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Academic literature on the topic 'Rhizoctonia South Australia Molecular aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rhizoctonia South Australia Molecular aspects"
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Myburg, Henrietta, Marieka Gryzenhout, Brenda D. Wingfield, and Michael J. Wingfield. "β-Tubulin and histoneH3gene sequences distinguishCryphonectria cubensisfrom South Africa, Asia, and South America." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-039.
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Cryphonectria cubensis (Bruner) Hodges is the causal agent of an important stem canker disease of Eucalyptus. Previous phylogenetic studies based on sequence data have shown that C. cubensis is distinct from other species of Cryphonectria but that C. cubensis isolates reside in two distinct groups, consistent with geographical origin. Thus, isolates of C. cubensis from South America and South Africa grouped together but apart from those originating from Southeast Asia and Australia. These results were in contrast with the symptoms of Cryphonectria canker in South Africa, which are different from those observed elsewhere in the world. The aim of this study was to use more variable regions of the fungal genome to test whether South African isolates of C. cubensis are genetically distinct from those from other parts of the world. For this comparison, β-tubulin and histone H3 gene sequences were used. Specimens from South America, Southeast Asia, Australia, and South Africa were also compared morphologically. The phylogram emerging from the analysis indicated that South American and Southeast Asian Australian isolates resided in two well-resolved but closely related clades. However, isolates from South Africa were distinct from other groups. This is consistent with ecological aspects of the South African fungus, although no obvious morphological differences between the fungi from the various regions could be found. Our results suggest that the South African fungus represents a species distinct from C. cubensis occurring elsewhere in the world.Key words: β-tubulin, histone H3, molecular phylogeny, Cryphonectria cubensis.
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Yang, Y., and X. Wu. "First Report of Potato Stem Canker Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-5 in China." Plant Disease 96, no. 10 (October 2012): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-12-0388-pdn.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is grown worldwide as a major food crop. Potato stem canker is an important disease mainly caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 (4). In 2011, samples of potato stem canker were collected from 26 sites in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. Stem fragments taken from the margins of the healthy and diseased tissues were surface disinfected with 0.5% NaOCl for 2 min, rinsed with sterile water, then placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C in the dark. Twenty-two fungal isolates taken from single hyphal tips were identified as R. solani based on morphological traits. Colonies were light brown with abundant growth of mycelia and produced brown, irregular sclerotia after 20 days on PDA. Mycelium was branched at right angles with a septum near the branch and a slight constriction at the branch base. Hyphal cells were determined to be multinucleate (five to 13 nuclei per cell) when stained with 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Anastomosis groups were determined by pairing with reference strains (kindly provided by N. Kondo, Hokkaido University, Japan) (1), and six out of 22 isolates anastomosed with R. solani AG-5. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified from genomic DNA of the AG-5 isolates with primers ITS1 and ITS4. The ITS sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ946291 to JQ946296) were 99% identical to R. solani isolate AG-5 ND1 (GenBank Accession No. HQ629863). Therefore, based on molecular characteristics and the anastomosis assay, these six isolates were confirmed to be R. solani AG-5. To determine the pathogenicity of R. solani AG-5 isolates, potato seed tubers (cv. Favorita) with 3- to 5-mm sprouts were inoculated with wheat seeds (sterilized by autoclaving twice at 121°C for 1 h with a 24-h interval) colonized with each isolate (2). Wheat seeds were placed 10 mm above the uppermost sprout tip (one seed per sprout). Plants were incubated in glasshouse conditions maintained at 25 to 27°C. After 3 weeks, all inoculated plants showed symptoms of potato stem canker disease, whereas control plants inoculated with sterilized wheat seeds remained healthy. R. solani AG-5 was consistently reisolated from symptomatic stems, and the identity was confirmed by morphological and molecular characteristics as previously described, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Potato stem canker caused by R. solani AG-5 was previously detected in Australia, South Africa, Finland, and Japan (3). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solani AG-5 on potato in China. Besides previously reported AGs 1, 3, and 4 implicated in Rhizoctonia disease in China, AG 5 should also be taken into account when designing programs for disease management in potato. References: (1) W. C. Kronland and M. E. Stanghellini. Phytopathology 78:820, 1988. (2) M. J. Lehtonen et al. Plant Pathol. 57:141, 2008. (3) M. J. Lehtonen et al. J. Agric. Food Sci. 18:223, 2009. (4) L. Tsror. J. Phytopathol. 158:649, 2010.
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FANCIULLI, PIETRO PAOLO, CHIARA LEO, PETER CONVEY, FRANCESCO FRATI, and ANTONIO CARAPELLI. "Redescription and neotype designation of the Antarctic springtail Folsomotoma octooculata (Collembola: Isotomidae)." Zootaxa 4392, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.11.
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The growing interest in Antarctic collembolan species has led us to re-evaluate both the morphological and molecular aspects of different species adapted to the extreme Antarctic environment. The genus Folsomotoma includes nine species mainly distributed in Antarctic and subantarctic areas and a few additionally from Australia and South America. We herein designate the neotype of Folsomotoma octooculata (Willem 1901) and redescribe its morphological characters with particular emphasis on the sensory and ordinary chaetotaxy. Furthermore, based on analyses of both our new and previously published morphological data for F. octooculata, we propose a systematic key of the species for the genus.
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Gollan, Natalie, and Kate Barclay. "'It's not just about fish': Assessing the social impacts of marine protected areas on the wellbeing of coastal communities in New South Wales." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): e0244605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244605.
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Managing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is about managing human behaviours, but decision-making processes have traditionally focussed on ecological aspects, treating social aspects as secondary. It is now becoming more evident that an equal focus on the ecological and social aspects is required. Without the collection of information about social aspect such as impacts and sharing this as well as ecological information with communities, MPAs are at higher risk of opposition and social acceptability problems. This paper explores the development of a wellbeing framework to understand the social aspects, including the impacts of MPAs on the wellbeing of local communities. This research investigates two case study MPAs: Cape Byron and Port Stephens-Great Lakes Marine Parks in New South Wales, Australia. The MPAs are multiple-use and were implemented in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The research began with a review of the literature, followed by fieldwork, including semi-structured qualitative interviews with community members. Through thematic coding of the interview transcripts in light of the literature on assessing the social impacts of MPAs, a community wellbeing framework of domains and associated attributes was developed to investigate social impacts. Our analysis shows; first, local perspectives are crucial to understanding social impacts. Second, understanding social impacts gives insight into the nature of trade-offs that occur in decision-making regarding MPAs. Third, the intangible social impacts experienced by local communities are just as significant as the tangible ones for understanding how MPAs operate. Fourth, governance impacts have been the most influential factor affecting the social acceptability of the case study parks. We argue that failure to address negative social impacts can undermine the legitimacy of MPAs. We propose that the framework will support policymakers to work towards more effective, equitable and socially sustainable MPAs by employing much-needed monitoring of human dimensions of conservation interventions at the community level to shape adaptive management.
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Rizwan, Komal, Ismat Majeed, Muhammad Bilal, Tahir Rasheed, Ahmad Shakeel, and Shahid Iqbal. "Phytochemistry and Diverse Pharmacology of Genus Mimosa: A Review." Biomolecules 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12010083.
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The genus Mimosa belongs to the Fabaceae family and comprises almost 400 species of herbs, shrubs and ornamental trees. The genus Mimosa is found all over the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, South America, North America and Australia. Traditionally, this genus has been popular for the treatment of jaundice, diarrhea, fever, toothache, wound healing, asthma, leprosy, vaginal and urinary complaints, skin diseases, piles, gastrointestinal disorders, small pox, hepatitis, tumor, HIV, ulcers and ringworm. The review covered literature available from 1959 to 2020 collected from books, scientific journals and electronic searches, such as Science Direct, Web of Science and Google scholar. Various keywords, such as Mimosa, secondary metabolites, medicines, phytochemicals and pharmacological values, were used for the data search. The Mimosa species are acknowledged to be an essential source of secondary metabolites with a wide-ranging biological functions, and up until now, 145 compounds have been isolated from this genus. Pharmacological studies showed that isolated compounds possess significant potential, such as antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antiproliferative as well as cytotoxic activities. Alkaloids, chalcones, flavonoids, indoles, terpenes, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, amino acids, glycosides, flavanols, phenols, lignoids, polysaccharides, lignins, salts and fatty esters have been isolated from this genus. This review focused on the medicinal aspects of the Mimosa species and may provide a comprehensive understanding of the prospective of this genus as a foundation of medicine, supplement and nourishment. The plants of this genus could be a potential source of medicines in the near future.
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Potvin, Dominique A., Kirsten M. Parris, and Raoul A. Mulder. "Geographically pervasive effects of urban noise on frequency and syllable rate of songs and calls in silvereyes ( Zosterops lateralis )." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1717 (January 5, 2011): 2464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2296.
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Recent studies in the Northern Hemisphere have shown that songbirds living in noisy urban environments sing at higher frequencies than their rural counterparts. However, several aspects of this phenomenon remain poorly understood. These include the geographical scale over which such patterns occur (most studies have compared local populations), and whether they involve phenotypic plasticity or microevolutionary change. We conducted a field study of silvereye ( Zosterops lateralis ) vocalizations over more than 1 million km 2 of urban and rural south-eastern Australia, and compared possible effects of urban noise on songs (which are learned) and contact calls (which are innate). Across 14 paired urban and rural populations, silvereyes consistently sang both songs and contact calls at higher frequencies in urban environments. Syllable rate (syllables per second) decreased in urban environments, consistent with the hypothesis that reflective structures degrade song and encourage longer intervals between syllables. This comprehensive study is, to our knowledge, the first to demonstrate varied adaptations of urban bird vocalizations over a vast geographical area, and to provide insight into the mechanism responsible for these changes.
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Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo, Sandrine Ladevèze, Inés Horovitz, Christine Argot, Jeremy J. Hooker, Thomas E. Macrini, Thomas Martin, et al. "Exceptionally preserved North American Paleogene metatherians: adaptations and discovery of a major gap in the opossum fossil record." Biology Letters 3, no. 3 (April 10, 2007): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0090.
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A major gap in our knowledge of the evolution of marsupial mammals concerns the Paleogene of the northern continents, a critical time and place to link the early history of metatherians in Asia and North America with the more recent diversification in South America and Australia. We studied new exceptionally well-preserved partial skeletons of the Early Oligocene fossil Herpetotherium from the White River Formation in Wyoming, which allowed us to test the relationships of this taxon and examine its adaptations. Herpetotheriidae, with a fossil record extending from the Cretaceous to the Miocene, has traditionally been allied with opossums (Didelphidae) based on fragmentary material, mainly dentitions. Analysis of the new material reveals that several aspects of the cranial and postcranial anatomy, some of which suggests a terrestrial lifestyle, distinguish Herpetotherium from opossums. We found that Herpetotherium is the sister group to the crown group Marsupialia and is not a stem didelphid. Combination of the new palaeontological data with molecular divergence estimates, suggests the presence of a long undocumented gap in the fossil record of opossums extending some 45 Myr from the Early Miocene to the Cretaceous.
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Garrett, Andrew, Virginia Lannigan, Nathanael J. Yates, Jennifer Rodger, and Wilhelmina Mulders. "Physiological and anatomical investigation of the auditory brainstem in the Fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata)." PeerJ 7 (September 30, 2019): e7773. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7773.
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The fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) is a small (10–20 g) native marsupial endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Currently little is known about the auditory capabilities of the dunnart, and of marsupials in general. Consequently, this study sought to investigate several electrophysiological and anatomical properties of the dunnart auditory system. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded to brief (5 ms) tone pips at a range of frequencies (4–47.5 kHz) and intensities to determine auditory brainstem thresholds. The dunnart ABR displayed multiple distinct peaks at all test frequencies, similar to other mammalian species. ABR showed the dunnart is most sensitive to higher frequencies increasing up to 47.5 kHz. Morphological observations (Nissl stain) revealed that the auditory structures thought to contribute to the first peaks of the ABR were all distinguishable in the dunnart. Structures identified include the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, including a cochlear nerve root nucleus as well as several distinct nuclei in the superior olivary complex, such as the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, lateral superior olive and medial superior olive. This study is the first to show functional and anatomical aspects of the lower part of the auditory system in the Fat-tailed dunnart.
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Lipnitsky, A. V., A. M. Markin, T. N. Sharov, A. V. Toporkov, and D. V. Viktorov. "Current epidemiological situation on Particularly Dangerous Mycoses around the World and Forecast of Its Development." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 3 (October 5, 2018): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2018-3-25-31.
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The literature review focuses on epidemiological aspects of the spread of particularly dangerous mycoses across the world (coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis). Forecast of morbidity rates for the next few years is provided too. Out of all endemic mycoses, coccidioidomycosis, endemic for North America regions, poses the most dangerous threat. In case of the infection, complications are most likely to arise, including the dissemination of the process in immunocompromised persons. Histoplasmosis is also classed as particularly dangerous mycosis. It affects both humans and animals. It is endemic for North, Central and South America, as well as Asia and Australia. The most studied endemic areas of infection with blastomycosis are in the territory of North America, while paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic for Latin America countries. Analysis of academic publications on particularly dangerous mycoses over the last three years testifies to the increase in their morbidity rates around the world. This situation is associated, primarily, with the increment in the number of immunocompromised subjects. An important stage in the improvement of the agent diagnostics is introduction of advanced methods for early diagnostics of mycoses, in particular, molecular-genetic and genome sequencing tools. It could also allow for the detection of patients beyond the limits of endemic foci.
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Ristevski, Jorgo, Adam M. Yates, Gilbert J. Price, Ralph E. Molnar, Vera Weisbecker, and Steven W. Salisbury. "Australia’s prehistoric ‘swamp king’: revision of the Plio-Pleistocene crocodylian genus Pallimnarchus de Vis, 1886." PeerJ 8 (December 21, 2020): e10466. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10466.
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The crocodylian fossil record from the Cenozoic of Australasia is notable for its rich taxonomic diversity, and is primarily represented by members of the clade Mekosuchinae. Reports of crocodylian fossils from Australia date back to the late nineteenth century. In 1886, Charles Walter de Vis proposed the name Pallimnarchus pollens for crocodylian fossils from southeast Queensland—the first binomen given to an extinct crocodylian taxon from Australia. Pallimnarchus has come to be regarded as a large, broad-snouted crocodylian from Australia’s Plio-Pleistocene, and numerous specimens, few of which are sufficiently complete, have been assigned to it by several authors throughout the twentieth century. In the late 1990s, the genus was expanded to include a second species, Pallimnarchus gracilis. Unfortunately, the original syntype series described as Pallimnarchus pollens is very fragmentary and derives from more than one taxon, while a large part of the subsequently selected lectotype specimen is missing. Because descriptions and illustrations of the complete lectotype do not reveal any autapomorphic features, we propose that Pallimnarchus pollens should be regarded as a nomen dubium. Following this decision, the fossil material previously referred to Pallimnarchus is of uncertain taxonomic placement. A partial skull, formerly assigned to Pallimnarchus pollens and known as ‘Geoff Vincent’s specimen’, possesses many features of diagnostic value and is therefore used as basis to erect a new genus and species—Paludirex vincenti gen. et sp. nov. A comprehensive description is given for the osteology of ‘Geoff Vincent’s specimen’ as well as aspects of its palaeoneurology, the latter being a first for an extinct Australian crocodyliform. The newly named genus is characterized by a unique combination of premaxillary features such as a distinctive arching of the anterior alveolar processes of the premaxillae, a peculiar arrangement of the first two premaxillary alveoli and a large size disparity between the 3rd and 4th premaxillary alveoli. These features presently allow formal recognition of two species within the genus, Paludirex vincenti and Paludirex gracilis comb. nov., with the former having comparatively more robust rostral proportions than the latter. The Paludirex vincenti holotype comes from the Pliocene Chinchilla Sand of the Darling Downs, south-eastern Queensland, whereas the material assigned to Paludirex gracilis is from the Pleistocene of Terrace Site Local Fauna, Riversleigh, northwest Queensland. Phylogenetic analyses recover Paludirex vincenti as a mekosuchine, although further cladistic assessments are needed to better understand the relationships within the clade.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rhizoctonia South Australia Molecular aspects"
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Matthew, Jamie Scott. "Molecular diversity between anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Adelaide." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm437.pdf.
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Journal article co-authored by the author inserted at end (Plant pathology (1991) 40, 67-77) Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-167) Describes the isolation of antibody and DNA probes which vary in their reaction to different anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani. Evidence is presented to show that isolates from anastomosis group 8 are biochemically distinct from isolates in other anastomosis groups found in South Australia.
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Balali-Dehkordi, Gholam Reza. "Genetic variation of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 in South Australia." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb171.pdf.
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Three pages of addenda pasted inside back cover. Bibliography: leaves 166-189. Rhizoctonia solani is a complex species comprising morphologically basidiomycetous imperfect fungi. This study aimed to determine genetic diversity within R. solani AG-3 causing rhizoctonia disease of potato in South Australia. For this purpose, pectic zymogram, PCR, DNA fingerprinting and RFLP techniques were used in conjunction with traditional plant pathology procedures.
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Matthew, Jamie Scott. "Molecular diversity between anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani / by Jamie Scott Matthew." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21613.
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Journal article co-authored by the author inserted at end (Plant pathology (1991) 40, 67-77)Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-167)
xxv, 167 leaves : ill., plates ; 30 cm.
Describes the isolation of antibody and DNA probes which vary in their reaction to different anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani. Evidence is presented to show that isolates from anastomosis group 8 are biochemically distinct from isolates in other anastomosis groups found in South Australia.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Sciences, 1992
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Stodart, Benjamin John. "Molecular characterisation of Rhizoctonia Solani Anastomosis group 2 / Benjamin John Stodart." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21849.
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"May 2002"Bibliography: leaves 160-171.
xi, 189 leaves : ill. (some col.), plates (some col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Applied and Molecular Ecology, 2002
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Balali-Dehkordi, Gholam Reza. "Genetic variation of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 in South Australia / by Gholam Reza Balali-Dehkordi." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18686.
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Three pages of addenda pasted inside back cover.Bibliography: leaves 166-189.
xii, 189, [12] leaves, [24] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.), map ; 30 cm.
Rhizoctonia solani is a complex species comprising morphologically basidiomycetous imperfect fungi. This study aimed to determine genetic diversity within R. solani AG-3 causing rhizoctonia disease of potato in South Australia. For this purpose, pectic zymogram, PCR, DNA fingerprinting and RFLP techniques were used in conjunction with traditional plant pathology procedures.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Crop Protection, 1996?