifting political climate in Latin America, movements for indigenous rights and autonomy are leveraging community media in new ways transcending the state-market binary. Through ethnographic research with Zapotec media producers in Oaxaca and the supportive organizations forming points of connection between radios and activists, I argue that the strength of the indigenous community media movement in Oaxaca, and its potential to build a movement to resist destructive state and market forces, is best explained by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s concept of the rhizome, which portrays Oaxacan indigenous media as a map of heterogeneous interconnections defying structural hierarchies and binaries. With this picture of a rhizomatic media movement, I demonstrate how radios have paved the way for innovations, revealing creative ways that indigenous groups are connecting with each other and the outside world, while asserting agency in their interactions with the market and the state.
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Roger, Benoît. "Contribution à l'étude des rhizomes, huiles essentielles et extraits d'Iris germanica L. Et d'Iris pallida Lam. Du Maroc." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4084.
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Ce mémoire est consacré à l’étude des rhizomes, huiles essentielles, et extraits d’Iris germanica L. Et d’I. Pallida Lam. Du Maroc. Une méthode de dosage direct des irones dans les rhizomes par HS-SPME/GC a tout d’abord été développée et comparée à une méthode de dosage plus classique (extraction solide / liquide suivie d’une quantification par GC) avant d’étudier l’évolution de la teneur en irones en fonction de la durée de stockage des rhizomes. L’étude de la composition chimique du résinoïde d’Iris germanica a ensuite été réalisée. Elle révèle notamment la présence dans le résinoïde de flavonoïdes, d’iridals, d’esters d’iridals, d’irones, d’acides gras, de stéroïdes, d’alcanes et de glucides. La composition chimique des résinoïdes d’Iris pallida a également été comparée ainsi que celle de résinoïdes d’Iris pallida obtenues à partir de rhizomes provenant de différentes origines géographiques. Cette étude a conduit à l’identification de trois isoflavones caractéristiques de l’Iris germanica (la nigricanine, l’iriflogénine et l’irisolidone) et de quatre composés caractéristiques de l’Iris pallida permettant également de distinguer l’origine géographique des rhizomes (l’iriflophénone, la 2,6,4’-trihydroxy-4-méthoxybenzophénone, la 8-hydroxyrigénine et la 2,3-dihydrorigénine). La composition chimique d’autres extraits d’Iris germanica (absolue, extrait éthanolique et extraits au CO2 supercritique) a également été comparée à celle du résinoïde. Enfin, la distillation et la qualité des différents beurres d’Iris du Maroc (Iris germanica et Iris pallida) ont été étudiés ainsi que la valorisation des sous-produits de la distillation. Nous contribuons ainsi à une meilleure connaissance des rhizomes, huiles essentielles et extraits des différents iris cultivés au MarocThis report is dedicated to the chemical study of rhizomes, essential oil, and extracts of Iris germinaca L. And Iris pallida Lam. From Morocco. A method of direct quantification of irones in rhizomes by HS-SPME / GC is presented first and compared with a classical method (solid / liquid extraction followed by quantification by GC) before studying the evolution of the irones content according to the storage time of rhizomes. The study of the chemical composition of Iris germanica resinoid is then presented. It reveals the presence in the resinoid of flavonoids, iridals, iridals esters, irones, fatty acids, steroids, alkanes and carbohydrates. The comparison of Iris germanica and Iris pallida resinoids is also presented as well as that of iris pallida resinoid obtained from rhizomes resulting from various geographic origins. This study led to the identification of four characteristics compounds of the pallida species : the 2,6,4-‘’trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, the 8-hydroxyirigenine, the 2,3-dihydroirigenine and the iriflophenone. These four compouds also allow distinguishing Iris pallida resinoids obtained from rhizomes of four geographic studied origins (Morocco, Italy,France and China). The chemical composition of others Iris germanica extracts (absolute, alcohol extract and supercritical CO2 extract) is also presented. Finally, the distillation and the quality of the butters of iris from Morocco is presented (Iris germanica and Iris pallida) and a possibility of valuation of the distillation by-products is proposed. In this way, we contribute to a better knowledge of rhizomes, essential oil and extracts of vaious iris cultivated in Morocco
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Shaerf, David. "Rhizomes and non-linear pathways : new approaches to narrative in the competitive hobbyist documentary." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3242.
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This PhD study will serve to question and explore questions and methods of narratology (more specifically narrative structure) within the construct of the documentary filmmaking process. The arguments that follow in the written section of this thesis will serve as a text that allows a synthesis between my practical work in the documentary film, The Love for the Game (2010), and the underlying narratological theories posited in this PhD submission. Ultimately, this thesis’ aim is to contribute to and expand upon theories of narrative structure within documentary film; a largely underdeveloped area within documentary theory. More specifically, the thesis is inspecting the genre of documentary which I am calling competitive hobbyist films: a group of films that has recently emerged within the documentary field of filmmaking which closely inspect niche interest groups within a competitive environment. The documentary titled The Love for the Game (2010), then, will document the community that surrounds the game of Backgammon (predominantly in the United States). Both the film and supporting text will look at new approaches to documentary practice within the competitive hobbyist genre. More specifically, an inspection of the film’s narrative structure serves to expand upon the competitive hobbyist genre and examine how the films within this genre are approached from a narratological perspective. I will conclude by illustrating how my research, looking specifically at alternative narrative structures, deploying non-linear, Rhizomatic forms, is relevant, not only to narrative fiction films, but also very much within documentary film. Moreover, I will illustrate how these non-linear forms have affected the way documentary filmmakers may approach the genre of competitive hobbyist documentaries.
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Gutt, Blake Ajax. "Rhizomes, parasites, folds and trees : systems of thought in medieval French and Catalan literary texts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/278413.
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This thesis investigates conceptual networks —systems of organising, understanding and explaining thought and knowledge— and the ways in which they underlie both text and its mise en page across a range of thirteenth- and fourteenth-century French and Catalan literary texts and their manuscript witnesses. Each of the three chapters explores a separate corpus of texts, using two of four interrelated network theories: Michel Serres’ notion of parasites and hosts as the basic interconnecting units that combine to constitute all relational networks; the ubiquitous organizational tree; Gilles Deleuze’s concept of the fold as the primary factor in producing differentiation and identity; and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s unruly, anti-hierarchical and anti-arborescent rhizomatic systems. The first chapter engages primarily with parasites and trees; the second with trees and folds; and the third with folds and rhizomes. However, resonances with the other network theories are discussed as they occur, in order to demonstrate the fundamentally interconnected and often interchangeable nature of these systems. Each chapter includes close analysis of manuscript witnesses of the texts under discussion. The first chapter, ‘Saints Denis and Fanuel: Parasitism and Arborescence on the Manuscript Page’, examines parasitic and arboreal networks in two hagiographic texts: late thirteenth- and early fourteenth-century prose redactions of the Vie de Saint Denis, and the thirteenth‐century hagiographic romance Li Romanz de Saint Fanuel. The second chapter, ‘Ramon Llull’s Folding Forests: The World, the Tree and the Book’, addresses arborescent and folding structures in Llull’s encyclopaedic Arbre de ciència [Tree of Science], composed between 1295 and 1296. The third chapter, ‘Transgender Genealogy: Turning, Folding and Crossing Gender’, considers three characters in medieval French texts who can be read as transgender: Saint Fanuel; the King of Torelore in Aucassin et Nicolette; and Blanchandin/e in Tristan de Nanteuil. The chapter explores the ways in which these characters’ queer trajectories can be understood through conceptions of directionality which relate to the fold and the rhizome.
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Pergent, Gérard. "Recherches lépidochronologiques chez posidonia océanica (potamogetonaceae) : fluctuation des paramètres anatomiques et morphologiques des écailles des rhizomes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22111.
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L'epaisseur des ecailles (petiole persistant), presentent le long des rhizomes de posidonia oceanica, montre des variations cycliques en fonction de leur rang d'insertion. Le terme de lepidochronologie a ete propose pour definir l'etude de ces variations et des principaux phenomenes y afferant. Une telle etude a ete entreprise dans differentes localites de la mediterranee: banyuls-sur-mer et port-cros (france), urla-iskele (turquie), kerkennah et zembra (tunisie). L'etude phenologique des herbiers rencontres nous a permis de mieux apprehender leur structure. La densite des faisceaux au m**(2), la biometrie des feuilles, le coefficient "a", l'indice foliaire et le taux de floraison ont ete evalues. Dans certaines localites des prefeuilles atypiques ont pu etre decrites
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Pergent, Gérard. "Recherches lépidochronologiques chez Posidonia oceanica (Potamogetonaceae) fluctuations des paramètres anatomiques et morphologiques des écailles des rhizomes /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608764g.
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Shoko, Ryman. "A proteomic investigation of the rhizomes of the resurrection fern Mohria caffrorum L. (Desv.) in response to desiccation." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16779.
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Includes bibliographical referencesAs there is limited information on the mechanisms of vegetative desiccation-tolerance in resurrection plant rhizomes, this work was undertaken to study the mechanisms of desiccation-tolerance in Mohria caffrorum rhizomes. Fronds of this plant have been previously characterized as being desiccation-tolerant in summer and desiccation-sensitive in winter. Since fern rhizomes are perennial organs, it was of interest to establish whether these organs are also perennially desiccation-tolerant and, whether or not the rhizomes regulate desiccation-tolerance in the fronds. Ultra-structural evidence using transmission electron microscopy and viability studies using electrolyte leakage analysis showed that the rhizomes were desiccation-tolerant throughout the seasons. Quantitative proteomics analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification was employed to investigate molecular mechanisms of desiccation-tolerance in the rhizomes of this plant. Using a custom fern rhizome specific peptide sequence database, 236 proteins were identified. Of these, 16 proteins increased in abundance while 14 declined, in the summer collected rhizomes. On the other hand, 16 proteins increased in abundance and 20 declined in the winter form. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression trends of heat shock protein 70-2 and superoxide dismutase-[Cu-Zn], which were among the differentially expressed proteins. Bioinformatics analysis of the differentially expressed proteins was carried out using network enrichment tools, to identify key molecular processes and pathways involved in the rhizome response to desiccation stress. Results indicate that the rhizomes use different molecular mechanisms to achieve desiccation-tolerance in winter and summer. Potential cross-talks and cross-tolerances were identified in which mechanisms protecting the rhizomes against desiccation-tolerance appeared to also protect them against heat stress, and in winter an apparent cross-talk against desiccation and pathogen stresses was also identified. This study is the first report of evidence that M.caffrorum rhizomes are the 'master-regulator organs' responsible for regulating desiccation-tolerance in the fronds. This role was inferred from the rhizome's predicted up-/down-regulation of biological processes and pathways that relate to leaf senescence, shoot system morphogenesis and gametophyte development, among others.
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Abi, Aad Elizabeth. "Impact de la Détente Instantanée Contrôlée (DIC) sur l’extraction des molécules bioactives de rhizomes de Rheum ribes L." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS008.
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Rheum ribes L. (la rhubarbe) est l'une des plantes médicinales méditerranéennes les plus importantes. La préparation des décoctions aqueuses des rhizomes de cette plante est devenue une pratique courante chez les patients souffrant de diverses maladies. La Détente Instantanée Contrôlée (DIC) est un traitement à haute température et à courte durée (HTST high-temperature/short-time) suivi d'une chute brutale de pression vers le vide (Pression absolue de 5 kPa environ). Le traitement DIC induit l’expansion et réduit la tortuosité de la matrice traitée, et assure ainsi une meilleure diffusivité des solvants d’extraction et par la suite une plus grande disponibilité des molécules actives. D’une part, nos travaux de recherche ont visé l’identification de l’impact du traitement par DIC des rhizomes d’une espèce libanaise de R. ribes L. Les évaluations ont été basées sur les teneurs en polyphénols totaux (TPC) et en flavonoïdes (TFC) ainsi que sur les pouvoirs antioxydants des extraits aqueux de rhizomes traités. Les résultats ont montré qu’une corrélation négative existe entre la pression de vapeur saturée appliquée et les valeurs de TPC, TFC et les activités antioxydantes des échantillons traités. Cependant, il n'y avait pas d'influence significative du temps de traitement par DIC sur les variables réponses. A ces deux facteurs opératoires de la DIC, pression et temps de traitement, s’ajoute la teneur en eau (W) des rhizomes. Les résultats ont montré qu’une augmentation ne provoque pas des meilleurs rendements en composés phénoliques. D’autre part, ce travail inclut également l’étude de l’impact du traitement par DIC sur les activités biologiques (effets antibactériens et antiprolifératifs) des extraits de rhizomes. Les résultats ont mis en évidence que les extraits aqueux de rhizomes traités par DIC présentent, aux concentrations testées, de très faibles pouvoirs antibactériens sur E. coli et S. aureus, avec des résultats légèrement supérieurs au niveau de l’inhibition de la croissance de S. aureus. En ce qui concerne le test de viabilité des cellules cancéreuses du mélanome, les résultats ont montré que le traitement par DIC a un impact positif sur le pouvoir antiprolifératif des échantillons traités en comparaison avec une matrice non-traitée par DIC et extraite par voie aqueuse. En particulier, deux échantillons parmi ceux testés, ont enregistré un pouvoir antiprolifératif de 60%. Les dosages par HPLC et UHPLC ont révélé la présence de trois anthraquinones (l’émodine, le chrysophanol et le physcion) dans les extraits de rhizomes ainsi qu’une vingtaine de composés de la famille des flavonoïdes. Cependant, les quantités d’anthraquinones détectés ne sont pas significativement plus élevées dans les extraits traités par DIC que dans ceux non-traités. Finalement, il a été constaté que la teneur phénolique totale d'un échantillon aqueux traité avec les paramètres optimaux de la DIC est égale à celle d'un point hydroalcoolique non traité. Des expérimentations supplémentaires seront nécessaires pour la validation de ce résultatRheum ribes L. (rhubarb) is one of the most important Mediterranean medicinal plants. Preparing its rhizomes’ aqueous decoctions has become common among patients suffering from various diseases. Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) is a High-Temperature Short-Time treatment (HTST) followed by an abrupt pressure drop towards the vacuum (approximately 5 kPa). This technology increases the expansion and reduces the tortuosity of the treated matrix to ensure better diffusivity of the extraction solvents and greater availability of the active molecules. On the one hand, our research aimed at the impact of DIC treatment on the rhizomes of a Lebanese species of R. ribes L. The evaluations were based on the contents of total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) as well as the antioxidant capacities of aqueous extracts of the treated rhizomes. The results showed a negative correlation between the saturated steam pressure applied and the values of TPC, TFC, and the antioxidant activities of the samples. However, DIC treatment time had no significant influence on the response variables. In addition to these two DIC operating factors (pressure and treatment time), the effect of the rhizomes water content (W) was also studied. The results showed that the increase of “W” does not lead to better yields of phenolic compounds. On the other hand, this study presents the impact of DIC treatment on the biological activities (antibacterial and antiproliferative effects) of rhizome extracts. The results revealed that the aqueous extracts of DIC-treated rhizomes show weak antibacterial powers on E. coli and S. aureus, with slightly superior results in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus. Regarding the viability test of melanoma cancer cells, the results showed that the DIC treatment positively impacts the antiproliferative power of the treated samples compared with the untreated point (aqueous MP). In particular, two samples among those tested recorded an antiproliferative power of 60%. The HPLC and UHPLC assays revealed the presence of three anthraquinones (emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion) in the rhizome extracts and about twenty compounds from the flavonoid family. However, the amounts of anthraquinones detected are not significantly higher in the extracts treated with DIC than in the untreated ones. Finally, it was found that the total phenolic content of an aqueous sample treated with the optimal DIC parameters is equal to that of an untreated hydroalcoholic sample. Further experiments will be necessary to validate this result
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Latolla, Nehemiah Solomon. "The investigation of chemical variation in the stems and rhizomes of cissampelos capensis l. f. (menispermaceae) the Eastern Cape medicinal plant." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13970.
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Cissampelos capensis L. f. (Menispermaceae) commonly known as “Mayisake” (Xhosa) and “Dawidjieswortel” (Afrikaans) is the most commonly used medicinal plant of the Menispermaceae family in South Africa. The rhizomes of Cissampelos capensis are the most used part of the plant to treat illnesses. This poses a threat to the ongoing conservation of this valuable endemic species. Thus, we studied the chemical variation and subsequently the bioactivity in the stems and rhizomes of Cissampelos capensis, the Eastern Cape medicinal plant, to suggest the possible use of the stems for medicinal purposes. We studied the variation in the chemical composition in the stems and the rhizomes by employing four different extraction methods; the methanolic-, non-polar-, alkaloidal- and Total Tertiary Alkaloidal (TTA) to extract compounds from Cissampelos capensis. Employing various chromatographic techniques, HPLC, NMR and LC/MS to investigate the chemical variation and the in vitro assays for the crude materials of the stems and rhizomes of Cissampelos capensis. We successfully documented a library of the phytochemicals content in Cissampelos capensis from three different regions in the Eastern Cape. We could profile different extraction methods, with the TTA extraction delivering the best comparative profile. Employing LC/MS and HPLC we identified eleven known alkaloidal compounds in the stems and rhizomes. We also isolated a known alkaloid, pronuciferine, from the TTA extract and a crystal structure of proto-quericitol from the methanolic extract, which was isolated for the first time from Cissampelos capensis. Preliminary in vitro results suggested anti-inflammatory activity in the methanolic extracts of the stems and rhizomes, while the TTA extracts showed some cytotoxicity. Finally, through analytical HPLC analysis this study found as high as 31% similarity between the chemical variation of the stems and rhizomes, but key alkaloids were not always present, indicating more work is needed before the stems can be recommended as a replacement for the rhizomes.
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Glaser, Jan [Verfasser], and Ulrike [Gutachter] Holzgrabe. "Antileishmanial compounds from Nature - Elucidation of the active principles of an extract from Valeriana wallichii rhizomes / Jan Glaser. Gutachter: Ulrike Holzgrabe." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1111785112/34.
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Marty, James. "Revegetation of Bulrushes Bolboschoenus Maritimus, Schoenoplectus Acutus, and S. Americanus in Great Salt Lake Wetlands: Seed Biology and Influence of Environmental Factors on Rhizomes." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5066.
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A primary goal of ecological restoration is to establish desirable plant species. This goal is particularly important following the removal of invasive plants. Understanding biological traits of plant species important to revegetation is crucial to plant establishment. In the globally important Great Salt Lake (GSL) wetlands, native habitat-forming bulrushes Bolboschoenus maritimus, Schoenoplectus acutus, and S. americanus are frequently displaced by the invasive grass Phragmites australis. Successful revegetation of bulrushes relies on improving our understanding of seed dormancy break, seed germination requirements, and the environmental factors affecting rhizome emergence and growth. We used a series of germination chamber and greenhouse experiments to examine effective seed dormancy break treatments and germination conditions for multiple collection sites of bulrushes B. maritimus, S. acutus, and S. americanus. We also performed a greenhouse experiment to investigate how water depth, nutrient, and salinity levels affect B. maritimus and S. acutus emergence and growth from rhizomes. Cold, moist stratification and bleach scarification were effective dormancy break treatments for all species, though magnitude of effect varied by species and source site. Soaking the seeds after application of dormancy break treatments improved germination for all species. Rhizome emergence of S. acutus was negatively affected by high water depth, likely due to oxygen limitation. Bolboschoenus maritimus was salinity tolerant relative to S. acutus. GSL wetland managers can use these findings to improve revegetation projects via seeding and planting.
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Ataide, Pablo Fagundes. "Biomassa subterrânea da pastagem natural sob intensidades de pastejo contrastantes e submetida a diferimentos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/117643.
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O sobrepastejo é a principal causa de degradação das pastagens naturais, resultando na diminuição do potencial produtivo e consequente capacidade de suporte desses campos, além da substituição da vegetação natural por espécies de menor valor forrageiro. A exclusão temporária do pastejo é uma ferramenta que pode contribuir para a recuperação ambiental e da capacidade produtiva das pastagens degradadas. Esta ferramenta, além de proporcionar o crescimento da biomassa aérea das plantas, permitindo que espécies de alto valor forrageiro se reproduzam, pode influenciar características importantes na biomassa subterrânea que envolve sequestro de carbono e melhoria nas características do solo. Neste trabalho buscamos compreender as relações entre o sistema radicular das pastagens naturais e a biomassa aérea, com a hipótese de que o diferimento, além de promover a recuperação de áreas degradadas pelo sobrepastejo via acúmulo de pasto e aumento da cobertura do solo, aumenta também a biomassa de estruturas subterrâneas. Foram aplicados três tratamentos de diferimentos: diferimento de primavera (DP), diferimento de outono (DO) e não diferido (ND) em duas áreas com histórico de intensidade de pastejo contrastantes 4% (4 kg de MS para cada 100 kg PV) e 8-12% (8 kg de MS para cada 100 kg de PV na primavera e 12 kg de MS para cada 100 kg de PV no restante do ano) avaliados por dois anos consecutivos. A biomassa de raízes (Braíz) foi maior no primeiro ano de avaliações no 4% e no 8-12% nos períodos pós DP e no 4% nas avaliações pós DO. A biomassa de rizomas (Briz) foi maior nos diferimentos (DP e DO) quando comparados isoladamente com o não diferido (ND) no 4%, no segundo ano pós DP para o 8-12% e foi maior para o DP no efeito cumulativo dos dois anos. A (Bsubt) também foi maior no primeiro ano de avaliação somente no 4%. A relação da biomassa aérea/subterrânea (R:A/S) foi maior nos diferimento de primavera (DP) e outono (DO) no ambiente com OF 4% nas comparações com o não diferido (ND) nos dois anos de avaliações e o DP apresentou uma melhor resposta cumulativa. O diferimento aplicado em período favorável ao crescimento vegetal proporciona aumento da biomassa aérea e, em ambientes com longo histórico de sobrepastejo, pode aumentar a biomassa de rizomas contribuindo para a maior cobertura vegetal de espécies que apresentam esse tipo de estrutura subterrânea.The overgrazing is the main cause of degradation of rangelands, resulting in decreased production potential and consequently carrying capacity of these fields in addition to the replacement of natural vegetation by species of lower feed value. The temporary grazing exclusion is a tool that can contribute to environmental recovery and the productive capacity of degraded pastures. This tool, in addition to providing the growth of the biomass plant, allowing species of high forage value to breed, can influence important features in the underground biomass involving carbon sequestration and improved soil characteristics. This study aims to understand the relationship between the root system of natural pastures and biomass, with the hypothesis that the deferral, and promote the recovery of degraded areas by overgrazing pasture via accumulation and increased soil cover, also increases biomass underground structures. Deferrals three treatments were applied: spring deferral (DP), autumn deferral (DO) and not deferred (ND) in two areas with contrasting grazing intensity of historical 4% (4 kg DM per 100 kg BW) and 8-12% (8 kg DM per 100 kg of body weight in the spring and 12 kg DM per 100 kg of body weight in the rest of the year) evaluated for two consecutive years. The root biomass (Braíz) was higher in the first year of evaluations at 4%, and 8-12% in post DP periods and 4% in after THE assessments. The biomass of rhizomes (Briz) was higher in deferrals (DP and DO) compared alone with no deferred (ND) at 4% and was higher in the DP in the cumulative effect of two years. The (Bsubt) was also higher in the first year of assessment only 4%. The ratio of aboveground / underground biomass (R: A/S) was higher in spring deferral (DP) and autumn (DO) in the environment with OF 4% in comparison with the non-deferred (ND) in the two years of reviews and the DP showed better cumulative response. The deferral applied in good times to plant growth provides increased biomass and, in environments with long history of overgrazing, can increase the biomass of rhizomes contributing to higher vegetation species that exhibit this type of underground structure.
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Girona, Jessica. "Une approche par traits fonctionnels pour améliorer les rendements du bleuet sauvage au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10634.
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Le bleuet sauvage (Vaccinium angustifolium ait.) se distingue des autres plantes agronomiques par le fait qu’elle est une plante pérenne, de sous-bois, dont les populations sont aménagées en bleuetière, après déboisement et élimination des autres espèces. Au Québec, et en particulier dans la région du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, la production du bleuet sauvage est importante mais reste très variable d'une année à l'autre. Les dégâts de gel et l’apparition de zones dénudées de végétation, où le bleuet ne s’établit plus, contribuent à diminuer cette production. Pour tenter d'améliorer les rendements et répondre à ces problématiques, ce projet de recherche vise à valoriser les traits fonctionnels du bleuet sauvage, c’est-à-dire ses caractéristiques morphologiques, physiologiques ou phénologiques.
Une couche de neige permet au bleuet sauvage de survivre à la rigueur de l’hiver. Cependant, dans un contexte où les champs constituent d’importantes surfaces, celle-ci est balayée par les vents. L’utilisation de haies brise-vent est largement répandue dans la région et permet d’accumuler la neige au sol. Dans ce premier volet, nous cherchions à déterminer l’efficacité de ces haies brise-vents à protéger les plants de bleuets pendant l’hiver. Nous avons ainsi mesuré la profondeur de neige le long de transects perpendiculaires à différentes haies brise-vent, sur deux bleuetières du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, à l’hiver 2015 et 2016. A l’été 2015, nous avons ensuite mesuré les dégâts liés au gel sur les plants de bleuets situés aux mêmes endroits que les mesures de neige de l’hiver précédent. Nous avons d’abord trouvé un patron de distribution semblable entre les années pour la moitié des transects, ce qui confirme l’implication des haies brise-vent dans l’étalement de la neige. Nos résultats montrent ensuite que, pour au moins l’une des deux bleuetières, le gel hivernal pourrait être responsable des pertes de rendements et que l’architecture des haies brise-vent nécessite d’être améliorée. En effet, l’étalement de la neige était loin d’être uniforme et ne permettait pas d’assurer une protection pour l’ensemble du champ si cette distribution coïncide avec de faibles températures. L’efficacité des haies brise-vent est souvent évaluée par le rendement, mais ce dernier peut être influencé par plusieurs autres facteurs (pollinisation, ensoleillement, etc). D’après nos résultats, une seule mesure d’épaisseur de neige pendant l’hiver semble donner une bonne idée de l’efficacité de ces haies brise-vent et nous parait nécessaire avant d’entreprendre une étude sur leur architecture.
Dans un second volet, nous cherchions à stimuler la croissance des rhizomes pour permettre leur propagation, en vue de recoloniser les zones dénudées en bleuetière. Deux dispositifs ont été implantés, un premier en mésocosme puis un second en champ. Pour recréer des conditions environnementales plus proches du milieu naturel que de celles rencontrées en champ, les traitements appliqués visaient à manipuler et à mesurer l’impact de deux facteurs sur la croissance du rhizome : l’intensité lumineuse et l’apport de matière organique. L’expérience en condition contrôlée n’a pas été probante et ne nous a pas permis de conclure quant à l’efficacité d’un traitement pour stimuler les rhizomes du bleuet sauvage. Les raisons sont discutées plus loin dans ce mémoire. L’expérience en champ apportera peut-être plus de résultats dans l’avenir.
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Auen, Lisa Marie. "I. Effects of dormant season herbage removal on Flint Hills rangeland : II. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy analysis of total nonstructural carbohydrates in big bluestem rhizomes." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16786.
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Amougou, Norbert. "Importance des litières de Miscanthus × giganteus (feuilles sénescentes, racines et rhizomes) : impact de leur décomposition sur la minéralisation de C et N dans un sol." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS007/document.
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La nécessité de maîtriser les émissions de GES (CO2, NO), la raréfaction et la hausse du prix des carburants fossiles conduisent à envisager la substitution du C fossile par du C « renouvelable » c'est-à-dire issu de la biomasse végétale. Cette stratégie de substitution doit être durable. En particulier l’exportation massive de biomasse végétale privant le sol des restitutions de résidus végétaux (par exemple pour les pailles de céréales) ; et l’implantation de nouvelles cultures notamment des plantes pérennes (par exemple le miscanthus) interrogent sur les pratiques culturales, notamment les dates et les fréquences d’exportation, indispensables pour le maintien de la fertilité des sols et une bonne gestion des cycles biogéochimiques. Miscanthus×giganteus, plante pérenne à rhizome est une des plantes « candidate » pour la production des carburants de seconde génération, en raison de son fort potentiel de production de biomasse, y compris en conditions tempérées. Dans ce contexte l’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse était de quantifier et caractériser les litières végétales recyclées vers le sol sous culture de Miscanthus, plus précisément les feuilles sénescentes,les racines et rhizomes de Miscanthus et d’étudier la minéralisation du C et N au cours de leur décomposition. Ce travail s’est appuyé sur un essai au champ de Miscanthus×giganteus, âgé de 3 à 5ans, implanté depuis 2006 à Estrées-Mons (Nord de la France), et croisant 2 dates de récolte (une récolte précoce avant l’hiver et une récolte tardive après l’hiver en fin de cycle annuel) et 2 niveaux de fertilisation azotée (0 kg N ha-1 et 120 kg N ha-1). Tout d’abord sur les litières prélevées sur cet essai,nous avons quantifié, caractérisé biochimiquement et étudié la minéralisation en conditions contrôlées des feuilles sénescentes, rhizomes et racines. Ensuite la dynamique de chute des feuilles au cours de la sénescence, leur accumulation sous forme de mulch à la surface du sol et les cinétiques de décomposition ont été étudiées au champ pendant deux années. Enfin nous avons étudié les effets de la disponibilité de l’azote sur la dynamique du C et N, la dynamique microbienne et des fonctions enzymatiques au cours de la décomposition de ces feuilles, en conditions contrôlées. La disponibilité en N a été modulée soit en apportant de l’azote minéral, soit en apportant des quantités croissantes de feuilles pour une quantité d’azote donnée. Nous montrons que le C stocké dans les trois " compartiments " recyclés potentiellement au sol est considérable : feuilles sénescentes (1à 3 t C ha-1 par an), racines (1 à 2 t C ha-1) et rhizomes (7 à 10 t Cha-1). Les rhizomes, ont une teneur en soluble-NDS de 25 à 35% et une teneur en lignine de 11 à 15% selon les prélèvements précoces ou tardifs, et une teneur en N élevée (0.7-1.5%). On observe en 263jours à 15 °C, une minéralisation des rhizomes représentant 61±8% du C apporté, supérieure à celle observée pour les racines (36±8%) et les feuilles sénescentes (53±4%). Nous montrons l’importance des feuilles sénescentes de Miscanthus dans le recyclage de matière organique vers le sol : le scénario de récolte précoce prive le sol d’un recyclage annuel de 1-3 t C ha-1 ; d’autre part qualitativement, la faible dégradabilité observée au laboratoire pour les feuilles est confirmée au champ, ce qui conduit à la formation d’un mulch important en épaisseur (2 à 4cm) et en quantité (équivalent à 6 à 7 t C ha-1).Enfin, une forte disponibilité en N accélère la vitesse de minéralisation du C à court terme. Ceci se traduit aussi par une augmentation du C microbien et de l’ergostérol, marqueur fongique, ainsi que des activités enzymatiques liées à la dégradation du C et N (xylanase, leucine aminopeptidase). En revanche, cette disponibilité forte en N réprime l’activité laccase. Nous montrons aussi que diminuer la disponibilité relative en N pour les décomposeurs, par ajout de quantités croissantes de feuilles dans le sol conduit à ralentir la croissance microbienne et fongique. Cette situation favorise très tôt l’installation de la biomasse fongique (augmentation du rapport ergostérol/C microbien) et son activité(laccase).Ce travail montre que la culture de Miscanthus permet potentiellement une forte accumulation de C organique, ce qui est favorable au maintien de la fertilité des sols à long terme. Il est maintenant essentiel de pouvoir prédire le devenir du C des parties souterraines de Miscanthus, dans la perspective de changement dans l’utilisation des terresTo control emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, NO), fossil fuels scarcity and their rising prices lead to consider the substitution of fossil C by the "renewable" C from plant biomass. This alternative strategy must be sustainable. In particular the massive export of plant biomass depriving soil of plant residues (eg cereal straws), and the growing of new crops specially perennial crops (eg miscanthus)questioned the cultural practices (dates and frequency of biomass export) essential for maintaining soil fertility and good management of biogeochemical cycles. Miscanthus × giganteus, a rhizomatous perennial grass is dedicated to second-generation fuels production, because of its high potential biomass production.In this context the main objective of this work was to quantify and characterize Miscanthus plant litter recycled to soil, more precisely senescent leaves, roots and rhizomes of Miscanthus, and to study the C and N mineralization during decomposition of these litters. This work was performed on 3 to 5 years old Miscanthus stands established since 2006 in Northern France (Estrées Mons), either fertilized with120 kg N ha−1 year−1 or unfertilized. The sampling of litters was performed in autumn (maximal biomass production) and winter (maturity). Firstly we quantified and biochemically characterized Miscanthus senescent leaves, rhizomes and roots. Then we studied their decomposition in soil under controlled conditions (15°C, -80 kPa) during 263 days. We also investigated in the field for two years the dynamics of leaf fall during senescence, their accumulation in the form of mulch on soil surface and the kinetics of decomposition. Finally we investigated under controlled conditions the effects of nitrogen availability on C and N dynamics, microbial dynamics and enzymatic functions during the decomposition of these leaves. N availability was modulated either by adding inorganic nitrogen, or by adding increasing amounts of leaves for a given amount of nitrogen in soil.Our results showed that the C stored in the three "compartments" recycled to soil is potentially considerable: senescent leaves (1 to 3 t C ha-1 year), roots (1 to 2 t C ha-1) and rhizomes (7 to 10 t C ha-1). The rhizomes had a high NDS soluble content (25 to 35%), a high N content (0.7 to 1.5%) and low lignin content (11 to 15%) depending on early or late harvest dates. we observed after 263 days of decomposition at 15°C a higher carbon mineralization from rhizomes 61 ± 8%, than that observed for roots (36 ± 8%) and senescent leaves (53 ± 4%). We also showed the importance of senescent leavesin the recycling of organic matter in the soil: the early harvest scenario deprives the soil of an annual leaves of 1-3 t C ha-1. Qualitatively, the low degradability observed in the laboratory experiment for the leaves was confirmed in the field. This leads to the formation of an important thick layer of mulch(2 to 4cm) and quantitatively (6-7 t C ha-1). Finally, a high N availability increases the C mineralization rate in the short term which was reflected by an increase in microbial C, fungal ergosterol, and enzymatic activities related to C and N degradation of (xylanase, leucine aminopeptidase). However, this high N availability suppresses laccase activity. We also showed that decreasing N availability for decomposers by adding increasing amounts of leaves in the soil leads toslow microbial and fungal growth. However, this situation favors an early installation of fungal biomass (increased ergosterol / microbial C ratio) and their activity (laccase).This work showed that the cultivation of Miscanthus potentially allows a large accumulation of organic C which is favorable to the maintenance of soil fertility in the long term. It is now essential to predict the fate of underground C parts of Miscanthus, in the perspective of change in land use, i.e.when the Miscanthus stands is to be replaced in field by another crop
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Loïc, Strullu. "Flux d'azote dans une culture pérenne à vocation énergétique, Miscanthus x giganteus: étude expérimentale et éléments de modélisation." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00563352.
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L'utilisation de plantes dédiées pour la production d'énergie est souvent présentée comme l'une des solutions pour limiter le réchauffement climatique et contribuer au remplacement des énergies fossiles. La production de biocarburants sera durable si elle contribue à réduire les impacts négatifs de l'agriculture au niveau global (émissions de GES), mais aussi local (lessivage des nitrates, consommation en eau). Les cultures énergétiques doivent satisfaire ces exigences tout en alliant un rendement élevé à l'hectare, afin de limiter la concurrence entre productions alimentaires et non alimentaires. Nous avons orienté la thèse vers la quantification du rôle des organes de réserve de Miscanthus x giganteus dans la nutrition azotée de la plante et l'analyse du cycle interne de l'azote dans la culture, en vue d'une modélisation fonctionnelle de ces processus à long terme. L'approche expérimentale s'appuie sur un essai de longue durée de 3 ans, croisant 2 doses d'azote et 2 dates de coupe. Dans une première partie, nous montrons que les traitements ont différencié la production de biomasse aérienne et la teneur en azote des rhizomes. Les réserves souterraines jouent sur l'accumulation d'azote et de carbone dans les parties aériennes au cours de la croissance le printemps suivant. Il existe des relations linéaires étroites entre les flux d'azote et l'état des organes source d'azote lors des phases de remobilisation de l'azote au printemps et à l'automne. Dans une deuxième partie, nous montrons que ce sont principalement les réserves en azote des parties souterraines avant le redémarrage de la culture qui expliquent les différences de production de biomasse en affectant l'efficience de bioconversion des rayonnements (RUE). Dans une troisième partie, nous mettons en évidence la faible proportion de recouvrement dans la plante de l'azote apporté par la fertilisation, grâce à un traçage au 15N de l'azote apporté. Nous montrons également que le rhizome absorbe en même temps qu'il remobilise. M. giganteus est capable de maintenir un cycle de l'azote conservatif : la quantité d'azote remobilisée à l'automne est du même ordre de grandeur que l'azote remobilisé au printemps. Enfin, nous concluons sur les acquis et questions sur le rôle de la mise en réserve de l'azote dans la nutrition azotée de M. giganteus. Ce rôle est primordial, via les processus de remobilisation et de mise en réserve de l'azote. Il a un impact direct sur la production de biomasse par la culture. Prendre en compte les réserves azotées des organes souterrains est indispensable pour aboutir à une modélisation opérationnelle qui permette de simuler la production de biomasse par la culture et les bilans d'azote sur le long terme.
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Ribeiro, Cristiane Junqueira. "Atividade anti-inflamatória de rizomas de Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli (“Chapéu de Couro”)." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1482.
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Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli é uma planta reconhecida popularmente por seus efeitos medicinais e teve sua monografia descrita em 2010 na 5ª edição da Farmacopeia Brasileira. Entretanto, apesar do uso de rizomas pela população, poucos são os estudos envolvendo esse órgão da planta. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a atividade farmacológica de frações semi-purificadas do extrato bruto metanólico de rizomas de E. grandiflorus. Em princípio foi realizado o estudo de 8 cromatogramas em CLAE-UV obtidos de extratos brutos etanólicos de rizomas frescos e secos nas diferentes estações do ano. Após este estudo, foi obtido o extrato bruto metanólico de rizomas que, posteriormente, foi fracionado por partição líquidolíquido (v/v) obtendo-se três frações distintas: fração em hexano/acetato de etila 9:1, fração em acetato de etila 100% e fração residual aquosa. O extrato bruto metanólico de rizomas assim como as frações, foram estudados através de análises por CLAE-UV e análise na literatura acerca dos constituintes químicos e comparação com os já observados em folhas. A fração em acetato de etila 100% foi utilizada para a avaliação da atividade antinociceptiva e antiinflamatória in vivo. Foram realizados os testes de contorções abdominais, formalina e placa quente frente à ação antinociceptiva e os testes de edema de pata e pleurisia, ambos induzidos por carragenina, para avaliar a ação antiinflamatória. Foi realizado ainda, o teste de produção de óxido nítrico por células J774.A1, teste relacionado à ação anti-inflamatória das três frações semi-purificadas. A citoxidade das três frações testadas foi verificada no teste de MTT. Os resultados demonstraram que os extratos brutos etanólicos e o extrato bruto metanólico são constituídos principalmente por uma mistura de ácidos fenólicos derivados do ácido hidroxicinâmico, com maior produção de constituintes na primavera e no verão. As frações semi-purificadas apresentaram constituições químicas diferentes, com destaque para a fração em acetato de etila 100% que concentrou a mistura de ácidos fenólicos derivados do ácido hidroxicinâmico. A fração em acetato de etila 100% não apresentou ação analgésica central, uma vez que não agiu na primeira fase do teste de formalina e também não aumentou o tempo de latência ao estímulo térmico no teste da placa quente. Entretanto, apresentou ação anti-inflamatória, uma vez que foi capaz de inibir a formação de edema de pata e diminuiu o volume do exsudato e o número total de leucócitos no teste de pleurisia. Quanto à avaliação da produção de óxido nítrico, a fração em hexano 9:1 acetato de etila inibiu de forma mais significativa a produção desse mediador inflamatório, porém as demais frações também demonstraram possuir essa atividade. As três frações não apresentaram ação citotóxica nas concentrações testadas.
Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli it is a plant popularly known by its effects medicinals and had described his monograph in 2010 in the 5th edition of the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. However, despite the use the rhizomes the population there are few studies involving this plant organ. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of pharmacological semi-purified fractions of the methanolic crude extract of the rhizomes of E. grandiflorus. The principle was carried out a study of eight chromatograms in HPLC-UV obtained from crude ethanol extracts of fresh and dried rhizomes in different seasons. After this study was obtained the methanolic crude extract of rhizomes which was subsequently fractionated by liquid-liquid partition (v/v) to obtain three different fractions: fraction in 9:1 hexane ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate fraction in 100% and residual aqueous. The methanolic crude extract of rhizomes and three semi-purified fractions were studied by HPLC-UV analysis and review the literatue on the chemical constituents and comparison with literature reports with those observed in leaves. The fraction in ethyl acetate 100% was used to measure the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. Tests were performed abdominal writhing, formalin and hot plate before antinociceptive testing and paw edema and pleurisy induced by carrageenan both to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action. It was conducted further testing production nitric oxide by J774. A1 cells, test-related anti-inflammatory action of the three semipurified fractions. The cytotoxicity of the three fractions was found in the MTT assay. The results showed that the crude ethanolic and methanolic extract are mainly a mixture of phenolic acid derivative from the hidroxicicinâmic acid, with greater production of constituents in the spring and summer. The semi-purified fractions showed different chemical constitutions with emphasis on the fraction of ethyl acetate 100% to a concentrated mixture of phenolic acid derivative from the hidroxicicinâmic acid. The fraction in ethyl acetate 100% showed no central analgesic action, since it did not act in the first phase of the formalin test and did not increase the latency time to the thermal stimulus in the hot plate test. However active-inflammatory action showed, since it was able to inhibit paw edema formation and decreased exudate volume and the total number of leukocytes in the pleurisy test. The assessment of NO production, the fraction in 9:1 hexane ethyl acetate inhibited more significantly the production of inflammatory mediators, but the other fractions also showed have this activity. The three fractions showed no cytotoxic action at different concentrations.
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Duquesne-Delattre, Charlotte. "Transformation chimique des cycloiridals en irones." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12549.
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L'absolue d'iris, obtenue par hydrodistillation puis traitement des rhizomes séchés est un produit très prisé en parfumerie fine. La maturation des rhizomes frais d'iris, qui dure traditionnellement trois ans, constitue une entrave au développement industriel de cette matière première. Cette étape est toutefois indispensable puisqu'elle permet la transformation des cycloiridals en irones, terpènes méthylés, par clivage d'une double liaison C-C trisubstituée aliphatique. Ces irones représentent environ 20-30 % de l'absolue d'iris et leur confèrent ce pouvoir olfactif tant recherché. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le mécanisme chimique régissant le procédé de maturation accéléré des rhizomes frais utilisé par la société Biolandes. En effet, malgré son efficacité, ce procédé donne un beurre dont la qualité olfactive n'est pas satisfaisante. Une meilleure compréhension du mécanisme mis en jeu permettrait une amélioration du produit. Dans ce but, nous avons appliqué les conditions du procédé, utilisant le nitrite de solium en milieu aqueux acide, ainsi que d'autres conditions similaires, à des oléfines aliphatiques qui présentent des analogies structurales avec les cycloiridals. Les résultats de ces nitrosations ont permis d'établir de façon indirecte que le clivage se fait dans ces conditions selon un mécanisme de nitrosation hétérolytique ayant pour intermédiaire clé une oxime. Des essais sur les extraits de rhizomes frais d'iris pallida Lam. Et sur des cycloiridals isolés, iripallidal et iriflorental, nous ont permis d'affiner nos conclusions et d'amorcer l'étude de l'amélioration de la qualité olfactive du beurre fabriqué par ce procédé.
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Ménard, Claire. "L’Insoutenable flexibilité de l’Être : réseaux et errances dans la littérature et le cinéma contemporains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080151.
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Cette thèse étudie les représentations littéraires et filmiques des évolutions sociétales dues à l’introduction des réseaux et de la flexibilité dans nos modes de vie contemporains. Mon approche s’attache à décrire la façon dont le rhizome Deleuzien peut être conçu comme un concept qui problématise la représentation de cette évolution. En effet, le rhizome est un concept qui définit l’espace discursif comme un lieu de connections et d’interconnections, donc comme un réseau. Pour Deleuze et Guattari, cette manière d’identifier le discours participe à une critique des catégories qui organisent le savoir et permet de mettre en évidence le caractère centripète et non-linéaire des structures qui régissent la création de sens, ce qui me permet de m’attacher à la description de nouvelles formes de représentations, de communication et de signification qui trouvent leur particularité dans leur nature polymorphe et leurs mutations constantes.Cet état de chose permet d’ouvrir le potentiel de créativité des arts et des agents d’innovations économiques et sociales. Néanmoins au XXIème siècle, le capitalisme fonctionne de plus en plus comme un rhizome, c’est à dire comme une structure polymorphe et en mutation constante, ce qui oblige donc de plus en plus les individus à s’adapter en permanence pour appartenir à ce nouveau monde flexible. Cette adaptation perpétuelle crée un malaise mis en évidence par le concept d’« insupportable flexibilité de l’être » (nommé de cette façon par l’auteure de cette thèse en hommage à Milan Kundera). Cette thèse analyse la manière dont cette flexibilité forcée de la société est représentée en cinéma et en littérature dans le travail de Jean-Echenoz, Jean-Philippe Toussaint, Michel Houellebecq, Marie Redonnet et Eric Chevillard, et dans les films de Leos Carax, Laurent Cantet, Nicolas Klotz, Noémie Lvovsky, Jean-Marc Moutout et Cédric KlapischThis dissertation studies representations – in contemporary French and Francophone literary fiction and feature films – of the developing condition associated with global markets and networking technology; a condition that the word “flexibility” aptly summarizes. My approach to this issue draws on the “rhizome” concept proposed by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari – that is, on the idea of a discursive space in which everything is connected and which therefore functions like a network. As the Deleuze and Guattari critique of categorization highlighted the non-linear and non-centrifugal nature of the structures governing the creation of meaning, it can also help us study new forms of representation, communication and signification which are by essence both polymorphic and in constant mutation. This state of affairs supposedly gives more room to creativity and innovation; it can be argued, nevertheless, that in the 21st century, capitalism itself behaves more and more like a rhizome, that is to say an ever-changing and polymorphic structure, which forces human beings to constantly adapt in order to fit into this world, thereby becoming more flexible. We have only begun to take stock of this ongoing process of enforced flexibility, and of the suffering that may result from it for the ever-adapting humanity that we have become. My dissertation calls this anguish or unease courtesy of Milan Kundera – “the unbearable flexibility of being.” This research aims at studying this anguish in French Contemporary Literature and Films in works of literature by Jean Echenoz, Jean-Philippe Toussaint, Michel Houellebecq, Marie Redonnet and Eric Chevillard and in films by directors such as Leos Carax, Laurent Cantet, Nicolas Klotz, Noémie Lvovsky, Jean-Marc Moutout and Cédric Klapisch
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Rasmussen, Ryan James. "Rhizome." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2967.
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The present manifests in a nebulous soup of imagination, and is a state of unbounded curiosity. It is a weaver who stitches what-has-been to what-will-be-has-been. My work prods an American sense of progress, and the effects it has on shaping our future from its seat in the present as it attempts to evade history.
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Novo, Maria do Carmo de Salvo Soares. "Efeito da palha de cana-de-açúcar e do tamanho de tubérculos no desenvolvimento da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-19052005-153811/.
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A mudança do sistema de colheita da cana-de-açúcar com o uso de fogo para a colheita mecanizada, chamada de cana verde ou cana crua, é um processo irreversível, gradativo porém contínuo, previsto na legislação estadual paulista. Um dos pontos críticos no processo produtivo da cana-de-açúcar é a interferência imposta pelas plantas daninhas. A tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) é uma das plantas daninhas mais prejudiciais à cultura da cana-de-açúcar entretanto, com a implementação da colheita mecanizada, o desenvolvimento desta planta poderá ser afetado. O objetivo do experimento foi verificar se a adição de palha de cana-de-açúcar poderia afetar o desenvolvimento de plantas de tiririca provenientes de tubérculos de tamanho pequeno (0,22 a 0,34 g) e grande (1,01 a 1,14 g), plantados em diferentes épocas do ano. O experimento foi instalado em casa-de-vegetação, em Campinas, SP e disposto em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Tubérculos dormentes de tiririca de tamanho pequeno e grande foram plantados em maio, julho e setembro e adicionou-se sobre o solo palha de cana-de-açúcar RB 855156, nas quantidades correspondentes a 0,0, 5,0, 10,0 e 15,0 t/ha. Em cada época de instalação do experimento, a cada 28 dias até 84 dias, as plantas de tiririca foram avaliadas quanto à altura média, cortadas ao nível do solo. As estruturas subterrâneas e aéreas foram separadas nas diferentes estruturas e avaliou-se suas biomassas frescas e secas e a área foliar. De modo geral, o tamanho maior dos tubérculos favoreceu o desenvolvimento da parte subterrânea. O número de brotações emergidas não foi afetado pelo tamanho de tubérculos mas, a altura média, área foliar e as biomassas das folhas e da parte aérea foram maiores quando originadas de tubérculos de tamanho grande. A adição de palha de cana-de-açúcar ao solo afetou mais as plantas originadas de tubérculos pequenos que de grandes. A adição de quantidades crescentes de palha de cana-de-açúcar causou redução no desenvolvimento nas diferentes estruturas subterrâneas, seguindo para todas as variáveis uma equação do segundo grau. Aplicações de quantidades crescentes de palha de cana-de-açúcar causaram diminuição no número de brotações, área foliar e as biomassas frescas e secas das folhas e da parte aérea total. A formação e o desenvolvimento dos rizomas e de tubérculos + bulbos basais, assim como das biomassas fresca e seca de rizomas e fresca de tubérculos + bulbos basais foram maiores no plantio realizados em setembro e menores nos de julho. Verificou-se que, exceto para altura média, o plantio de setembro proporcionou plantas com maior número de brotações, área foliar e biomassas fresca e seca de folhas e da parte aérea total. Para altura média, os melhores resultados foram observados no plantio de maio. Para todas as variáveis analisadas, o plantio de julho apresentou sempre os menores valores. Quanto ao efeito de época de avaliação, verificou-se que para todas as variáveis analisadas foram observados aumentos lineares em função do tempo.The change in harvest systems for sugar cane from use of fire to mechanical harvest, is an irreversible process, gradual although continuous, foreseen in the São Paulo State Legislation. One of the critical points in the productive process of sugar cane is the interference imposed by weeds. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is one of the most sugar cane crop-damaging weeds, nevertheless with implementation of mechanical harvest technology, which leaves a thick layer straw superior to 20 ton/ha, the development of this plant could be affected. This experiment aimed to verify if the addition of sugar cane straw could affect the development of purple nutsedge plants deriving from tubers of small (0,20-0,34g) and large (1,01-1,14g) sizes, planted at different times of the year. The experiment was carrIED out in glass house, in Campinas, São Paulo, in randomized blocks with four replicates. Tubers of small and large sizes of purple nutsedge were planted in May, July and September, and RB 855156 sugar cane straw was added, in quantities corresponding to 0, 5,0, 10,0 and 15,0 ton/ha. Every 28 days until 84 days after each planting period, the purple nutsedge plants were evaluated as to their average plant height, cut to soil level, and the aerial part was separated from the subterranean. The aerial and subterranean structures were separated, and evaluated as to their fresh and dry weights and foliar area. Generally, the larger sized tubers were more favorable to the development of subterranean parts. The number of emerged sprouts was not affected by tuber size; but plant height, foliar area and aerial part weights were larger when originated from large-sized tubers. The addition of sugar cane straw to the soil affected plants derivated from small tuber more than those originated from large one. The addition of growing quantities of straw caused reduction in the development of different kinds of subterranean structures, following for all variables one second-order equation. Application of growing quantities of straw caused a decrease in the sprouts number, area foliar and fresh and dry leaf and total aerial part weights. The formation and development of rhizomes and tubers + basal bulbs, similarly to the fresh and dry rhizome weights of tubers + basal bulbs were larger in September planting and the smallest in July. It was verified that, with exception of average plant height, the September planting generated a larger number of sprouts, foliar area and fresh and dry leaf and total aerial part weights. As for average plant height, the best results were observed at the May planting. For all analyzed variables, the July plantation always presented the smallest values. As to the time of evaluation, it was verified that all variables increased linearly in function of time.
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Hutte, Marie. "Développement des produits à haute valeur nutritionnelle à partir de la production du Canna à la Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0053.
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Canna edulis, une plante amylacée pluriannuelle, de la famille Cannaceae, originaire d'Amérique du Sud, accumule de l'amidon dans son rhizome. L'objectif des travaux de thèse est d'étudier la culture du Canna à La Réunion en fonction des conditions pédoclimatiques et des saisons avec caractérisation de la qualité des rhizomes selon ses stades de développements. Sept parcelles expérimentales sont suivies sur deux sites contrastés : la Plaine des Palmistes et Bassin Plat. Tout au long de la croissance des plants, des données sont enregistrées sur la qualité des sols, la pluviométrie, les températures moyennes, et le rayonnement pour caractériser les sites. Des indicateurs de stades de développements sont suivis pour informer de l'état de maturité des plants et évaluer l'effet des conditions pédoclimatiques sur leur développement. Des échantillonnages réguliers sont réalisés pour caractériser le développement et la composition des rhizomes mais également les propriétés technologiques et intérêts nutritionnels en fonction de leurs maturités. C'est ainsi que des dosages d’amidons, de sucres libres, en lien avec la viscosité et la gélatinisation, de même que les teneurs en composés phénoliques et leur activité antioxydantes, ont été évalués sur plusieurs types de produits intermédiaires : rhizomes lyophilisés, amidons ou fibres alimentaires. Outre son caractère innovant dans le domaine des procédés d'extraction d’amidon à forte valeur ajoutée, la particularité de ce travail de thèse réside dans le fait qu'il s'inscrit dans le cadre plus vaste de mise en place de la filière Canna et de sa valorisation agronomique, technologique et nutritionnelleCanna edulis, is a multiannual plant, from the Cannaceae family, originating from South America, that accumulate starch in its rhizome. This thesis work aims to study Canna’s culture on Réunion Island depending on soil, climate and season specificities using rhizome quality changes depending on the plants development stages. Seven experimental crops were followed at two contrasted sites: La Plaine des Palmistes and Bassin Plat. During plant growth, soil quality, rain, mean temperatures and solar radiation data were collected in order to characterize the planting locations. Development stage indicators were monitored to enlighten plants maturity status and evaluate soil and climate effects on their development. Regular samplings were scheduled to characterize the rhizomes development and composition but also their technological properties and nutritional interests as influenced by their maturity. Thus, starch, free sugars, viscosity, gel formation properties as well as phenolics contents and their antioxidant activities were evaluated on several intermediate products namely freeze-dried rhizomes, starches and dietary fibers. Besides its innovative nature on the high-valued starch extraction process field, this thesis particularity relies on the fact that it is integrated in the wide project of Canna culture settlement and its agronomic, technologic and nutritional enhancement
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Shockey, Sven. "Rhizome architecture." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56206.
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Chavosh, Ardalan. "Handbook of Waste and Network of Re-use." Thesis, KTH, Stadsbyggnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98819.
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The intelligent handling of waste is a pressing issue today. Up until the 19th century it had been however an integral part of societies especially when it comes to the waste generated by construction and demolition (Bahamon and Sanjines, 2010). After industrial revolution (1750-1850) which opened the gates of mass production and mass consumption followed and supported by two major forces of capitalism and the dramatic increase in world population, the generation of waste accelerated correspondingly and in a global scale. The mass extraction of natural resources on one hand (limited amount of natural resources), and the problems caused by waste landfilling and incineration such as pollution and diseases on the other hand, made us stop this linear extraction-to-waste trend and recognize recycling as a solution. Recycling chiefly addresses a sustainable approach to reduce the negative effects of waste and at the same time involves processing used materials (waste) into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials (Eco Cloud), however through recycling not only some energy has to be consumed to make this process run but also some portion of pollution would be generated as a side effect. What is more is that up until today recycling has been neither in many cases economically profitable nor has it been possible to recycle all the amount of waste. For instance In US- as the most consuming society on the planet Earth- only 34% of the municipal solid waste can be recycled and the rest ends up in either landfills or incinerators (EPA,2010). This project is to mainly focus on the definition of a rather comprehensive network (Network of Reuse) which sits right before recycling through which as much as possible of the total amount of waste could be directly absorbed back into the society (with minor changes in some cases) in different scales, the resultants of which would be claimed not to be only less energy consumption and less pollution caused through processing waste (as in recycling) but also avoiding a considerable amount of unrecycled materials from ending up in landfills and incineration. In fact the assumed network-which is simulated by the smart grid model- could be said to be a complementary section added to the existing trend today and is on no account against recycling. Like any other network, the network of reuse is based upon strategies, tools, and policies. The rhizomic growing structure of this network-that is in contrast to the tree structure of recycling- suggests a bottom up movement in handling waste and empowering people while the proposed time-line strategy is assumed to be moving from entertainment towards a coherent business network. In fact the project itself suggests the necessity of more bottom up structures to happen in our future planning. The entire project is highly founded upon research and could be applied in a variety of actual designs and concrete cases. Therefore, in this project no specific site is being addressed directly but the actual need for adding the supposed network is explored.
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Bond, Steven. "Control of rhizome growth in Alstroemeria." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11099/.
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Increases of temperature in the range from 8 to 18°C in vivo, significantly enhanced the dry weights of lateral rhizomes, roots and shoots. At the higher temperatures dry weight production was often seen to decrease. Decreases in irradiance from 100 to 50 per cent in vivo, produced significant decreases in the dry weights of lateral rhizomes, roots and shoots. In contrast, the numbers of lateral rhizomes, tubers and shoots were largely unaffected by temperature and irradiance treatments. Day length treatments of 8 to 16 hours light in a 24 hour period in vivo produced few significant changes in either the dry weights or numbers of plant parts produced. However, day length had a strong influence over the time of flowering. For maximum rhizome production a temperature of between 13 and 18°C, a high irradiance and a short day length were required. Increases of temperature in the range 8 to 18°C in vitro, caused significant increases in the number of lateral rhizomes and shoots produced. At the highest temperature the numbers produced often decreased. The number of roots produced was unaffected by temperature. Decreases in irradiance from 100 to 25 per cent and increases in day length from 8 to 20 hours light in a 24 hour period, produced no significant changes in the number of lateral rhizomes, roots or shoots produced in vitro. Low irradiance, however, caused etiolation of the shoots. For a good multiplication rate the requirements for the culture environment were a temperature of 15°C, an irradiance of 5 Win- 2 with a day length of 8 hours of light in a 24 hour period. The presence or absence of tubers and damage suffered by `splits' prior to planting were found to be important factors in the establishment of plants in vivo. Subculture of rhizome explants without aerial shoot or rhizome apices and of rhizome explants divided into single internodes with or without aerial shoots, enhanced the rhizome multiplication rate. Addition of the plant growth regulators triiodobenzoic acid, thidiazuron, α-naphthaleneacetic acid, gibberellic acid and paclobutrazol to culture media, with and without BAP, caused no significant changes in the numbers of lateral rhizomes, shoots or roots produced. However, paclobutrazol produced changes in explant morphology, i.e. shoot size was reduced and the diameter of roots was increased.
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Nohage, Jesper, and Simon Danielsson. "Ljud i rörelse : Att framhäva ljudens berättande potential." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för teknik och estetik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16605.
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Med detta kandidatarbete strävar vi efter att utveckla en förståelse och ett intresse för ljuddesignens berättande funktion. Detta strävar vi efter genom att tillämpa ett rhizomatiskt perspektiv i vår designprocess samt försök till att närma oss en icke-linjär designmetodik. Det rhizomatiska perspektivet används som en källa för inspiration, en väg till att finna nya lösningar och verktyg till berättandet. Vårt prövande av ljuddesignen gjordes i en filmproduktion där vi som ljuddesigners gjorde försök till att väva in ljuddesign under hela projektets gång och arbeta proaktivt för att skapa utrymme för vår design.With this bachelor thesis we seek to expand the understanding and interest of the narrative potential in sound design. We aim to do this by applying a rhizomatic perspective to our design process and attempt to approach a non-linear design method. The rhizomatic perspective is used as a source of inspiration, a way of finding new narrative tools and solutions. The testing of sound design was made in a film production where we, as sound designers, made attempts to weave sound design into the whole course of the project and work proactively to create space for our design.
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Silva, Andreson Leandro Santana. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE LARVICIDA DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DO Zingiber officinale Roscoe (GENGIBRE) FRENTE AO MOSQUITO Aedes aegypti." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/948.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-08FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO
Looking for the chemical alternative control against the Aedes aegypti mosquito, several researches are developed and stimulated aiming discover new insecticide substances of vegetal origin. In this work, from the extraction and analytical study of the essential oil of the rhizomes of the Zingiber officinale Roscoe, the larvicidal effect of the oil against larvas in third phase of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1792) was analyzed. The essential oil was extracted quantitatively by hydrodistilation. The essential oil physical-chemical proprieties (density, refraction rate, solubility, color and appearance) was determined. The oil was analytically characterized by infra-red (FTIR) and gas chromatography coupled to spectrometer of mass (CG-EM). The oil s CL50 was calculated from the Reed-Muench (1938) and Pizzi (1950) methods, respectively. The oil yield was 0.52% m/v. 18 components were identified in the oil, and the major presence of α- zingiberene was confirmed by the spectroscopic technics. The essential oil got CL50 76.07 (±2,24) μg mL-1. The results indicate that the essential oil evaluated is compound by substances that propitiate larvicidal effect against Aedes aegypti.
Na procura pelo controle químico alternativo contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti, diversas pesquisas são desenvolvidas e estimuladas no intuito de descobrirem novas substâncias inseticidas de origem vegetal. Neste trabalho a partir da extração e do estudo analítico do óleo essencial dos rizomas do Zingiber officinale Roscoe, foi analisado o efeito larvicida do óleo contra larvas em terceiro estágio do mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1792). Extraiu-se quantitativamente o óleo essencial por hidrodestilação. Determinaram-se as propriedades físico-químicas do óleo essencial (densidade, índice de refração, solubilidade, cor e aparência). Caracterizou-se analiticamente o óleo por infravermelho (FTIR) e cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrômetro de massas (CG-EM). Calculou-se a CL50 do óleo, a partir dos métodos de Reed-Muench (1938) e Pizzi (1950), respectivamente. O rendimento do óleo foi de 0,52% m/v. Foram identificados 18 componentes no óleo, e a presença majoritária do α- zingibereno foi confirmada pelas técnicas espectroscópica. O óleo essencial obteve CL50 de 76,07 (±2,24) μg mL-1 Os resultados indicam que o óleo essencial avaliado é composto por substâncias que propiciam efeito larvicida contra Aedes aegypti.
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Hirvelä, Link, and Juri Vinterfall. "Relationell Ontologi som designprocess." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för teknik och estetik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16556.
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Vad vi framför är ett alternativ till idealismen och vi bemöter det ideella med relationell ontologi. Vi jämför Peter van Inwagen (2011), Bryan E. Bannon (2011), Achille Varzi (2016), Gil C. Santos (2015) och Robin Durie (2002) för att skapa en förståelse för vad relationell ontologi innebär. Vidare väljer vi att använda Andrew Benjamins (2015) definition för vidare struktur av vår teoretiska metod. Denna konkretisering menar på att vår tillblivelse är skapad utifrån relationer, ett utbyte mellan singulariteter, de punkterna som definierar en artefakt eller ett fenomen. Vidare analyserar vi analog skissteknik och applicerar den analysen och dess beståndsdelar på digitala tekniker som bildredigering och 3D modellering i vad vi kallar den Rhizo – Singulär analys som process metoden. Vad vi får ut är ett alternativt sätt att skapa vilket vi väljer att definiera som relationell avbildning, med detta utmanar vi idealismen och de ideella mönsterbilderna (Ohlsson, 2013). Med andra ord att vi förhåller oss till en öppenhet och de förvrängningar inom sinnes – världen utifrån Aristoteles och estetiken enligt Danius, Sjöholm, & Wallenstein (2012). Vi diskuterar de val som vi gör i designprocessen och fortsätter att argumentera för öppna förhållningssätt och förståelse som vi hämtar och jämför från Benjamin (2015) och Deleuze & Guattaris (1987) rhizomen. Undersökningen och den metoden vi skapar kan bli förstådd samt tillämpad i flertalet variationer. Slutgiltligen att den teoretiska metoden växer och förändras utav personer i en plural händelse vilket är Rhizo - Singulär analys som processmetoden.We present an alternative to idealism and we meet the ideal with the concept of relational ontology. We compare Peter van Inwagen (2011), Bryan E. Bannon (2011), Achille Varzi (2016), Gil C. Santos (2015) and Robin Durie (2002) to create an understanding for what relational ontology is or could be. We choose Andrew Benjamin's (2015) definition to structure our theoretical method. This concretization means relations are fundamental for our becoming as people and objects. Relations are an exchange between singularities, the points which define an artefact or a phenomenon. Continually we analyze sketching techniques and apply that analysis and its components on digital techniques as photo editing and 3D modeling in what we call the Rhizo – Singular analysis as a process method. What we get from doing this is an alternative way of creating which we choose to define as a relational imaging, with this we challenge the idealism and the ideal pattern images (Ohlsson, 2013). In other words we approach to a openness and the material worlds distortions from Aristoteles and the aesthetics of Danius, Sjöholm, & Wallenstein (2012). We discuss the choices that we have made in the design process. We continue to argue for the open approach, the understanding which we gain and compare from Benjamin (2015) as well as Deleuze & Guattari’s (1987) rhizome. In other words the research, it's methods themselves can be understood and be applied in several variations. Finally the theoretical method grows and changes by people in a plural event that is Rhizo - Singular analysis as a process method.
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Perruchon, Véronique. "L'oeuvre théâtrale d'André Engel : machine et rhizome." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030125.
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Cette thèse explore et analyse l’œuvre théâtrale d’André Engel, metteur en scène français atypique. Depuis 1972, il travaille avec une équipe de création constituée des dramaturges Bernard Pautrat puis Dominique Muller, du décorateur Nicky Rieti et de l’éclairagiste André Diot. André Engel a d’abord créé ses spectacles dans des lieux inédits : haras, usine désaffectée, ancienne mairie, hangar, donnant naissance à des « Objets Théâtraux Non Identifiés » qui marquèrent le théâtre des années soixante-dix et quatre-vingt ; formes que la nécessité de travailler dans les salles fit évoluer. Attaché à la question du spectateur, André Engel a, tout au long de son œuvre, proposé un renouvellement de son statut. De la création « hors les murs » au théâtre en salle, du « détour » par l’opéra à la tentation du cinéma, l’œuvre d’André Engel, constituée en cycles, est une véritable aventure théâtrale, une machine au rhizome complexe qui sort des repères connus. Nourri de philosophie allemande, d’influences deleuziennes et de lectures situationnistes, André Engel est venu au théâtre pour changer le monde. Il crée des événements, des expérimentations, des situations, proposant de nouveaux espaces-temps dans un acte de résistance et de reconquête du monde qui s’associe à une poésie de l’errance, du voyage et de la dérive. Machine de guerre contre « la société du spectacle », le théâtre est, pour André Engel, le lieu et le moyen d’un combat contre le monde aliéné, pour la reconquête de l’authenticité du réelThis thesis explores and analyzes the theatrical work of André Engel, an unconventional French stage director, working since 1972 with a team composed of dramatists Bernard Pautrat followed by Dominique Muller, designer Nicky Rieti and lighting designer André Diot, as a creative ensemble. André Engel staged his first performances in unusual places : a stud farm, a disused factory, a former town hall, a warehouse, giving birth to « Objets Théâtraux Non Identifiés » : landmarks in the theatre scene of the 70s and 80s. The need to work in conventional theatre brought with it in an evolution of his art. Throughout his work, André Engel proposes a new vision of the status of spectator. From « hors les murs » to more traditional venues, from incursions into opera to the temptations of cinema, these cycles in André Engel’s work are a true adventure in theatre, a machine with a complex rhizome which does not tread well-beaten paths. Nurtured by German philosophy, by the thought of Gilles Deleuze and influenced by readings of the Situationists, André Engel came to theatre in order to change the world. He creates events, experiments, situations, offering as an act of resistance, new dimensions in space and time : re-conquests of a world associated with the poetics of wandering, travelling, being adrift. As a machine for war against « la société du spectacle » as Guy Debord calls it, theatre for André Engel provides the perfect place and means for fighting against a world of alienation, for re-conquering the authenticity of the real
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Vincs, Kim, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Rhizome/Myzone: The production of subjectivity in dance." Deakin University. School of Contemporary Arts, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051110.154532.
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Campbell, Madeleine. "Translating Mohammed Dib : Deleuzean rhizome or Sufi errancy?" Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5105/.
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There is a conceptual resonance between the rhizomatic habit in the world of plants and the perennial errancy in the (meta)physical world of man traversed by Mohammed Dib’s writing. In so far as reflective research and the practice of translation can ‘mirror’ the surface of their object, this project is a rhizomatic endeavour. It is a fragmentary journey into the desert, in search of the mysterious at’lāl, the trace of the sign, drawn and effaced and redrawn again by Mohammed Dib to reveal ephemeral truths about the self and its others. Dib’s focus migrates from early realist ‘socio-ethnographic’ novels in the 1950s to metaphysical explorations described by critics as ‘hermetic’, ‘mystical’ or ‘surreal’. The historical and the mystical, however, are two facets of the same inexorable acts of deterritorialization and reterritorialization in a precarious, often oneiric, universe. The ‘visions’ expressed in his poetics are couched in the elemental vocabularies of light and shadow, fire and water, space and duration and draw their substance from Sufi mystical scholars and poets. I posit that Dib’s nomadic contemporary writing arises from the place that lies between the sensible and the intelligible in Sufi mysticism, in a secular transposition of the Sufi Imagination: Dib neither constructs nor deconstructs. Rather, his singular style serves to hone an acutely experiential expression. Further, there is a sense in which each ouvrage is a heterotrope whereby his poetry and prose collections are inextricably embedded in each other, thus one is always in the middle of his universe. The ubiquitous entry point to this universe lies in the middle of his metaphorical desert, an aesthetic landscape stripped of idiocultural signification. Central to its lines of flight is the sign, both ephemeral and enduring, and what is enveloped in the sign is the non-signifying impact of its expression. I argue that Dib’s perennial re-assembling of ‘ces chaînes aux mailles d’acier qui sont mots’ (those chains with links of steel that are words) doesn’t so much ‘give rise to thought’ as ‘give rise to affect’.
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Bourne, Priscilla Ruth. "Making a Personal Rhizome: Application, Exhibition, and Dreams." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18783.
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This dissertation is my articulation of the on-going dialogue between the art world and my own creativity. I achieve this by describing my digital project called Perceptions where in association with Kenneth Yuen, I designed a virtual gallery. The fundamental principle of this virtual gallery is a place where insider or outsider artists can hone their creative concepts, ideas, perceptions, feelings, aspirations, and tools. In this paper, I analyse some of the entries I have made to this virtual gallery. As a recognized Sydney artist I unfold my practice in an Exhibition held in the Ray Hughes gallery of Surrey Hills. I exhibited paintings in the innovative media of cast resin through linen, glass crystal, and welded steel. I analyse a selection of a piece exhibited in this commercial show. The study also includes a section of my personal dreams. I analyse and interpret the interaction between my conscious life as an artist and my unconscious personal material as a female sculptor, painter, and author of my practice. My objective has been to flesh out the vesicular and multifaceted layers of artistic expression that are generated through my work. To explain in words, the hidden world of the constructed meaning of the un-escaped personal dynamic of my art making. This exercise has implicated the articulation of personal disclosures and explicit interpretations of my artworks and dreams. The virtual gallery Perceptions, the commercial exhibition Pushing Up Daisies, and my recorded dreams together construct my contribution to the rhizome that consists between, within and beyond the visible world of art practice.
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Browning, Helen. "Producing constellations : opening new documentary to rhizome theory." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15944/1/Helen_Browning_Thesis.pdf.
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Uncertainty is a documentary film about belief systems that human animals use to navigate the unknown and assign meaning to experiences. It acknowledges that we exist amidst the parameters of our own perceptual constructs. Our frameworks for navigation often range in degrees of openness to the unknown and to outside scrutiny.
I set out to explore these concepts through interactions with different individuals and social groups, each with their unique templates. I hoped to produce a stimulating film that engaged diverse audiences through diverse content.
Structural and stylistic considerations are paramount to my theoretical and post-production reflections on Uncertainty. Deleuze and Guattari's (1988) theory of rhizomes provides a good reference in terms of the cross-fertilisation of ideas, decentralised structure and different states of connection that I hoped to provoke through the film.
New documentary theory highlights a trend towards greater interaction between filmmaker, audience and subject (Bruzzi, 2000). This signals a growing understanding that striving for objectivity in documentary is redundant. Although it is a welcome development, discussion could be broadened in relation to filmmaker presence and interactivity, to include style and structure as modes of primary interaction for the filmmaker with the audience and subject. This exegesis approaches expanding the parameters for interaction to examples, such as Uncertainty, where the filmmaker is neither present in image or voice.
Texts that offer constellations of ideas, like a rhizome, provide an alternative to those following a more linear progression or centralised argument. Promoting greater connectivity and multiplicity in documentary is congruous with the current developments in communications and technologies.
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Browning, Helen. "Producing Constellations : Opening New Documentary To Rhizome Theory." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15944/.
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Uncertainty is a documentary film about belief systems that human animals use to navigate the unknown and assign meaning to experiences. It acknowledges that we exist amidst the parameters of our own perceptual constructs. Our frameworks for navigation often range in degrees of openness to the unknown and to outside scrutiny. I set out to explore these concepts through interactions with different individuals and social groups, each with their unique templates. I hoped to produce a stimulating film that engaged diverse audiences through diverse content. Structural and stylistic considerations are paramount to my theoretical and post-production reflections on Uncertainty. Deleuze and Guattari's (1988) theory of rhizomes provides a good reference in terms of the cross-fertilisation of ideas, decentralised structure and different states of connection that I hoped to provoke through the film. New documentary theory highlights a trend towards greater interaction between filmmaker, audience and subject (Bruzzi, 2000). This signals a growing understanding that striving for objectivity in documentary is redundant. Although it is a welcome development, discussion could be broadened in relation to filmmaker presence and interactivity, to include style and structure as modes of primary interaction for the filmmaker with the audience and subject. This exegesis approaches expanding the parameters for interaction to examples, such as Uncertainty, where the filmmaker is neither present in image or voice. Texts that offer constellations of ideas, like a rhizome, provide an alternative to those following a more linear progression or centralised argument. Promoting greater connectivity and multiplicity in documentary is congruous with the current developments in communications and technologies.
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Lundgren, Tobias. "Rhizomets retorik : Det digitala paradigmets subjekt och retorisk identifikation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för retorik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-339440.
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Monea, Alexander Paul. "Dissemination Rhizome: How to Do (Political) Things With Affect." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1354329062.
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Sears, Margaret Elizabeth Treen. "Propagation and characterization of Rhizopus biosorbents." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74018.
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Nualsri, Charassri. "Inheritance of rhizome expression in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus l.) /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9717176.
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Minning, Stefan. "Die Lipase aus Rhizopus oryzae: Klonierung, Expression, Reinigung und Mutagenese eines industriell relevanten Enzyms für die Biokatalyse und die Strukturbestimmung." [S.l.] : Universität Stuttgart , Fakultät Chemie, 1999. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8385930.
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Buyukkileci, Ali Oguz. "Investigation Of Sugar Metabolism In Rhizopus Oryzae." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608622/index.pdf.
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Rhizopus oryzae is a filamentous fungus, which can produce high amounts of L(+)-lactic acid and produces ethanol as the main by-product. In an effort to understand the pyruvate branch point of this organism, fermentations under different inoculum and glucose concentrations were carried out.
At low inoculum size (1x103 spores ml-1), high amount of lactate (78 g l-1) was produced, whereas high ethanol concentration (37 g l-1) was obtained at high inoculum sizes (1x106 spores ml-1). Decreasing working volume increased lactate production significantly at high inoculum sizes (1x105 and 1x106 spores ml-1), but did not influenced the physiology at low inoculum sizes (1x103 and 1x104 spores ml-1).
In shake flask cultures, at low initial glucose concentrations biomass yield was high and lactate and ethanol yields were low. Higher lactate and ethanol and lower biomass yields were obtained by increasing the initial glucose concentrations. In alginate immobilized, semi-continuous cultures with cell retention, glucose level in the medium was kept at low values. Like in shake flask cultures, as the glucose concentration decreased lactate and ethanol yields decreased and biomass yields increased. Increasing the glucose concentration by a pulse of glucose caused increases in branch point enzyme activities, as well as in concentrations of the metabolites. In fed batch cultures higher biomass yield (0.25 g DCW g glucose-1) could be obtained.
Lactate dehydrogenase was influenced by the inoculum size and glucose concentration more than pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase. It showed higher activity at lactate producing fermentations. Unlike lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase showed high activity even at low glucose concentrations.
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Kandiah, Mangayetkarasy. "Kinetics of extraction of the rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47496.
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Carneiro, Brito Elaine. "Le Rhizome patrimonial : analyser un mouvement hétérogène d'acteurs et de sens." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG1191/document.
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Cette thèse cherche à explorer les régimes de patrimonialisation des patrimoines, ou encore de patrimonialité des patrimoines, à partir des dynamiques sociales d’identification, de reconnaissance et de mise en valeur des objets dits « patrimoines ». Pour autant, s’opère une interprétation communicationnelle envisageant la compréhension d’une productivité discursive de la valeur patrimoniale. En d’autres termes, nous nous intéressons à la construction du sens patrimonial à partir du discours social. Ce travail s’efforce alors à décrire la patrimonialisation comme un mouvement qui se transforme et s’actualise à partir du discours des différents acteurs impliqués : détenteurs, amateurs, praticiens, associatifs, chercheurs, institutionnels, entre autres. C’est pourquoi nous considérons le discours depuis sa force illocutoire, ce qui nous permet de l’identifier comme une action qui vise « faire-faire » (Austin, [1962] 1970) ou encore « faire agir ». À cet égard, nous avons élaboré un dispositif méthodologique d’écriture webdocumentaire dans la finalité d’analyser sémio-pragmatiquement les différents discours collectés et provoqués lors des nos observations. Pour lors, notre dispositif méthodologique d’écriture webdocumentaire nous autorise la manipulation d’un ensemble de documents hétérogènes, c’est-à-dire l’organisation et la mise en forme, dans l’objectif d’exposer les possibles agencements d’acteurs et l’engendrement d’actions et de sens patrimoniaux. De cette manipulation, considérée comme l’« écriture intermédiaire » (Achard, 1994) de notre recherche, se manifeste peu à peu une conception « rhizomatique » (Deleuze et Guattari, 1980) de la patrimonialisation, où les acteurs sont tout à la fois agis et agissants de ce mouvement en perpétuelle transformation. L’idée d’un « Rhizome » des rhizomes patrimoniaux évolue durant les chapitres de ce mémoire de thèse nous révélant un mouvement patrimonial qui agence les acteurs et engendre les sens. Tel mouvement rhizomatique est notamment producteur de réflexions sur le passé « qui emprunte des signifiés au présent et ouvre les chemins pour le futur » (Mattos et Abreu, 2005)This thesis seeks to explore the regimes of patrimonialization of patrimonies, or patrimonial heritage, based on social dynamics of identification, recognition and enhancement of objects called "patrimonies". However, there is a communicational interpretation envisaging the understanding of a discursive productivity of the patrimonial value. In other words, we are interested in the construction of the patrimonial sense from the social discourse. Through the realization of two field surveys, in the city of Valença, in the region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and in the "Territoire des Garrigues", in the Occitanie region, in France, we question how an object material or immaterial, is likely to become heritage through symbolic productions. A third observation, of distinct characteristics, was important for the development of this research: it is the "Ninth session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage", an event which took place in November 2014 in the UNESCO Headquarters, Paris. This work attempts to describe the heritage as a movement that is transformed and actualized from the discourse of the different actors involved: owners, amateurs, practitioners, associations, researchers, institutional, among others. This is why we consider the discourse from its illocutionary force, which allows us to identify it as an action that aims to "make-do" (Austin, [1962] 1970) or "to make action". In this respect, we have developed a methodological method of webdocumentary writing with the aim of analyzing semio-pragmatically the different discourses collected and provoked during our observations. This device gives us the initiative to produce and manipulate different formats of documents, such as audio-visual, sound, photographic and cartographic. Added to this production is the collection of a heterogeneity of documents produced by the actors themselves or by third parties. Therefore, our methodological method of webdocumentary writing allows us to manipulate this set of heterogeneous documents, that is to say the organization and formatting, with the aim of exposing the possible layouts of actors. and the begetting of actions and patrimonial meanings. From this manipulation, considered as the "intermediate writing" (Achard, 1994) of our research, is gradually emerging a "rhizomatic" conception (Deleuze and Guattari, 1980) of the patrimonialisation, where the actors are at the same time act and act of this movement in perpetual transformation. The idea of a "rhizome" of heritage rhizomes evolves during the chapters of this thesis revealing a patrimonial movement that organizes the actors and generates the senses. This rhizomatic movement is notably the producer of reflections on the past "which borrows from the signified in the present and opens the way for the future" (Mattos and Abreu, 2005). Patrimonialization described as a "Heritage Rhizome" becomes an integrated exercise in the public space, also allowing us to open up to other conceptions of public space
Esta tese tem por objetivo explorar os regimes de patrimonialização dos patrimônios, ou ainda de patrimonialidade dos patrimônios, através das dinâmicas sociais de identificação, de reconhecimento e de valorização dos objetos ditos “patrimônios”. No entanto, opera-se uma interpretação comunicacional com o propósito de compreender a produtividade discursiva do valor patrimonial. Em outras palavras, nós nos interessamos pela construção do sentido patrimonial à partir do discurso social. Este trabalho esforça-se em descrever a patrimonialização como um movimento que se transforma e se atualiza à partir do discurso dos diferentes atores envolvidos : detentores, amadores, praticantes, associativos, pesquisadores, institucionais, entre outros. Portanto, consideramos o discurso desde sua força ilocutória, o que nos permite identificá-lo como uma ação que busca “fazer-fazer” (Austin, [1962] 1970) ou ainda “fazer agir”. Para tanto, elaboramos um dispositivo metodológico de escrita webdocumentária afim de analisar semio-pragmaticamente os diferentes discursos coletados e provocados durante nossas observações. Logo, nosso dispositivo metodológico de escrita webdocumental nos autoriza a manipulação de um conjunto de documentos heterogêneos, ou seja a sua organização e edição, no intuito de expor possíveis associações entre os atores e o engendramento de ações e de sentidos patrimoniais. Desta manipulação, considerada como a “escrita intermediária” (Achard, 1994) da nossa pesquisa, se descobre pouco a pouco uma concepção “rizomática” (Deleuze e Guattari, 1980) de patrimonialização, onde os atores são ao mesmo tempo agidos e ativos de um movimento em constante transformação. A ideia de um “Rizoma” dos rizomas patrimoniais evolui durante os capítulos desta dissertação de tese nos revelando um movimento patrimonial que associa os atores e engendra os sentidos. Tal movimento rizomático é particularmente produtor de reflexões sobre o passado “que empresta significados para o presente e abre novos caminhos para o futuro” (Mattos e Abreu, 2005)
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Fiasson, Arnaud. "Territorialité et nationalisme écossais : le rhizome du sentiment national (1707-2011)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20042.
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Les années 1707 et 2011 marquent deux dates singulières du nationalisme écossais. Alors que l’union des royaumes d’Ecosse et d’Angleterre laisse place à la formulation d’une identité qui revendique la spécificité de l’Ecosse sans pour autant remettre en question le pouvoir central britannique, la victoire du « Scottish National Party » aux élections parlementaires symbolise la montée au pouvoir d’un parti qui revendique l’indépendance politique de l’Ecosse. Cette thèse se propose d’étudier la nature du sentiment national écossais et de ses représentations en analysant le rôle joué par le territoire national dans l’élaboration de l’idéologie nationaliste. Nous utilisons les concepts de la territorialité et du rhizome, comme définis respectivement par Jan Penrose d’une part et Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari d’autre part, afin de montrer que l’exploitation des représentations du sentiment national écossais donne naissance à des conceptions territoriales divergentes qui façonnent aujourd’hui encore l’identité nationale écossaiseThe years 1707 and 2011 hold a particular significance in the history of Scottish nationalism. Whereas the union of the kingdoms of Scotland and England gave way to the negotiation of a Scottish identity held within the larger structure of the British State, the victory of the "Scottish National Party" in the parliamentary elections symbolises the rise of a party claiming political independence for Scotland to a position of power. This thesis explores the nature of Scottish national sentiment and its representations while analyzing the role played by the national territory in the construction of nationalist thought. The concept of territoriality developed by Jan Penrose on the concept of rhizome as defined by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari are used in order to demonstrate that harnessing the representations of the Scottish national sentiment spawned two diverging conceptions of the national territory which still shape Scottish national identity
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Oblin, Monique. "Le rhizome sous l'arbre : le virtuel au-delà des images lumineuses." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010533.
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Virtuel, le sens originel de ce mot éclaire les images issues des nouveaux langages. La vision orientale de l'intelligence est recherche de la vérité. La sagesse lshrâq'î dévoile l'importance de ne mépriser aucune 'des vertus de l'homme. Autour d'une rétlexion sur les arts numériques apparaît un virtuel, lien entre les plis multiples de l'humanité. La nature de l'homme est cette spiritualité, une capacité à être source de lumière. Les icônes de cette étude font converger des séries sacrées, spirituelles, poétiques, artistiques, sociales. Le virtuel éclaire certaines oeuvres jusque dans les mondes extrêmes occidentaux des langages binaires. Sous l'arbre des grammaires du logos vivent les liens nomades et rhizomiques de l'art et de la poésie, portes de la maison de l'âme. L'art et la poésie deviennent alors l'énigme de l'indicible, clé de la perfection perdue par le possible, un témoignage, un exemple de virtuel. La sagesse ramène ainsi Ie spirituel au plan de l'existence.
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Ge, Guozheng. "Rhizome : a feature modeling and generation platform for software product lines /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Sanewski, G. M. "Rhizome and fibre development in early harvest ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16286.pdf.
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Mota, Kelly Samara de Lira. "Atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de Thymus vulgaris L. e fitoconstituintes contra Rhizopus oryzae e Rhizopus microsporus: interação com ergosterol." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6819.
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Mucormycoses are infections that have high rates of morbidity and mortality. They show high resistance to antifungal agents, and there is a limited therapeutic arsenal currently available, therefore, there is a great need to give priority to testing therapeutic agents for the treatment of mucormycosis. Along this line, the use of essential oils and phytoconstituents has been emphasized as a new therapeutic approach. The objective of this work was to investigate the antifungal activity of the essential oil (EO) of Thymus vulgaris, and its constituents thymol and p-cymene against Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus microsporus, through microbiological screening, determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFCs), effects on mycelial growth and germination of sporangiospores, fungal morphology and interaction with ergosterol. Also was evaluated the preclinical acute toxicity in mice. In microbiological screening the T. vulgaris essential oil showed antifungal potential against resistant strains of R. oryzae.The MIC of EO and thymol varied 128 512 μg/mL, but the MFC of EO and thymol varied 512 1024 μg/mL and 128 1024 μg/mL, respectively. The results also showed that EO and thymol significantly inhibited mycelial development and germination of sporangiospores of both species of Rhizopus. Investigation of the mechanism of antifungal action showed that EO and thymol interact with ergosterol. These data indicate that EO of T. vulgaris and thymol possess strong antifungal activity, which can be related to their interaction with ergosterol, supporting the possible use of these products in the treatment of mucormycosis. In preclinical acute toxicology the doses of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) showed depressive activity on the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to these parameters was observed that the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg did not change the body and organs weight of the animals, but it was observed change some of the hematological parameters of the mice. The EO showed DL50 of 250 mg/kg for male and 459.6 mg/kg for female; however the thymol showed DL50 of 222.3 mg/kg for male and 1551 mg/kg for female. These data indicate that EO of T. vulgaris and thymol possess strong antifungal activity, which can be related to their interaction with ergosterol.
As mucormicoses são infecções que possuem elevadas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade, limitado arsenal terapêutico, devido a resistência aos antifúngicos. Portanto, existe uma significativa necessidade de priorizar, testar e aplicar melhorias terapêuticas para o tratamento das mucormicoses. É nesse contexto, que os óleos essenciais e fitoconstituintes vem se destacando como uma nova abordagem terapêutica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a atividade antifúngica in vitro do óleo essencial (OE) de Thymus vulgaris L. e de seus componentes majoritários (timol e p-cimeno) contra Rhizopus oryzae e Rhizopus microsporus, através da triagem microbiológica, da determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e fungicida mínima (CFM), avaliação dos efeitos dos fitoconstituintes no crescimento micelial, na germinação dos esporos fúngicos, na morfologia fúngica e interação com ergosterol. Também foi avaliada a toxicidade pré-clínica aguda em camundongos. Na triagem microbiológica o óleo essencial de T. vulgaris apresentou um dos melhores perfis antifúngicos contra cepas resistentes de R. oryzae. A CIM dos produtos variou entre 128-512 μg/mL, já as CFMs do óleo essencial e timol variaram entre 512-1024 μg/mL e 128-1024 μg/mL, respectivamente. Os resultados também mostraram que tanto o OE como o timol inibiram significativamente o desenvolvimento micelial e a germinação de esporos de ambas as espécies de Rhizopus. Em seguida foi mostrado que os produtos testados alteram a morfologia de R. oryzae e R. microsporus. Na investigação do mecanismo de ação antifúngica foi evidenciado que o OE e o timol interagem com o ergosterol, esterol presente na membrana dos fungos. No ensaio toxicológico pré-clínica agudo, as doses de 125, 250, 500 e 1000 mg/kg via intraperitoneal (i.p.) apresentaram atividade depressora do sistema nervoso central (SNC). Adicionalmente a estes parâmetros foi evidenciado que o OE e o timol nas doses de 125 e 250 mg/kg não promoveram alterações significativas na evolução ponderal e peso dos órgãos dos camundongos. Entretanto, ambas as doses das drogas-teste alteram alguns parâmetros hematológicos dos camundongos. Após 72 h de observação o OE apresentou DL50 estimada em 250 mg/kg para camundongos machos e 459,6 mg/kg para as fêmeas. Já o timol apresentou DL50 estimada em 222,3 mg/kg para os machos e 1551 mg/kg para as fêmeas. Estes dados indicam que o óleo essencial de T. vulgaris e timol, apresentam forte atividade antifúngica, que pode estar relacionada com a interação com ergosterol e consequentemente lise de membrana.