Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rheological'
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Zhang, Kehao. "Rheological characterization of dental waxes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972299416.
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Scott, Shane. "Rheological Properties of Protein Hydrogels." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20565.
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Certain hydrogel forming de novo proteins that utilize different crosslinking
methods are studied experimentally on a rheometer. The stress reaxation
modulus of CRC, a telechelic, triblock protein, is shown to be that of
a stretched exponential function with a value of β ≅ 0.5. The insertion of
an integrin binding domain and changes in pH within the range 6.5–8.5 are
shown not to significantly affect the resulting rheological behavior. A selective
chemical crosslinker is used on CRC hydrogel systems and is shown to
change the rheological behavior of the system to that of a combination of a
chemically and physically crosslinked system. Chemically crosslinked hydrogels
composed of W6, a wheat gluten-based protein, demonstrate a storage
modulus weakly dependent on the angular frequency that is much greater
than the loss modulus, with a modulus concentration dependence of c^9/4.
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Fang, Yunli. "Rheological effect in film blowing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0019/MQ48852.pdf.
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Yeong, Shoot Klan. "Rheological properties of lubricating grease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251581.
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Varsani, Vijay. "Rheological behaviour of metallic liquids." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436281.
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Gallat, Stephanie. "Rheological properties of reworked butters." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259761.
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Morey, Michaela. "Rheological studies of molten chocolate." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250282.
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Moolman, Pieter Lafras. "Rheological model for paint properties." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1110.
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Thesis (PhD (Process Engineering))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.The feasibility of predicting paint properties directly from the raw material formulation as well as the rheological data is investigated in this study. Although extensive work has been carried out on the prediction of paint properties in terms of the raw material data, very little research has been carried out on the prediction of paint properties in terms of the rheological data. Little is known about the relationship between fundamental rheological properties and real-world performance. The paint under investigation consists of fourteen raw materials. These raw materials interact in a very complex manner to produce certain desired paint properties. Evaluation of these interactions in terms of constitutive equations is almost impossible and the relationships between paint properties, raw materials and rheology can only be modelled in a statistical way. Linear relationships are investigated with linear parameter estimation techniques such as multiple linear regression. However, it has been found that many of these relationships are non-linear and that linear modelling techniques are no longer applicable for certain situations, e.g. at very high concentrations of specific raw materials. Non-linear techniques such as neural networks are used in these situations. The relationship between the raw materials, paint properties and rheology are evaluated using the following three models: · MODEL 1: The relationship between rheology and raw materials · MODEL 2: The relationship between paint properties and raw materials · MODEL 3: The relationship between paint properties and rheology MODEL 1 makes use of techniques such as principal component analysis and preliminary modelling to respectively reduce redundancy and to capture as much data as possible. MODELS 2 and 3 make use of linear screening techniques in order to identify relevant raw materials and paint properties. The validity of every model is checked to ensure that predictions and interpretations are unbiased and efficient. MODEL 1 revealed that emulsion, extender particles, pigment, water, organic pigment and solvent are the six most important raw materials affecting the rheology of the specific paint. The rheology curves that are predicted most accurately by means of multiple linear regression are the “Amplitude Sweep” (AS), “3-Interval-Thixotropy-Test” (3-ITT) and the “Flow Curve” (FC). Non-linear rheological behaviour is encountered at high pigment volume concentrations (PVC) and volume solids (VS), due to the strong dependency of the rheology of the paint on these properties. It has been shown that neural networks perform better than multiple linear regression in predicting the rheological behaviour of these paint samples for which the raw materials vary by more than 20% from the standard formulation. On average, neural networks improve predictability of the rheological parameters of these samples by 54%. The largest improvement in predictability is made on the rheological variable “Extra Low Frequency” value (CXLF), where multiple linear regression resulted in relative errors of 59%, while neural networks resulted in errors of only 5%. Other predictions of rheology curves where neural networks have shown a major improvement on predictability are the “Time Sweep” (TS) – 68% increase in accuracy and “Low Shear” curve (LS) – 63% increase in accuracy. The smallest increase that the neural network had on the predictability of a rheology curve, was a 33% increase in accuracy of the “Amplitude Sweep” (AS) predictions. Multiple linear regression models of MODEL 2 predict the critical paint properties of Opacity, Gloss, Krebs Viscosity and Dry Film Thickness with relative errors smaller than 10%. It has been shown that 90% of all new predictions fall within the allowable error margin set by the paint manufacturer. Paint properties that can be predicted with an expected error of between 10% and 20% are Dry and Wet Burnish, Open Time and Water Permeability. Paint properties that are predicted the most inaccurately by MLR, that results in errors larger than 20% are Dirt Pick-Up and Sagging. Non-linear techniques such as neural networks are used to predict the paint properties of these paint samples for which the raw materials vary by more than 20% from the standard formulation. The neural networks show a major improvement on the predictability of the paint properties for those paint samples that vary more than 20% from the standard formulation. On average, neural networks improve predictability of the paint properties by 47%. The largest improvement in predictability is made on the Wet Burnish20 prediction, where multiple linear regression resulted in relative errors of 66%, while neural networks resulted in errors of only 0.6%. Other paint property predictions where neural networks have shown a major improvement on predictability of 80% or more in accuracy are Gloss – 80% increase in accuracy and Dry Film Thickness – 81% increase in accuracy. The smallest increase that the neural network had on the predictability of a paint property, was a 33% increase in accuracy of the Sag predictions. MODEL 2 makes it possible for the paint manufacturer to test tolerances around certain paint properties during manufacturing. Rheology is still a very under-utilised tool for explaining certain paint properties. MODEL 3 quantified the correlation between fundamental rheological properties and real world performance of a paint. It has been shown that rheological measurements can be used accurately to predict certain critical paint properties such as Opacity, Krebs Viscosity, Dry Film Thickness and Gloss within the allowable error margin given by the paint manufacturer. Multiple linear regression models predict the paint properties of Opacity, Krebs Viscosity and Dry Film Thickness with relative errors smaller than 10%, with rheology as input to the model. A neural network of MODEL 3 was developed to predict the paint properties of those paint samples that vary more than 20% from the standard formulation, by using rheology data as input to the model. The neural networks perform better than multiple linear regression in predicting the paint properties of these paint samples. On average, neural networks that use rheology data as input, predict the paint properties 49% more accurate than equivalent multiple linear regression models. The greatest improvement in model predictability is for Water Permeability - 73% increase in accuracy and Gloss - 70% increase in accuracy....
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Howarth, Leslie George. "Rheological studies of bentonite dispersions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/8cd3b134-1a67-40b0-a779-70559df77948.
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Kottke, Peter Arthur. "Rheological Implications of Tension in Liquids." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5015.
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This research investigates effects of tensile stresses in liquids. Areas of application include bearing lubrication and polymer processing, in which liquids may be subjected to hydrostatic tension or large shear stresses.
A primary thrust of this research is the development of a criterion for liquid failure, or cavitation, based upon the general state of stress in the liquid. A variable pressure, rotating inner cylinder, Couette viscometer has been designed and used to test a hypothesized cavitation criterion. The criterion, that cavitation will occur when a principal normal stress in a liquid becomes more tensile than some critical stress, is supported by the results of experiments with the viscometer for a Newtonian liquid. Based upon experimental observation of cavitation, a model for cavitation inception from crevice stabilized gas nuclei, and gaseous, as opposed to vaporous, cavitation is hypothesized.
The cavitation inception model is investigated through numerical simulation, primarily using the boundary element method. Only Newtonian liquids are modeled, and, for simulation purposes, the model is reduced to two dimensions and the limit of negligible inertia is considered. The model includes contact line dynamics. Mass transport of dissolved gas through the liquid and in or out of the gas nucleus is considered. The numerical simulations provide important information about the probable nature of cavitation nucleation sites as well as conditions for cavitation inception.
The cavitation criterion predicts cavitation in simple shear, which has implications for rheological measurements. It can cause apparent shear thinning and thixotropy. Additionally, there is evidence suggesting a possible link between shear cavitation and extrusion defects such as sharkskin. A variable pressure capillary tube viscometer was designed and constructed to investigate a hypothesized relationship between shear cavitation and extrusion defects. Results indicate that despite the occasional coincidence of occurrence of cavitation and sharkskin defects, cavitation cannot explain the onset of extrusion defects.
If nuclei are removed, then liquids can withstand a negative hydrostatic pressure. A falling body viscometer has been constructed and used to investigate the effect of negative pressures on viscosity. It is found that current pressure viscosity models can be accurately extrapolated to experimentally achievable negative pressures.
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O'Connor, Niall Patrick Taaffe. "Rheological theory of entangled polymer melts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259630.
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Khan, Shahid Wahab. "Rheological properties of talc-filled polypropylene." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7567.
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In this study polypropylene was modified by a range of talc (Mg3(OH)2Si4OlO) fillers. Three different types of surface modifiers were also used, two types of silanes (octyltriethoxysilane and y-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) and maleic anhydride modified polypropylene plus polyethylene wax as an external lubricant. A series of compounds were prepared in an APV twin screw compounder, based on talc addition level, morphology, particle size, surface coatings and coupling agents. The study showed that addition of talc to PP increases the shear viscosity and the blend system generally follows the power law in the shear rate range studied. The experimental values obtained with talc-filled PP were compared with theoretical data obtained from the Maron-Pierce type equation. It was found that theory predicts a higher value of relative viscosity for some talc fillers. A model equation is proposed for talc-filled PP that predicts accurately relative viscosity of the compound for different volume fractions of talc filler. PP-filled with talc having predominantly acicular particles (high surface area), shows a highest shear viscosity values, since high surface area fillers tend to increase the occluded polymer increasing the effective filler volume. The addition of a high level of coating decreasess hearv iscosity of the system,a ddition of a reactivec oupling systems lightly increasess hearv iscosity. Wall slip for unfilled PP was consistently evident. The slip velocity increases systematically with shear stress, but there is a critical value below which slip velocity was negligible. Addition of talc decreased the slip velocity at a given stress. A mechanism of slip has been proposed whereby a 'slip layer' on the die surface provides a sharp, low energy interface over which, at sufficiently high shear stress, the fluid PP can slip. A new empirical model has been proposed to predict the slip velocity of filled PP, as a function of talc volume fraction. PP filled with 10 % wt. talc having predominantly acicular particles, showed a higher slip velocity than PP filled with talc of other morphologies. It was observed that slip velocity increased by coating talc (either by use of coating or coupling agents) due to modification of velocity distributions in the flow channel. Extrudate swell increases with increasing shear rate for unfilled and talc-filled PP compounds. Inclusion of talc generally decreases the swell over the entire range of shearr ates studied,b ecauset he addition of talc to PP increasesth e shear/extensional modulus and thereby decreasede lastic strain recovery. No appreciablei nfluence of particle size on swell ratio was observed. Coating talc with octyltriethoxysilane produces higher swell relative to uncoated filled PP, and higher coating levels consistently produced higher swell values. However, coupling agent 7- aminopropyltriethoxsilane and maleic anhydride modified polypropylene both reduced the swell of the filled polymer system, with a more pronounced effect in extension than in shear. Swell decreased with an increase in capillary length-todiameter ratio and increased with increase in shear rate, (or shear stress) with or without coating/coupling agent. Addition of talc fillers delayed the onset of melt fracture and higher loadings of talc completely suppressed the melt fracture in the range of shear rate studied. Melt fracture for unfilled and filled PP has been studied and quantified by the frequency of the melt distortion. A mechanism for polymer melt fracture has been proposed to explain the results, based on the tensile failure of the material in extensional deformation. It was found that shear rate and die L/D ratio were the major causes of changesin severity of melt fracture for the unfilled and talc-filled compoundss tudied. However, talc morphology and particle size did not have significant effects on the severity of melt fracture.
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Ozer, Barbaros Hamdi. "Rheological properties of labneh (concentrated yoghurt)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267428.
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NICOLEIT, CARLA NUNES DE OLIVEIRA. "RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WATER-OIL EMULSIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24874@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
As emulsões se formam naturalmente nos reservatórios e durante a exploração do petróleo. A presença de agentes tensoativos, principalmente nos óleos pesados, ajuda na sua estabilização. A alta viscosidade dos óleos pesados gera uma maior dificuldade da sua exploração, e por isso o conhecimento da emulsão formada com esse óleo reduz seu custo de produção. O tipo de emulsão formada, o tamanho de gota e sua distribuição afetam o comportamento reológico da emulsão. Neste trabalho, emulsões foram criadas a partir de um óleo sintético newtoniano de viscosidade próxima à de um óleo pesado. A água utilizada na formação das emulsões era deionizada e com diferentes surfactantes. As características reológicas das emulsões foram medidas. Em sua maioria as caracterizações reológicas foram feitas a 10 graus Celcius, através de testes oscilatórios de pequena amplitude, testes de escoamento permanente, e testes de fluência. Todas as emulsões eram de água em óleo, formadas com 80 por cento de óleo. O tamanho das gotas de água era da ordem de 10 microns. As emulsões apresentaram comportamento elástico-dominante no regime viscoelástico linear. Os resultados dos testes de regime permanente mostraram que a viscosidade das emulsões é bem descrita pelo modelo de Herschel-Bulkley. Foram feitos testes de regime permanente também a 4 graus Celcius, para investigar a influência da temperatura na viscosidade, mas nenhuma mudança significativa foi observada. Finalmente, testes de fluência foram feitos com o objetivo de determinar a tensão limite de escoamento das emulsões.
Emulsions are formed naturally in the reservoirs and during oil exploration, and the surfactants primarily present in heavy oil, helps its stabilization. The high viscosity of heavy oil generates greater difficulty on the operation, so the knowledge of the emulsion formed with this kind of oil reduces its cost of production. The type of emulsion formed, the droplet size and its distribution affect the rheology of the emulsion. in this work, emulsions were created with a Newtonian synthetic oil whose viscosity is close to the one of a heavy oil. The water employed in the emulsion preparation was deionized and contained different surfactants. Rheological characterizations were performed at 10 degrees Celcius in most cases, and included small-amplitude oscillatory tests, steady-state flow tests and creep tests. All emulsions were oil-in-water, and were composed of 80 per cent of oil. The water droplet size was about 10 microns. The emulsions exhibited a predominantly elastic behavior in the linear viscoelastic regime. The steady-state flow test results showed that the emulsions possess tests and the results showed that the emulsion viscosity is well described by the Herschel-Bulkley model. Some tests were also done at 4 degrees Celcius, to investigate the influence of temperature on viscosity, but no significant change was found. Finally, creep tests were performed to determine the yield stress of the emulsions.
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Poynor, James Conner. "Innovative Designs for Magneto-Rheological Dampers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34520.
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Magnetorheological dampers, or as they are more commonly called, MR dampers, are being developed for a wide variety of applications where controllable damping is desired. These applications include dampers for automobiles, heavy trucks, bicycles, prosthetic limbs, gun recoil systems, and possibly others.
This thesis first introduces MR technology through a discussion of MR fluid and then by giving a broad overview of MR devices that are being developed. After giving the reader an understanding of MR technology and devices, MR damper basics are presented. This section includes a discussion of MR damper types, mathematical fundamentals, and an approach to magnetic circuit design.
With the necessary background information covered, MR dampers for automotive use are then discussed. Specifically, designs for MR dampers that were built for a Mercedes ML-430 and for a Ford Expedition are presented along with their respective test results. These test results are presented and compared with the original equipment hydraulic dampers.
After discussing automotive MR dampers, designs for gun recoil applications are presented. Specifically, two different MR damper designs are discussed along with live-fire test results for the first damper.
Finally, two hybrid dampers that were based on a modified adjustable hydraulic damper are presented. These hybrid dampers, if pursued further, may develop into controllable replacements for large hydraulic dampers such as those installed on large vehicles and field Howitzers. In conclusion, recommendations are made for materials as well as for seal selection and other design aspects.Master of Science
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Koos, Erin Crystal Hunt Melany L. Hunt Melany L. "Rheological measurements in liquid-solid flows /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : Caltech, 2009. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03032009-092653.
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Asadipour, Nina. "Rheological models for tissue relaxation and fluidisation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392716.
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We present a cell-centred model for the simulation of multicellular soft tissues that takes into account the underlying active process at the cytoskeletal level, and allows for active and passive cell-cell reorganisation and intercalation. In the cell centred model, each cell is treated as a discrete entity and adjacent cell centres are connected by bar elements holding the rheological properties of cell-cell interactions. Cell-cell connectivity is determined with Delaunay triangulation of the cell-centres (nuclei). We use Voronoi tessellation and barycentric tessellation in order to represent the cell domains.
We develop a viscoelastic bar element that can handle multiple rheological laws with non-linear elastic and non-linear viscous material models. The bar element is built by joining in series an elastic and viscous bar, constraining the middle node position to the bar axis with a reduction method, and statically condensing the internal degrees of freedom. Also, we develop a new rheological model based on dynamical changes of the resting length which mimics the viscoelastic response.
It has been experimentally observed that cells exhibit a fluidisation process when subjected to a transient stretch, with an eventual recovery of the mechanical properties upon removal of the applied deformation. This fluidisation process is characterised by a decrease of the stored modulus and an increase of the phase angle. We propose a rheological model which is able to reproduce this combined mechanical response. The model is described in the context of continua and adapted to a cell-centred particle system that simulates the cell-cell interaction. Mechanical equilibrium is coupled with two evolution laws: (i) one for the reference configuration, and (ii) another for the porosity or polymer density. The first law depends on the actual elastic strain of the tissue, while the second assumes different remodelling rates during porosity increase and decrease. The theory is implemented on the particle based model and tested on a stretching numerical simulation, which agrees with the experimental measurements for different stretching magnitudes.
The rheological law is also applied to simulate the stress relaxation that suspended monolayers undergo when subjected to a constant stretch. The numerical model is here applied on in multiple branches, so that the response with different characteristic times is reproduced.
By using Delaunay triangulations and Voronoi tessellations, the model presented in this thesis also opens the possibility to test different combined rheological laws in cytoskeletal and cortical regions of cellular networks.Los tejidos activos muestran un comportamiento poroelástico, reblandecimiento, endurecimiento y fluidización reversible. El resultado de este comportamiento no lineal es debido a los múltiples procesos que tienen lugar a distintas escalas: proteínas motoras activas que actúan sobre la estructura polimérica de la célula, (de-)polimerización y remodelado del citoesqueleto, cambios en el volumen del citoplasma y cambios de la conectividad entre células a nivel del tejido. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es entender las propiedades mecánicas de los tejidos blandos al estar sometidos a un proceso de fluidización y relajación. Para conseguir este objetivo, se desarrolla una teoría matemática y métodos de simulación que reproducen las observaciones experimentales. Se presenta un modelo centrado en la célula par la simulación de tejidos multicelulares blandos que tiene en cuenta los procesos activos en el citoesqueleto, y permite la reorganización e intercalación activa y pasiva entre células. En el modelo centrado, cada célula se considera una entidad discreta a la cual las células adyacentes se conectan mediante elementos barra que contienen las propiedades reológicas de la interacción celular. La conectividad entre células se determina per medio de una triangulación de Delaunay de los núcleos de los centros celulares (núcleos). Se recurre a un teselado de Voronoi y a uno usando los baricentros de la triangulación para representar los dominios de las células. Se desarrolla un elemento de barra viscoelástico que puede incorporar múltiples leyes reológicas con modelos elásticos y viscosos no lineales. El elemento se construye a partir dela unión en serie de elementos elásticos y viscosos, restringiendo la posición del nodo interno a estar en el eje de la barra, y recurriendo a la condensación estática de los grados de libertad internos. Además, se desarrolla un nuevo modelo reológico basado en los cambios dinámicos de la longitud de reposo que mimetiza la respuesta viscoelástica. Se ha observado experimentalmente que las células muestran un proceso de fluidización cuando están sujetas a un estiramiento transitorio, y que recobran sus propiedades mecánicas al desaparecer la deformación impuesta. Este proceso de fluidización se caracteriza por una reducción del módulo de rigidez elástico (stored modulus) y un incremento del ángulo de fase. Se propone un modelo reológico que permite reproducir esta respuesta mecánica combinada. El modelo se describe en el contexto del medio continuo y adaptado al sistema de partículas centrado en las células que simula la interacción intercelular. El equilibrio mecánico se acopla con dos leyes de evolución: (i) una para la configuración de referencia, y (ii) para la porosidad o densidad polimérica. La primera ley depende en la deformación elástica del tejido, mientras que la segunda sume distintas velocidades de deformación durante el incremento y decremento de porosidad. La teoría se implementa en el modelo de partículas y aplicado en una simulación numérica. Los resultados se ajustan a las medidas experimentales para distintos valores del alargamiento máximo. La ley reológica es utilizada también para simular la relajación de tensiones de una monocapa creada en suspensión y sujeta a una deformación constante. El modelo numérico se aplica a distintas ramas para reproducir la respuesta con distintos tiempos característicos. Mediante el uso de triangulaciones de Delaunay y teselados de Voronoi, el modelo presentado en esta tesis abre la posibilidad de combinar distintas leyes reológicas en regiones del citosequeleto y del córtex celular.
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Chernos, Michael Benjamin. "A rheological study of treatments for osteoarthritis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58334.
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Osteoarthritis is a common joint disease causing pain and inflammation that limits mobility and functionality. Osteoarthritis is a widespread disease, and despite it's prevalence there is no cure. The disease progresses by degrading joint cartilage and synovial fluid. The current work aims to contribute to existing knowledge regarding osteoarthritis through three research projects including a rheological study of novel anti-inflammatory hyaluronic acid derivatives, a case study on the effects of oral glucosamine supplementation on synovial fluid viscosity, and development of a microfluidic rheometer that may be used to study low viscosity fluids such as hyaluronic acid and synovial fluid at high shear rates. The anti-inflammatory hyaluronic acid derivative demonstrated shear thinning and viscoelastic behaviour as expected. This behaviour is common among viscosupplements and is therefore promising for it's potential use as a viscosupplement, however, the viscosity and viscoelasticity were significantly lower than commercial viscosupplements. It is recommended to investigate modulating viscosity and viscoelasticity with techniques such as cross-linking and increasing hyaluronic acid concentration. In a patient discontinuing oral glucosamine supplementation the viscosity was found to be greater prior to stopping treatment at low shear rates and greater after stopping treatment at high shear rates. In a second patient no significant change was observed in viscosity. Future study should investigate the effect of glucosamine on viscoelastic behaviour, and to study the effect of glucosamine on synovial fluid viscosity over an extended period of time. A PDMS microfluidic rheometer was developed using a soft-lithography process. The rheometer was validated with water at room temperature and was found to predict fluid viscosity with a maximum of 6% error at shear rates as high as 30,000 s-¹. It is recommended to investigate possible channel deformation as a cause for decreased accuracy at higher shear rates and resultant operating pressures.Applied Science, Faculty of
Graduate
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Zakani, Behzad. "Rheological characterization of fumed silica lubricating greases." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63863.
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Lubricating greases have been widely used for rail lubrication systems. For an efficient grease pump design, it is important to study grease shear viscosity and it is also crucial to analyze grease yielding behavior to determine its consistency on rail surface. Among all rheological properties measured through experiments, yield stress is an ill-defined property, which investigation of a reproducible method for its determination can be invaluable. As the flow properties of a material will be usually influenced by the changes in environment temperature, studying the effects of temperature on the rheological properties of grease are important.
In this study, different rheological measurements and visualization techniques, previously developed to study a wide range of materials, have been performed to characterize fumed silica based lubricating greases manufactured by L.B. Foster Rail Technologies Corp. Using commercial rheometers and different approaches to determine the yield points of these materials, it was revealed that the values obtained by curve fitting on steady-state flow curves, creep, amplitude sweep crossover and stress ramp-up were roughly similar. The microstructure of this grease was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) on Cryo and non-Cryo modes. Besides visualizing a new thickener microstructure, it was shown that the heterogeneous structures developed by small fumed silica agglomerates lead to the formation of greases with higher shear viscosities. Finally, thermo-rheological analysis of these samples revealed that these materials follow neither Arrhenius equation nor time-temperature superposition principle.Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Curtis, Daniel Jonathan. "Rheological and microstructural studies of biopolymer systems." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678405.
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Wang, Wei yan. "Rheological and thermal study of triblock copolymers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0017/NQ46941.pdf.
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Rogers, Michael D. H. "Rheological properties of gelatin/starch composite gels." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58374.pdf.
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Kreiba, Ali. "The rheological properties of aqueous polyacrylamide solutions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59314.pdf.
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Gutierrez, Leopoldo. "Probing mineral-bitumen liberation using rheological measurements." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7705.
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The rheology of oil sand slurries was investigated under different physicochemical conditions in an attempt to establish a correlation between bitumen liberation and slurry rheology. Synthetic mixtures of bitumen with fine quartz of varying bitumen content, as well as actual oil sand ores, were used in all the tests. All rheological measurements were conducted using a rotational viscometer connected to a fixture specifically designed for testing settling suspensions.
The results showed that for both synthetic mixtures and actual oil sand ores the viscosity of the slurries decreases with increasing bitumen liberation. It was found that at low bitumen contents (0 and 1 wt%) the pH of the slurries was the most important parameter that controlled the rheology of synthetic quartz-bitumen slurries. At higher bitumen contents (5 and 10 wt%), it was a combination of high temperature and high pH that gave the lowest viscosities and yield stresses of the model mixtures. The overall results were discussed in terms of aggregation-dispersion phenomena between bitumen and mineral particles. The effect of salts such as NaCl, CaCl₂ and KCl on the rheology of synthetic mixtures was found to be small compared to the effects of pH and temperature. Experiments performed on slurries where bitumen was added as an emulsion (no attachment to solids) showed that viscosity was significantly lower compared to a suspension in which bitumen coated the solid particles. Humic acids were tested also in slurries of synthetic bitumen-quartz mixtures at 10 wt% bitumen showing that they produce an important improvement in rheology when they are added at dosages of 100 g/t or higher.
These observations on synthetic ores could qualitatively be used to predict the rheology data for slurries of four actual oil sand ores. In this case, it was also found that the content of very fine particles (% fraction finer than 3 microns) was the most significant variable that clearly correlated with the viscosity of the oil sand ore slurries.
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Kulamarva, Arun. "Rheological and thermal properties of sorghum dough." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98740.
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Sorghum is a gluten free cereal and forms the staple diet of a majority of the populations living in the semi-arid tropics dough. It is usually consumed in the form of bread made from the grain flour. Dough made with sorghum flour has poor viscoelastic properties compared to wheat dough and mechanical methods for production of sorghum roti are scarce. This study was conducted to elucidate the rheological and thermal properties of sorghum dough to establish its behavior. The temperature and amount of water used for preparation of the dough and the composition of the flour were varied. Wheat, soya and black gram flours were used to prepare the composite doughs. Sensory characteristics of roti made with these dough samples by the traditional method and mechanical compression were studied. The results are presented and their implications are discussed.
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Xue, Jun 1966. "Thermal and rheological properties of batter systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103018.
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Batters are highly complex systems with wide ranging ingredients including flours, water, flavorings, and spices. Interactions between the ingredients determine the performance of batters and the final quality of coated products. Addition of hydrocolloids into batters of different types of flour provides special effects on batter performance. The functionalities of hydrocolloids-flour mixtures in terms of the thermal and rheological properties of the resulting batter systems were investigated in this study.The rheological properties of the batter were determined using a strain/stress control rheometer. A steady state method was used to measure the viscosity as a function of the shear rate varying from 0.5 to 150 s-1 at 15°C. The resulting data was then fitted to the Herschel-Bulkley Model. The viscoelastic properties were monitored as a function of temperature and were determined using a dynamic oscillatory test. Two different temperature profiles were used to simulate cooking and storage processes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine thermal properties (namely glass transition temperature, gelatinization temperature, ice melting temperature, and enthalpy) and to describe the phase transitions that occur during heating and cooling processes.
The rheological and thermal properties varied for different types of flours and their combination ratios, as well as different types of hydrocolloids at different concentrations. The replacement of corn flour greatly altered the viscosity and viscoelastic properties of wheat based and rice based batter systems. Using 100% corn flour based batter showed highest yield stress, whereas 100% rice flour based batter did not show any yield stress. Higher temperatures and longer times were required to gelatinize starch at the higher levels of rice flour for each batter system flour mix combination. The various combination ratios of the flours apparently did not significant influence the gelatinization temperatures of the batter systems. However they significantly influence the total enthalpies (DeltaHG) of the various samples. Wheat flour based batters showed the lowest glass transition temperatures. Thermal properties of wheat-based batters were influenced by the replacement of wheat with rice or corn flours. Corn flour based batters required considerably more energy for gelatinization during the cooking process.
Hydrocolloids lowered flow behavior index (n) and increased the consistency index (k) of all batters. The gums also changed the onset temperature of structure development and the storage and loss moduli of the batter systems. Hydrocolloids greatly influenced the thermal properties of batter systems. The gums shifted gelatinization temperature and depressed glass transition temperature of resulting batter systems. Further, MC increased the melting temperature (Tm) for the test batter systems as compared with the values for the control system without methylcellulose (MC). Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) did not show statistically significant effects on the total enthalpies of ice melting for all samples. However, MC and CMC showed more pronounced effects on rice, corn, and their combined flour based batters than it did on wheat flour based batters. However, this characteristic does not show in batter systems containing xanthan gum.
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Vernon, Marika Nicole. "Investigating the rheological properties of aerated fluids." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340654.
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Lawlor, Michelle S. "Rheological characterisation of bioadhesive drug delivery systems." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326370.
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Bradley, T. "A rheological investigation of biopolymer thermal transitions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234681.
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Ramana, Sundara Venkata. "Dynamic rheological measurements in heated plant tissue." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314749.
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West, Sebastian Colin. "A rheological study of a carbonaceous precursor." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388692.
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Carlin, Brian Anthony Christopher. "Oscillatory surface rheological studies of polymer solutions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400378.
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Huang, Tianjian. "Colloidal and rheological properties of carboxylated latices." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385307.
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Dimitreli, Georgia. "Rheological and textural properties of processed cheese." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442498.
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Brooks, Douglas Alan. "A characterisation of the electro-rheological effect." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47369.
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Boudara, Victor Ange Henri. "Supramolecular and entangled polymer materials : rheological models." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19802/.
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This thesis is concerned with the dynamics and rheology of polymers, and in particular on the influence of entanglements and supramolecular “sticky” groups. The text is organised as follows: In Part I, we consider these effects in isolation. We begin with an introductory chapter detailing established theory for unentangled polymers, unentangled sticky polymers, and entangled polymers. In Chapter 2, we develop a stochastic model for linear rheology of unentangled polymers with stickers along the backbone that we then compare with experimental data and the “classic” sticky Rouse model. In Chapter 3, we explore the nonlinear rheology of a mixture of entangled polymeric chains of various lengths (polydisperse) based on coupled equations of similar form the to Rolie-Poly model [Likhtman and Graham, J. Nonnewton. Fluid Mech. 114, 1–12 (2003)]. Part II of this thesis describes the development and testing of a “toy” nonlinear rheology model for entangled supramolecular polymeric materials. We describe three stages in development and testing of this model [Boudara and Read, J. Rheol. 61, 339–362 (2017)]: Chapter 4, presents a simplified stochastic model for the rheology of entangled telechelic star polymers. In both linear and nonlinear regimes, we produce maps of the whole parameter space, indicating the parameter values for which qualitative changes in response to the applied flow are predicted. Preaveraging the stochastic equations described above, we obtain a set of non-stochastic coupled equations that produce very similar predictions. This is detailed in Chapter 5. Finally, in Chapter 6, we use the preaveraged model to explore complex flow behaviour. In Chapters 4 and 5, we observed that for some parameter values, the steady state stress versus shear rate curve is non-monotonic, which is a signature of shear banding [Fielding, J. Rheol. 60, 821–834 (2016)]. Our simulations confirm shear banding. Surprisingly, for some parameter values, the system never reaches a steady state but instead it oscillates in time between homogeneous state and recoil (coexistence of positive and negative shear rates). We investigate the mechanism behind this oscillatory behaviour.
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Spigone, Elisabetta. "Rheological control of interfacial and bulk systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608527.
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Waldron, Christopher. "Towards stimuli-responsive polymers for rheological control." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/67684/.
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The aim of this work, sponsored by Lubrizol, was to develop polymers for potential use as novel viscosity modifiers for automotive oils. The broader scope was to build towards the incorporation of stimuli-responsive behaviour (temperature, shear, pH etc.), since there is currently no such technology on the market which does so. The Haddleton group has developed expertise in Cu(0)-mediated RDRP techniques, and so these were utilized throughout the thesis. As a starting point, α,ω-functional lipophilic poly(butyl acrylates) were synthesized, which were then functionalized post-polymerization using thio-bromo substitution with a view to inducing associative thickening. During this investigation, a novel biphasic reaction scheme was noted, wherein the polymer was observed to phase separate from the solvent/catalyst mixture. Additionally, some previously unreported ligand effects were found. The incorporation of ureido-pyrimidinone hydrogen bonding motifs to lipophilic poly(acrylates) was also pursued, with the subsequent materials showing interesting rheological characteristics. The biphasic Cu(0)-mediated RDRP system was then used to synthesize poly(lauryl) and (butyl acrylate) star polymers with exceptional degrees of control over the molecular weights and dispersity. These reactions were then successfully scaled up to produce enough materials to undergo some standard industrial tests, to assess their suitability as VMs. Lastly, a collaborative side-project was also undertaken which moved away from generating oil-soluble polymers to examining the feasibility of grafting poly(NiPAM) brushes from water purification membranes using aqueous ‘SET-LRP’. This was shown to be possible, as demonstrated using a range of surface analysis techniques.
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Bailey, Phillip. "Magnetic resonance studies of electro-rheological fluids." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1989. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/8a94b0c6-b9ba-45c5-a207-98d8a7552bee/1/.
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Electro-rheological (ER) fluids, which are dispersions of solid particles in a non-conducting oil, have been studied for the first time at a molecular level using magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. The group of fluids on which measurements were first made was the already widely used lithium polymethacrylate dispersed in 20 cs silicone oil. The problems associated with this fluid such as high conductivity, relatively low viscosity changes, and settling out of the solid particles, led to fluids containing zeolites also to be investigated. Mechanical tests were performed on all these fluidsincluding static yield stresses measured at zero shear rate,and then a new electroviscometer was designed and built totest fluid performances in the shear rate range from 1.5 to 43.8 s and temperatures from +5 to +60 C.NMR relaxation measurements were used to study themobilities of the water and the ions in all these solids toinvestigate the relationship between these properties, and the performance of a solid as a constituent in an ER fluid. This is the first time that many of these systems have been studied in this way. ESR was used to study the motion of spin probe radicals in partially hydrated zeolites for the first time. The effect of an electric field on the motion of the spin probe inside a zeolite particle was measured and decreased motion was observed as the strength of the electric field wasincreased in those zeolites which showed a significant EReffect, while no effect on the probe motion was seen for those zeolites which constituted a weak ER fluid. The first saturation transfer ESR experiments have been performed on spin probes inside partially hydrated zeolites that previously had been out of the motional range of conventional CWESR, and the anisotropy of the probe motion has been highlighted.
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Demir, Huseyin. "The stability properties of some rheological flows." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1996. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-stability-properties-of-some-rheological-flows(7f0fad05-8228-4494-90be-375d16e0eab4).html.
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The stability of wall driven and thermally driven cavity flow is investigated for a wide range of viscous and viscoelastic fluids. The effect of inertia, elasticity, temperature gradients, viscous heating and Biot boundary conditions are of particular interest. Both destabilisation and bifurcation phenomenon are found. For Newtonian constant viscosity flow the instabilities are characterised by a critical Reynolds number which represents the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces, and instability occurs when the inertial forces become large. For non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluids the instability is characterised by a critical Weissenberg number, which represents the ratio of elastic forces to viscous forces, and instability also occurs when elastic forces dominate the viscous forces. For thermally driven flow the instability is characterised by a critical Rayleigh number, which represents the ratio of temperature gradient to viscosity, and instability occurs when the Rayleigh number become large. In this case the instability is also characterised by both Eckert and Biot number. The work has relevance to thermal convection and mixing processes which occur in the viscous and viscoelastic fluid within the Earth's mantle. Three-dimensional steady and transient flow in a cylindrical cavity and three dimensional steady flow in a spherical cavity, are also considered for both viscous and viscoelastic fluids. Instabilities in these three-dimensional flow depend on the same parameters as the flow in square cavity.
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Tsang, Sideny C. N. "Processing and rheological studies of cellulosic materials." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1987. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20456/.
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The present studies are concerned with the modelling of the manufacturing process of nitrocellulose-base propellant in which cellulose acetate is substituted as a model for the explosive nitrocellulose. An investigation of the inter-relationships between processing and rheological and morphological properties has been carried out on cellulose acetate doughs, using modified torque and capillary extrusion rheometers. Some of the doughs show a yield stress and behave as Herschel-Bulkley fluids. The yield stress is found to be smaller than that of nitrocellulose doughs, and there is some evidence of shear heating. Mixing time and mixing temperature showed no influence on the rheological parameters of the doughs. These results suggest that the change in rheological properties of propellant doughs is attributed to the change in crystallinity and fibrosity after processing. The rheological properties of doughs are greatly affected by extrusion temperature, solvent, plasticiser and filler content. The interaction between the solvents and plasticisers with cellulose acetate was explained by adopting a model consisting of a rigid backbone chain from which protruded flexible side groups. In good solvents these side groups extend causing interactions between molecules, giving rise to dough up and elasticity. In poor solvents, dough up becomes difficult and the elasticity is low because the flexible side groups retract towards the stiff backbone chain. The morphology of solvated doughs is examined using solution viscometry, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. All these techniques showed that the solvation process had no significant effect on the molecular architecture of the cellulose acetate, in which the original crystallinity of the material is low. From this it was concluded that changes in the rheological properties of nitrocellulose doughs as a function of the process variables was due to changes induced in the crystallites rather than in the amorphous regions.
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Echendu, Shirley Ogechukwu Somtochukwu. "Computational and rheological studies for coating flows." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42470.
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Coating flows can be defined as a laminar free surface flows, whereby a liquid layer is applied onto a solid substrate. A typical industrial application consists of co-rotating cylindrical rollers, which are used to apply a liquid coating (paint) onto a moving substrate, and depending on the direction of the rollers, can be configured in either forward or reverse mode. These types of coating solution flows are industrially important applications, and convey viscoelastic aspects due to their polymeric content and unsteady polymeric behaviour. The process often possesses localized regions of high shear and extension rates (narrow nip and wetting-line zones), which may cause instabilities on the coated substrate (ribbing, leveling, striping). These non-Newtonian and viscoelastic studies for industrial reverse roll coating focus on the use of computational techniques to model these types of coating flows, alongside the analysis of the fluid flow behaviour and under varied rheological properties. Two flow problem configurations have been considered, a model benchmark problem of mixed combined-separating flow, and the industrial application of reverse roll coating flow. Predictions and corresponding solutions are reported for viscous, inelastic and complex viscoelastic fluid properties. The numerical formulation adopts a Taylor-Galerkin pressure-correction (TGPC) scheme, using a finite element method for viscous, inelastic flows and a hybrid finite element/finite volume method for their viscoelastic counterparts. The research plan is centered around computational fluid dynamics and rheological studies, with the main target focused on industrial roll-coating operations. From simple theory, Newtonian and non-Newtonian coating flows possess specific, yet disparate characteristics. This may lead to distinct and significant differences in their detailed flow behaviour, and in the stressing levels generated, dependent upon the nature of the flow configuration. The study is segmented into several stages: initially, solution was sought for a benchmark flow problem, where a semi- implicit time stepping finite element procedure was employed to simulate a mixed combined- separating flow. Here, both viscous and viscoplastic material approximations have been introduced. Secondly, the industrial application of reverse roll coating flow was addressed for viscous inelastic coating fluids. This incorporated scenarios of inclusion and not of a dynamic wetting line and consideration of the effects of a rubber elastomer-cover upon the applicator roll. Thirdly, viscoelastic paint coatings were addressed for the industrial reverse roll coating flow. Here, a hybrid finite element/finite volume sub-cell method was utilized, and with inclusion of a dynamic wetting line. Of the various viscoelastic material models available, use has been made of the Phan-Thien Taimer (PTT) network class of models, in both linear and exponential variety, and of the FENE class of models, with FENE-CR and FENE-P versions. This has offered a richness in capacity over variation of rheological properties. The choice of computational methods has been justified and the TGPC algorithm was deemed suitable for problem solution. The methodology tested on combined-separating flow provided high-quality numerical results, which compare favorably against experiments, literature and theory. When applied to the reverse roll coating problem, the TGPC algorithm has been coupled to a time-dependent free-surface update procedure, to determine the dynamic movement of the meniscus and the wetting line. Around the nip-region, the flow problem manifests strong flow features, which have been investigated for a range of rheological properties of varying shear and extensional response. The direct impact these have on localized peak nip-pressures and distributional lift levels has been observed, where several relief mechanisms have been successfully identified (important to optimize process control). The influence of solvent fraction, extensional viscosity and increasing elasticity, up to critical stress states have been analysed in considerable detail. In summary, the success of this work indicates optimal flow process settings and preferential Theological coating properties to employ, with respect to this industrial coating process. As such, it lays the foundation and guide towards achieving a stable and consistent coating application - specifically, as high-speed high-gain production is of current demanded.
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Wegener, Matthias Rochus. "A psycho-rheological study of skin-feel." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/ca45600c-5f09-472b-aa2e-e9afcf58d408.
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Wang, Mengchen. "Rheological Behavior of Wall-Slip Dominant Solutions." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1427994338.
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Li, Chuanping. "Rheological Properties of Aqueous Nanometric Alumina Suspensions." Washington, D.C. : Oak Ridge, Tenn. : United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Science ; distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2004. http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/835308-5NQETg/webviewable/.
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Smith, Katherine Anne. "Physics-based modeling of Magneto Rheological dampers." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1453563.
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Hristov, Velichko Vlachopoulos John. "Rheological aspects of wood polymer composites extrusion." *McMaster only, 2007.
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Swarbrick, Sean James. "Finite element simulation of viscoelastic flow." Thesis, Teesside University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278423.
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Jhanwar, Deepak Kumar. "Physical and rheological characterization of selected paving asphalts." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0027/MQ31390.pdf.
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Jampen, Stephan. "Rheological properties of gellan gels containing filler particles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ35899.pdf.
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