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Journal articles on the topic 'Rhetoric of Contrasts'
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1
Bogatov, M. A. "About Rhetoric of Crisis in Philosophy." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 11, no. 2 (2011): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2011-11-2-46-52.
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The article discusses the topic of the crisis of modern philosophy. This theme is presented as special crisis rhetoric not interested in philosophy. Rhetoric contrasts to theme of philosophy as a way of escaping from the externally imposed rhetorical tricks. As a result, attempt to define a specific mode of existence of philosophy and the philosopher is given.
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Kachru, Yamuna. "Kachru revisits contrasts." English Today 12, no. 1 (January 1996): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607840000883x.
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YAMUNA KACHRU published the article “Contrastive rhetoric in world Englishes” in ET41 (Jan 95), prompting a letter from Reinhard Hartmann that appeared in ET42 (Apr 95). The following is Kachru's reply to Hartmann.
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Yeung, Lorrita. "Chinese rhetoric." Languages in Contrast 19, no. 1 (June 19, 2018): 133–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.16022.yeu.
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Abstract This study investigates the question of Chinese indirection as a result of the use of modality expressions, which is conventionally believed to be the hallmark of Chinese rhetoric (e.g. Young, 1994; Bond, 1991; Powers and Gong, 1994). The present research compares and contrasts the degree of assertiveness as reflected in the patterns of modality in two corpora of expert Chinese and English argumentative writing on the same controversial subject. Corpus evidence shows that contrary to expectations, the Chinese writers are significantly more assertive than the English in arguing their case. The frequency of use and distribution patterns of intensifiers present both quantitative and qualitative evidence for the rhetorical differences, which may be accounted for culturally.
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Wagner, Nathan. "Rhetorical Distinctions in Augustine's Early and Later Writing." Rhetorica 36, no. 2 (2018): 105–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2018.36.2.105.
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This article seeks to view Augustine's early work as a form of revelatory rhetoric where the aim is to define and express the nature of the divine. This aim contrasts with Augustine's post-ordination work where the aim is more deliberative in nature through a language that instructs and moves his audience. While the contexts and rhetorical purposes of these eras are distinct, there is a continuity in terms of Augustine's theology. I argue that it is Augustine's rhetorical context that distinguishes his early and later work through an analysis of De libero arbitrio.
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Olds, Christopher. "Assessing the Relationship between Presidential Rhetorical Simplicity and Unilateral Action." Politics and Governance 3, no. 2 (September 2, 2015): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v3i2.303.
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Research from Shogan (2007) and Lim (2008) on the executive branch proposes that the American presidency has adopted an anti-intellectual approach to leadership, such that there is a concerted rejection of thoughtful political discourse from the president. This has been reflected by what appears to be a relative decline in both the linguistic and substantive complexity of presidential rhetoric. Shogan’s (2007) work, while focused on examining whether Republicans are more apt to employ anti-intellectual leadership than Democrats, raises an additional topic worthy of empirical examination: the potential relationship between anti-intellectual leadership and unilateral action from the president. If anti-intellectual leadership is a defiant form of leadership that opts to publicly demonstrate the rejection of external expertise, the usage of anti-intellectual rhetoric from the president might be able to predict the usage of unilateral action. On the other hand, anti-intellectual rhetoric might be used as a straightforward and quick means to explain unilateral action, such that change in the level of unilateral action can predict the usage of simplistic rhetoric. Unfortunately, no one has yet to empirically test whether rhetorical simplicity predicts unilateral action, unilateral action predicts rhetorical simplicity, or there is a multi-directional relationship present. This project makes an initial attempt to remedy this gap in the literature. The project contrasts the monthly average simplicity level of the presidential weekly public address with the monthly number of executive orders emanating from the executive branch, using information spanning between February 1993 and May 2015. The initial findings from the vector autoregression and moving average representation analyses suggest that prior change in rhetorical simplicity predicts the usage of executive orders, and that an increase in rhetorical simplicity helps produce an increase in the number of executive orders offered by the president.
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Dressman, Mark, Sarah McCarthey, and Paul Prior. "Editors’ Introduction: Literate Practices: Theory, Method, and Disciplinary Boundary Work." Research in the Teaching of English 44, no. 2 (November 1, 2009): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/rte20099181.
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At universities, scholars in English studies manage what Gieryn (1999) called disciplinary boundary work (the rhetorical making and policing of boundaries that construct the discipline and its institutional formations as different from other disciplines and social formations) through categorical contrasts, including: literary criticism vs. writing studies/rhetoric; scholarship vs. creative writing; quantitative vs. qualitative research; university vs. K–12 schooling; university vs. workplace; and, of course, that most basic border of disciplinarity”disciplinary knowledge vs. everyday belief and culture. The two research reports in this issue of RTE both address college-level work in the field and both highlight interesting ways in which current theoretical and methodological developments are putting pressure on disciplinary boundaries in English studies.
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Purcell, Richard Anthony. "Yhwh, Moses, and Pharaoh: Masculine competition as rhetoric in the exodus narrative." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 44, no. 4 (May 29, 2020): 532–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309089219862810.
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This article contends that ancient Near Eastern gender ideals concerning masculinity are brought to bear by the Exodus narrative to shape an effective rhetoric, a rhetoric which compares and contrasts the primary male characters of the narrative: Yhwh, Moses, and Pharaoh. The text portrays these male characters as variously fulfilling or failing to meet ancient Near East masculine ideals in order to array Yhwh, Moses, and Pharaoh in relation to one another as effective males. In doing so, the text casts Yhwh as a male character who meets the ideal, Pharaoh as a male character who falls short of the ideal, and Moses as a male character who wavers in between the two. By drawing upon ancient gender ideals to shape its rhetoric, the text reinforces these gender ideals, rather than deconstructing them.
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Ponzio, Augusto. "Rhetoric and Ideology in Communication Today." International Journal of Semiotics and Visual Rhetoric 2, no. 1 (January 2018): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsvr.2018010107.
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This article describes how the concept of communication is reconsidered under two aspects, theoretical and historical-social relatively to today's world. The first: communication cannot be reduced to a process of exteriorisation according to a limited view of communication. This contrasts with global semiotics (Sebeok) and the fact that being, life is communication. The second: with respect to economic reality, the industrial revolution of automation, globalisation of communication, universalisation of the market, communication in the production, exchange, consumption cycle is present in all three phases and not only in exchange. The dominant communication-production system tends to present itself through massmedial communication, and through the rhetoric of its ideo-logic as the only system possible, to maintain and reproduce at all costs, despite its openly destructive character. Semiotics must cultivate a global vision, which as semioethics and in a “semio-dialogic” perspective will interrogate dominant ideo-logic and propose new forms of living together.
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Stryer, Steven. "Burke's Vehemence and the Rhetoric of Historical Exaggeration." Rhetorica 30, no. 2 (2012): 176–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2012.30.2.176.
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This article seeks to explain Edmund Burke's notorious verbal vehemence as the consequence of a deliberate rhetorical strategy. I argue that over the course of a thirty-year parliamentary career, Burke relied on sharply formulated historical contrasts in order to express his opposition to the policies of successive ministries and warn of threats to the nation's defining achievements. Through the use of four distinct syntactical patterns, Burke cultivated a style of hyperbole which exaggerated both the failings of the present and the virtues of the national past, focusing on two periods in particular: the High Middle Ages and the early eighteenth-century era of Whig Oligarchy.
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Wei, Jennifer M. "An analysis of the metaphorical usage of campaign slogans in the 1996 presidential campaign in Taiwan." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 10, no. 1 (June 26, 2000): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.10.1.06wei.
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This paper explores a variety of metaphors notably, war, revenge, and a journey of spirituality awakening — used by the 1996 presidential and vice-presidential candidates in Taiwan. It uses the 1996 presidential election rhetoric as a case study to analyze how political ideologies, tactics and strategies are incorporated in metaphors in presidential slogans. It adopts Lakoff & Johnson (1980)’s proposal of metaphor as symbols that orient our perception and influence how we structure our actions. Kennedy (1998)’s treaties on political rhetoric are introduced as theoretical background for further analysis, following a short sketch of the socio-political context of recent democratic developments in Taiwan. Studies of the election rhetoric, its contributions and limitations are then examined. Data for analysis were collected from newspapers, official memoranda and pamphlets available to the public over the campaign period, roughly from late January to late March in 1996. The results show overlaps and contrasts of metaphorical usage among the four sets of candidates. In conclusion, metaphorical usage not only orients the campaign style of the candidates but also shapes voters’ perceptions of proposed political ideals.
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Clyde, Jerremie, and Glenn Wilkinson. "The Siren Song of Digital Simulation." International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments 2, no. 2 (April 2011): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jvple.2011040105.
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This paper contrasts the importance of procedural rhetoric for the use of games in university and college level historical education with the use of history themed digital simulations. This paper starts by examining how history functions as a form of disciplinary knowledge and how this disciplinary way of knowing things is taught in the post secondary history course. The manner in which history is taught is contrasted with its evaluation to better define what students are actually expected to learn. The simulation is then examined in light of learning goals and evaluation. This demonstrates that simulations are a poor fit for most post secondary history courses. The more appropriate and effective choice is to construct the past via procedural rhetoric as a way to use digital video games to make the historical argument.
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Corkin, Lucy Jane. "China's rising Soft Power: the role of rhetoric in constructing China-Africa relations." Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional 57, spe (2014): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329201400204.
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As China turns increasingly to the cultivation of soft power in the course of developing its foreign policy, the use of political rhetoric and its explicit and implicit audiences become more and more important, both on a bilateral level and within the international arena at large. Using the case of China's relations with African countries, this article examines key themes within China's diplomatic narrative regarding its role on the African continent and contrasts with Western and African responses.
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Ndong, Sangoul. "Ronsard et la verve licencieuse." Voix Plurielles 11, no. 2 (December 3, 2014): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/vp.v11i2.1106.
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L’errance discursive définit le Discours des misères de ce temps et sa suite comme une nette expérience rhétorique du baroque. Cette œuvre est un pot-pourri de fragments épars où s’entrelacent description, affabulation, supplications et remontrances. Mais cet éclatement des registres ne signifie nullement que, contrairement à ses œuvres antérieures, Ronsard est sans art quand il écrit contre les guerres de religions : cette idée s’absout avec l’éloquence de la prédication, l’ironie ainsi que les jeux de contrastes frappants dirigés contre les réformés.
Summary : Wandering discursive defines the Discours des misères de ce temps and its sequel as a net experience baroque rhetoric. This work is a potpourri of scattered fragments intertwining description, fabrication, supplications and remonstrances. But this break records does not mean that, contrary to his earlier works, Ronsard is not art when he wrote against the religious wars: the idea is absolved with the eloquence of preaching, irony and games striking contrasts directed against the Protestants.
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Cherlin, Michael. "Memory and Rhetorical Trope in Schoenberg's String Trio." Journal of the American Musicological Society 51, no. 3 (1998): 559–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/832039.
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Conceived of by Schoenberg as depicting a near fatal illness that he experienced on 2 August 1946, the String Trio, Op. 45 is noteworthy for its extreme contrasts and even apparent non sequiturs. Beyond that, the work seems alternately to remember and then abandon the musical languages of its antecedents; these "memorial" aspects include form, phrase design, evocations of tonality, associations with the music of Beethoven, and the centrality of an emergent "waltz strand." The paper develops two tropes, distraction and imperfection, that interpret the work's rhetoric and provide a general framework within which to interpret Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique and its grounding in the compositional sketches.
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Barchiesi, Franco. "Wage Labor, Precarious Employment, and Social Inclusion in the Making of South Africa's Postapartheid Transition." African Studies Review 51, no. 2 (September 2008): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.0.0083.
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Abstract:During South Africa's first decade of democracy, policies of social inclusion and social citizenship have emphasized productive employment and the work ethic in a context of fiscal discipline and public spending thrift. The government's institutional discourse contrasts, however, with a social reality in which most black workers have confronted growing economic precariousness and the inability of waged occupations to provide stable livelihoods above poverty levels. The article discusses workers' responses to these conditions with case studies of private and public employment. It finds that official rhetoric about the centrality of productive employment does not reflect the diversity of practices and discourses with which workers address the crisis facing wage labor.
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Pineda, Pedro, and Jorge Celis. "¿Hacia la universidad corporativa? Reformas basadas en el mercado e isomorfismo institucional en Colombia." education policy analysis archives 25 (July 3, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.25.2837.
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In this article, we analyze the new discourses on the university around two Colombian governmental programs: the student loan program Ser Pilo Paga and university rankings Mide. Although these programs can be labeled as market-based or neoliberal reforms, they have not been analyzed from a sociological perspective that discusses its relationship with changes in the idea itself of the university. We analyze the rhetoric surrounding its design and implementation through the content analysis of press articles and documents from governments and international organizations. From a neo-institutional perspective of world society theory, we find that loans have been mainly promoted by the World Bank, while rankings are directly copied from a global culture. There is also a rhetoric using the terms best, quality, excellence and technology that correspond with the global model of the entrepreneurial university. This idea contrasts, though, with terms such as equity, access, fairness and inclusion, in turn related to a discourse about social engagement that partially corresponds to the local idea of the Latin-American university. These tensions between university models where policy instruments are entangled should be further studied in other countries.
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吉田文子, 吉田文子. "漢朝民間歌謠之修辭技巧." 語文與國際研究期刊 28, no. 28 (December 2022): 053–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/181147172022120028004.
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<p>樂府詩之起源為民間流傳歌謠，初期樂府歌辭皆是為了配樂吟唱而作。因此漢朝樂府歌辭中除了音樂符號等特色外，亦多呈現各種修辭技巧，例如：疊字、疊句、對偶、頂真、排比、層遞等。此些修辭技巧共同特色為形式與意義上的「重疊反覆」，在歌辭中亦蘊含著獨特的節奏感。其中的「頂真格」即如接龍遊戲，「對偶」則上下對照相似兩句，作者從研究中認為這兩項修辭技巧在配樂而吟唱的樂府詩中扮演重要的角色。據此，本文研究範圍為「鼓吹曲辭」、「相和歌辭」中的漢朝民歌，探討其中獨特的修辭技巧。主要針對民歌中的「頂真格」在釀造節奏感的作用中對詩意產生的影響，以及在六朝時期已普遍化的「對偶」在漢朝民歌中又曾是如何的角色，這兩大部分進行分析與探討。</p> <p> </p><p>Yue-fu poetry originated from folk songs, and most of the early days of Yue-fu poetry were accompanied by music. For this reason, not only musical symbols can be seen in the lyrics of Yue-fu poetry in the Han Dynasty, but also various rhetoric are frequently used. These rhetoric have in common that they repeat in form and meaning with a slight change in font and content, creating a unique rhythm in the lyrics. Among them, the ding-zhen that resembles Japanese word chain game and the antithesis that contrasts two similar phrases play an important role in characterizing Yue-fu poetry as a song. This paper study the characteristic rhetoric of folk songs in the Han dynasty, which are found in "Gu-chui quci" and "Xiang-he geci". The second chapter explores the effect of the ding-zhen on poetry, and the third chapter explores aspects of the antithesis.</p> <p> </p>
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Lubienski, Chris. "Redefining “Public” Education: Charter Schools, Common Schools, and the Rhetoric of Reform." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 103, no. 4 (August 2001): 634–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810110300405.
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Virtually every definition of charter schools asserts that they are a form of public schooling. This article poses the question: In what way? Charter school advocates, observers, and opponents all note that the schools are publicly funded, are open to all, and are chartered by public entities. This analysis pursues the question by comparing the rhetoric regarding the definition of public education employed by charter school reformers in one state, Michigan, with that of the common school reformers of the 19th century, particularly Horace Mann. The analysis finds conflicting definitions of what constitutes public schooling. Although both reforms support tax-funded schools and open access, the common school reformers emphasized political-democratic forms of control. Charter school advocates actively challenge such control, and elevate market mechanisms of consumer choice and competition between providers as the primary means of authority. To advance such a program, proponents of charter schools explicitly seek to “redefine” popular conceptions of what constitutes public and private education. In doing so, they frame education principally as a consumer good, and, this article theorizes, effect a privatization of the purpose of public education that contrasts with the common school reformers’ stated concern for democracy and the public good.
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Doerfler, Maria. "Ambrose's Jews: The Creation of Judaism and Heterodox Christianity in Ambrose of Milan's Expositio evangelii secundum Lucam." Church History 80, no. 4 (November 18, 2011): 749–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000964071100120x.
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In recent years, the writings of Ambrose of Milan have enjoyed a revival of interest in historical and theological circles. The work of scholars like Christoph Markschies, Neil McLynn, Daniel Williams, and Marcia Colish has paved the way for a consideration of Ambrose's exegetical corpus, including his Expositio evangelii secundum Lucam, as well. Readers both ancient and modern have generally remarked upon two of the commentary's features: Its derivative nature, particularly Ambrose's generous borrowings from other third- and fourth-century writers; and its pronounced anti-Jewish tenor. This article explores the latter aspect of Exp. ev. Luc. in light of the consistent rhetorical association of Jews and heretics, particularly so-called Arians, in Ambrose's commentary. Both groups are said to share a number of characteristics that Ambrose contrasts unfavorably with pro-Nicene Christianity. These include Jews' and heretics' “literary luxury” as opposed to pro-Nicene simplicity; their barrenness vis-á-vis pro-Nicene fruitfulness; and finally Jewish and heretical faithlessness in opposition to the Nicene faith that Ambrose constructs as the mark of true Christianity. Through a sustained examination of Ambrose's rhetoric in Exp. ev. Luc., this article seeks to uncover the framework Ambrose sought to create for his fourth-century audience by establishing and exploiting associations between Jews and heretics.
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Volfovska, О. "INAUGURAL SPEECH IN GERMAN AND ITS PROCEDURE IMPLEMENTATION." MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology 25, no. 1 (August 21, 2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.1.2022.263096.
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The article highlights the results of the study conducted to disclose the rhetorical potential of prosody in an inaugural speech. The material for the study was the speech delivered in 2017 by the President of the Federal Republic of Germany Frank-Walter Steinmeier. In this paper, prosody is considered from the standpoint of pragmaphonetics as one of the effective rhetorical means of persuasion, which not only forms the expressiveness of speech and makes political speeches more attractive to listeners, but also helps to achieve pragmatic goals of the speaker.The article analyzes the peculiarities of functioning of certain prosodic means (stress, pausation, speech melody, tempo and rhythm) during a politician’s public speech and defines the role of prosody in the implementation of functions specific to inaugural rhetoric. Through changes in the prosody of the speech some prosodic contrasts are created, which perform an expressive function, provide contact between the speaker and the audience, allow to avoid monotony and further enhance certain fragments of the message, thus drawing the listeners’ attention to the key concepts of the speech.According to the results of the experimental phonetic research, the importance of modifications of prosodic parameters for the realization of the communicative intentions of the speaker has been illustrated on the example of some fragments of the German president’s inaugural speech. It has been found that in order to increase the listeners’ attention, the speaker uses such prosodic means as more frequent emphasis, slowing tempo, frequent use of longer pauses, and speaking fragments of the message in an extended tone range.
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Lyn, Heidi. "Cultural Confusion: Parsimony, Social Learning, and Humpback Whales." Animal Behavior and Cognition 9, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.09.02.04.2022.
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In his viewpoint against the general zeitgeist of humpback whale song analyses, Mercado (2022) makes several problematic arguments Although minimized, his arguments are based in parsimony; Mercado is assuming that the most efficient answers are the most likely to be true – an argument not always supported by evolutionary data. Parsimony in Mercado’s arguments can be divided into parsimony of mechanism (which mechanism is “simplest”) and parsimony of explanation (one mechanism is better than two). Both of these arguments are flawed. The first because social learning is not as rare or complex as has been previously claimed and the second because complex systems, particularly vocal systems, frequently utilize more than one mechanism of change. Mercado’s data do provide interesting contrasts to the assumptions made by humpback whale researchers, but his use of rhetoric and straw man arguments undermine the potential impact of those data.
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Draper, Andrew T. "Resisting Whiteness: Christian Speech as Mutual Articulation." Journal of Communication and Religion 41, no. 1 (2018): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jcr20184113.
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Over the past eight years, the rhetoric of many pundits, politicians, and preachers has shifted from pronouncements about the beginning of a “post-racial” age to proclamations about the persistence of racism in the social fabric of the West. What of the tenacity of what Willie Jennings has called the “racialized imagination” owes to its genesis in religion?1 What if race is at heart a theological construct? This paper traces the genealogical accounts of Jennings and J. Kameron Carter, two recent contributors to the field of theological race studies,2 and contrasts them with common theological ways of thinking about Christian identity as a return to traditions of Western virtue.3 The paper closes by suggesting a way forward in resisting the sociopolitical order of whiteness through a scandalous mutual participation in joined bodies politic marked by difference and inhabiting shared space.
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Weber, Benjamin D. "Sworn swords: the Germanic context of Beowulf 2064, aðsweord." Anglo-Saxon England 47 (December 2018): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675119000036.
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AbstractThis article argues that the Beowulf-poet’s use of the word aðsweord, usually glossed as ‘sworn oath’ in Beowulf 2064 is a play on the words for oaths (að) and swords (sweord) intended to evoke the difficulty inherent in social mechanisms designed to end cycles of reciprocal violence. By tracing the idea of a ‘sword-oath’ as a means to secure peace through a number of Latin and Norse analogs, this article elucidates an important feature of Beowulf’s rhetoric in his speech to Hygelac’s court, showing how he contrasts his own heroic successes in defeating the Grendelkin with Hrothgar’s failure to cement peace between the Danes and the Heatho-Bards. The article thus offers a structural rationale for the Ingeld episode, which has often seemed repetitious to critics, and illustrates the value of criticism that focuses on the intersection of style, narrative logic and theme in Beowulf.
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Jakab, Miroslav. "Google Android: Behavioural Theories of Harm in the Light of New Judgments and Regulatory Tools." AUC IURIDICA 69, no. 2 (June 7, 2023): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2023.17.
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This contribution takes a look at the recent Google Android judgement of the General Court as a case study of antitrust informed by behavioural economics – the study of not fully rational economic agents. It contrasts the General Court’s pragmatic approach to economic evidence to the U.S. Supreme Court’s willingness to delve into economic theory, where the latter can prove more of an obstacle to the development of behavioural antitrust. It further concedes that cases relying on behavioural theories of harm can prove to be less predictable from a legal standpoint. This, nevertheless, does not obviate older legal tests, which might just need to be reformulated as requiring an analysis of effects, in line with the General Court’s rhetoric on the necessity to avoid false convictions in such cases. Lastly, the contribution argues that the relevance of behavioural antitrust will not fade in its entirety with new regulatory tools addressing similar issues.
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Cordingley, Anthony. "Puritan Genealogies: Robert Lowell, Perry Miller, and the Postwar Jonathan Edwards." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 138, no. 2 (March 2023): 274–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812923000135.
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AbstractRobert Lowell challenged the mid-century canonization of the eighteenth-century Puritan theologian Jonathan Edwards. He objected to the way the influential historian Perry Miller instrumentalized Edwards to buttress support for US imperialism, exceptionalism, and Cold War politics. Challenging received views about the Puritan rhetoric of the most recognizable of postwar poets, this article contrasts Miller's captivating thesis of the Puritans’ “errand into the wilderness” with Lowell's implication of Edwards in acts of colonial expansion and slavery. Lowell's Edwards emerges as a contradictory figure who, in Lowell's 1962 poem “Jonathan Edwards in Western Massachusetts,” is brought into discourse with the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century philosopher-scientists Francis Bacon and Blaise Pascal. Lowell fashions a Puritan genealogy within which Edwards is a cosmopolitan interlocutor and forebear of confessionalism; however, the theologian's flawed moral self-scrutiny occasions the poet's self-reflexive satire, as well as his model for a faltering, self-correcting rectitude.
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Altwaiji, Mubarak, and Muna Telha. "Socio-economic Issues Related to Immigrants in American Political and Election Discourses." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 5 (May 23, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n5p63.
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Nativism is conceptually different from xenophobia. A xenophobe is not necessarily a nativist. Nativism can broadly mean binarism and racism together. This study traces the history of American politicians’ nativist rhetoric and its reflection on the life of the immigrants. In the United States, nativism has largely been a part of the leaders’ political and cultural agendas and motivated the Black-White racial binarism. Moreover, nativism continues to second this binarism and secure it from criticism by projecting it as a high level of nationalism. This paper investigates, firstly, how the nativist speech influences common man; and secondly, how the life of the immigrants is affected by this discourse. This study contrasts with many dominant theories, which hypothesize that American political discourse is controlled by the elites and directed by their nativist agendas. This study, however, finds that American political discourse is subject to the nativist pride of common white citizens who share this anima with the elites.
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Lino Labrunie, Mateus, Caetano Christophe Rosado Penna, and David Kupfer. "resurgence of industrial policies in the age of advanced manufacturing." Revista Brasileira de Inovação 19 (December 28, 2020): e0200020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rbi.v19i0.8658753.
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This paper analyses recent industrial policy plans made by five leading countries: China, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom and United States. This is done through the analysis of policy documents, using an original framework. Our analysis reveals that these policies have two main motivations. First, the acknowledgement of new technological opportunities and challenges, that allow not only for higher growth rates and competitiveness, but also for addressing ‘societal challenges’ (persistent socio-environmental problems). Second, the growing understanding that, because of the increasing complexity of innovation, private sector efforts alone are not enough, and a higher level of convergence between actors and institutions is needed. We also identify that the policy structures and proposed instruments of these strategies are quite conventional, which contrasts with the rhetoric of these policies. This reveals that the ‘resurgence’ of industrial policies is yet not a return to the ‘old’ policies of the twentieth century, but a new breed, which is much more cautious of interfering with market mechanisms.
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Arli, Denni, and Gunaro Setiawan. "Who is more religious and ethical, Republicans, Democrats or others?" International Journal of Religion 4, no. 1 (May 11, 2023): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ijor.v4i1.2205.
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Reports show most religious groups in the United States, especially Christian evangelicals, are showing more affiliation to the Republican political party. Nonetheless, members of the Democratic political party are also weaving faith into their rhetoric. A citizen’s affiliation with a political party can change over time, and political affiliation might influence behavior. This study compares and contrasts individuals affiliated with political parties and those who are not on their: (1) decision-making process purchasing everyday products, (2) relationship with God, (3) and ethical and sustainable behaviors. Using Pew Research data (n=3,278), this study compares and contrasts individuals affiliated with political parties and those who are not on their decision-making process in purchasing everyday products, relationship with God, and ethical and sustainable behaviors. Despite significant differences between political parties, most of them have thanked God for something and almost half of them have asked God for help and guidance. The results show people in the U.S. with various party affiliations are somewhat religious and spiritual. The notion that only Republicans will be guided by religious beliefs is misguided. Almost half of Democrats in this study show strong religious values. The paper makes several contributions to this area of study. First, similarities and differences between individuals affiliated with political parties are determined. Second, myths about stigma toward a particular political party are debunked, and finally, insights for religious and political leaders on their followers’ behavior are provided.
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Sung-Gi, Jon. "Toward Wave Rhetorics for Scholarly Communications in Human Sciences." Journal for the History of Rhetoric 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.14.2.0207.
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ABSTRACT Traditionally, rhetoric is defined as the study and practice of persuasion, which is, according to Richards, “the theory of the battle of words and has always been itself dominated by the combative impulse”. This seems to have remained true. Foss/Foss even say that conquest rhetoric and conversion rhetoric have become almost “default modes of communication”. Scholarly communications do not seem to operate differently. Nonetheless, we can observe the emergence of diverse wave rhetorics, community oriented, in contrast with traditional “particle rhetorics”, individual centered. In this search toward wave rhetorics, recent Asian communication studies are not to be omitted. To deepen the research on these wave rhetorics, we need to reconsider the problem of language and misunderstanding, which is a main cause for communicational conflicts. This is a long and difficult process, which demands much imagination, creativity, and endeavor, but which is also well worth it.
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Price-Thomas, Gareth, and Nick Turnbull. "Thickening Rhetorical Political Analysis with a Theory of Distance: Negotiating the Greek Episode of the Eurozone Crisis." Political Studies 66, no. 1 (August 23, 2017): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321717708764.
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Rhetoric has re-emerged in political analysis. We identify two broad trends in the rhetorical analysis of politics, ‘thin’ and ‘thick’. Thin conceptions view rhetoric as primarily a matter of oratory. In contrast, the proponents of Rhetorical Political Analysis have developed an emerging thick approach, in which rhetorical concepts are applied more broadly and with more depth. However, this approach is significantly limited in its influence because it does not adequately speak to other sub-disciplines in political science, in which non-rhetorical theories are preferred. This shortcoming is addressed by applying Meyer’s new philosophy of rhetoric. The approach supports methodological extension through a theory of practice, grounded in social distance. An analysis of the Greek episode of the Eurozone crisis shows how rhetoric is used by key actors for the purpose of strategic positioning, in concert with non-rhetorical means of distanciation, namely, economic and political relations.
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Bosi Moreira, Bruna. "Between Contention and Engagement: US response to China’s rise in the Obama and Trump administrations." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 544–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2019.v8n3.07.p544.
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The article aims to assess how the United States has managed the rise of China over the last decade. This is achieved first by addressing the question in a theoretical framework and, second, by making an empirical account on the issue. Therefore, the article contrasts mainly realist and liberal accounts on contention and engagement and applies them to Obama and Trump administration's foreign policies to China. To do that, the paper analyzes the National Security Strategies of both administrations, using the method of content analysis. The research's main result is that the rise of China and the threats to the United States hegemony have been major concerns since the Obama administration. What has changed with Trump in power, though, is the means employed to address the problem, with a shift from engagement rhetoric to an open call for contention. Besides, the paper evidences how this shift is accompanied by a change in the conditions for China’s rise.
Recebido em: fevereiro/2019.
Aprovado em: setembro/2019.
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Xiao, Shiqing. "Navigating Contradictions in Chinese Diplomacy: The Dual Narratives of Peaceful Rise and Class Struggle in Soft Power Discourse." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 40, no. 1 (March 5, 2024): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/40/20240694.
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This research paper explores the intricate and paradoxical nature of Chinas soft power, focusing on the dual narratives of peaceful rise (PR) and class struggle (CS) within its diplomacy and global strategy, The study contrasts Joseph Nyes concept of soft power with Chinas unique approach, highlighting the interplay between Chinas soft power ambitions and its global image. Critical discourse analysis, particularly Faircloughs three-step approach, is employed to dissect political language and narratives, offering a deeper understanding of the intersection of language, power, and ideology in Chinese diplomacy. The papers pivotal section analyzes Xi Jinpings rhetoric on PR and CS, revealing Chinas portrayal of a harmonious global emergence alongside a realist perspective on international power dynamics. The paper delves into the implications of these contrasting narratives for Chinas global image and diplomatic relations. It underscores the significance of understanding Chinas soft power in a connected and multipolar world, providing insights into Chinas rise as a global power and its interactions with the international community. In conclusion, the paper highlights Chinas struggle to balance its historical cultural identity with contemporary geopolitical realities.
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Chirindo, Kundai. "A (Hetero)Topology of Rhetoric and Obama’s African Dreams." Journal for the History of Rhetoric 19, no. 1 (January 2016): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.19.1.0050.
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ABSTRACT The emplacements of rhetoric are manifold and the inquiries into the topologies of rhetoric are ways of understanding developments in rhetorical theory. To these ends, I contrast in this article the invocations of place in rhetorical theory old and new. In this long view, the spatiality of rhetoric appears to be multifaceted. I show that in Greco-Roman rhetorical theory, spatiality is topical, figured metaphorically and literally, and functions as a precedent condition for rhetoric. I argue that modern/postmodern theories differ from traditional theories of rhetoric not because they rely more or less on the materiality or immateriality of place, but because of their orientations to place as heterotopic, that is, as fluid and contingent. I then offer an account of how heterotopic rhetoric challenges orders of knowledge allowing for ever-new articulations through a close reading of Barack Obama’s Dreams from my Father. The heterotopology of rhetoric proposed here expands understandings of the heuristic function of place. The essay considers the implications heterotopic place holds for identity and subjectivity.
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Foley, Deirdre. "‘Too Many Children?’ Family Planning and Humanae Vitae in Dublin, 1960–72." Irish Economic and Social History 46, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0332489319880677.
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In July 1968, the papal encyclical Humanae Vitae reaffirmed the ban on artificial contraception for Catholics. Utilising Dublin as a case study, this article explores how the Irish medical and social work community, their patients and the Catholic hierarchy responded to Humanae Vitae. Drawing on a range of medical and diocesan sources, as well as diverse material from the news media, this article illuminates the change in private behaviour that took place with regard to birth control between 1960 and 1972, and contrasts this behaviour with the public rhetoric and actions of many Catholics in positions of power. Furthermore, it highlights class inequality regarding access to and education on birth control; the health and welfare of working-class women often suffered greatly as a result of multiple births. It is demonstrated that while many exhibited a more liberal shift in their views on the issue of artificial birth control, this was not a straightforward change. A strong, patriarchal network of authority, made up of the Irish Catholic hierarchy and an obeisant section of the medical profession, sought to reaffirm control over Catholic women’s bodies in the wake of Humanae Vitae.
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Worsley, Peter. "The Rhetoric of Paintings: Balinese Painters, Dutch Colonists and the Question of Gender Relationships in 19th and Early 20th Century Bali." Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) 11, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jkb.2021.v11.i01.p14.
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The present essay is about the interpretation of paintings and how an interest which Balinese painters display in gender relationships in the context of illustrations of ritual in their narrative works on the one hand, contrasts with strong expressions of Dutch disapproval of the despotic nature of the rule of Balinese kings and consequentially the unjust treatment of women in Balinese society on the other. With this in mind, the present paper first considers the representation of gender relationships in a number of Balinese paintings from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and then turns to a discussion of the understanding of Balinese gender relationships of two members of Dutch colonial society in the Dutch East Indies, one a senior bureaucrat, Graaf C.W.S van Hogendorp and the other the protestant missionary R. van Eck. I discuss a play by Graaf C.W.S van Hogendorp, ‘Pièce de Circonstance sur la conquête de Bali 1846’, written to celebrate the victory of the Dutch army over the Kingdom of Buleleng in 1846 and an article about ‘Het Lot der Vrouw op Bali’ (‘The lot of the Balinese woman’), published in the journal Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde in 1872 by the protestant missionary R. van Eck.
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McAdon, Brad. "Two Irreconcilable Conceptions of Rhetorical Proofs in Aristotle's Rhetoric." Rhetorica 22, no. 4 (2004): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2004.22.4.307.
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AbstractThis essay examines the inconsistencies in the discussion of proofs in Rhetoric 1.1 and 1.2. Recent commentators have attempted to reconcile these inconsistencies by claiming that ethos and pathos are to be understood as rational, inferential, or cognitive aspects of Aristotle's conception of rhetorical proof, thus linking the proofs in 1.2 to those in 1.1. In sharp contrast, I contend that the rift between the two conceptions of rhetorical proofs is even greater than most commentators acknowledge. I argue that there are two completely different conceptions of rhetorical proofs that cannot be reconciled in these two sections of the Rhetoric, that the inconsistencies are due to the tumultuous transmission and editorial history of the corpus Aristotelicum (and not to any of Aristotle's developmental views on rhetoric), and that the transmission and editorial history of the text needs to play a much more important role in our interpretation of the Rhetoric than it has hitherto.
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Braghieri, Nicola. "Alpi della Svizzera occidentale. La retorica dello «stile contemporaneo alpino» / Alps of western Switzerland. The rhetoric of «contemporary alpine style»." Regionalità e produzione architettonica contemporanea nelle Alpi, no. 1 ns, november 2018 (November 15, 2018): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/aa1801h.
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Geographically characterized by three regions with a very different nature that converge on the Lac Léman – Schweizer Alpen, Shweizer Mittelland, Jura suisse or rather mountain chain, lacustrine plain and calcareous barrier – the area of western Switzerland, also from the point of view of its cultural identity, has defined itself through the composition of this contrasting elements. This area cannot be considered entirely alpine then. You can also find quite big linguistics and religious diversities and cultural contrasts between the inhabitants of the countryside and the mountains, politically conservative, and the inhabitants of the cities with a liberal orientation. These differences are the key to understand the dynamics of building development of the region, characterized by the conflict between the idea of progress and that of territory conservation. They reflect on the environmental aspects, tourism promotion and service infrastructures. Since the second half of last century, the industrialization has triggered off the upsetting of the strong local balances, marking the passage from a mainly agricultural and pastoral economy to one of production and services, leaving on the ground hydraulic and infrastructure engineering. Also from the architectural point of view, the panorama seems to change to embrace the brave research of a language of synthesis between the lexical elements of the vernacular tradition and the raw materials of industrial logic. These elements are the background of the contemporary design culture, stuck between a complex management of the territory, the reiteration of formal features, the presence of aesthetic drifts and a harsh dialectics that sometimes mixes up protection with preservation, progress with development, development with abuse.
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McCoy, Rebecca, and Nora Haenn. ""Gentlemen-type rules" and "back room deals" in public participation: natural resource management and a fractured state in North Carolina." Journal of Political Ecology 20, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v20i1.21756.
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This paper examines the political ecology of a participatory environmental management setting. It argues the failure of participatory forums to meet their goals reveals more generalized features of the state, namely its fractured quality and inconsistent actions. Thus, rather than premise questions of how participatory forums might be more effective, researchers should first consider what cleavages and inconsistencies in the state that participatory forums reveal. How do the various actors involved negotiate these cleavages and inconsistencies? The paper explores disputes surrounding the Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina, USA. The argument centers on whether or not off-road vehicles might access the Seashore. Parties to the dispute have lobbied elected representatives, participated in a public forum, enacted litigation, and carried out campaigns of public admonishment. While using one part of the state to counteract the actions of another, supporters of off-road vehicles proffer a moral assessment which contrasts "gentlemen-type rules" with "backroom deals". The paper argues this rhetoric acts as a kind of cultural script that people use to corral heterogeneous state institutions into a single discursive framework that premises the kind of face-to-face relations where they are more likely to achieve their goals.Keywords: conservation; state formation; environmentality; environmental governance
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Tufail, Waqas. "Rotherham, Rochdale, and the Racialised Threat of the ‘Muslim Grooming Gang’." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 4, no. 3 (October 5, 2015): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v4i3.249.
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For over a decade, British Muslims have been at the forefront of political, media and societal concerns in regards to terrorism, radicalisation, women’s rights, segregation and, most recently, the sexual exploitation and abuse of young women. Demonised, marginalised and criminalised due to inflammatory political rhetoric, inaccurate, irresponsible and sensationalist media reporting, discriminatory counter terrorism policies and legislation and state surveillance, British Muslims have emerged as a perceived racialised threat. This has continued apace with the onset of the Rochdale and Rotherham ‘grooming’ child sexual abuse scandals which in popular discourse have been dominated by representations focusing on race, ethnicity and the dangerous masculinities of Muslim men. This disproportionate and racist narrative served to both frame and limit the debate relating to the sexual exploitation and violence experienced by young female victims at a pivotal moment when the issue had been brought to national attention. This article compares and contrasts the representations and discourse of racialised and non-racialised reporting of child sexual abuse and situates the ‘grooming’ scandals in the context of anti-Muslim racism. It argues that the development of the British Muslim as a racialised threat is a current and on-going legacy of colonialism in which this group experiences discriminatory ‘othering’ processes resulting in their marginalisation.
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Gervasio, Nicole Marie. "The Memory of Words." English Language Notes 57, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-7716240.
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Abstract This essay identifies a major blind spot in comparative memory studies despite the field’s recent “transcultural” turn: the danger of earmarking select globally recognized atrocities—specifically, the Holocaust, transatlantic slavery, and the Rwandan genocide—as emblematic analogies for renewed racial violence against marginalized groups. The essay points to a tendency to refer to these three events as limit cases for state-sanctioned violence in both public and academic commentary on rising authoritarianism. These events risk being reduced to monoliths, and the enormity of the crime eclipses the specific historical and cultural implications at stake in our contemporary moment. The essay calls on memory theorists to more aggressively scrutinize less ubiquitous, even previously peripheral histories tied to the interconnected legacies of colonialism, state terror, and slavery. As an example, this essay contrasts common comparisons between monolithic events and Donald Trump’s anti-immigrant rhetoric with the 1937 Parsley Massacre, a lesser-known genocide motivated by populist discontent in the Dominican Republic, depicted in Edwidge Danticat’s novel The Farming of Bones. Seeking more nuanced comparisons not only challenges us to better understand the details of contemporary fascism but also reinforces the remembrance of less-known atrocities at risk for erasure in world history.
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Burgos, Enric. "From «Cowspiracy» to «Seaspiracy»: Discursive Strategies in Contemporary Vegan Advocacy Documentaries." Communication & Society 37, no. 1 (January 9, 2024): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/003.37.1.115-130.
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Guided by the qualitative approach of film analysis, this article examines the discursive strategies used in the films Cowspiracy: The Sustainability Secret and Seaspiracy, while identifying contrasts with the rhetoric of other pro-vegan and environmentalist documentaries. The analysis of both films together serves to highlight: a) the prominence they give to environmentalist reasons for veganism; b) their different way of portraying violence against animals; c) their use of a detective plotline to articulate the narrative; d) their emotional use of first-person narration; and e) the emphasis they place on global responsibility for the environmental impact of animal-based food production and their proposal of specific, feasible solutions to reverse the situation. The study finds that Cowspiracy and Seaspiracy stand as evidence of the vegan advocacy documentary’s contributions to the environmentalist non-fiction genre to which it belongs, while highlighting the strategies used in both films (avoiding audience revulsion and promoting positive feelings; integrating fictional elements and fostering identification in order to seduce the audience; appealing to commitment and conveying proactive messages rather than a sense of helplessness) that enable the cognitive and affective dimensions to feed into each other for the purpose of persuading viewers and promoting individual and social change.
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Syafrizaldi, Iswahyu Pranawukir, Robbi Rahim, Mohamad Sudi, and Slamet Riyadi. "Comparative analysis of communication strategies in promoting csr programs: Pertamina vs Petronas." Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies) 7, no. 3 (November 28, 2023): 713–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v7i3.7385.
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This research contrasts the digital strategic communication approaches employed by Pertamina (Indonesia) and Petronas (Malaysia), two prominent Southeast Asian oil and gas corporations, in disseminating their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) projects. As environmental concerns and climate change intensify, these companies have advanced significantly in sustainable development. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is highly valued in modern society, particularly for oil and gas enterprises catering to regional energy demands. While Pertamina and Petronas fulfil national roles, they also confront global sustainability challenges. The methodology involves analysing the Instagram profiles of @pertamina and @petronas. The study employs qualitative content analysis to scrutinise visual rhetoric, engagement metrics, message framing, the frequency of CSR posts, and audience responses, including likes, comments, and shares. The results indicate distinct approaches by each company in utilising Instagram for their sustainability campaigns. Pertamina adopts straightforward communication techniques to elucidate its CSR initiatives, while Petronas employs storytelling to link business activities with societal issues. These insights could influence the digital communication strategies of other firms in CSR efforts. The study suggests that cultural relevance and societal significance can enhance stakeholder involvement on Instagram. It concludes that proficient digital strategic communications can mould public perceptions of a business's commitment to sustainability.
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Seyhan, Azade. "Why Major in Literature—–What Do We Tell Our Students?" PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 117, no. 3 (May 2002): 510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081202x61296.
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It is precisely because of the elusive character of real life that we need the help of fiction to organize life retrospectively, after the fact, prepared to take as provisional and open to revision any figure of emplotment borrowed from fiction or from history.–Paul RicoeurIn the aftermath of what has come to be known as Nine One One, literary texts became the last resort of consolation in a vast desert of mindless media commentary and aggressive but ultimately futile political rhetoric. The Philadelphia Inquirer promptly published email messages exchanged by four University of Pennsylvania students trying to grapple with the tragic enormity of the historical moment. For these students “[t]he old world died on Tuesday [11 Sept. 2001],” and they had to learn to live in a new reality. To make sense of this not-so-brave new world, they sought for answers in “books and literature” (“Facing”). Mass-circulated email carried messages of consolation in literary format across the cyber globe. W. H. Auden's “September 1, 1939” was reprinted in all the major newspapers and forwarded to countless e-mail accounts. The conservative columnist George F. Will quoted liberally from the closing lines of Albert Camus's The Plague. “Today's president, his rhetorical rheostat turned way up, vows that the current military campaign 'will rid the world of evil,'” observed Will with undisguised sarcasm. He countered the president's naiveté by citing Camus's allegory of the plague as the permanence of evil in the world. In the final paragraph of the novel, Camus's narrator, Dr. Rieux, muses that the plague bacillus never dies but lies dormant until its time comes to unleash its terror on an unsuspecting world once again. By invoking The Plague, Will wanted to remind his fellow Americans “who are mild in temperament and amnesiac in tendency” that for America “there are only two kinds of years, the war years and the interwar years.” The banality of this conclusion contrasts sharply with the profundity of Camus's final lines.
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Varetska, Olha O. "VERBAL AND PARAVERBAL CRITICISM: A DISCURSIVE STUDY OF GERMAN AND UKRAINIAN ELECTORAL SPEECHES." MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology 23, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.1.2020.207242.
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AbstractThe article examines the role of verbal and paraverbal means in conveying critical evaluation, based upon electoralspeeches of German and Ukrainian politicians. The paper contains an overview of the types, forms and functionsof criticism in political discourse. The study highlights the linguistic and, in a narrower context, discursive contrastsdetectable in German and Ukrainian political criticism. Furthermore, the kinetic means of highlighting criticalstatements in the electoral debates under analysis are specified.RésuméThe article represents a discursive study of verbal and paraverbal means of conveying criticalassessment based on electoral speeches of German and Ukrainian politicians. The paper containsan overview of the types, forms and functions of criticism in political discourse. The study highlightsthe linguistic and, in a narrower context, discursive contrasts detectable in German and Ukrainianpolitical criticism. Furthermore, the kinetic means of highlighting critical statements in the electoraldebates under analysis are specified. The study corpus includes overall 10 hours of the videofeaturing electoral speeches in German (A. Merkel and M. Schulz) and Ukrainian (V. Zelenskyi andP. Poroshenko). Through the identification experiment, 500 critical discourse fragments were singledout in German and Ukrainian, containing 340 relevant co-speech gestures supporting critical utterancesin the two languages; they were analyzed in terms of the types of co-speech gesture, hand shape, palmorientation, movement direction, and movement trajectory. The study reveals that the Ukrainianpoliticians are more emotional in electoral debates and support their critical assessments with impulsiveco-speech gestures using one or both hands, nods, body movements and pointing the index fingerdirectly at their opponent. At the same time, the German politicians display a calmer paraverbalbehaviour, attaching more importance to the verbal component of the critical assessment. Suchdifferences can be explained by the cultural traditions of political criticism in Germany and Ukraine:they depend on the mental and cultural characteristics of politicians, their motivational guidelinesfor critical rhetoric as well as on the personal rhetorical competence of the speaker, the degreeof eloquence of his/her speech, etc.
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Deterding, Sebastian. "Gamification in Management: Between Choice Architecture and Humanistic Design." Journal of Management Inquiry 28, no. 2 (August 15, 2018): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056492618790912.
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Gamification in management is currently informed by two contradicting framings or rhetorics: the rhetoric of choice architecture casts humans as rational actors and games as perfect information and incentive dispensers, giving managers fine-grained control over people’s behavior. It aligns with basic tenets of neoclassical economics, scientific management, operations research/management science, and current big data-driven decision making. In contrast, the rhetoric of humanistic design casts humans as growth-oriented and games as environments optimally designed to afford positive, meaningful experiences. This view, fitting humanistic management ideas and the rise of design and customer experience, casts managers as “second order” designers. While both rhetorics highlight important aspects of games and management, the former is more likely to be adopted and absorbed into business as usual, whereas the latter holds more uncertainty, but also transformative potential.
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Wei, Yong-Kang. "Ethos in Early Chinese Rhetoric: The Case of “Heaven”." Humanities 10, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h10010007.
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Though applicable in many Western historical-cultural settings, the Aristotelian model of ethos is not universal. As early Chinese rhetoric shows in the example of cheng-yan or “ethos of sincereness,” inspiring trust does not necessarily involve a process of character-based self-projection. In the Aristotelian model, the rhetor stands as a signifier of ethos, with an ideology of individualism privileged, whereas Chinese rhetoric assumes a collectivist model in which ethos belongs, not to an individual or a text, but rather to culture and cultural tradition. This essay will be concentrating on the concept of Heaven, central to the cultural and institutional systems of early Chinese society, in an attempt to explore collective ethos as a function of cultural heritage. Heaven, it shall be argued, plays a key role in the creation of Chinese ethos. This essay will also contrast the logocentrism of Western rhetorical tradition with the ethnocentrism of Chinese tradition. The significance of Heaven in its role as a defining attribute of Chinese ethos is reflective of a unique cultural heritage shaped by a collective human desire in seeking a consciousness of unity with the universe. Just as there are historical, cultural, and philosophical reasons behind logocentrism in the West, so the ethnocentric turn of Chinese rhetoric should be appreciated in light of a cultural tradition that carries its own historical complexities and philosophical intricacies.
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Kholodkova, Olena. "Rhetorical Scheme in Georg Philipp Telemann’s Sonatas for Two Violins or Flutes (1727)." Copernicus. De Musica 1, no. 1 (2022): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/cdm.2022.1.04.
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The relevance of this article is due to the lack of research of G.Ph. Telemann’s works in the context of Baroque rhetoric. The main purpose of this article is to reveal the content of the Six Sonatas for two violins or flutes by G.Ph. Telemann in the context of the rhetorical scheme. In contrast to the rhetorical figures, the components of the rhetorical canon in a musical piece are not commonly examined in fundamental theorists’ works, and for this reason we suggested to reveal ways of its realization in the G.Ph. Telemann’s duo sonatas. The results of the study have shown that a turn to the rhetorical scheme during the analysis is a completely historical and logical method. The understanding of the subject of musical rhetoric has changed in the historical space, but a great number of Baroque theorists considered the possibility of defining and turning to a rhetorical canon in music, in analogy with verbal rhetoric. The analysis of G.Ph. Telemann’s duo sonatas allows conclusively conclude that they represent four stages of the rhetorical scheme (except the memoria): inventio – as an introduction to a whole composition or as a subject (theme) of a single movement, as well as performer’s improvisation (before or in-between the movements), dispositio – as a specific plan of the form development; decoratio – the use of rhetorical figures and phrases, as well as compositional and performer’s ornamentation and pronuntiatio – methods of sound production, phrasing, dynamics and articulation. The correspondence between G.Ph. Telemann’s music and the rhetorical concept proves not only his profound theoretical knowledge, but also demonstrates the practical use of the rhetorical scheme in his works, which substantiates this analytical approach in this research and also takes researchers and performers to a deeper level of comprehension of the poetics in G.Ph. Telemann’s works.
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Yuan, Bin. "On the Pragmatic Functions of English Rhetoric in Public Speech: A Case Study of Emma Watson’s HeForShe." English Language Teaching 11, no. 3 (February 19, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n3p113.
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The current research is mainly conducted to explore the pragmatic functions of English rhetoric in public speech. To do this, methods of close reading and case studies are adopted. The research first reveals that the boom of public speech programs helps reexamine the art of utterance, during the delivery of which English rhetoric plays an indispensable role in shaping and expressing a speaker’s opinions, and then, with Emma Watson’s HeForShe as a case study, concludes the specific pragmatic functions of English rhetoric: parallelism helps strengthen opinions; irony shows dissatisfaction, disapproval or rejection; rhetorical questions invite no answers, but call for emphasis and sense of urgency; contrast describes difference(s) so as to show preference. Use of proper English rhetoric devices in public speaking as well as in daily life improves communicative effect and efficiency.
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Hewitt, K. "The Social Space of Terror: Towards a Civil Interpretation of Total War." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 5, no. 4 (December 1987): 445–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d050445.
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In the paper I seek to interpret modern warfare from the perspective of civil society and its geography. I emphasize the predicament of civilians who are subject to direct and deliberate armed assaults. Particular attention is given to enforced uprooting or removals of population, and to annihilation of urban places with weapons of mass destruction. Two case histories are explored, both taken from the last months of the Second World War. They are, the expulsion of German civilians from Eastern Europe, and the firebombing of Japanese cities, especially Tokyo. Damages and casualties are detailed. However, the main concern is to establish the composition, plight, and responses of civilian populations, and this includes their relation to national war efforts. It is concluded that the vast majority, because of gender, age, health, occupation, and class, were essentially marginal to, and little involved in, the war efforts of their respective states. This contrasts sharply with the assumptions or rhetoric of the theory of ‘total war’, and the practice of targetting civilians and nonmilitary areas. It is suggested that the majority of home populations remain civilians in the fullest sense of the term, even in wartime. From this it follows that assaults upon them by military forces are primarily strategies of terror, and that the ‘social space’ attacked is essentially civilian. Such uprootings and mass destruction of human settlements have, however, become an ever larger part of the war strategies, and the history of warfare, of most powers since 1945.
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Fudge, Judy. "Trade unions, democracy and power." International Journal of Law in Context 7, no. 1 (February 4, 2011): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174455231000042x.
Full textAbstract:
Should the law support union recognition by employers? If so, what form should this legal support take? These are the questions that Alan Bogg addresses in his excellent monograph,The Democratic Aspects of Trade Union Recognition. His focus is New Labour's 1999 statutory recognition procedure for trade unions, which he situates within the historical context of the United Kingdom's distinctive approach to the relationship between labour law and the social practice of collective bargaining – aptly (and famously) named collective laissez-faire by Otto Kahn-Freund (1972). Combining political philosophy and legal analysis, Bogg argues for robust legal support for trade union recognition that preserves the autonomy of trade unions to determine their own constituency and recognises their distinctive power to strike. Inspired by the idea of deliberative democracy and an ethical commitment to freedom as non-domination, he argues that civic republicanism provides the best normative basis for trade union recognition procedures. He contrasts this normative framework with the rights-based individualism and state neutrality characteristic of the liberal approach, which, he argues, is embodied in the United States and Canadian versions of industrial pluralism. Bogg also demonstrates the ‘yawning chasm between New Labour's civic rhetoric and New Labour's liberal legal reform agenda’ (pp. 118–19) when it comes to trade union recognition procedures. He concludes by offering a series of proposals that would enhance union recognition and further the values of freedom as non-domination, democratic participation through deliberative democracy, and community.