Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rhéologie – Microscopie'
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Comtet, Jean. "Rhéologie et tribologie aux nanoéchelles." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE027/document.
Full textIn this manuscript, we use a tuning fork based atomic force microscope to measure the mechanical response of various soft matter systems at the nanoscale. This instrument is used as a nano-rheometer, allowing quantitative measurements of viscoelastic material properties, and unprecedented characterization of friction and dissipation at the nanoscale. First, we show that ionic liquids can undergo a dramatic change in their mechanical properties when confined at the nanoscale, pointing to a capillary freezing transition. This transition is favored by the metallic nature of the confining substrates, suggesting the occurrence of subtle electrostatic effects in those dense electrolytes. Second, we probe plasticity at the individual atomic level, by measuring the viscoelastic rheological response of gold junctions of few atoms diameter. For increasing shear, we uncover a transition from a purely elastic regime to a plastic flow regime, up to the complete shear-induced melting of the junction. Our measurements give unprecedented insights on the plastic mechanisms at play in those molecular systems. Finally, we show that nanoscale interactions can have profound effects on the macroscopic behavior of soft materials. Focusing on the nonnewtonian flow behavior of concentrated suspensions of particles, we measure the nanoscale frictional force profile between pairs of particles of PVC and cornstarch suspensions. Our measurements highlight the dominant role of local interparticle interactions on the macroscale rheology of suspensions
Fujii, yamagata Alessandra. "Les propriétés adhésives et rhéologie interfaciale de mortiers colles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN035/document.
Full textAdhesive mortars consist basically of cement, sand, mineral fillers and a variety of additives (cellulose ethers, air-entraining, latex) and are used to glue ceramic tiles (and other pieces like stone, glass etc) to substrates. They are usually applied in a large surface on the substrate in the form of ribs on which tiles are put. In order to obtain a good performance it is important that when the tile is installed, the mortar rheological properties allow for good contact between them, even after several minutes (open time) of exposure to ambient conditions either at internal or external building areas. For this purpose, it is necessary to avoid the formation of a rigid and/or dry layer at the mortar-air interface, which may be difficult to be deformed or wet the tile surface properly. As the initial contact between mortar and tile is the first step for the development of adhesive properties between the materials, a good comprehension of the rheological properties evolution at the air-mortar interface is of great importance for mortar producers and users. In this context, this thesis firstly developed methods to evaluate interfacial properties and a microscopical technique to visualize the contact. Then, those techniques combined with already existent squeeze flow/tack test and rheological methods can be used to evaluate how polymer additives such as cellulose ether influence the adhesive mortar rheological properties in the volume and at interface to further understand the adhesive properties. And finally, with the use of NMR, those properties could be correlated with water distribution evolution
Beuguel, Quentin. "Systèmes multiphasiques à base de nanoparticules de talc synthétique : relations procédé - structure - rhéologie." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0046/document.
Full textAddition of clay nanoplatelets within a thermoplastic matrix or immiscible thermoplastic blend usually improves final properties of materials. Recently, a hydrogel containing talc nanoplatelets has been obtained from hydrothermal synthesis, opening possibilities of development of talc based nanomaterials, which could rival the nanocomposites based on organically modified clay.The presence of large amount of water in the mixing chamber leads to significant losses of inorganic matter and to the presence of a few synthetic talc aggregates. These observations require the use of a twin screw mini-extruder which is appropriate to the elaboration of innovative multiphase materials, such as the synthetic talc/polyamide nanocomposites or the synthetic talc/polyamide/polypropylene blends.The structure of nanocomposites based on synthetic talc is mainly composed of nanometric entities, but also of a few micrometric aggregates. It has been shown that an increase of the polarity of the polyamide favours the dispersion of synthetic talc at nanometric scale.In the case of filled blends, the synthetic talc particles are preferentially located within PA nodules. The reduction of nodule size is explained by the breakup of nodules, due to numerous cohesion defects between synthetic talc nanoparticles and polyamide dispersed phase. Moreover, increasing polypropylene matrix viscosity leads to a selective localization of the synthetic talc at the nodule/matrix interface.Relationships between structure and rheology of binary and ternary systems have been discussed
Laine, Antoine. "Sliding Friction at the nanoscale." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7076.
Full textIn this manuscript, we use methodes inherited from Atomic Force Microscopy in order to measure the nanoscale mechanical response of different systems. The focus is put on highlighting the frictional response and dissipation mechanisms taking place at the single asperity level, where soft and hard condensed matter meet.We first present the development of a new experimental tool allowing nanorheology and nanotribology measurement in controlled environment. The study of mechanical properties of nanoconfined RTILs with this apparatus revealed the glassy nature of these dense electrolytes at metallic interfaces.We then study the dissipation phenomena at the ultimate scale for metallic nanojunctions made of a few atoms. The absence of defects rationalizes their unexpected mechanical properties in striking difference with the macroscopic realm.In fine, we focus on the dynamics of a metallic interface made of a few atoms and develop new experimental strategies to probe the frictional response of the interface under harmonic applied stress. Our measurements are quantitatively reproduced numerically and reveal an atomic-scale quantized slip friction mechanism
Agoda-Tandjawa, Guéba. "Propriétés rhéologiques et interactions au sein de suspensions de cellulose et de systèmes biomimétiques cellulose/pectines." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2111.
Full textRifaai, Yasser. "Rhéologie des matrices hybrides composées de ciment et d’ajouts cimentaires activés." Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1069.
Full textWith the increase of the environmental concerns related to the production of Portland cement, the search for alternatives to achieve sustainable and rational construction is becoming a necessity. Indeed, the production of cement is responsible for the increase in global warming potential (GWP), which questions its widespread use from an environmental point of view. In this perspective, this study aims at reducing the environmental impact of building materials, in particular self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Geopolymers are one of the interesting alternatives that can reduce the environmental impact of construction. However, the incorporation of these materials in the construction markets faces difficulties as long as the understanding of their setting and hardening mechanisms is still a hot topic.The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of alkaline activator on the setting mechanisms and rheological behaviour of geopolymers based on fly ash, alkali-activated glass powders, and hybrid matrices composed of cement and geopolymers. This study aims to assess the rheological properties and viscoelastic characteristics of these matrices and evaluate the feasibility of incorporating them to design SCC. Coupling the rheological properties with other measures, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and microstructure, makes it possible to define different mechanisms governing the fresh state of the investigated matrices. The obtained results allowed to identify the optimal concentrations of the alkaline activator to achieve the required rheological properties and mechanical performance. In addition, the methodology used in this study allowed to correlate the rheological properties to the geopolymerization process. This allowed better understanding of the fresh state of these materials. Finally, the incorporation of the optimized pastes into the matrix of SCC was also evaluated. Self-consolidating concrete based on hybrid matrix has shown promising rheological and mechanical performances, as well as a lower global warming potential than conventional SCC proportioned with cementitious materials. These results proved that the use of hybrid SCC offers an interesting solution from an environmental point of view, while achieving the required rheological and mechanical performances
Amoussou, Guenou Kuassi Marcelin. "Etude de la distribution de la déformabilité individuelle des hématies par microtechniques automatisées." Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STET003T.
Full textHoutekins-Coste, Nadia. "Etude physico-chimique et mise sous forme nanoparticulaire d'un hydrogel binaire à base de carraghenanes et de caroxymethylcellulose." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON13519.
Full textIordan, Andreea Luminita. "Propriérés rhéologiques de matériaux biologiques : des suspensions cellulaires aux tissus." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10278.
Full textWe characterize the rheological properties of cell suspensions and tissues. The suspension concentration is varied over a wide range. CHO cell suspensions are used. In particular, we are able to characterize the flow properties of cells as well as their viscoelastic properties. The concentration-dependent yield stress and elastic plateau modulus are explained in the context of fractal aggregates under shear. These effects are related to intrinsic microscopic parameters. Then a model tissue is constructed, by including the same cells in a collagen matrix. To characterize the structural changes, confocal microscopy is used. A new important feature is observed, which is the breakdown of the collagen network, due to the presence of cells. Indeed, cells elongate within the gel and can remodel it, in a concentration dependent manner: adhesion of cells is easier when collagen concentration increases, but space is reduced. These two mechanisms compete and can explain the behaviours observed
Nassar, Waad. "La rhéologie des fluides magnétiques au dessous du seuil de Bingham." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00843471.
Full textLimage, Stéphanie. "Relations entre propriétés et structures dans les émulsions stabilisées par un mélange de tensioactifs et de nanoparticules." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30053.
Full textThis thesis is part of the ISS/FSL/FASES project which aims at understanding emulsion ageing mechanisms in microgravity. This manuscript is dedicated to the ground study of these emulsions, and particularly to those stabilized by surfactant/nanoparticles mixtures. These emulsions are diluted and composed of a paraffin oil continuous phase and an aqueous dispersed phase composed of the surfactant/particle mixtures. Emulsion characterization is performed with optical tomographic microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. A preliminary investigation of the dispersed phase shows that the proportion of surfactant and nanoparticles changes the rheological and microscopic properties of these mixtures. These changes allow the characterization of the coupling between surfactant molecules and nanoparticles. When these mixtures are emulsified in paraffin oil, a transition in the droplets morphology is evidenced. Indeed, dispersed phase droplets exhibit different shapes depending on the ratio of surfactant and nanoparticle concentrations: from spherical (for high ratios) they become polymorphous (for small ratios). Observations of these emulsions with cryo-scanning electron microscopy show the existence of nanoparticles microstructures that helps the understanding of the origin of droplets deformation
Machado, Anaïs Coline. "Contribution à la rhéologie des suspensions : migration, rhéoépaississement." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0161/document.
Full textFlows of non-Brownian suspensions are present in different fields, and exhibitdifferent behavior in function of concentration. Flows of semi-dilute suspensions aremainly governed by the spatial repartition of the particles. At low Reynolds numbers,it is indeed generally non-uniform due to cross-stream migration towards low shearedregions of the flow. In this work we aim at testing the idea that interactions betweenparticles could also be involved in the shear induced migration phenomenon. In orderto quantify the strength of shear induced migration, we take advantage of horizontalflow of buoyant particles in slits, where viscous resuspension is in competitionwith buoyancy.Using advanced particle imaging velocimetrie techniques and confocalmicroscopy, we measure systematically both volume fraction and velocity profiles.We compare two systems with and without interaction and any different was found.Concentrated suspensions exhibit a wide range of non linear rheological phenomena.This work characterizes the local rheology of a continuous shear thickening. We areused ultrasonic rheology and tomography RX in Couette cell for measured the volumefraction profile and velocity profile. We report that the rheological properties dependstrongly of the confinement and roughness, and sometimes we observed instabilitiesdue to the interface
Monti, Fabrice. "Microrhéologie de suspensions colloïdales non ergodiques : Relaxations locales, dynamiques lentes et vieillissement." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00560061.
Full textMalzert-Fréon, Aurélie. "Etude des interactions protéine-polymères dans des conditions relevant de la formulation de vecteurs particulaires." Angers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ANGE0507.
Full textIn this study, the interfacial properties of polymers of therapeutic interest were characterized. Some spreading or adsorbed films of poly(α-hydroxy acid)s (PAHA), the PLA50 and the PLA37. 5GA25, and some poly(ethylene glycol)s, and among them, the PEG2,000 and the PEG4,000, were studied separately, or as a physical mixture, or as a dibloc copolymer, at some fluid/liquid interfaces, in presence or not of hen egg-white lysozyme. In this goal, different tensiometric techniques (the Langmuir trough, the pendant drop method), AFM, and X-ray reflectivity measurements were used, and a rheological Maxwell model was applied. According to the polymers, PEG segments remain interpenetrated with those of PAHA in the plane of the interface, or they desorb. Furthermore, results of the study on PEG-lysozyme bulk interactions by various spectrophotometric methods are reported. The influence of the ionic strength on the protein conformational stability was also tested. It was shown that the prevention of lysozyme adsorption depends on the PEG chain density anchored at the considered interface. From these different results, interfacial interactions between polymers implied in the formulation of therapeutic particles were determined, and the strategies used to prevent protein adsorption were clarified
Robic, Audrey. "Etude de la variabilité chimique, physico-chimique et rhéologique des ulvanes, polysaccharides des parois cellulaires d'algues marines vertes de la famille des Ulves (Ulvales, Chlorophyta)." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2104.
Full textGreen seaweeds belonging to Ulva and Enteromorpha species are common worldwide. Collected or cultivated for human consumption, they proliferate in the form of “green tides” and result in harmful accumulations. They are rich in polysaccharides and notably in the water soluble ulvan which presents original chemical and gelling properties and afford novel opportunities for the biomass uses. The impact of the period of collect and stabilization treatments on the extraction yield, chemical, physico-chemical and rheological variability of ulvan from species contributing to Brittany “green tides” (U. Rotundata and U. Armoricana) were studied. The highest yields were obtained from actively growing U. Rotundata, from U. Armoricana at the end of the proliferation period and from brined seaweeds. The period of collect and the stabilization treatment affected the proportion of the two macromolecular populations constituting ulvans. The highest molecular weight ulvan was obtained from actively growing seaweeds and stored frozen. The storage modulus of ulvan gels was positively correlated with the proportion of high molecular weight ulvan and with the rhamnose, glucuronic acid and sulfate contents. Among different extraction conditions studied, hot dilute chlorhydric acid solution gave an optimal extraction yield. Microscopic studies indicated that ulvans are hydrophobic which led to the formation of spherical molecular structures that explain the low intrinsic viscosities of ulvan in solution. The gelling properties of ulvan with boric acid and divalent cations would arise from the association of these globules
Bauland, Julien. "Contribution des intéractions intra et inter micellesde caséines à l'organisation des gels laitiers : Importance des équilibres salins entre la phase colloïdale et la phase aqueuse." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARB356.
Full textDuring cheese manufacture, milk gelation is induced by addition of a proteolytic enzyme. The rheological properties and the structure of the resulting gel determine the management of the cutting step and the composition of the curd. The objective of the PhD thesis was to better understand the effect of the salt equilibria on the enzymatic coagulation of milk, and notably the effect of the two forms of cations in the casein micelle, i.e. the precipitated calcium (CaHPO4) and the cations (calcium and magnesium) that are directly bound to caseins.Expériments were performed at lab scale, using a reconstituted bovine skim milk as model system.The contents of precipitated calcium and cations bound to caseins were varied by salt additions and/or pH decrease to establish links between the mineral content of casein micelles and the enzymatic coagulation of milk.Ions were titrated experimentally and the salt equilibria were modelled using the software MilkSalts GLM. Gels were characterized by rheological measurements and microscopy observations.Results demonstrated that considering two forms of cations in casein micelles clarified the effect of salt equilibria on the enzymatic coagulation: the precipitated calcium content modifies the casein micelle rigidity and the viscoelasticity of the enzymatic milk gels. The net charge of the casein micelles and the gel firmness depend on the content of bound cations.Some of the physico-chemical levers identified to modify the gel structure at lab-scale were tested during continental cheese trials at pilot-scale
Py, Catherine. "Investigation fondamentale des émulsions multiples H/L/H pour application cosmétique : formulation - étude de stabilité." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20141.
Full textChiotelli, Eleni. "Influence de la formulation sur le comportement thermomécanique de l'amidon." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS018.
Full textFournier, Rémi. "Polymères associatifs par interaction covalente réversible diol-acide boronique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066401/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the synthesis and the physical chemistry study of water-soluble complementary associative polymers. Based on reversible covalent chemistry, this system brings into play the association of a poly(diol) and of a partially hydrolyzed poly(acrylamide) bearing boronic acid moieties. The latter are introduced by a grafting technique which has been optimized and finely characterized. The mixing of these two polymers allows obtaining viscous solutions and visco-elastic gels at relatively low polymer concentrations. The possibility to make formulations viscous below the gel point represents a remarkable result, which differentiates this system to numerous associative polymers based on hydrophobic interactions. In the gel regime, the linear rheological properties are analyzed with regard to the strength of molecular interactions which have been measured by boron NMR and a fluorescence technique. Non-linear rheology brings essential information about the relationship between shearing and the structure of the formed reversible network. The use of a visualization setup of samples under flow enables the observation of very non-linear local effects such as wall slip and shear-banding. The influence of various parameters, as pH and temperature, on the dynamical properties of solutions and gels can be rationalized and modeled in terms of scaling laws. The originality of this concept of associative system with complementary associations is put into perspective through a literature review on the relationship between architecture and molecular interactions on one hand, and rheological properties of associative polymers on the other hand
Attia, Hamadi. "Ultrafiltration du lait, de laits acidifiés et des caillés lactiques." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20157.
Full textLaribi, Saoussen. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques, rhéologiques et de filtration de deux argiles bentonitiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0910.
Full textThe study carried out within the thesis is a comparative physicochemical, rheological and filtration studies of a Tunisian clay and the Wyoming bentonite taken as reference, because of its great use as the drilling fluid. The two clays physicochemical results show that the difference between the Wyoming bentonite and the Tunisian clay is the 13% of illite presence. The comparative rheological and filtration studies led to the following conclusions: qualitatively, the same rheological and filtration parameters behaviour is observed for the two clays however, the difference observed was rather quantitative at the value level. One of the originalities of this work resides in the use of the analytical microscopy in the clays studies, the results revealed the extreme sensitivity of the clay's oxygen's connections and the electronic levels to macroscopic requests
Zhang, Zaicheng. "Nano-rheology at soft interfaces probed by atomic force microscope." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0157.
Full textRecent progresses in experimental and theoretical studies have shown that the liquid flow at micro/nano scale behaves differently from that at macroscale. At microscale, surface properties are predominant for the flow behavior at the boundaries. For high confinement, not only the physico-chemistry of the confining surfaces are important, their elastic behavior should also be taken into account. In this thesis, we used the dynamic colloidal AFM to probe the confined flow at soft surfaces (Air bubbles and PDMS samples) and we have shown that:• At the air-water interface, the presence of surfactant impurities modifies the flow near the interfaces in a drastic manner, which leads to the viscoelastic responses. The viscous and elastic forces acting on the sphere are extracted from the measurement of the sphere motion. Due to the surfactant contamination, the viscous force shows a crossover from non-slip to full slip boundary conditions and the elastic force also appears with a comparable value to viscous force.• At small distance, the viscous pressure induced by the colloidal probe vibration deforms the bubble surface and gives rise to the visco-capillary interaction. Thermal noise excitation or external acoustic excitation are used to drive the AFM probe. To explain our measurements, we have developed a simplified model based on a spring-dashpot in series and we have also performed numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equation combined with Laplace-Young equation. Fitting our experimental results allow us to measure the surface tension of bubble interface without contact.• The AFM cantilever is a powerful tool to probe the thermal motion of the hemispherical bubble interface. The spectrum of such nanoscale thermal oscillations of the bubble surface presents several resonance peaks and reveals that the contact line of the hemispherical bubble is fixed on the substrate. The surface viscosity of the bubble interface due to the surfactant contamination is obtained from the analysis of these peaks.• An elastohydrodynamic lift force is acting on a sphere moving near and along a soft substrate within a viscous liquid. The lift force is probed as a function of the gap size, for various driving velocities, liquid viscosities, and sample stiffnesses. At large distance, the experimental results are in excellent agreement with a model developed from the soft lubrication theory. At small gap distance, a saturation of the lift force is observed and a scaling law for this saturation is given and discussed
Darwiche, Ahmad. "Microrhéomètre sur puce pour l'étude de l'écoulement d'un liquide proche d'une surface liquide." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738427.
Full textChevallier, Christophe. "Écoulements élongationnels de solutions diluées de polymères." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529305.
Full textGastaldi-Bouabid, Emmanuelle. "Etude de l"évolution des micelles de caséine au cours de l"acidification : mise en évidence d'un état de transition entre pH 5,5 et pH 5,0." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20224.
Full textRabouille, Catherine. "Les interactions et l'organisation supramoléculaire impliquées dans la formation du gel d'ovomucine : études biochmiques et biophysiques." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD157.
Full textThe aim of this work was to understand in which biological conditions the ovomucin gel formation was possible. The ovomucin gel composed by ovomucin fibres obtained by dilution of hen egg white in distilled water exhibits a viscosity value comprised between 51 and 17 cP with a non newtonian behaviour when subjected to a velocity gradient from 0 to 300 s-l. When analyzed by gel filtration, it yields three majors peaks corresponding to ovomucin, ovalbumin and lysozyme. The interactions between the different components have been investigated by treating the gel with different specific agents and it has been shown that electrostatic interactions are involved in the globular proteins binding on ovomucin molecules while hydrophobic interactions take place in binding of ovomucin molecule together. It appears that the non newtonian behaviour persists if ovomucin fibres were present. The second part was the ovomucin purification in order to show that only the specific linear arrangement of ovomucin molecules was able to present viscous gel. We have induced a non specific aggregation by heating treatment and shown that it was not followed by an increase in viscosity of the ovomucin solution. In a third part, we would like to know the molecular structure of ovomucin, its size and shape, the mode of subunit association, the flexibility. . . Elastic and quasielastic light scattering experiments have been performed on purified ovomucin solution. This molecule is highly polymerized and forms a linear and flexible structure which appears as a random coil like molecule. The hypothesis of this thesis is to say that globular molecules of ovomucin interact together more or less specifically to form linear arrangement giving so the gel properties
Donato, Laurence. "Gelification et separation de phase dans les melanges proteines globulaires/pectines faiblement methylees selon les conditions ioniques." Massy, ENSIA, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003705.
Full textHeat-induced gelation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) mixed with low methoxyl pectin (LM pectin) was studied by rheology and confocal laser scanning microscopy coupled with texture image analysis. The structure of BSA gels, characterized by light scattering, depended strongly on NaCl or CaCl2 content. In the mixture, a competition between protein gelation and phase separation kinetics was evidenced and depends strongly on intrinsic and extrinsic factors of the systems and especially on the nature and content of added salt. Therefore, protein gels can be weakened or strengthened by the presence of the polysaccharide. In presence of calcium, both biopolymers have a specific affinity for this cation that is traduced, for LM pectin, by its ability to form a gel. In the mixture, a composite gel is formed. A comparison was established with mixture containing b-Lactoglobulin
Lootens, Didier. "Ciments et suspensions concentrées modèles : écoulement, encombrement et floculation." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007217.
Full textGonzalez, Aguirre Paola Beatriz. "Morphologie et comportement rhéologique de mélanges de maltènes/polymères et asphaltes/polymères préparés avec des polymères ramifiés de type SBS partiellement hydrogénés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL036N/document.
Full textA study of maltenes/polymer and asphalt/polymer blends, with two styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymers with four-branch star-like chain architecture is reported in this work. The employed polymers, with the same overall composition and distribution, were in-situ partially hydrogenated using a Nickel II Ziegler-Natta type catalyst without cross-linking or chain scission reactions. Blends were prepared by a melt mixing procedure and studied by fluorescence microscopy and rheological measurements. Results indicate that maltene/polymers blends are bi-phase heterogeneous systems with swollen polymer-rich and maltenes-rich phases, while asphalt/polymers blends are tri-phase systems with swollen polymer-rich, maltenes-rich and stabilized asphaltenes phases. In both cases, the rheological behavior of blends is mainly affected by the swollen polymer rich phase. It was confirmed that the rheological properties of PMM depend on the molecular characteristics of the copolymer such as the total molecular weight and molecular architecture, which determine the material behavior
Du, Fang. "Optimisation de l'architecture de mélanges de polymères polaires contenant des nanocharges hydrophiles : étude morphologique et rhéologique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10204.
Full textImmiscible ternary blends constituted of PA11 and PEO or PA6 and PA11 containing either modified or native clay were prepared by melt extrusion or by water-assisted extrusion. The effect of the type of clay and water injection during extrusion on thermal, rheological and mechanical properties has been evaluated for all ternary blends. Transmission electron microscopy highlighted a selective localization of clay in the less viscous phase in both blends, independently of the type of clay. With the injection of water during extrusion, the migration of a part of clay particles from the less viscous phase to the more viscous phase was observed for certain PA11/PEO blends. The theoretical prediction, based on the wetting coefficient according to Sumita’s model, does not correspond to the observed localization. Several explanations have been proposed, particularly the influence of viscosity ratio between the two phases. Morphological observations by scanning electron microscopy showed the influence of clay and water on the size of the dispersed phase. Rheological study revealed the impact of modified or native clay on the degradation of polymers which can be limited by water-assisted extrusion
Streppa, Laura. "Characterizing mechanical properties of living C2C12 myoblasts with single cell indentation experiments : application to Duchenne muscular dystrophy." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN008/document.
Full textThis interdisciplinary thesis was dedicated to the atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization of the mechanical properties of myoblasts (murine and human) and myotubes (murine). We reported that the mechanical properties of these cells were modified when their actin cytoskeleton (CSK) dynamics was inhibited or altered. Recording single AFM force indentation curves, we showed that adherent layers of myoblasts and myotubes introduced on the AFM cantilever an extra hydrodynamic drag as compared to a solid wall. This phenomenon was dependent on the cantilever scan speed and not negligible even at low scan velocities (1μm/s). We observed that the mechanical properties of the muscle precursor cells became non-linear (plastic behaviour) for large local deformations (>1μm) and that they varied depending on the state, type and environment of the cells. Combining AFM experiments, viscoelastic modeling and multi-scale analyzing methods based on the wavelet transform, we illustrated the variability of the mechanical responses of these cells (from viscoelastic to viscoplastic). Through AFM force indentation curves analysis, morpho-structural imaging (DIC, fluorescence microscopy) and pharmacological treatments, we enlightened the important role of active (ATP-dependent) processes in myoblast mechanics, focusing especially on those related to the molecular motors (myosin II) coupled to the actin filaments. In particular, we showed that the perinuclear actin stress fibers could exhibit some abrupt remodelling events (ruptures), which are characteristic of the ability of these cells to tense their CSK. Finally, we showed that this approach can be generalized to some human clinical cases, namely primary human myoblasts from healthy donors and patients affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy, paving the way for broader studies on different cell types and diseases
N'guessan, Kakwokpo. "Développement d’un gel vaginal à base de poloxamer 407, d’alginate de sodium et de Lactobacillus crispatus pour la prévention de la gonococcie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS588.
Full textGonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It has become a major public health issue due to multidrug resistance, especially resistance to the current last-intention treatment.Lactobacillus crispatus, a natural bacterium, commensal to the woman's vagina, has been shown to inhibit Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gels, a well-accepted dosage form, are already used for the treatment of woman's genital infections. Having a gel containing Lactobacillus crispatus, that is effective, easy to administer by the woman herself, would be ideal for the prevention of gonorrhea. Thus, we designed a gel based on a thermogelling polymer, poloxamer 407, and a biocompatible polymer, sodium alginate. First, a physicochemical study of the polymers mixtures allowed to select the optimized concentrations. Second, the selected Lactobacillus strain was characterized and introduced into the optimized polymer mixture. Physicochemical properties including rheological characteristics, expulsion from a device, stability, microstructure as well as in vitro gel efficacy were studied. A homogeneous distribution of Lactobacillus crispatus was observed in the gel. It was easily administered and its rheological properties were suitable for its spreading and its long reidence time in the vaginal lumen. This gel showed an inhibition of gonococcal growth in vitro
Couvy, Hélène. "Experimental deformation of fosterite, wadsleyite and ringwoodite : implications for seismic anisotropy of the Earth's mantle." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/20a4058e-6551-48e6-8d30-59857aa01f67.
Full textBreton-Dollet, Valérie. "Influence du couple température/cisaillement sur les propriétés rhéologiques de préparations à base d'amidon." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD888.
Full textBlavette, Didier. "Caractérisation de la structure fine des alliages par microscopie ionique et sonde atomique : étude de superalliages à base nickel." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES035.
Full textRelaix, Sabrina. "Cristaux liquides cholestériques en conditions non usuelles de photogélification : modulation du profil de réflexion de la lumière." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179999.
Full textLes travaux de thèse se sont focalisés sur l'obtention de propriétés de réflexion de cholestériques gélifiés atypiques, avec deux objectifs de recherche: l'élargissement de la bande de réflexion et l'accroissement de la quantité de lumière réfléchie.
La première partie du manuscrit de thèse propose un procédé d'élaboration permettant un élargissement de la bande de réflexion de gels de CLC. Cet objectif est atteint par l'utilisation d'un CLC absorbant la lumière UV, à l'origine d'un gradient d'intensité lors de la gélification. Des études par microscopie optique, spectrophotométrie et microscopie électronique en transmission ont permis de déterminer la distribution structurale à l'origine de la distribution des longueurs d'onde de réflexion observée.
La seconde partie du manuscrit se focalise sur l'augmentation de la quantité de lumière réfléchie par un gel réalisé à partir d'un mélange cholestérique qui voit son sens d'hélicité changer avec la température. L'impact de l'histoire de la polymérisation et du parcours en température après gélification sur les propriétés du profil de réflexion sera analysé avec une attention particulière sur la nature et la quantité de la polarisation du faisceau réfléchi.
Carpentier, Simon. "Caractérisation à l'échelle micro/nanométrique par Force Feedback Microscope." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY082/document.
Full textQuantitative measurement of mechanical properties of soft material at the nanoscale is a real challenge for many areas, particularly in biology. This thesis proposes a microscopy technique called Force Feedback Microscopy (FFM) for simultaneously measuring the static force, the stiffness G’(N / m) and the dissipation G"(N / m) at an arbitrary frequency at the nanoscale.This technique uses an AFM cantilever with a tip or sphere. A feedback force, that maintains in real time the position of the tip constant, ensures the mechani- cally stability and measure the static force. In this configuration, the linear regime of interaction and harmonic oscillator is obtained through small oscillation ampli- tudes. In formalism of the linear response, the stiffness G’ and the dissipation G" are obtained by a linear transformation of the amplitude and phase. Through case study (electrostatic coupling and hydrodynamic confinement), experimental performance is demonstrated.Thanks to the FFM, we present the measured viscoelastic properties of nanomenis- cus for different measurement frequencies. We highlight a thermodynamic system out of equilibrium, where the nanomeniscus oscillates at constant volume with a locked contact line.A method for non-contact measurement in liquid medium of mechanical prop- erties of thin and soft sample at the nanoscale is presented. This method, based on the work of E.Charlaix with SFA (the Surface Force Apparatus was the first instrument to measure the forces of Van der Waals), overcomes the forces of sur- faces that dominate at low indentation during direct contact measurement. The work done during my PhD positions the FFM as a nano-SFA.To put this method available to the greatest number, technology transfer to commercial AFM is performed
Fourdrin, Sylvie. "Optimisation du procédé de fabrication des non-tissés liés par voie chimique : caractérisation de la réticulation du liant et étude des mécanismes d'adhésion fibre / liant." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-19-20.pdf.
Full textLors de la consolidation d'un NT lié chimiquement, ce dernier subit un traitement thermique ayant pour but de faire réticuler le latex. Lors de la réticulation, les propriétés viscoélastiques du latex évoluent. C'est pourquoi dans un premier temps, nous avons choisi d'étudier ce phénomène au travers de plusieurs méthodes de caractérisation (traction, rhéologie, thermogravimétrie). Nous avons travaillé sur des latex commerciaux, mais aussi sur nos propres formulations. Nous nous sommes ensuite penchés sur l'étude de l'adhésion fibre / matrice en vue de définir les différents paramètres physico-chimiques qui peuvent l'améliorer. Pour ce faire, nous avons effectué divers traitements par plasma froid afin d'augmenter la. Compatibilité chimique entre la fibre et le liant. Une étude topographique des fibres par microscopie à force atomique (AFM) a mis en évidence les modifications physiques des surfaces traitées tandis que des analyses XPS ont révélé l'apparition de nouvelles fonctions chimiques de surface. L'affinité thermodynamique entre la fibre et le liant a été évaluée par une étude de mouillage et la résistance mécanique de l'interface fibre / matrice par le test de déchaussement (pull-out). Puis, nous avons exploité nos données à l'aide de trois modèles théoriques afin de classer les différents systèmes étudiés
Amiguet, Élodie. "Déformation expérimentale de diopside dans les conditions de pression et température du manteau supérieur." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10001/document.
Full textThe plasticity of mineraIs under Earth's upper mantle conditions plays a major role in the processes that affect the dynamics of the Earth's interior. The properties of mantle mineraIs are still not weIl constrained. The purpose of this work is to study the deformation of clinopyroxenes (taking diopside as a proxy) under pressure since they are a major constituent of the upper mantle. Oriented single-crystals as weIl as polycristals of diopside were deformed under upper mantle pressures and temperatures. Deformation experiments have been conducted using a D-DIA multi-anvil press coupled with synchrotron radiation in order to perform in situ stress and strain measurements. The microstructures of deformed samples were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Mechanical data have enabled us to determine the high-pressure rheological law for 1/2 <110>{110} glide systems. At high pressure and temperatures, 1/2 <110> and [001] slips are dominant while [100] and [010] slips remain the hardest slip systems. VPSC modeIling based on our experimental results agree weIl with the textures observed in our experimentaIly deformed polycrystals as weIl as those in naturaIly deformed samples. We conclude that clinopyroxenes tend to reduce the upper mantle seismic anisotropy
Dubuisson, Pauline. "Influence de la phase grasse et des polymères naturels sur les paramètres physicochimiques en lien avec la perception tactile de l’émulsion." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH04/document.
Full textEmulsions are widely used in cosmetics. Depending on their composition, they exhibit various properties in terms of stability, texture, microstructure and macrostructure. At the present time, there a few to no studies in the literature interested in the effect of the emulsions composition on these different properties and the existing link between these characteristics that are implementing a command of the formulation. To address this dual problem, fourteen oil-in-water emulsions were formulated, with a controlled formulation protocol, for which the concentration of oil phase, acacia gum and xanthan gum evolve. Solutions of xanthan and acacia gums were also prepared to compare the effect of the gums on emulsions to the one on aqueous phase alone. The products were then characterized, in the most complete and objective way possible, to illustrate the influence of the composition on the properties of the emulsions and how these interact. Numerous parameters were collected through : ensory analysis, mcroscopic observations and static light scattering measurements, rhlogical and instrumental texture analyses. t can be concluded that the emulsions are well differentiates and that each of the emulsion parameter impacts its properties with significant differences, the oil phase content being preponderant overall. elationships between the data set were highlighted and suggest hypotheses about the impact of the formulation on the tactile properties of cosmetic creams
Bandyopadhyay, Jayita. "Effects of nano-clay on the structure and properties of thermotropic liquid crystal polymer an its blends with poly (ethylene terephthalate)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28280/28280.pdf.
Full textJouanny-Bouyer, Eléonore. "Stabilisation d'émulsions d'intérêt pharmaceutique par des protéines et des polysaccharides : exemples de la β-lactoglobuline, de la gomme arabique et de la gomme xanthane." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056468.
Full textHennequin, Didier. "Composition, structure et texture des fromages à pate molle : une analyse multidimensionnelle pour une approche scientifique de l'innovation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL001N.
Full textJouanny-Bouyer, Eléonore. "Stabilisation d’émulsions d’intérêt pharmaceutique par des protéines et des polysaccharides : exemples de la β-lactoglobuline, de la gomme arabique et de la gomme xanthane." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA114802/document.
Full textThe main objective of this study was to formulate and characterize oil-in-water simple emulsions of pharmaceutical interest stabilized by β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), gum arabic (GA), xanthan gum (XG), and mixtures of β-lg:GA and β-lg:XG. The total biopolymer final concentration in the dispersions was 1 (w/w) % and could be raised to 2.5 (w/w) % if the formulated emulsions were not stable. β-lg:GA mixing was performed at pH 4.2 to allow attractive electrostatic interactions between the two biopolymers and thus the formation of complexes. Two protein:polysaccharide ratios were investigated: 2:1 and 1:2. Conversely, β8lg:XG mixing was performed at pH 7, where both biopolymers are negatively charged, in order to avoid the complex formation, and with a 1:1 ratio. A stability study was conducted for emulsions over a 6-month period. The obtained stabilities could be classified increasingly: GA 2.5 % < β-lg:GA 2.5 % < β-lg 2.5 % < XG 1 % = β-lg:XG 1 %. Several stabilization mechanisms were evidenced by the study of the biopolymer interfacial properties, the study of emulsion rheology and by confocal laser scanning microscopy observations with labeled fluorescent biopolymers. β-lg and GA were both able to adsorb at the interface of oil globule. XG enhanced the continuous phase viscosity. β-lg:GA mixing led to the formation of a stabilizing interfacial double layer. Finally, β-lg:XG association combined the stabilization mechanisms of both biopolymers, respectively: interfacial adsorption and enhancement of the continuous phase viscosity
Weber, Vincent. "Etude de solutions micellaires rhéo-épaississantes : du microscopique au macroscopique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13107.
Full textLiberto, Teresa. "Physico-chemical study of calcite colloidal suspensions : from macroscopic rheology to microscopic interaction." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1140/document.
Full textCalcite (calcium carbonate) is an extremely widespread material that can be found naturally in rocks (i.e. marble, limestone) and is employed in many industrial fields such as paper filling, pharmaceutical, art or construction. Understanding the mechanical properties of calcite suspensions is a first step to improve the workability of the paste as well as the final properties of solid mineral materials. Macroscopic characterization of calcite suspensions via rheological measurements are linked to microscopic interactions, via DLVO analysis. Our calcite pastes are weakly attractive systems showing a typical colloidal gel behavior and characterized by an elastic shear modulus and a critical strain. The elastic domain of pure calcite suspensions is characterized for a wide range of volume concentrations. The deformation at the end of linearity exhibits a minimum versus concentration, a major prediction of colloidal gel theory, never verified so far. The interaction forces between particles are tuned by addition of simple ionic species. Rheological measurements are analyzed through DLVO calculations, obtained by chemical speciations and ζ potential measurements on dense suspensions. Addition of calcium hydroxide improves initially the workability of the paste, enhancing the reactivity when in contact with CO2. The role of interaction forces is also evaluated with flow measurements. The addition of sodium hydroxide increases strongly the attraction between particles, inducing shear bands at the macroscopic scale. This correlation is well known for emulsions but never verified so far for colloidal gels
Donato, Laurence. "Gélification et séparation de phase dans les mélanges protéines globulaires/pectines faiblement méthylées selon les conditions ioniques." Phd thesis, ENSIA (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003705.
Full textPerrin, Hugo. "Lignes de contact dynamiques à l'échelle microscopique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC287/document.
Full textThis thesis reveals two dissipative microscopic phenomena close to the contact line in the fields of capillarity and adhesion. The study is based on dynamic experiments and theoretical predictions. Experimental measurement of macroscopic quantities and the hydrodynamic theory give access to dynamic information located close to the contact line. The different dissipative phenomena, located close to the contact line, originate from the properties of the substrates on which the contact line moves. For a heterogeneous rigid surface, we have developed a rheological model of the contact line based on hydrodynamics, in order to theoretically establish the temporal evolution of the contact line and its deformations. A modal decomposition based on the reduction of the energy by the reaction path theory allows a quantitative prediction of the thermally activated dynamics of the contact line, in agreements with the experiment carried out. For a deformable substrate, based on the analysis of two different experiments of wetting dynamics and on the estimation of the dissipation in the substrate founded on its viscoelasticity, a general understanding of the dynamical behavior of contact lines on viscoelastic substrates is achieve. Finally, this viscoelastic model is applied to the case of weak adhesion, where experimentally we measured the peeling dynamics from a viscoelastic substrate. This extension to adhesion bridge the gap between different interfacial phenomena into a general understanding
Ben, Azouz Kaouther. "Relation entre propriétés rhéologiques et structure microscopique de dispersions de particules d'argile dans des dispersions de polymères." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673467.
Full textEbagninin, Koblan Wilfried. "Relations structure microscopique-comportement macroscopique de suspensions de bentonite en présence de polymères." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6009.
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