Journal articles: 'Rhizobium leguminosarum'

1

Enibukun, Jesupemi Mercy, and Bolatito Esther Boboye. "Molecular characterization and evaluation of crude oil remediation potential of some rhizobia isolated from plant root nodules." Nova Biotechnologica et chimica 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/nbc.v19i1.580.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aimed to determine the molecular identities and genetic relatedness of rhizobia isolated from pigeon pea and pinto beans, and assess their remediation potential in the presence of 1 %, 3 % and 5 % (w/v) crude oil in minimal medium for 7 days incubation period. Standard microbiological and molecular methods which include amplification and purification of 16S rRNA, agarose gel electrophoresis, and sequencing. Results showed molecular identities of six rhizobia from pigeon peas as Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA122, Rhizobium leguminosarum WSM2304, Bradyrhizobium japonicum N61, Rhizobium leguminosarum N741, Rhizobium leguminosarum BIHIB1217, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109; and three rhizobia obtained from pinto beans were Rhizobium leguminosarum N871, Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 and Bradyrhizobium japonicum SEMIA5079. All tested rhizobia (9) showed petroleum degradation ability, as they all grew in the 1, 3 and 5 % (w/v) crude oil minimal medium under laboratory conditions. B. diazoefficiens USDA122 showed the highest optical density (OD) value of 1.184 ± 0.05 on 7th day at 1 % (w/v) crude oil contamination, while R. leguminosarum N741 has the lowest OD value of 0.372 ± 0.02 at 5 % (w/v) crude oil on 7th day. For all the rhizobia, increase occurred throughout incubation period at 1, 3 and 5 % (w/v) except Rhizobium leguminosarum N741 and R. leguminosarum BIHIB1217. In conclusion, the association of R. leguminosarum BIHIB1217 and R. leguminosarum N871 from pigeon pea and pinto beans respectively, were found most effective in crude oil degradation and thus they are recommended as a promising association for remediation of crude oil spilled soils.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Kucey, R. M. N., and M. F. Hynes. "Populations of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovars phaseoli and viceae in fields after bean or pea in rotation with nonlegumes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-107.

Full text

Abstract:

Populations of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaesoli and bv. viceae in southern Alberta soils were measured over a period of 4 years using a most probable number method. Five fields cropped to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), five fields cropped to pea (Pisum sativum L.), and two fields cropped to wheat were used as test sites. Legume crops had received appropriate legume inoculants. Fields were sampled in the fall of the crop year and in the spring of the following 3 years during which fields were cropped to nonlegumes or left fallow. Numbers of R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli were 100 to 1000 times higher in fields that had been planted to bean than in fields that had been planted to pea or wheat. Fields that had been planted to pea maintained populations of R. leguminosarum bv. viceae 10 to 100 times higher than fields that had been planted to bean or wheat. Wheat fields, which had never had legumes grown in them, contained between 1 and 100 rhizobia per gram of soil of both biovars of R. leguminosarum, indicating that both biovars are native to southern Alberta soils. The numbers of rhizobia did not decrease in proportion to the population of other bacteria in the soil over the duration of the experiment. Plasmid profiles of soil Rhizobium isolates obtained in the last year of the experiment showed that none of the isolates had plasmid profiles similar to those of strains added as inoculants in the 1st year of the experiment. These results show that fields cropped to legumes and receiving rhizobial inoculants in this study maintained high populations of rhizobia for several years after harvest of the legume crop.Key words: Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae, nodule, plasmid profiles, inoculum potential, rhizobium competition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Materon, L. A., J. D. H. Keatinge, D. P. Beck, N. Yurtsever, K. Karuc, and S. Altuntas. "The Role of Rhizobial Biodiversity in Legume Crop Productivity in the West Asian Highlands." Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 4 (October 1995): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700026466.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYThe native rhizobia capable of symbiosis with annually-sown food and forage legume crops in the Turkish highlands were surveyed and estimates made of the numbers and nitrogen fixing efficiency of native Rhizobium leguminosarum with Turkish cultivars of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and vetch (Vicia sativa L.). Native rhizobia were present in medium to high numbers in most samples but the nitrogen fixation efficiency of at least half of the isolates was poor. Vetch was somewhat less specific in its rhizobial compatibility than lentil, suggesting a potential for artificial inoculation to improve the productivity and sustainability of cropping in both species especially in areas of central and eastern Anatolia where legumes are not traditionally grown.Biodiversidad en el Rhizobium leguminosarum

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Cubo, Teresa, Francisco Romero, Jose M. Vinardell, and Jose E. Ruiz-Sainz. "Expression of the Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli melA Gene in Other Rhizobia Does Not Require the Presence of the nifA Gene." Functional Plant Biology 24, no. 2 (1997): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp96076.

Full text

Abstract:

Many different Rhizobium strains produce melanin (Mel+) when grown on solid media supplemented with L-tyrosine. The composition of the media and the culture conditions are of great importance for pigment production. Previous reports showed that some Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli strains that produce the pigment in complete solid media (TY) failed to produce the pigment in minimal media (SY) supplemented with L-tyrosine or in TY liquid media. In this paper we have investigated different R. fredii, R. meliloti, R. etli and R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii and phaseoli strains (all of them Mel+ in solid media) for their ability to produce the pigment in liquid media. All Rhizobium species tested, except Rhizobium etli, were Mel+ in liquid media and in all cases the pigment yielded maximum absorption peaks at 280 and 315 nm. Melanin production by other bacteria (such as Vibrio, Streptomyces or Azospirillum) is enhanced by the presence of amino acids other that tyrosine. In this paper we show that the addition of L-methionine, which is not a precursor of rhizobial melanins, stimulated pigment production by Rhizobium cultures supplemented with L-tyrosine. The role of melanin production by Rhizobium strains is unclear. One hypothesis is that the Rhizobium tyrosinase, a bifunctional copper-containing enzyme that is essential for melanin biosynthesis, could detoxify polyphenolic compounds which might accumulate in senescing nodules. We show here that R. etli and R. fredii bacteroids produced melanin, which supports the idea that bacteroids contain the enzyme tyrosinase. Previous reports showed that, in R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain 8002, the expression of the tyrosinase gene (melA) is dependent on the presence of nifA, a regulatory gene that is located in the symbiotic plasmid. However, transfer of R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli melA gene to pSym-cured derivatives of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii and viciae, R. fredii and Rhizobium sp. (Hedysarum) produced Mel+ transconjugants. DNA-hybridisation experiments showed that the pSym-cured strains did not contain any copy of nifA. Therefore, in contrast to the results reported on R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain 8002, the expression of the melA gene in other rhizobia is not nifA-dependent. Key words: Rhizobium, melanin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Shahzad, Farood, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Ferhat Abbas, Muhammad Shafee, Safed Ahmed Essote, Imran Taj, and Abdul Manan Achakzai. "Microbiological studies on Rhizobium leguminosarum isolated from pea (Pisum sativum L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 1223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i4.49079.

Full text

Abstract:

Rhizobia are the true bacteria that establish symbiotic relationship leading to the development of new root nodules. This study has been designed to evaluate the microbiological aspects of Rhizobium leguminosarum in target area. A total of 1000 (200 from each site) roots were collected from five different agriculture fields (Quetta, Pishin, Killa Abdulla, Kuchlak and Hanna Urak) and screened through different standard microbiological procedures. Results revealed that 665/1000 (66.5%) roots samples were positive for Rhizobium leguminosarum. The highest percentage was from Pishin 180/200 (18%) and Killa Abdullah 160/200 (16%). A remarkable growth of Rhizobium leguminosarum was noted at 28 to 30°C whereas, less growth was recorded at 24, 34 and 42°C. Similarly, Rhizobium leguminosarum showed growth at pH 5 to 10, but superlative pH values for the growth of Rhizobium leguminosarum were from 6 to 8 pH. The PCR reconfirmed 1300 bp band of 16S rRNA gene of Rhizobium leguminosarum. The organism was further applied as biofertilizer and showed promising results in subjected plants. Medicinal plants application showed that Rhizobium leguminosarum was sensitive to different plants. However, the effects of insecticides showed that Cypermethrin exhibited least zone of inhibition 10 and 11 mm, while Chlorpyrifos showed least zone of inhibition 14 and 17 mm by using disc and well method with (1: 16) dilution. These findings ensure the devastation of microbiota in rhizosphere with rational use of these pesticides that may result in adverse effects over crop productions in the region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Velázquez, Encarna, Esperanza Martı́nez-Romero, Dulce Nombre Rodrı́guez-Navarro, Martha E. Trujillo, Antonio Daza, Pedro F. Mateos, Eustoquio Martı́nez-Molina, and Peter van Berkum. "Characterization of Rhizobial Isolates of Phaseolus vulgaris by Staircase Electrophoresis of Low-Molecular-Weight RNA." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 1008–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.2.1008-1010.2001.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Low-molecular-weight (LMW) RNA molecules were analyzed to characterize rhizobial isolates that nodulate the common bean growing in Spain. Since LMW RNA profiles, determined by staircase electrophoresis, varied across the rhizobial species nodulating beans, we demonstrated that bean isolates recovered from Spanish soils presumptively could be characterized as Rhizobium etli,Rhizobium gallicum, Rhizobium giardinii,Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae and bv. trifolii, andSinorhizobium fredii.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Trinick, Michael J., Celia Miller, and Paul A. Hadobas. "Formation and structure of root nodules induced on Macroptilium atropurpureum inoculated with various species of Rhizobium." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 1520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-196.

Full text

Abstract:

Fifteen strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii formed ineffective nodules and (or) nodule-like structures (rhizobia were re-isolated from both structures) on Macroptilium atropurpureum grown in enclosed glass tubes. Bacteria were observed among the parenchyma cells surrounding the nodule-like structures. One variant of R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii (NGR66/ST) isolated from M. atropurpureum formed nodules on this host that exhibited abnormal intercellular and intracellular infection. The bacteria (NGR66/ST) were contained within threadlike structures, surrounded by matrix material. The identities of the Rhizobium strains were confirmed serologically after reisolation and in sections of nodule tissue using immunogold labelling. Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli strain NGR76 isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris formed nodules on M. atropurpureum resembling those formed by effective Bradyrhizobium strains. The association was partially effective in nitrogen fixation, and this was reflected in the nodule structure. The percentage of cells infected was lower than that in fully effective nodules. There was a high frequency of infected cells showing degeneration; these were located throughout the nodule tissue and were often adjacent to healthy infected cells. The rhizobia appeared to infect new nodule cells via infection threads, which were abundant both intercellularly and intracellularly in young, mature, and degenerating host nodule cells. Strains of R. leguminosarum biovar viceae and Rhizobium meliloti were unable to induce nodule-like structures on M. atropurpureum. Key words: Macroptilium, Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, microscopy, nodule, structure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

George, M. L. C., J. P. W. Young, and D. Borthakur. "Genetic characterization of Rhizobium sp. strain TAL1145 that nodulates tree legumes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-034.

Full text

Abstract:

Rhizobium sp. strain TALI 145 nodulates Leucaena ieucocephaia and Phaseolus vulgaris, in addition to a wide range of tropical tree legumes. Six overlapping clones that complemented nodulation defects in leucaena and bean rhizobia were isolated and a 40-kb map of the symbiosis region was constructed. The common nod and nifA genes were situated approximately 17 kb apart, with the nodlJ genes in between. These clones enabled a derivative of TAL1145 carrying a partially deleted pSym to form ineffective nodules on both leucaena and bean, and a similar derivative of Rhizobium etli TAL182 to form ineffective nodules on bean. When two representative clones, pUHR9 and pUHR114, were each transferred to wild-type rhizobial strains, they allowed ineffective nodulation by Rhizobium meliloti on both leucaena and bean and by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae on bean. Transconjugants of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii formed effective nodules on leucaena and ineffective nodules on bean. Tn5 mutagenesis of the symbiosis region resulted in a variety of nodulation and fixation phenotypes on leucaena and bean. On the basis of 16S rRNA sequences, TAL1145 was found to be distinct from both R. tropici and NGR234, the two groups of leucaena symbionts that were previously described.Key words: Rhizobium, Leucaena leucocephala, nodulation, nitrogen fixation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Krugova, O. D., and N. M. Mandrovskaya. "THE NODULATION COMPETITIVENESS OF TN5-MUTANTS RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM BV. VICIAE." Agriciltural microbiology 6 (February 20, 2008): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.6.18-28.

Full text

Abstract:

There has been studied the nodulation competitiveness of Tn5 mutants of pea rhizobia which were obtained from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 263 б and which had high nitrogen fixing activity and promoted the increase of both nodule number and aboveground biomass in comparison with wild strains. It was shown that the competition ability of M1 and М68 mutants did not differ from the competitive ability of strains 263 б and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 245 a of industrial strains.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Soberón-Chávez, Gloria, and Rebeca Nájera. "Isolation from soil of Rhizobium leguminosarum lacking symbiotic information." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-071.

Full text

Abstract:

Bacteria resembling Rhizobium leguminosarum, but lacking symbiotic information, were isolated from soil of two different geographical origins. One of these bacteria belongs to a previously described Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli somatic serogroup, is fully complemented for nodulation and nitrogen fixation by an R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli symbiotic plasmid, and is able to compete for bean nodulation with indigenous R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strains. This is the first report giving evidence for persistence in soil of Rhizobium lacking symbiotic information.Key words: Rhizobium ecology, symbiotic plasmid, nodulation, plasmid transfer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

RENNIE, R. J., and G. A. KEMP. "TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE NODULATION AND N2 FIXATION OF Rhizobium leguminosarum BIOVAR Phaseoli STRAINS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-024.

Full text

Abstract:

Two strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli, both previously Nod+Fix+ and efficient in N2 fixation, now have altered symbiotic properties presumably through spontaneous mutation. Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli strain RCR 3605 was Nod−Fix− in a cool growth temperature regime (14–23 °C) and Nod+Fix− in a warm regime (17–23 °C) on seven of nine bean cultivars studied. Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli strain CIAT 57 was Nod+Fix− in both temperature regimes. CIAT 57 and RCR 3605 are synonyms for strains derived from the same parent strain but housed in different culture collections. The nodulation deficiency in CIAT 57 is presumably genetically predetermined in the bacterium rather than in the plant because no Nod+Fix+ phenotype was identified on nine bean cultivars tested. A control R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli strain, RCR 3644, was efficient on all cultivars. In the warm temperature regime, the Nod+Fix− phenotype was observed with strain RCR 3605 only on some cultivars, suggesting that the host plant genome played a role in this ineffective symbiosis. It is likely that deleterious genetic mutations during prolonged storage may be altering the N2-fixing ability of these rhizobial strains and that commercial inoculants must be continually monitored for symbiotic performance of strains with a variety of host plant cultivars. Key words: Field bean, Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli, N2 fixation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Vershinina, Z. R., Lavina, and O. V. Chubukova. "Exopolysaccharides of Rhizobium leguminosarum — an overview." Biomics 12, no. 1 (2020): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2020-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Chakrabarti, S. K., A. K. Mishra, and P. K. Chakrabartty. "DNA homology studies of rhizobia from Cicer arietinum L." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-096.

Full text

Abstract:

The taxonomic status of rhizobia which infect Cicer arietinum is poorly defined. Historically these organisms have been placed under Rhizobium leguminosarum; however, later reports suggested that they be treated as a separate cross-inoculation group. Therefore, DNA homology tests were carried out with various rhizobia. The data indicate that rhizobia from Cicer cannot be placed under any of the recognised species of Rhizobium.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

KUCEY, R. M. N. "RESPONSES OF FIELD BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) TO LEVELS OF Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli INOCULATION IN SOILS CONTAINING EFFECTIVE R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli POPULATIONS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-053.

Full text

Abstract:

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effect of adding Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli inocula to field beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) growing in soils already containing R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli. Indigenous R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli populations in the 12 soils used ranged from 1.1 × 101 to 4 × 105 rhizobia g−1 of soil. Antibiotic-resistant isolates of R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain 3644 were used as inocula and inoculum levels ranged from 104 to 108 bacteria per seed. N-15 isotope dilution methods with barley as a nonfixing control plant were used to determine N2 fixation levels. Bean plants grown in soils containing greater than 8 × 10 R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli did not show positive responses to added rhizobia, except in one soil where the inoculum formed a significant proportion of nodules on inoculated plants. Plants growing in soils with less than 8 × 103R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli did show increased levels of plant N accumulation and dry matter production in response to rhizobium addition if the level of soil mineral N was less than 25 μg N g−1 soil. Nodule occupancy by the marked R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli isolate increased only in soils containing 8 × 103R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli or less. The resident population of rhizobia in many of the soils was determined to be effective in N2 fixation since the proportion of N derived from N2 fixation did not increase in response to inoculation. Increasing the number of R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli added per seed from 104 to 108 did not generally increase the effectiveness of the added inocula. Responses of beans to R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli inoculation can only be expected in soils with low levels of resident R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli and mineral N.Key words: Field bean, nodule occupancy, N-15 dilution, competition, N2 fixation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Perrine, Francine M., Joko Prayitno, Jeremy J. Weinman, Frank B. Dazzo, and Barry G. Rolfe. "Rhizobium plasmids are involved in the inhibition or stimulation of rice growth and development." Functional Plant Biology 28, no. 9 (2001): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp01046.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper originates from an address at the 8th International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, Sydney, NSW, December 2000 We examined growth responses of rice seedlings (Oryza sativaL. cv. Pelde) to specific Rhizobium strains and their mutants, to investigate the molecular basis of colonization and the stimulation or inhibition of rice growth and development by rhizobia. Inoculation experiments with rice seedlings showed that specific Rhizobium isolates of these rice-associated and legume-associated rhizobia could either promote, inhibit, or have no influence on rice plant growth. There are genes on certain plasmids of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii and R. leguminosarum bv. viciae that affect the growth and development of rice root morphology. Additionally, we found that bacteria can intimately associate with, and enter into, rice seedling roots by alternative mechanisms to those encoded by the symbiotic (pSym) and the tumour-inducing (Ti) plasmids. Investigations suggest an involvement of the phytohormone auxin, and possibly nitrate, in this complex rice–Rhizobium interaction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Ma, Wenbo, Frèdèrique C. Guinel, and Bernard R. Glick. "Rhizobium leguminosarum Biovar viciae 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase Promotes Nodulation of Pea Plants." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 8 (August 2003): 4396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.8.4396-4402.2003.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Ethylene inhibits nodulation in various legumes. In order to investigate strategies employed by Rhizobium to regulate nodulation, the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase gene was isolated and characterized from one of the ACC deaminase-producing rhizobia, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53K. ACC deaminase degrades ACC, the immediate precursor of ethylene in higher plants. Through the action of this enzyme, ACC deaminase-containing bacteria can reduce ethylene biosynthesis in plants. Insertion mutants with mutations in the rhizobial ACC deaminase gene (acdS) and its regulatory gene, a leucine-responsive regulatory protein-like gene (lrpL), were constructed and tested to determine their abilities to nodulate Pisum sativum L. cv. Sparkle (pea). Both mutants, neither of which synthesized ACC deaminase, showed decreased nodulation efficiency compared to that of the parental strain. Our results suggest that ACC deaminase in R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53K enhances the nodulation of P. sativum L. cv. Sparkle, likely by modulating ethylene levels in the plant roots during the early stages of nodule development. ACC deaminase might be the second described strategy utilized by Rhizobium to promote nodulation by adjusting ethylene levels in legumes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Hardy, Kimberly, and J. Diane Knight. "Evaluation of biochars as carriers for Rhizobium leguminosarum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 67, no. 1 (January 2021): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2020-0416.

Full text

Abstract:

Peat is the standard carrier material used for commercial microbial inoculants produced in Canada and the United States. Peat is a slowly renewable resource and its production is extremely vulnerable to variable weather conditions. Furthermore, it may not be widely available in all countries. We investigated the potential to develop biochar as a carrier material. Our goal was to evaluate if different biochars perform comparably in supporting rhizobial survival, and what characteristics contribute to their ability to support rhizobial survival. Evaluation included characterization of the biochars, assessment of biochar phytotoxicity, survival of Rhizobium on biochars, and growth chamber evaluation of two biochars as Rhizobium carriers for inoculating pea. Of the original nine biochars evaluated, six supported Rhizobium leguminosarum for 84 days at 4 °C; of this six, two supported numbers >1 × 106 cfu·(g biochar)−1. The only characteristics that correlated with survival were C/N ratio and percent C. The two biochars evaluated delivered R. leguminosarum to pea that initiated nodulation, biomass production, and biomass N at levels higher than a noninoculated control and heat-killed inoculated biochars. We demonstrate that there is considerable potential to develop biochar as a carrier for rhizobial inoculants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Aguilar, O. Mario, María Verónica López, Pablo M. Riccillo, Ramón A. González, Marcela Pagano, Daniel H. Grasso, Alfred Pühler, and Gabriel Favelukes. "Prevalence of the Rhizobium etli-Like Allele in Genes Coding for 16S rRNA among the Indigenous Rhizobial Populations Found Associated with Wild Beans from the Southern Andes in Argentina." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 3520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.9.3520-3524.1998.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT A collection of rhizobial isolates from nodules of wild beans,Phaseolus vulgaris var. aborigineus, found growing in virgin lands in 17 geographically separate sites in northwest Argentina was characterized on the basis of host range, growth, hybridization to a nifH probe, analysis of genes coding for 16S rRNA (16S rDNA), DNA fingerprinting, and plasmid profiles. Nodules in field-collected wild bean plants were largely dominated by rhizobia carrying the 16S rDNA allele of Rhizobium etli. A similar prevalence of the R. etli allele was observed among rhizobia trapped from nearby soil. Intragroup diversity of wild bean isolates with either R. etli-like or Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli-like alleles was generally found across northwest Argentina. The predominance of the R. etliallele suggests that in this center of origin of P. vulgaris the coevolution of Rhizobium spp. and primitive beans has resulted in this preferential symbiotic association.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Laguerre, Gisèle, Marc Bardin, and Noëlle Amarger. "Isolation from soil of symbiotic and nonsymbiotic Rhizobium leguminosarum by DNA hybridization." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 1142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-172.

Full text

Abstract:

A procedure based upon DNA hybridization was developed for the specific detection of Rhizobium leguminosarum and its different biovars among bacteria isolated from soil. DNA colony hybridization and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with a R. leguminosarum chromosomal probe were found to be species specific for R. leguminosarum and Rhizobium etli. By using R. leguminosarum nod gene probes, biovar specificity was obtained. Of 302 soil isolates screened for their inability to grow on Luria-Bertani agar medium, 13 strains could be assigned to the R. leguminosarum species on the basis of DNA homology to the chromosomal probe and antibiotic resistance tests. Of these strains, three and two were assigned by colony hybridization and subsequent plant host specificity tests, respectively, to R. leguminosarum biovars viciae and trifolii. The eight other R. leguminosarum soil isolates lacked symbiotic information but were able to gain nodulation capacity with the acquisition of a conjugative symbiotic plasmid. They were thus considered as nonsymbiotic R. leguminosarum.Key words: Rhizobium leguminosarum, DNA hybridization, soil, symbiotic genes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Fritz, V. A., and C. J. Rosen. "Productivity of processing peas as influenced by nitrogen fertilization, Rhizobium inoculation, and fungicide seed treatment." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 1271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-177.

Full text

Abstract:

A 3-yr field experiment determined the influence of nitrogen (N) rates (0, 23, 46 and 92 kg ha−1), rhizobial inoculation, and fungicide (captan and thiram) seed treatment on the productivity of processing peas (Pisum sativum L.). In 2 of the 3 yr, N rates up to 46 or 92 kg N ha−1 increased vine fresh weight, decreased nodulation and had no effect on seed yield. Seeds treated with fungicides or inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae had no effect on vine fresh weight or seed yield. Nodule dry weight was increased in 2 of 3 yr when seeds were inoculated with Rhizobium. Key words: Pisum sativum, nodulation, rhizobia, fungicides

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Mendoza-Suárez, Marcela A., Barney A. Geddes, Carmen Sánchez-Cañizares, Ricardo H. Ramírez-González, Charlotte Kirchhelle, Beatriz Jorrin, and Philip S. Poole. "Optimizing Rhizobium-legume symbioses by simultaneous measurement of rhizobial competitiveness and N2 fixation in nodules." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 18 (April 21, 2020): 9822–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921225117.

Full text

Abstract:

Legumes tend to be nodulated by competitive rhizobia that do not maximize nitrogen (N2) fixation, resulting in suboptimal yields. Rhizobial nodulation competitiveness and effectiveness at N2 fixation are independent traits, making their measurement extremely time-consuming with low experimental throughput. To transform the experimental assessment of rhizobial competitiveness and effectiveness, we have used synthetic biology to develop reporter plasmids that allow simultaneous high-throughput measurement of N2 fixation in individual nodules using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and barcode strain identification (Plasmid ID) through next generation sequencing (NGS). In a proof-of-concept experiment using this technology in an agricultural soil, we simultaneously monitored 84 different Rhizobium leguminosarum strains, identifying a supercompetitive and highly effective rhizobial symbiont for peas. We also observed a remarkable frequency of nodule coinfection by rhizobia, with mixed occupancy identified in ∼20% of nodules, containing up to six different strains. Critically, this process can be adapted to multiple Rhizobium-legume symbioses, soil types, and environmental conditions to permit easy identification of optimal rhizobial inoculants for field testing to maximize agricultural yield.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Furtak, Karolina, Karolina Gawryjołek, Anna Gałązka, and Jarosław Grządziel. "The Response of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) to Separate and Mixed Inoculations with Rhizobium leguminosarum and Azospirillum brasilense in Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 9, 2020): 5751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165751.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of co-inoculation Rhizobium sp. and Azospirillum sp. on plant (Trifolium pratense L.) growth in the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination (anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene). Eight strains from the genus Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii were selected for biotest analysis. Two methods of inoculation were used in the chamber experiment: (1) R. leguminosarum alone and (2) a combined inoculant (R. leguminosarum and Azospirillum brasilense). For comparison, non-contaminated controls were also used. The results demonstrated that co-inoculation of plants with Rhizobium and Azospirillum resulted in more root and shoot biomass than in plants inoculated with R. leguminosarum alone. The results indicated that application of a co-inoculation of bacteria from Rhizobium and Azospirillum species had a positive effect on clover nodulation and growth under the condition of PAH contamination.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Stambulska, U. Ya, and V. I. Lushchak. "EFFECT OF LOCAL STRAINS OF RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM BV. VICIAE ON PEA PLANTS." Agriciltural microbiology 7 (October 23, 2008): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.7.131-137.

Full text

Abstract:

Influence of inoculation with nodule bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae on the efficiency of legume-rhizobium symbiosis formation as well as chlorophyll content in pea plants was studied. Seed inoculation with bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum, strains RRL9 and RRL11 resulted in increase of aboveground plant mass and mass of nodules in the comparison with effects of inoculation with other local strains and collection Rhizobium leguminosarum 245a strain. At the initial stages of the pea ontogenesis the concentrations of chlorophyll a in all inoculated plants was more than in control. The local wild strains of pea nodule bacteria were effective in legumerhizobium symbiosis formation under specific climate conditions, which are a natural ecological niche for those bacterial strains.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Wexler, M., J. D. Todd, O. Kolade, D. Bellini, A. M. Hemmings, G. Sawers, and A. W. B. Johnston. "Fur is not the global regulator of iron uptake genes in Rhizobium leguminosarum." Microbiology 149, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 1357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26130-0.

Full text

Abstract:

Rhizobium leguminosarum fur mutants were unaffected in Fe-dependent regulation of several operons that specify different Fe uptake systems, yet cloned R. leguminosarum fur partially corrected an Escherichia coli fur mutant and R. leguminosarum Fur protein bound to canonical fur boxes. The lack of a phenotype in fur mutants is not due to functional redundancy with Irr, another member of the Fur superfamily found in the rhizobia, since irr fur double mutants are also unaffected in Fe-responsive regulation of several operons involved in Fe uptake. Neither Irr nor Fur is needed for symbiotic N2 fixation on peas. As in Bradyrhizobium japonicum, irr mutants accumulated protoporphyrin IX. R. leguminosarum irr is not regulated by Fur and its Irr protein lacks the motif needed for haem-dependent post-translational modification that occurs in B. japonicum Irr. The similarities and differences in the Fur superfamily in the rhizobia and other Gram-negative bacteria are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Wielbo, Jerzy, Monika Marek-Kozaczuk, Agnieszka Kubik-Komar, and Anna Skorupska. "Increased metabolic potential of Rhizobium spp. is associated with bacterial competitiveness." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, no. 8 (August 2007): 957–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w07-053.

Full text

Abstract:

Of 105 rhizobial isolates obtained from nodules of commonly cultivated legumes, we selected 19 strains on the basis of a high rate of symbiotic plant growth promotion. Individual strains within the species Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii , R. leguminosarum bv. viciae , and Rhizobium etli displayed variation not only in plasmid sizes and numbers but also in the chromosomal 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer. The strains were tagged with gusA gene and their competitiveness was examined in relation to an indigenous population of rhizobia under greenhouse conditions. A group of 9 strains was thus isolated that were competitive in relation to native rhizobia in pot experiments. Nineteen selected competitive and uncompetitive strains were examined with respect to their ability to utilize various carbon and energy sources by means of commercial Biolog GN2 microplate test. The ability of the selected strains to metabolize a wide range of nutrients differed markedly and the competitive strains were able to utilize more carbon and energy sources than uncompetitive ones. A major difference concerned the utilization of amino and organic acids, which were metabolized by most of the competitive and only a few uncompetitive strains, whereas sugars and their derivatives were commonly utilized by both groups of strains. A statistically significant correlation between the ability to metabolize a broad range of substrates and nodulation competitiveness was found, indicating that metabolic properties may be an essential trait in determining the competitiveness of rhizobia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Šimon, T., and J. Salava. "New Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii isolates: Evaluation of competitiveness for clover nodule occupancy." Plant, Soil and Environment 52, No. 10 (November 17, 2011): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3464-pse.

Full text

Abstract:

An interrelationship between introduced and indigenous rhizobia focused on their competitiveness in nodulation was evaluated in a soil pot experiment. Clover seeds were inoculated by six different gradual concentrations of inoculum of two effective Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii isolates (inoculation strains 1/2 and 14/2). At the beginning of flowering, clover plants were removed from the pots, and nodules from each pot representing different degrees of inoculum level were taken for reisolate cultivation. The PCR technique was used for the identification of rhizobial reisolates, random amplified polymorphic DNA product patterns were acquired and analysed. Nodule occupation by inoculation strains or indigenous Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains was assessed by comparing the number of nodules formed by inoculation or indigenous strains and inoculation strains competitiveness was calculated. Nodule occupancy by the inoculation strain 1/2 increased sharply with the increase in inoculum dose, whereas in inoculation strain 14/2 more nodules were formed gradually starting from low inoculum level. Competitiveness of inoculation strain 1/2 was calculated as low and was documented by an absence of nodule occupancy in four inoculation levels. On the other hand, competitiveness of the inoculation strain 14/2 was considerably higher, and even in low inoculum dose this strain was more competitive than native rhizobia. Although both the inoculation strains 1/2 and 14/2 were found highly efficient in nitrogen fixation, only the strain 14/2 was able to manifest this characteristic due to the higher competitiveness when applied in lower doses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Andrade, D. S., P. J. Murphy, and K. E. Giller. "The Diversity of Phaseolus-Nodulating Rhizobial Populations Is Altered by Liming of Acid Soils Planted with Phaseolus vulgaris L. in Brazil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 8 (August 2002): 4025–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.8.4025-4034.2002.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT PCR-mediated restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the rhizobial populations isolated from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) nodules in the unlimed soil from a series of five lime rates applied 6 years previously to plots of an acidic oxisol had less diversity than those from plots with higher rates of liming. Isolates affiliated with Rhizobium tropici IIB and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli were predominant independent of lime application. An index of richness based on the number of ITS groups increased from 2.2 to 5.7 along the soil liming gradient, and the richness index based on “species” types determined by RFLP analysis of the 16S rRNA gene varied from 0.5 to 1.4. The Shannon index of diversity, based on the number of ITS groups, increased from 1.8 in unlimed soil to 2.8 in limed soil, and, based on RFLP analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, ranged from 0.9 to 1.4. In the limed soil, the subpopulation of R. tropici IIB pattern types contained the largest number of ITS groups. In contrast, there were more R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli types in the unlimed soil with the lowest pH than in soils with the highest pH. The number of ITS (“strain”) groups within R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli did not change with increased abundance of rhizobia in the soil, while with R. tropici IIB, the number of strain groups increased significantly. Some cultural and biochemical characteristics of Phaseolus-nodulating isolates were significantly related to changes in soil properties caused by liming, largely due to changes in the predominance of the rhizobial species groups.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Sivakumaran, S., B. D. W. Jarvis, and P. J. Lockhart. "Identification of soil bacteria expressing a symbiotic plasmid from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trofolii." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-022.

Full text

Abstract:

A hundred strains of non-nodulating, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from clover–ryegrass pastures on three different soil types and from a sandy loam under lupins. When crossed with Escherichia coli PN200 containing the cointegrate plasmid pPN1, 11 transconjugants gained the ability to form nodules on the roots of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Grasslands Huia). A nodA probe indicated that they had gained nodulation genes. The identities of these 11 strains and 4 others derived from earlier work on non-nodulating root nodule bacteria, were determined by ribotyping, DNA – DNA hybridization, and partial 16S rRNA sequencing. Good agreement was obtained between the three methods, and 11 of the strains were identified as Rhizobium leguminosarum (6), Rhizobium loti (2), Rhizobium etli (1), Rhizobium tropici (1), and Sinorhizobium meliloti (1). DNA –DNA hybridization indicated that the remaining four strains were related to the Rhizobium leguminosarum reference strains. The existence of several species of non-nodulating rhizobia in pasture soil, including species for which the normal host plant was absent, is discussed in relation to the fate of symbiotic plasmids from Rhizobium seed inoculants. It is also suggested that new species should be named for the geographical region from which they are first isolated rather than the host plant.Key words: Rhizobium, non-nodulating, nonsymbiotic, isolation, identification.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Khakimova, L. R., L. R. Karimova, and Z. R. Vershinina. "Recombinant Rhizobium leguminosarum, resistance to heavy metals." Biomics 12, no. 1 (2020): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2020-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Alsiņa, Ina, Anita Anševica, Laila Dubova, Inta Dudare, Maiga Niedrīte, and Vilhelmīne Šteinberga. "THE EVAL UA TION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF RHIZOBIUM LEG UMINOSAR UM STRAINS IN DIFFERENT HOST PLANTS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 23, 2007): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2007vol1.1711.

Full text

Abstract:

Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of six Rhizobium leguminosarum strains stored at the collection of Latvia University of Agriculture. Three of them are included at international Rhizobium data base. The obtained results showed that all Rhizobium strains were active and inoculated plants formed nodules on the roots. Inoculation with Rhizobium strains increased the proportion between shoots and root weight. The dry matter content of inoculated plants increased in comparison with untreated ones. The negative correlation between the plant weight and nitrogen content in the dry mater of shoots was observed. The host plant specificity was observed for tested Rhizobium leguminosarum strains.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Saïdi, Sabrine, Martha-Helena Ramírez-Bahena, Nery Santillana, Doris Zúñiga, Estela Álvarez-Martínez, Alvaro Peix, Ridha Mhamdi, and Encarna Velázquez. "Rhizobium laguerreae sp. nov. nodulates Vicia faba on several continents." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_1 (January 1, 2014): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.052191-0.

Full text

Abstract:

Several fast-growing strains nodulating Vicia faba in Peru, Spain and Tunisia formed a cluster related to Rhizobium leguminosarum . The 16S rRNA gene sequences were identical to that of R. leguminosarum USDA 2370T, whereas rpoB, recA and atpD gene sequences were phylogenetically distant, with sequence similarities of less than 96 %, 97 % and 94 %, respectively. DNA–DNA hybridization analysis showed a mean relatedness value of 43 % between strain FB206T and R. leguminosarum USDA 2370T. Phenotypic characteristics of the novel strains also differed from those of the closest related species of the genus Rhizobium . Therefore, based on genotypic and phenotypic data obtained in this study, we propose to classify this group of strains nodulating Vicia faba as a novel species of the genus Rhizobium named Rhizobium laguerreae sp. nov. The type strain is FB206T ( = LMG 27434T = CECT 8280T).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Denton, M. D., D. R. Coventry, W. D. Bellotti, and J. G. Howieson. "Distribution, abundance and symbiotic effectiveness of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii from alkaline pasture soils in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 1 (2000): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99035.

Full text

Abstract:

The current dissatisfaction with low productivity of annual medic (Medicago spp.) pastures has highlighted the need to seek alternative legumes to provide efficient N2 fixation in low rainfall, alkaline soil environments of southern Australia. Clover species adapted to these environments will have limited N2 fixation if effective rhizobia are not present in sufficient quantities. A survey of 61 sites was conducted across South Australia to determine the size, distribution and effectiveness of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii (clover rhizobia) populations resident in these low rainfall, alkaline soil environments. Clover rhizobia were detected at 56 of the sites, with a median density of 230–920 rhizobia/g soil. Most rhizobial populations were poor in their capacity to fix nitrogen. Rhizobial populations from fields provided 11–89% and 10–85% of the shoot biomass of commercial reference strains when inoculated onto host legumes T. purpureum (purple clover) and T. resupinatum (persian clover), respectively. Rhizobial population size was correlated negatively to pH and the percentage of CaCO3 in the soil, and was significantly increased in the rhizospheres of naturalised clover, found at 17 sites. Management options for rhizobial populations to improve legume diversity and productivity are discussed in terms of rhizobial population dynamics and likely soil constraints to successful rhizobial colonisation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

McKAY, I. A., A. R. GLENN, and M. J. DILWORTH. "Gluconeogenesis in Rhizobium leguminosarum MNF3841." Microbiology 131, no. 8 (August 1, 1985): 2067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-131-8-2067.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Baginsky, Cecilia, Belén Brito, Juan Imperial, José-Manuel Palacios, and Tomás Ruiz-Argüeso. "Diversity and Evolution of Hydrogenase Systems in Rhizobia." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 10 (October 2002): 4915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.10.4915-4924.2002.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Uptake hydrogenases allow rhizobia to recycle the hydrogen generated in the nitrogen fixation process within the legume nodule. Hydrogenase (hup) systems in Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae show highly conserved sequence and gene organization, but important differences exist in regulation and in the presence of specific genes. We have undertaken the characterization of hup gene clusters from Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus), Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna), and Rhizobium tropici and Azorhizobium caulinodans strains with the aim of defining the extent of diversity in hup gene composition and regulation in endosymbiotic bacteria. Genomic DNA hybridizations using hupS, hupE, hupUV, hypB, and hoxA probes showed a diversity of intraspecific hup profiles within Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) and Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna) strains and homogeneous intraspecific patterns within R. tropici and A. caulinodans strains. The analysis also revealed differences regarding the possession of hydrogenase regulatory genes. Phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of hupS and hupL clustered R. leguminosarum and R. tropici hup sequences together with those from B. japonicum and Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) strains, suggesting a common origin. In contrast, Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna) hup sequences diverged from the rest of rhizobial sequences, which might indicate that those organisms have evolved independently and possibly have acquired the sequences by horizontal transfer from an unidentified source.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Gawryjołek, Karolina, Karolina Furtak, Jarosław Grządziel, and Anna Gałązka. "Identification and Characterization of Metabolic Potential of Different Strains from Genus Rhizobium." Proceedings 66, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020066019.

Full text

Abstract:

Bacteria of the Rhizobium genus form a group of microorganisms existing in the environment in two forms: symbiotic, in the root nodules of Fabaceae sp. plants and free-living, and saprophytic in the soil environment. The subject of this study was genetic identification and characterization of metabolic activity of different strains from Rhizobium genus bacteria. The study was conducted on the 16 bacteria strains from the collection of the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Puławy, Poland. Based on the sequencing of PCR products, we found that all strains belong to one species—Rhizobium leguminosarum. The study of metabolic activity was performed using the GEN III BIOLOG system method (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA, USA). Metabolism analysis of all R. leguminosarum strains with the use of GEN III™ plates showed that carbohydrates (CH) were the most intensively utilised group of substrates. Between the Rhizobium leguminosarum strains, there are metabolic differences in terms of the studied features.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Gawryjołek, Karolina, Karolina Furtak, Jarosław Grządziel, and Anna Gałązka. "Identification and Characterization of Metabolic Potential of Different Strains from Genus Rhizobium." Proceedings 66, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020066019.

Full text

Abstract:

Bacteria of the Rhizobium genus form a group of microorganisms existing in the environment in two forms: symbiotic, in the root nodules of Fabaceae sp. plants and free-living, and saprophytic in the soil environment. The subject of this study was genetic identification and characterization of metabolic activity of different strains from Rhizobium genus bacteria. The study was conducted on the 16 bacteria strains from the collection of the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Puławy, Poland. Based on the sequencing of PCR products, we found that all strains belong to one species—Rhizobium leguminosarum. The study of metabolic activity was performed using the GEN III BIOLOG system method (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA, USA). Metabolism analysis of all R. leguminosarum strains with the use of GEN III™ plates showed that carbohydrates (CH) were the most intensively utilised group of substrates. Between the Rhizobium leguminosarum strains, there are metabolic differences in terms of the studied features.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Brito, Belén, Jorge Monza, Juan Imperial, Tomás Ruiz-Argüeso, and Jose Manuel Palacios. "Nickel Availability and hupSL Activation by Heterologous Regulators Limit Symbiotic Expression of theRhizobium leguminosarum bv. Viciae Hydrogenase System in Hup− Rhizobia." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.3.937-942.2000.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT A limited number of Rhizobium andBradyrhizobium strains possess a hydrogen uptake (Hup) system that recycles the hydrogen released from the nitrogen fixation process in legume nodules. To extend this ability to rhizobia that nodulate agronomically important crops, we investigated factors that affect the expression of a cosmid-borne Hup system from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae UPM791 in R. leguminosarumbv. viciae, Rhizobium etli, Mesorhizobium loti, and Sinorhizobium meliloti Hup− strains. After cosmid pAL618 carrying the entire hup system of strain UPM791 was introduced, all recipient strains acquired the ability to oxidize H2 in symbioses with their hosts, although the levels of hydrogenase activity were found to be strain and species dependent. The levels of hydrogenase activity were correlated with the levels of nickel-dependent processing of the hydrogenase structural polypeptides and with transcription of structural genes. Expression of the NifA-dependent hupSL promoter varied depending on the genetic background, while the hyp operon, which is controlled by the FnrN transcriptional regulator, was expressed at similar levels in all recipient strains. With the exception of theR. etli-bean symbiosis, the availability of nickel to bacteroids strongly affected hydrogenase processing and activity in the systems tested. Our results indicate that efficient transcriptional activation by heterologous regulators and processing of the hydrogenase as a function of the availability of nickel to the bacteroid are relevant factors that affect hydrogenase expression in heterologous rhizobia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Collins, M. T., J. E. Thies, and L. K. Abbott. "Diversity and symbiotic effectiveness of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii isolates from pasture soils in south-western Australia." Soil Research 40, no. 8 (2002): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01052.

Full text

Abstract:

The abundance of the Australian inoculant strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii for subterraneum clover (WU95) and the diversity of naturalised rhizobia were assessed in 3 subterranean clover pastures in the Albany region of south-western Western Australia. Most probable number, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used. A putative strain similar to inoculant strain WU96 was uncommon at one site (South Stirling) and not isolated at 2 other sites. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR fingerprinting using the RPO1 primer identified 45 different profiles amongst the 208 isolates examined. RAPD-PCR fingerprinting using the primers RPO4 and RPO5 confirmed most groupings based on RPO1 fingerprint patterns and revealed further genetic diversity within some groups. Overall, 54 putative strains were defined by RAPD-PCR fingerprint profiles across the 3 sites. Subterranean clover rhizobia at the Manypeaks and Mount Shadforth sites were dominated by isolates with 1 or 2 RPO1 RAPD profiles at 2 sampling times, while the population at South Stirling was much more diverse. The symbiotic effectiveness of 11 rhizobial isolates, representing the major RPO1 RAPD profile groups within naturalised rhizobial populations, were compared in pot culture with those of the 2 commercial inoculant strains for subterranean clover, WU95 and TA1, on 3 cultivars. Differences in effectiveness among 3 of the 11 isolates were observed in comparison to both the commercial strains and other naturalised isolates. The nitrogen fixing effectiveness of 8 isolates representing different subgroups from one RP01 group was not the same. The use of all 3 primers increased the precision in defining putative strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii, and although naturalised rhizobia from these pastures are saprophytically competent, their dominance in nodules does not appear to be linked to symbiotic effectiveness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

van Workum, Wilbert A. T., Sophie van Slageren, Anton A. N. van Brussel, and Jan W. Kijne. "Role of Exopolysaccharides of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae as Host Plant-Specific Molecules Required for Infection Thread Formation During Nodulation of Vicia sativa." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 12 (December 1998): 1233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.12.1233.

Full text

Abstract:

Mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae bacteria that are affected in the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides (EPS) are unable to effectively nodulate their host plants. By studying defined mutants, we show that R. legumi-nosarum bv. viciae strains require EPS for formation of infection threads in Vicia sativa (vetch) as well as for efficient induction of tight root hair curling. Results of coinoculation experiments with the EPS-deficient pssD111 mutant of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae in combination with heterologous EPS-producing strains indicated that vetch has certain structural requirements for rhizobial EPS to function in symbiosis. We hypothesize that EPS accelerates root hair curling and infection to such an extent that rhizobial root penetration precedes a plant defense response.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

P., Shinde B., and Jaya Thakur*. "The effect of co-inoculation of pea plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium on the nodulation, growth and productivity." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 4954. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.10.008.

Full text

Abstract:

Soil microorganisms can be used to decrease the input of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals. Among soil microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium spp. can promote plant growth. Integration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus with Rhizobium spp. thus appears to be a promising approach for sustainable agriculture. The study evaluated the response of pea (Pisum sativum) to AMF species Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus intraradix and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae, regarding the growth, nodulation and yield. Pea plants were grown in pots until the flowering stage (35 days). Five replicates of control, with Rhizobium and mycorrhiza alone and the dual inoculation of Rhizobium and AMF were maintained during present studies. The obtained results demonstrated that the dual inoculation of pea plants significantly increased the plant growth, nodule biomass and nodule number in comparison with single inoculation with AMF and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Noel, T. C., C. Sheng, C. K. Yost, R. P. Pharis, and M. F. Hynes. "Rhizobium leguminosarum as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium: direct growth promotion of canola and lettuce." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-040.

Full text

Abstract:

Early seedling root growth of the nonlegumes canola (Brassica campestris cv. Tobin, Brassica napus cv. Westar) and lettuce (Lactuca saliva cv. Grand Rapids) was significantly promoted by inoculation of seeds with certain strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum, including nitrogen- and nonnitrogen-fixing derivatives under gnotobiotic conditions. The growfh-promotive effect appears to be direct, with possible involvement of the plant growth regulators indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin. Auxotrophic Rhizobium mutants requiring tryptophan or adenosine (precursors for indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin synthesis, respectively) did not promote growth to the extent of the parent strain. The findings of this study demonstrate a new facet of the Rhizobium–plant relationship and that Rhizobium leguminosarum can be considered a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR).Key words: Rhizobium, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR, indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, roots, auxotrophic mutants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Safronova, Vera, Anna Sazanova, Irina Kuznetsova, Andrey Belimov, Polina Guro, Denis Karlov, Oleg Yuzikhin, et al. "Increasing the Legume–Rhizobia Symbiotic Efficiency Due to the Synergy between Commercial Strains and Strains Isolated from Relict Symbiotic Systems." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071398.

Full text

Abstract:

The phenomenon of rhizobial synergy was investigated to increase the efficiency of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis of alfalfa (Medicago varia Martyn), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) or red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). These plants were co-inoculated with the respective commercial strains Sinorhizobium meliloti RCAM1750, Rhizobium leguminosarum RCAM0626 or R. leguminosarum RCAM1365 and with the strains Mesorhizobium japonicum Opo-235, M. japonicum Opo-242, Bradyrhizobium sp. Opo-243 or M. kowhaii Ach-343 isolated from the relict legumes Oxytropis popoviana Peschkova and Astragalus chorinensis Bunge. The isolates mentioned above had additional symbiotic genes (fix, nif, nod, noe and nol) as well as the genes promoting plant growth and symbiosis formation (acdRS, genes associated with the biosynthesis of gibberellins and auxins, genes of T3SS, T4SS and T6SS secretion systems) compared to the commercial strains. Nodulation assays showed that in some variants of co-inoculation the symbiotic parameters of plants such as nodule number, plant biomass or acetylene reduction activity were increased. We assume that the study of microbial synergy using rhizobia of relict legumes will make it possible to carry out targeted selection of co-microsymbionts to increase the efficiency of agricultural legume–rhizobia systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Chubukova, Olga V., Zilya R. Vershinina, Rustam T. Matnyazov, Andrey K. Baymiev, and Aleksey K. Baymiev. "Creation of an inducible vector system based on the rhizobia nodA gene promoter." Ecological genetics 19, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen48646.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The possibility of changing the properties of rhizobial bacteria by giving them the ability to regulate the expression of additionally introduced genes into them is an urgent task both for fundamental science and for applied agrobiology, since this will make it possible to obtain microsymbionts with desired properties. An expression construct using the rhizobia regulatory system was created in this work. The rhizobia nodD gene encodes a regulatory protein that, in the presence of plant inducers, flavonoids, activates the transcription of nod-genes involved in the early stages of the formation of legume-rhizobium symbiosis. Materials and methods: A vector construct containing the nodD gene from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifoli under the regulation of its own promoter and the gfp gene under the regulation of the nodA gene promoter from the same rhizobia was obtained. Neorhizobium galegae CIAM 0702 were transformed with the vector construct. Results: It has been shown that in recombinant strains synthetic flavonoids are capable of inducing expression of gfp gene to varying degrees. Conclusion: In the future, the results can be used to obtain rhizosphere microorganisms with a controlled synthesis of growth-stimulating and protective substances.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Sprout, Sharon L., Louise M. Nelson, and James J. Germida. "Influence of metribuzin on the Rhizobium leguminosarum–lentil (Lens culinaris) symbiosis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-058.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of the triazine herbicide metribuzin (Sencor) on the lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) - Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae symbiosis were studied in Leonard jars and growth pouches. Lentils inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 128C54 or 128C84, and noninoculated lentils grown in plant nutrient solution supplemented with 5 mM KNO3, had metribuzin applied to the plants at either 8 or 13 days after planting. When sprayed at 8 days, metribuzin had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) negative effect on plant weight, number of nodules, taproot growth, and acetylene reduction activity. Five to 10 days after spraying, the plants began to recover from the inhibitory effects. When spraying was delayed to 13 days after planting, metribuzin had little effect on plant growth. The R. leguminosarum strain used as inoculant affected the degree of inhibition of lentil growth and the rate of plant recovery. Less than 0.2% of foliarly applied metribuzin was translocated to the root. Thus the detrimental effects of metribuzin application to lentils were mainly due to direct effects on the plant, which resulted in indirect effects on nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Key words: Rhizobium leguminosarum, lentil, metribuzin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Mateos, Pedro F., David L. Baker, Maureen Petersen, Encarna Velázquez, José I. Jiménez-Zurdo, Eustoquio Martínez-Molina, Andrea Squartini, Guy Orgambide, David H. Hubbell, and Frank B. Dazzo. "Erosion of root epidermal cell walls by Rhizobium polysaccharide-degrading enzymes as related to primary host infection in the Rhizobiumlegume symbiosis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-039.

Full text

Abstract:

A central event of the infection process in the Rhizobiumlegume symbiosis is the modification of the host cell wall barrier to form a portal of entry large enough for bacterial penetration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates that rhizobia enter the legume root hair through a completely eroded hole that is slightly larger than the bacterial cell and is presumably created by localized enzymatic hydrolysis of the host cell wall. In this study, we have used microscopy and enzymology to further clarify how rhizobia modify root epidermal cell walls to shed new light on the mechanism of primary host infection in the Rhizobiumlegume symbiosis. Quantitative scanning electron microscopy indicated that the incidence of highly localized, partially eroded pits on legume root epidermal walls that follow the contour of the rhizobial cell was higher in host than in nonhost legume combinations, was inhibited by high nitrate supply, and was not induced by immobilized wild-type chitolipooligosaccharide Nod factors reversibly adsorbed to latex beads. TEM examination of these partially eroded, epidermal pits indicated that the amorphous, noncrystalline portions of the wall were disrupted, whereas the crystalline portions remained ultrastructurally intact. Further studies using phase-contrast and polarized light microscopy indicated that (i) the structural integrity of clover root hair walls is dependent on wall polymers that are valid substrates for cell-bound polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from rhizobia, (ii) the major site where these rhizobial enzymes can completely erode the root hair wall is highly localized at the isotropic, noncrystalline apex of the root hair tip, and (iii) the degradability of clover root hair walls by rhizobial polysaccharide-degrading enzymes is enhanced by modifications induced during growth in the presence of chitolipooligosaccharide Nod factors from wild-type clover rhizobia. The results suggest a complementary role of rhizobial cell-bound glycanases and chitolipooligosaccharides in creating the localized portals of entry for successful primary host infection.Key words: Rhizobium leguminosarum, cellulase, cell wall, chitolipooligosaccharide, clover, root hair.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Jorrin, Beatriz, and Juan Imperial. "Population Genomics Analysis of Legume Host Preference for Specific Rhizobial Genotypes in the Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Symbioses." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 28, no. 3 (March 2015): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-09-14-0296-fi.

Full text

Abstract:

Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae establishes root nodule symbioses with several legume genera. Although most isolates are equally effective in establishing symbioses with all host genera, previous evidence suggests that hosts select specific rhizobial genotypes among those present in the soil. We have used population genomics to further investigate this observation. Pisum sativum, Lens culinaris, Vicia sativa, and V. faba plants were used to trap rhizobia from a well-characterized soil, and pooled genomic DNA from 100 isolates from each plant were sequenced. Sequence reads were aligned to the R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 reference genome. High overall conservation of sequences was observed in all subpopulations, although several multigenic regions were absent from the soil population. A large fraction (16 to 22%) of sequence reads could not be recruited to the reference genome, suggesting that they represent sequences specific to that particular soil population. Although highly conserved, the 16S to 23S ribosomal RNA gene region presented single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) regarding the reference genome, but no striking differences could be found among plant-selected subpopulations. Plant-specific SNP patterns were, however, clearly observed within the nod gene cluster, supporting the existence of a plant preference for specific rhizobial genotypes. This was also shown after genome-wide analysis of SNP patterns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Josic, Dragana, Bogic Milicic, Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic, and Mirjana Jarak. "Genodiversity of dominant Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Trifolii isolated from 11 types of soil in Serbia." Genetika 40, no. 2 (2008): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0802179j.

Full text

Abstract:

Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii is microsymbiont Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens, which are very important legumes in Serbia. The natural nodulating population of those bacteria was collected and estimated biodiversity distribution by monitoring dominant genotypes of these bacteria. The population of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii were collected from 50 marked locations of 11 types of soil in Serbia. 437 natural isolates, rescued from nodules of Trifolium repens or Trifolium pratense, were analyzed by phenotypic approach. We obtained 156 different isolates on the basis of differences in their IAR - intrinsic antibiotic resistance (five antibiotics) and HMT- heavy methal tolerance (five heavy metals). We investigated 56 dominant isolates with more than three differences in IAR-HMT patterns by REP-PCR and RAPD fingerprinting (AP10 and SPH 1 primers). The results showed genodiversity of dominant Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii field isolates and offered the possibility to assess their changes on marked locations during time and under different environmental conditions and geographical distribution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Lobanov, A. N., and T. V. Poljudova. "Production of exopolysaccharides by bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum during batch cultivation." Biomics 12, no. 2 (2020): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2020-13.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Young, J. Peter W., Sara Moeskjær, Alexey Afonin, Praveen Rahi, Marta Maluk, Euan K. James, Maria Izabel A. Cavassim, et al. "Defining the Rhizobium leguminosarum Species Complex." Genes 12, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010111.

Full text

Abstract:

Bacteria currently included in Rhizobium leguminosarum are too diverse to be considered a single species, so we can refer to this as a species complex (the Rlc). We have found 429 publicly available genome sequences that fall within the Rlc and these show that the Rlc is a distinct entity, well separated from other species in the genus. Its sister taxon is R. anhuiense. We constructed a phylogeny based on concatenated sequences of 120 universal (core) genes, and calculated pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) between all genomes. From these analyses, we concluded that the Rlc includes 18 distinct genospecies, plus 7 unique strains that are not placed in these genospecies. Each genospecies is separated by a distinct gap in ANI values, usually at approximately 96% ANI, implying that it is a ‘natural’ unit. Five of the genospecies include the type strains of named species: R. laguerreae, R. sophorae, R. ruizarguesonis, “R. indicum” and R. leguminosarum itself. The 16S ribosomal RNA sequence is remarkably diverse within the Rlc, but does not distinguish the genospecies. Partial sequences of housekeeping genes, which have frequently been used to characterize isolate collections, can mostly be assigned unambiguously to a genospecies, but alleles within a genospecies do not always form a clade, so single genes are not a reliable guide to the true phylogeny of the strains. We conclude that access to a large number of genome sequences is a powerful tool for characterizing the diversity of bacteria, and that taxonomic conclusions should be based on all available genome sequences, not just those of type strains.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Raaman, N., B. Mahendran, C. Jaganathan, S. Sukumar, and V. Chandrasekaran. "Removal of chromium using Rhizobium leguminosarum." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 28, no. 2 (August 25, 2011): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11274-011-0856-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Rhizobium leguminosarum'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles