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1
AL-Hashimi, Wissam H. "Gypsum Mud Rheological Behavior." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 7, no. 3 (May 7, 2021): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v7i3.156.
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Gypsum muds are considered as the most important ones used in oil well drilling due to their thermal stability in addition to the durability of their ingredients. The main aim of this work is to study the effect of the gypsum mud compositions on their rheological behavior under the conditions of high-pressure and high temperature. Eleven samples of gypsum mud were tested using Fann viscometer model 50-C. All the tested samples had the same trend of reduction in both plastic viscosity and yield point with increasing temperature. The results showed that with 5 ppb of Q Broxine thermal degradation is obtained at approximately 150 0 F; this is due to the over treatment with thinner which result in more soluble solids and higher rheological properties while the decrement in NaOH concentration from 0.7 ppb to 0.35 ppb results in an increase in both yield point and plastic viscosity; this is due to the loss of OH-1 ions. Six rheological models were adopted: Bingham, power law, modified power law, Robertson stiff, modified Robertson stiff and Casson. Both Robertson stiff model and Casson model showed more acceptable values that fit the experimental data accurately.
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Shen, Wan Wu, Feng Qiang Nan, Chun Jiu Zhu, and Jun Hui Lu. "Effects of Formulation and Temperature on the Rheological Behavior of Nitroguanidine-Based Propellants." Materials Science Forum 917 (March 2018): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.917.262.
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The rheological properties of propellant are several key factors in the process design, which affect the quality of propellant processing that determines the weapon's performance. The main technological parameters influencing the quality of nitroguanidine-based propellant are nitroguanidine (NGu) content, solvent ratio and temperature. Rheological test of the propellant dough was carried out by using capillary rheometer. The effects of these main process parameters on the shear stress and shear viscosity of the propellant during the rheological process were discussed. Power law model, modified Bingham model and Cross model were used to fit the rheological data. The results show that Power law model is better than the other two models, explaining Power law model can be used as the constitutive equation to describe the actual rheological behavior of the propellant extrusion moulding more accurately.
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Guo, Tingting, Zhiwei Zhang, Zhiquan Yang, Yingyan Zhu, Yi Yang, Yanhui Guo, Renchao Wang, et al. "Penetration Grouting Mechanism of Time-Dependent Power-Law Fluid for Reinforcing Loose Gravel Soil." Minerals 11, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11121391.
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The time-dependent behavior of power-law fluid has a significant influence on the grouting effects of reinforcing loose gravel soil. In this paper, based on basic rheological equations and the time-dependent behavior of rheological parameters (consistency coefficient and rheological index), rheological equations and penetration equations of time-dependent power-law fluid are proposed. Its penetration grouting diffusion mechanism for reinforcing loose gravel soil was then theoretically induced. A set of indoor experimental devices for simulating penetration grouting was designed to simulate the penetration grouting of power-law fluid with different time-dependent behaviors for reinforcing loose gravel soil. Then, relying on the COMSOL Multiphysics platform and Darcy’s law, three-dimensional numerical calculation programs for this mechanism were obtained using secondary-development programming technology. Thus, the numerical simulations of the penetration grouting process of power-law fluid with different time-dependent behaviors for reinforcing loose gravel soil were carried out. This theoretical mechanism was validated by comparing results from theoretical analyses, indoor experiments, and numerical simulations. Research results show that the three-dimensional numerical calculation programs can successfully simulate the penetration diffusion patterns of a time-dependent power-law fluid in loose gravel soil. The theoretical calculation values and numerical simulation values of the diffusion radius obtained from this mechanism are closer to indoor experimental values than those obtained from the penetration grouting diffusion theory of power-law fluid without considering time-dependent behavior. This mechanism can better reflect the penetration grouting diffusion laws of a power-law fluid in loose gravel soil than the theory, which can provide theoretical support and guidance for practical grouting construction.
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Bakhtiyarov, Sayavur I., Jimmie C. Oxley, James L. Smith, and Philipp M. Baldovi. "Rheological studies of functional polyurethane composite." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 50, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 222–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244317715787.
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The rheological dynamic characteristics of the functional Polyurethane composite as well as its compounds ( triethanolamine (TEOA) and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)) with and without solid additives (aluminum flakes) were experimentally measured using a computer-controlled mechanical spectrometer (rheometer) ARES-G2. Rheological studies showed that both components behave as viscous Newtonian fluids. TEOA exhibits a strong temperature-thickening behavior. TEOA with aluminum flake additives behaves as a viscous Newtonian fluid. The effective viscosity of the two-phase mixture increases with the concentration of the aluminum additive and decreases with the temperature rise. The rheometric tests showed that the effective viscosity of the TDI/Al mixture increases with the aluminum content. The mixture exhibits thermal-thickening and shear-thinning behaviors with the yield stress. The system can be described with the Bingham plastic model. It is determined that TEOA/TDI composite exhibits a strong time-thickening and shear-thinning behaviors. The rheological behavior of this composite can be described with the power-law generalized non-Newtonian fluid model. The effective viscosity of TEOA/TDI/Al composite increases with both the testing time (exponentially) and the aluminum content (polynomial) in the mixture. However, these shear-thinning composites obey the power-law generalized non-Newtonian fluid model, and their flow curves can be described by the logarithmic law.
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Zaim, Soumia, Omar Cherkaoui, Halima Rchid, Rachid Nmila, and Reddad El Moznine. "Rheological investigations of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from Moroccan seaweed Cystoseira myriophylloides algae." Polymers from Renewable Resources 11, no. 3-4 (August 2020): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041247920960956.
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The rheological properties and spectrum infrared of polysaccharides extracted from Cystoseira myriophylloides algae were investigated in the concentrations range from 3 to 9% (w/v) and at different temperatures. Results of rheological characteristics in a steady shear rate showed pseudoplastic properties and the dynamic rheological properties showed a fluid-like viscoelastic behavior. The flow and viscoelastic characteristics of polysaccharides were described using the power-law (the Ostwald model). The values of flow behavior index of the sample were close to unity (0.91) for 3% and it decreased up to 0.71 for 9% revealing the shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) nature of these polysaccharides. Moreover, the consistency coefficient increased non-linearly with concentration and it was described by a power law. The flow behavior as a function of temperature was satisfactorily described using the Arrhenius law and the activation energy values were extracted. It decreased from 15.68 and 17.21 kJ/mol when the concentration increased from 5 to 9% (w/v). Additionally, in dynamic rheological measurements, tan δ > 1 and G″ > G′ reveling a shear-thinning behavior. Finally, the analysis of the FTIR spectra of these polysaccharides showed the presence of uronic acid groups. This behavior would suggest that polysaccharides extracted from Cystoseira myriophylloides could be an interesting additive as thickeners.
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Wan Nik, W. S., S. G. Eng Giap, H. H. Masjuki, and H. B. Senin. "Application of Modified Power Law and Arrhenius Relationship in Studying Rheological Behavior of Bio-Oils." Materials Science Forum 517 (June 2006): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.517.147.
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Tribological aspects of bio-oils have to be investigated before they are used as industrial fluids. In this paper rheological (fluid deformation under shear) properties of four bio-oils are presented. A Couette type viscometer was used to evaluate flow behavior of the oils at seven discrete temperatures. Commercial coconut, canola, sunflower and corn oil were used in this study. For all the oil samples, viscosities were affected by the change of shear rate and temperature. Two rheological models, temperature dependence and shear rate dependence, were used in the study. The original power law gives contradict picture of flow curves and flow parameters. Thus, modified power law model was proposed. The modified model was fitted to experimental data to obtain the flow behavior index. Arrhenius type equation was fitted to experimental data to obtain the activation energy due to different temperatures and shear rates. Evaluation of rheological properties by modified power law model indicates that these bio-oils belong to the pseudo-plastic group.
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Li, Haw Pei, and Norhamidi Muhamad. "Rheological Analysis of Microminiature Powder Injection Molding (μPIM) Feedstock." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.238.
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A rheological analysis has been performed to evaluate the characteristics and behaviors of Microminiature Powder Injection Molding (μPIM) feedstocks. The feedstocks comprised of 316L stainless steel powder and water-based binder components. Feedstocks formulations with powder loading of 59% to 63% were prepared and investigated. In these formulations, the binder system consists of 65% Polyethelena Glycol (PEG), 25% Polymethyl Methacrilate (PMMA) and 10% Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB) based on the weight fraction. The influences of rheological behaviors such as flow activation energy (E), Power-Law exponent (n), viscosity (η) and temperature (T) of the SS316L/PEG/PMMA/CAB feedstocks are analyzed and discussed. Results show that all of the feedstocks exhibited the pseudo-plastic flow behavior. The homogenous feedstock at 61 vol. % demonstrated the most satisfactory rheological properties for μPIM with the lowest flow activation energy, Power-Law exponent, n < 1 and moderate viscosity values. It was chosen to perform the injection molding process. Micro components have been replicated successfully by using this selected feedstock.
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Duarte, Maria E. M., Deyzi S. Gouveia, Mario E. R. M. C. Mata, and Alexandre J. de M. Queiroz. "Rheological behavior of mixed drink of annona and milk." Engenharia Agrícola 32, no. 2 (April 2012): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162012000200013.
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In this study the rheological behavior in different temperatures (0; 6; 18 e 24 ºC) and physicochemical parameters of integral annona (Annona squamosa) pulp and the annona pulp with milk in different percentages pulp/milk (75g of annona pulp/25g of milk, 50g of annona pulp/50g of milk, 25g of annona pulp/75g of milk) have been availed, in order to verify the effect of temperature and pulp concentration in the rheological behavior of these beverages. To obtain the rheological parameters a concentric cylinder rheometer has been used and the rheograms were analyzed using the Ostwald-de-Wael (power Law) and Herschel-Bulkley models. The physicochemical parameters (sugars, pH, ash, acidity and soluble solids) were determined in order to establish correlations with the rheological behavior. Finally, the best results had been obtained using the Herschel-Bulkley model; the low values for the behavior index (n <1) obtained confirm the pseudoplastic behavior of all samples.
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Kumbár, Vojtěch, Sylvie Ondrušíková, and Šárka Nedomová. "Rheological properties of tomato ketchup." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (September 28, 2019): 730–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1161.
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The objective of this paper was to determine the rheological properties especially shear stress and apparent viscosity vs. shear strain rate, and density of commercially available but also homemade tomato ketchup. The effect of tomato content of density and apparent viscosity of tomato ketchup was also described. Shear stress and apparent viscosity were observed in shear strain rates range from 0.1 s-1 up to 68 s-1. All measurements were carried out at a constant temperature of 22 °C. Experimental results were modeled using a power-law (also known as Ostwald-de Waele) model (R2 ranged from 0.9508 up to 0.9991). The flow behaviour of all measured tomato ketchup samples exhibited non-Newtonian pseudoplastic (shear thinning) behavior where the flow index (n) showed values between 0 and 1. Flow index (n) and consistency coefficient (K) can be used especially in numerical simulation of the flow behaviour of pseudoplastic (shear thinning) liquids.
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Wang, Chao, Mei Xu, Yu Peng Zhu, Yu Qiao, and Ting Ting Liang. "Study on Shear Rheological Behavior of Konjac Glucomannan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 1332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1332.
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Konjac glucomannan (KGM) belongs to pseudoplastic fluid. Remarkable non-linear change tendencies of shear rheological behavior of KGM were detected through analysis of the correlation of viscosity (η)-shear rates and shear stress-shear rates respectively, and its shear rheological curves conformed to the Power Law (τ=ＫDn). The change tendencies of viscosity factor (K) and flow index (n) correlated with concentration and temperature were also obtained, the curves can be fitted by power and quadratic polynomial equation respectively. The acquired non-linear correlation curves of K and n can provide reliable foundation for rational applications of KGM in food industry and its grade estimation.
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Gavrus, Adinel, Daniela Pintilie, and Roxana Nedelcu. "Studies Concerning Numerical Prediction of Metal Fibering Obtained by Cold Bulk Forming Using Sensitivity Analysis of Tribological and Rheological Properties on a Cylindrical Crushing Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 841 (June 2016): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.841.29.
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The present research paper concerns a numerical and experimental analysis of the tribologic and rheological constitutive behavior influence on prediction of metallic material forging fibering. Numerical analysis using finite element Forge® code and Abaqus software show the high importance of the friction law formulation and of the material rheological softening on the fibers morphology and on their position coordinates. Calibration and sensitivity of friction law together with the numerical sensitivity of the softening term corresponding to a Hansel-Spittel rheological equation have been studied for a cylindrical crushing test of a 16MnCr5 steel.
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Paumier, S., P. Monnet, and A. Pantet. "Rheological Behavior of Smectite Dispersions: The Influence of Suspension Concentration and Exchangeable Cation." Research Letters in Materials Science 2008 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/856714.
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The mechanical behaviors of smectite materials in water are very sensitive to many parameters, such as concentration, particle size and morphology, exchangeable cation nature, and chemical environment (pH, ionic strength). The literature usually provides general rules for sodium and calcium bentonites. However, it appears that the quantitative results present a large range of values. This study has established the relationships between the smectite nature (mineralogy, morphology, reactivity) and its rheological behavior according to the exchangeable cation. To develop a complete rheological study, we need 800 g of montmorillonite purified and saturated with or . Huge production necessitates optimized process with accurate control of the powder quality and the chemical environment. Smectite particles have been extracted from a natural bentonite and then saturated with sodium or calcium. Then, each sample was characterized with classical methods like X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and laser granulometry but also cutting-edge technologies like scanning transmission electron microscopy on wet samples (Wet STEM). The Na-smectite dispersion contains a lot of small units whereas the Ca-smectite dispersion contains a few large units. Rheological study consists in flow curves obtained with a high-resolution rheometer. Logarithmic representation of the rheograms permits detecting a yield stress, it separates solid and fluid behavior. The rheological datas (viscosity, consistency, and yield stress) allow defining the limits depending on the concentration and on the saturation state. A Newtonian law could be applied to around 4% for Na- and Ca-smectites. Seaward of these concentrations, the dispersions are shear thinning and modelled by Ostwald law. Finally a yield stress appears at 6% for Na-smectite and 11% for Ca-smectite, the flow curves could be modelled by Hershel-Bukley law. Results are in accordance with the bibliography.
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Bandyopadhyay, Abhijit, Mousumi De Sarkar, and Anil K. Bhowmick. "Rheological Behavior of Hybrid Rubber Nanocomposites." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 78, no. 5 (November 1, 2005): 806–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547915.
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Abstract Melt rheological behavior of acrylic rubber (ACM)/ silica and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)/ silica hybrid nanocomposites prepared by using sol-gel technique at room temperature was studied for the first time in a Monsanto Processability Tester (capillary rheometer) at nine different shear rates and three different temperatures (100 °C, 110 °C and 120 °C). Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was used as the precursor for silica, and water to TEOS mole ratio was maintained at 2:1 throughout the experiments. The loading of TEOS was 10, 30 and 50 wt% with respect to the rubber and the pH of the medium was maintained in the range of 1.0–2.0 by the addition of appropriate amount of concentrated HCl. The shear viscosity showed marginal increment even at higher nanosilica loading for the rubber/ silica nanocomposites. All the compositions displayed pseudoplastic behavior and obeyed Power Law model within the experimental conditions. The reinforcement factor (RF) calculated from the ratio of the viscosities of the filled and the unfilled systems was found to increase with nanosilica content at a particular shear rate. ENR/ silica nanocomposites displayed higher increment of RF compared to ACM/ silica system, which may be due to better polymer-filler interaction in the former. The RF remained almost constant for both the systems with the variation of temperature. The die swell of the nanocomposites was always lower than that of the gum rubber sample, though the nature of variation of die swell with shear rates was different for ACM and ENR nanocomposites. In both the cases, the die swell was found to decease with increase in temperature. The variation in activation energy with the experimental shear rates was also calculated, where the hybrids displayed a decreasing trend in activation energy with the increase in shear rate.
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Huang, Chao-Tsai, Ling-Jue Chen, and Tse-Yu Chien. "Investigation of the Viscoelastic Behavior Variation of Glass Mat Thermoplastics (GMT) in Compression Molding." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020335.
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Compression molding is a lightweight technology that allows to preserve fiber length and retain better mechanical properties compared to injection molding. In compression molding development, a suitable material such as glass fiber mat thermoplastics (GMT) is often used. However, because of the complicated micro-structure of the fibers and the fiber–resin matrix interactions, it is still quite challenging to understand the mechanism of compression molding and it is very difficult to obtain a uniformly compressed GMT product. In this study, we propose a method to measure the rheological properties of GMT through a compression system. Specifically, we utilized a compression molding system to record the relation between the loading force and the displacement. This quantitative information was used to estimate the power-law index and viscoelastic parameters and predict viscosity. Moreover, the estimated viscoelastic parameters of GMT were implemented into Moldex3D to evaluate the flow behavior under compression. The results showed that the trend of the loading force variation was consistent in numerical simulation and experiments. However, at the final stage of compression molding, the experimental loading force was much higher than that estimated by simulation. To find out the mechanism causing this deviation, a series of studies were performed. Through TGA measurement, we found that the fiber content of the center portion of the compressed part increased from 63% to 85% during compression. This was expected, as a result of the fiber–polymer matrix separation effect. This fiber–polymer matrix separation effect influenced the power-law index and rheological parameters of GMT, making them fluctuate. Specifically, the power-law index changed from 1.0 to 0.62. These internal changes of the rheological properties further induced a much higher loading force in the real experimental GMT system. We further verified the rheological properties variation using pure polyamide (PA) and found that since there is no fiber–polymer matrix interactions the power-law index and curve-fitting rheological parameters were almost constant. The mechanism causing the deviation was therefore validated.
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TOUZOUIRT, Saida, Fetta KESSAL, Chanez BELAIDI, and Dihia BOULHALFA. "INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING PARAMETERS ON RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF BENTONITE-BASED PICKERING EMULSION." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5 (September 12, 2018): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1903.
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The aim of this work is to study the impact of processing parameters on the rheological properties of Pickering emulsions containing bentonite particles, CTAB, NaCl and soybean oil. Emulsification experiments were performed using mixing and homogenization at different speeds for 10 minutes. The effects of stirring speed and homogenization were investigated to determine the best conditions for producing a suitable Pickering emulsion for the intended application. In order to assess the influence of processing parameters on the Pickering emulsion rheological behavior average droplet size was measured and rheological tests were performed on all the emulsions samples. The rheological behavior of these emulsions is modeled by Casson's law. Results show that the stirring speed first decreases the average size of the droplets, and then an effect on the initial viscosity is observed. Increasing the stirring speed increases the values of the initial viscosity in contrast to the infinite viscosity which is influenced by the homogenization speed. On the other hand, these processing parameters significantly affect the values of the yield strength.
Keywords: stirring speed, speed homogenization, rheological properties, Pickering emulsion.
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Senecaut, Yannick, Michel Watremez, Julien Brocail, Laurence Fouilland-Paillé, and Laurent Dubar. "Dynamic Recrystallization Observed at the Tool/Chip Interface in Machining." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 1223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.1223.
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In numerical approaches for high speed machining, the rheological behavior of machined materials is usually described by a Johnson Cook law. However, studies have shown that dynamic recrystallization phenomena appear during machining in the tool/chip interface. The Johnson Cook constitutive law does not include such phenomena. Thus, specific rheological models based on metallurgy are introduced to consider these dynamic recrystallization phenomena. Two empirical models proposed by Kim et al. (2003) and Lurdos (2008) are investigated in machining modeling. A two-dimensional finite element model of orthogonal cutting, using an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation, is developed with the Abaqus/explicit software. Specific rheological models are implemented in the calculation code thanks to a subroutine. This finite element model can then predict chip formation, interfacial temperatures, chip-tool contact length, cutting forces and chip thickness with also and especially the recrystallized area. New specific experiments on an orthogonal cutting test bench are conducted on AISI 1045 steel specimens with an uncoated carbide tool. Many tests are performed and results are focused on total chip thicknesses and recrystallized chip thicknesses. Finally, compared to numerical results got with a Johnson Cook law, numerical results obtained using specific rheological models to take into account dynamic recrystallization phenomena are very close to experimental results. This work shows also the influence of rheological behavior laws on predicted results in the modeling of high speed modeling.
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Jaiswal, Aayush Kumar, Vinay Kumar, Alexey Khakalo, Panu Lahtinen, Katariina Solin, Jaakko Pere, and Martti Toivakka. "Rheological behavior of high consistency enzymatically fibrillated cellulose suspensions." Cellulose 28, no. 4 (January 21, 2021): 2087–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03688-y.
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AbstractHigh-consistency processing of fibrillated cellulose materials is attractive for commercial applications due to potential for lowered production costs, energy savings and easier logistics. The current work investigated structure–property relationships of fibrillated cellulose suspensions produced at 20% consistency using VTT HefCel (High-consistency enzymatic fibrillation of cellulose) technology. Morphological examination of the fibrillated materials revealed that enzymatic action on the cellulose substrates was not a direct function of enzyme dosage but rather was dependent on the raw material composition. Furthermore, shear viscosity of the HefCel suspensions was found to decrease with increasing enzyme dosage while the water retention increased. The shear viscosity followed power law relationship with the power law index varying in the range 0.11–0.73. The shear-thinning behavior decreased with increasing consistency. Moreover, suspension viscosity ($$\upmu$$ μ ) was found to be highly dependent on the consistency ($$\mathrm{c})$$ c ) as $$\upmu \sim {\mathrm{c}}^{\mathrm{m}}$$ μ ∼ c m , with $$\mathrm{m}$$ m ranging from 2.75 to 4.31 for different samples. Yield stress (τy) of the HefCel suspensions was measured at 7 and 10% consistencies. The performance of the fibrillated cellulose grades in a typical application was demonstrated by casting films, which were characterized for their mechanical properties. Graphic abstract
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Gabas, Ana Lúcia, Renato Alexandre Ferreira Cabral, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira, and Javier Telis-Romero. "Density and rheological parameters of goat milk." Food Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (March 20, 2012): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612012005000033.
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The rheological behavior and density of goat milk was studied as a function of solids concentration (10.5 to 50.0%) and temperature (273 to 331 k). Newtonian behavior was observed for values of total solids (TS) between 10.5 and 22.0% and temperatures from 276 to 331 k changing to pseudoplastic behavior without yield stress for TS from 25.0 to 39.4% at the same range of temperature. Goat milk with TS between 44.3 to 50.0% and temperatures of 273 to 296 k showed yield stress in addition to pseudoplastic behavior. At 303 to 331 k the power law model was observed again, without yield stress. The density of goat milk ranged from 991.7 to 1232.4 kg.m-3.
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Abu-Jdayil, Basim, Hazim Mohameed, Tamara Snobar, and Maha Sa’id. "Rheology and Storage Tests of Dead Sea Shampoo." Applied Rheology 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2004-0006.
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Abstract Changes in the rheological properties of hair shampoo samples differing in the content of Dead Sea (DS) salt were studied. The rheological properties were tested during a 28-day storage period at three different storage temperatures (cold, room temperature and accelerated conditions). Steady rheological tests were performed and the conductivities of the shampoo samples were determined. The parameters of the power law model; the consistency coefficient and the flow behavior index were used to quantify the effect of storage time and temperature on the rheological behavior of hair shampoo in the presence of DS salt. The consistency coefficient of the salt free shampoo samples stored at 8°C and at room temperature decreased with storage time, and the rheological behavior changed from shear thinning to Newtonian. On the other hand, the samples stored at 45°C exhibited a shear thinning behavior, which did not change with storage time. Shampoo samples with 1.5 wt% DS salt content, showed the maximum viscosity and the rheological behavior of the samples did not change with the storage time. An exception were the samples stored at 45°C, which behaved like the salt free samples stored at room temperature. The conductivity of hair shampoo increased linearly with storage time and salt concentration. A discontinuity at a salt concentration of 1.5% was observed. However, the conductivity of hair shampoo increased with increasing the storage temperature.
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Arrieta-Durango, Carlos, Luis Henao-Rivas, and Ricardo Andrade-Pizarro. "Rheological Behavior of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) Peel Extract." Gels 8, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8090566.
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In this work, the rheological behavior of passion fruit peel extract was determined at different temperatures (5–40 °C) and peel content in the extract (40–55% w/w). The extract was obtained after blanching the passion fruit peels at 95 °C for 5 min, then they were crushed to reduce their size, water was added, and finally, they were subjected to liquefaction and subsequent filtration. Rheological measurements were made using a rheometer with a plate and plate geometry. Extract samples were adequately described by the power-law model exhibiting pseudoplastic behavior, without the presence of thixotropy. The temperature did not influence the flow behavior index, but the consistency coefficient did. The dynamic study (the temperature sweep test) showed that passion fruit peel extract exhibits a more elastic than viscous behavior, typical of a gel.
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Kariyama, Ibrahim Denka, Xiaodong Zhai, and Binxin Wu. "Physical and Rheological Properties of Animal Manure: A Review." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 3 (2018): 1113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12768.
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Abstract. This literature review was conducted on the physical and rheological properties of animal manure slurries and their applications. The review revealed the importance of these properties in the design of anaerobic treatment plants, pipe systems to transport slurries to treatment and storage units, and other applications and management of raw and treated slurries. The selection of pumping and mixing equipment and their power requirements, the flow behavior, mass, and heat transfer, the quality of mixing, pressure head loss, and other applications of manure slurries are affected by the physical and rheological properties. The review shows that manure slurries generally exhibit non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid behavior with a decreasing apparent viscosity as the shear rate increases and that the power law equation can successfully be used to describe the relationship between shear stress and shear rate, especially for low total solids concentrations. Keywords: Animal manure slurries, Apparent viscosity, Non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluids, Power law equation, Rheological properties.
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Sabancı, Serdal, Ömer Çokgezme, Derya Tezcan, Mutlu Cevik, and Filiz İçier. "Effects of Temperature on Time Dependent Rheological Characteristics of Koumiss." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 4 (April 13, 2016): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i4.262-266.531.
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The rheological properties of koumiss were investigated at different temperatures (4, 10, and 20°C). Experimental shear stress–shear rate data were fitted to different rheological models. The consistency of koumiss was predicted by using the power-law model since it described the consistency of koumiss best with highest regression coefficient and lowest errors (root mean square error and chi-square). Koumiss exhibited shear thinning behavior (n
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Shah, Luqman Ali, Rida Javed, Abbas Khan, Irum Bibi, Noor Saeed Khattak, and Sultan Alam. "One-Pot Synthesis and Rheological Study of Cationic Poly (3-acrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammoniumchloride) P(APTMACl) Polymer Hydrogels." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 233, no. 8 (August 27, 2019): 1145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2018-1310.
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Abstract The main objective of this research work is to explore the complete and extensive rheological studies of cationic poly (3-acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) P(APTMACl) hydrogel, prepared by free radical polymerization method at room temperature. Hydrogel was characterized by various techniques such as SEM, FTIR and TGA, whereas rheological properties of synthesized hydrogel were obtained using frequency sweep and frequency curve analysis in different temperature range. Storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′′) were investigated as a function of angular frequencies and shear stress at various temperatures. Rheological models like Bingham plastic model, modified Bingham and Ostwald power law were applied to understand the rheological performance of the gels. Flow curves obtained at different temperatures indicate that P(APTMACl) hydrogel shows a non-Newtonian pseudo plastic behavior. All results concluded that rheology is a powerful tool to study the complete visco-elastic behavior of polymer hydrogel for multiple applications.
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Salehi, Fakhreddin, and Mahdi Kashaninejad. "Static Rheological Study of Ocimum basilicum Seed Gum." International Journal of Food Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2014-0189.
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Abstract A rotational viscometer was used to investigate the effect of different sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose and lactose, 1–4% w/w) and salts (NaCl and CaCl2, 0.1–1% w/w), on rheological properties of Basil seed gum (BSG). The viscosity was dependent on type of sugar and salt addition. Interactions between BSG gum and sugars improved the viscosity of solutions, whereas the viscosity of the BSG solutions decreased in the presence of salts. Power law model well-described non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior of BSG. The consistency index was influenced by the sugars and salts content. Addition of sucrose, glucose, lactose and salts to BSG led to increases in flow behavior index (less shear thinning solutions), whereas fructose increased shear thinning of solutions. Flow behavior index values of the power law model vary as follows: 0.43–0.49, 0.53–0.64, 0.21–0.26, and 0.57–0.67 for sucrose, glucose, fructose and lactose, respectively. The consistency coefficient (k) of BSG was affected by sugars and salts. It decreased from 0.14 to 0.09 Pa.sn with increasing CaCl2 from 0 to 4% w/w (20°C, 0.2% w/w BSG). The consistency coefficient values vary as follows: 0.094–0.119, 0.075–0.098, 0.257–0.484, and 0.056–0.074 for sucrose, glucose, fructose and lactose, respectively.
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Ghannam, Mamdouh T., and Mohamed Y. E. Selim. "Rheological Properties of the Jojoba Biofuel." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 6047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116047.
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Jojoba oil biofuel is a potential alternative to diesel fuel with attractive properties, but its flow behavior under the operating conditions of a diesel engine still needs to be clarified. In this study, the rheological properties of the jojoba biofuel are presented in assessment with diesel fuel to experimentally evaluate both their flow behaviors at different operating temperatures. A Fann-type coaxial cylinder viscometer was employed. The shear stress of the tested biofuel rises considerably with the shear rate in a marginally nonlinear manner on a logarithmic scale. Rheograms indicate that the flow behavior decreases gradually and considerably in the temperature range of 30–90 °C. The viscosity of the jojoba oil biofuel declines considerably with the decreasing applied shear rate and temperature. Based on the experimental results, a suitable model is developed for predicting the viscosity characteristics of the tested biofuel during the heating and cooling cycles of a diesel engine.
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Mohamed, Ibrahim O., and Eihab Hassan. "Time-Dependent and Time-Independent Rheological Characterization of Date Syrup." Journal of Food Research 5, no. 2 (March 7, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v5n2p13.
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The time-dependent and time-independent rheological properties of Barhi date syrup have been investigated. Rheological measurements were performed with a rotational viscometer with parallel plate geometry. The date syrup showed thixotropic behavior and a first order exponential decay model characterized the time-dependent behavior. The rate constant of the structure breakdown was found to be a function of shear rate. The steady shear flow measurements showed that the date syrup is a non-Newtonian material fit the power law model (p <0.001). The Arrhenius model described the effect of temperature on consistency coefficient; the estimated parameters from the Arrhenius equation were used to develop a prediction rheological model for the apparent viscosity. The model accurately predicts the experimental data even when extrapolating beyond parameter estimation temperature range. The time-independent viscosity model was satisfactory for modeling date syrup despite the presence of thixotropic behavior.
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Meher, Jaga Mohan, Bidyut Mazumdar, and Amit Keshav. "Rheological and functional properties of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) leaves puree." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/929.
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Pureed form of leaves (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle)) was taken for physicochemical and rheological analysis at temperatures and TSS range of 278 K - 318 K and 3 - 5 °Brix respectively. The steady-state rheological analysis was performed with a shear rate of 1 - 100 s-1. Different rheological models are tried; Power-law was best fitted with the experimental data (R2 ≥0.98). Temperature dependence of viscosity was found out using an Arrhenius-type relationship at a shear rate of 10, 50, 100 s-1 IR analysis was done to know the influence of functional groups on rheological properties of purees. Consistency index (K) of puree increases with increase in TSS content but at a fixed TSS, there is a decrease in K with an increase in temperatures but the opposite was observed for flow behavior index (n). Puree showed a shear thinning behavior with an increment in temperature level and puree having 5 °Brix (8.37) has higher activation energy (kJ.mol-1) than 3 °Brix (6.32).
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Oxley, Jimmie C., James L. Smith, Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov, and Philipp M. Baldovi. "Rheological studies of functional polyurethane composite with solid additives." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 50, no. 4 (September 7, 2017): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244317729558.
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The rheological dynamic characteristics of the functional polyurethane foam composite with solid additives (calcium iodate particles, aluminum flakes) were experimentally measured using an oscillatory rotational rheometer ARES-G2. Our previous studies demonstrated that the presence of the gas bubbles alters the rheology of the continuous liquid phase. The experimental tests results show that the apparent viscosity (the shear stress applied to a fluid divided by the shear rate) of the two-phase mixture increases with the concentration of the aluminum additive and decreases with the temperature rise. The rheological measurements showed that the functional foam exhibits a strong time-dependent and thixotropic (shear thinning) behavior. The rheological behavior of this composite can be described with the power law–generalized non-Newtonian fluid model. The apparent viscosity of the polyurethane increases with both the testing time (exponentially) and the solid content (polynomial) in the mixture. The measured rheological characteristics of the polyurethane-based functional foam will be helpful for material designers and developers.
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Chun, Koay Seong, Salmah Husseinsyah, and Chan Ming Yeng. "Torque rheological properties of polypropylene/cocoa pod husk composites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 9 (November 30, 2015): 1217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715618743.
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The torque rheological properties of plastic wood composites are important to practical processing, but the research in this field is rare. In present, a Brabender plastrograph torque rheometer was used to analyse the rheological behavior of polypropylene (PP)/cocoa pod husk (CPH) composites. The effect of processing parameter, filler content, and addition of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) on torque rheological properties was investigated. The torque rheological data found that the processing torque increased with the increases of rotor speed, filler content, and addition of MAPP. The PP/CPH composites melt behavior as pseudoplastics and shear thinning occurred at higher shear rate. The decrease of power law index ( n) evidenced the pseudoplasticity of PP/CPH composites increased at higher filler content and presence of MAPP. The increase of viscosity on PP/CPH was due to filler–filler interaction at higher filler content and strong filler–matrix adhesion after addition of MAPP. The activation energy of PP/CPH composites also increased with higher amount of CPH and addition of MAPP.
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Lu, Fei, Jun Song, Bo Wen Cheng, Hong Jun Zang, and Yi Liang. "Rheological Properties of Concentrated 1-Allyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride Cellulose Solutions." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.3.
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The viscosity behaviors and elastic properties of concentrated cellulose 1-allyl-3-methy -limidazolium Chloride solutions were investigated in the concentration from 10 wt% to 25 wt%. Rheological measurement showed that the solution was pesudoplastic fluid. The non-Newtonian behavior was improved and shear-thinning tendency became more pronounced with increasing polymer concentration. The power law index ranged from 0.19 to 0.30. The effects of cellulose concentration to the storage modulus G′ and the loss modulus G″ were analyzed. First normal stress difference (N1) increased with increasing concentration.
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Bouchendouka, Abdellah, Zine El Abiddine Fellah, Zakaria Larbi, Nicholas O. Ongwen, Erick Ogam, Mohamed Fellah, and Claude Depollier. "Flow of a Self-Similar Non-Newtonian Fluid Using Fractal Dimensions." Fractal and Fractional 6, no. 10 (October 11, 2022): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6100582.
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In this paper, the study of the fully developed flow of a self-similar (fractal) power-law fluid is presented. The rheological way of behaving of the fluid is modeled utilizing the Ostwald–de Waele relationship (covering shear-thinning, Newtonian and shear-thickening fluids). A self-similar (fractal) fluid is depicted as a continuum in a noninteger dimensional space. Involving vector calculus for the instance of a noninteger dimensional space, we determine an analytical solution of the Cauchy equation for the instance of a non-Newtonian self-similar fluid flow in a cylindrical pipe. The plot of the velocity profile obtained shows that the rheological behavior of a non-Newtonian power-law fluid is essentially impacted by its self-similar structure. A self-similar shear thinning fluid and a self-similar Newtonian fluid take on a shear-thickening way of behaving, and a self-similar shear-thickening fluid becomes more shear thickening. This approach has many useful applications in industry, for the investigation of blood flow and fractal fluid hydrology.
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Liu, Junlong, Lijing Chu, Tianyuan Zhao, Yunchu Zhu, Zhi Cang, Qian Chen, and Junshen Yuan. "Property Characterization of Anti-Aging Additives and Modified Asphalt Based on Long-Term Aging Behavior." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (September 8, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2474374.
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In order to achieve the good application of hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) in the long-term aging control of asphalt pavement material, Tinuvin770 and Tinuvin622 light stabilizers were selected as modifiers for asphalt. The microstructure and characteristics of hindered amine light stabilizers were characterized by FIB-SEM. The elemental composition and relative content of hindered amine light stabilizers were studied by means of EDS analysis. The functional group composition of hindered amine light stabilizers was analyzed based on Dynamic-FTIR. On this basis, light stabilizer modified asphalt was prepared, and the effect of hindered amine light stabilizer on the thermal rheological properties of asphalt binder during UV aging period was studied by dynamic shear rheology (DSR). The changing law of low temperature rheological properties of hindered amine light stabilizer modified asphalt was evaluated by low temperature bending beam rheological test (BBR). The results showed that the hindered amine light stabilizer could capture the free radicals formed during the photodegradation of asphalt when subjected to ultraviolet aging. Under the impact of ultraviolet aging, hindered amine light stabilizer could improve the high temperature performance of asphalt binder. Furthermore, HALS could achieve the improving effect on the low temperature rheological properties and long-term aging performance of asphalt pavement materials.
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Jawad, Riayde Hussein. "Flow of cement slurry through an eccentric annulus." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 10, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v10i1.296.
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A step by step procedure has been developed to design cement hydraulic during cement jobto minimize non cemented channels or bad cement job by taking into consideration thenon-flow area throughout the eccentric annulus. Since cement slurry exhibit non-Newtonian rheological behavior, a good description of the slurry rheology is required inorder to estimate accurately the velocity profile across the annulus. To achieve this goal,six rheological models have been adopted: Power-law, Robertson-Stiff, Bingham, Casson,Modified Power-law, and Modified Robertson-Stiff Models. Using the last five rheologicalmodels, new frictional pressure gradient equations for laminar flow of cement slurrythrough an eccentric annulus have been derived by the author based on slit-approachapproximation.
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Hamza, Salah. "A Comparison of Rheological Models and Experimental Data of Metallocene Linear Low Density Polyethylene Solutions as a Function of Temperature and Concentration." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 12, no. 3 (October 30, 2016): 4322–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v12i3.4.
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Knowledge of rheological properties of polymer and their variation with temperature and concentration have been globally important for processing and fabrication of polymers in order to make useful products. Basheer et al. [1] investigated, experimentally, the changes in rheological properties of metallocene linear low density polyethylene (mLLDPE) solutions by using a rotational rheometer model AR-G2 with parallel plate geometry. Their work covered the temperature range from  to  and concentration from  to . In this paper, we reconsider Basheer work to describe the rheological behavior of mLLDPE solutions and its dependence on concentration and temperature.Until now, several models have been built to describe the complex behavior of polymer fluids with varying degrees of success. In this article, Oldroyd 4-constant, Giesekus and Power law models were tested for investigating the viscosity of mLLDPE solution as a function of shear rate. Results showed that Giesekus and power law models provide the best prediction of viscosity for a wide range of shear rates at constant temperature and concentration. Therefore, Giesekus and power law models were suitable for all mLLDPE solutions while Oldroyd 4-constant model doesn't.A new proposed correlation for the viscosity of mLLDPE solutions as a function of shear rate, temperature and concentration has been suggested. The effect of temperature and concentration can be adequately described by an Arrhenius-type and exponential function respectively. The proposed correlation form was found to fit the experimental data adequately.
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Simionescu, Bogdan C., Maricel Danu, Iulian Rotaru, Constanta Ibanescu, Nicolae Hurduc, and Sorin Alexandru Ibanescu. "GLUTEN CONTENT INFLUENCE ON RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF STARCH-GLUTEN NETWORKS." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 11, no. 11 (2012): 1883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2012.235.
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Erisov, Yaroslav, Sergey Surudin, and Fedor Grechnikov. "Hot Deformation Behavior of Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Zn-Zr-Sc Alloy in As-Cast and Hot-Rolled Condition." Materials Science Forum 920 (April 2018): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.920.244.
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The results of physical simulation of hot compression of semi-finished products, selected from a cast ingot and hot-rolled plate from aluminum-lithium alloy V-1461, in the temperature range of 400-460°C and strain rates of 1-60 s-1are presented. It is established that at a constant strain rate the flow stresses decrease with increasing test temperature, an increase in the strain rate leads to an increase in flow stresses at a constant temperature. The parameters of the hot deformation rheological model, including the Zener-Hollomon parameter and the hyperbolic sine law, are determined. It is established that the parameters of the rheological model for the cast and hot-rolled state differ insignificantly.
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Grechnikov, F. V., Ya A. Erisov, S. V. Surudin, and V. A. Razzhivin. "Development of hot deformation rheological model as exemplified by 1424 and V-1461 aluminum-lithium alloys." Izvestiya Vuzov. Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Universities' Proceedings Non-Ferrous Metallurgy), no. 6 (December 16, 2020): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2020-6-32-44-51.
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The article proposes a variant of the rheological model of hot deformation – the law of hyperbolic sine, which, in contrast to the standard one, takes into account not only the strain rate and process temperature, but also the strain ratio. Material constants included in the law of hyperbolic sine are replaced by polynomial functions of the strain ratio with coefficients calculated using the corresponding method developed. The paper describes applications of the rheological model proposed in low-density aluminum-lithium alloys 1424 of the Al–Mg–Li–Zn system and V-1461 of the Al–Cu–Li–Zn system, for which flow curves in the temperature range 400–480 °C and strain rate range 1–60 s–1 up to a strain ratio of 0.6 are defined by physical simulation at the Gleeble 3800 unit. The influence of the initial material state was also investigated – samples were taken from both the ingot and hot-rolled plates. Constants were determined for the rheological model of hot deformation including the Zener–Hollomon parameter and the law of hyperbolic sine for the entire range of stresses and strains. After approximating the dependences of the model parameters on true strains with a 4th degree polynomial law, a rheological model was created that describes the alloy behavior in the temperature-rate range under study. The features of changes in hyperbolic sine law parameters depending on the strain ratio were established. It was shown that, in general, parameters for the cast material are higher than for the rolled one. A comparison between the standard and proposed models showed that the use of the standard model over the entire strain interval leads to too high flow stress values (up to 12 %).
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Baudez, Jean-Christophe, Azize Ayol, and Philippe Coussot. "Practical determination of the rheological behavior of pasty biosolids." Journal of Environmental Management 72, no. 3 (September 2004): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.04.011.
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Arularasi, V., P. Thamilselvi, Siva Avudaiappan, Erick I. Saavedra Flores, Mugahed Amran, Roman Fediuk, Nikolai Vatin, and Maria Karelina. "Rheological Behavior and Strength Characteristics of Cement Paste and Mortar with Fly Ash and GGBS Admixtures." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 9600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179600.
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A cement paste or mortar is composed of a mineral skeleton with micron to millimeter-sized grains, surrounded by water filaments. The cohesion or shear resistance in the cement paste and mortar is caused by capillary forces of action. In the case of mortar mixes, there is friction between the particles. Therefore, the mortar mixture shows both friction between particles and cohesion, while the paste shows only cohesion, and the friction between particles is negligible. The property of the cement paste is greatly influenced by the rheological characteristics like cohesion and internal angle friction. It is also interesting that when studying the rheology of fresh concrete, the rheological behavior of cement paste and mortar has direct applicability. In this paper, the rheological characteristics of cement paste and mortar with and without mineral admixtures, that is, fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), were studied. A cement mortar mix with a cement-to-sand ratio of 1:3 was investigated, including fly ash replacement from 10% to 40%, and GGBS from 10% to 70% of the weight of the cement. A suitable blend of fly ash, GGBS, and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was also selected to determine rheological parameters. For mortar mixtures, the flow table was conducted for workability studies. The flexural and split tensile strength tests were conducted on various mortar mixtures for different curing times. The results indicate that in the presence of a mineral mixture of fly ash and GGBS, the rheological behavior of paste and mortar is similar. Compared with OPC-GGBS-based mixtures, both cement with fly ash and ternary mixtures show less shear resistance or impact resistance. The rheological behavior of the mortar also matches the rheological behavior in the flow table test. Therefore, it is easy to use the vane shear test equipment to conduct cohesion studies to understand the properties of cement paste and mortar using mineral admixtures. The strength results show that the long-term strength of GGBS-based mixtures and ternary mixed mixtures is better than that of fly-ash-based mixtures. For all mixtures, the strength characteristics are greatest at a w/b ratio of 0.6.
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Drais, Hayder Kadhim, and Ahmed Abbas Hussein. "Rheological Investigation of Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanocarriers for Oral Delivery of Felodipine (Conference Paper )#." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 30, Suppl. (January 11, 2022): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol30isssuppl.pp9-15.
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The rheological behavior among factors that are present in Stokes law can be used to control the stability of the colloidal dispersion system. The felodipine lipid polymer hybrid nanocarriers (LPHNs) is an interesting colloidal dispersion system that is used for rheological characteristic analysis. The LPHNs compose of polymeric components and lipids. This research aims to prepare oral felodipine LPHNs to investigate the effect of independent variables on the rheological behavior of the nanosystem. The microwave-based technique was used to prepare felodipine LPHNs (H1-H9) successfully. All the formulations enter the characterization process for particle size and PDI to ascertain the colloidal properties of the prepared nanosystem then use coaxial rotational digital rheometer for rheological evaluation. The outcomes show that all felodipine LPHNs formulations (H1-H9) had a nanosize and homogenous structure that ascertain colloidal features of the nanodispersion system. The rheogram chart indicates that all of the felodipine LPHNs formulations (H1-H9) show pseudoplastic flow (non-Newtonian flow) that have shear-thinning property. The microwave-based method prepares felodipine LPHNs formulations (H1-H9) that show excellent physical texture that ascertains its ability as a technique for the preparation of nanoparticles. All of the felodipine LPHNs formulations (H1-H9) show pseudoplastic flow that supports the physical stability of the nanosystem.
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Qaiser, Asif A., Rabia Nazar, Mehroz Anjum, Anem Saeed, Muhmmad Zeeshan, Basil Tahir, Muhammad Muzaffar, and Naima Jameel. "Effects of composition, temperature and shear rate on chocolate milk rheology: an empirical modeling approach incorporating yield behavior." International Journal of Food Engineering 17, no. 7 (June 18, 2021): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2019-0289.
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Abstract This study elucidates the effects of composition and temperature on the rheological behavior of chocolate milk formulation. The fat [0.5, 1 and 1.5 g] and xanthan gum contents [0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 g] varied and shear stress-strain rate data were recorded at varying temperature [21.4, 65 and 80 °C]. All compositions showed predominantly a pseudoplastic behavior [i.e., pseudoplasticity index, n < 1] with a strong influence on composition and temperature. Three semi-empirical rheological models, i.e. Power-law, Herschel–Bulkely, and Casson models were fitted on the data using an in-house developed computer program for the best statistical fit. The pseudoplasticity index [n] varied with the composition that initially decreased with temperature and subsequently increased. The other model parameters such as consistency index [k], Casson and Herschel–Bulkely yield stress, and Casson viscosity [at a specified rate i.e., 34.7 s−1] were computed through model fitting and correlated to the microstructural changes inside the fluid keeping in view the composition and temperature. This study helps in correlating chocolate milk processing and quality control based on complex microstructure to the rheological parameters measured at simulated temperatures and shear rates.
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Pavlovsky, Valerii А. "Power-law generalization of Newton’s formula for shear stress in a liquid in the form of a tensor rheological relation." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy 9, no. 2 (2022): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.213.
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A generalization of Newton’s formula for the shear stress in a fluid is carried out by giving it a power-law form and the corresponding rheological relation is written in tensor form. Depending on the exponent in this rheological ratio, one can come to a description of either a laminar or turbulent flow regime. In the latter case, there is a system of differential equations with the no-slip boundary condition. The proposed system of equations for turbulent fluid motion can be useful, at least, for obtaining preliminary, estimated characteristics of turbulent flow before starting numerical modeling using modern differential turbulence models. For some values of the exponent, this system can be used to describe the behavior of power-law fluids, as well as fluids with small additives of polymers in the manifestation of the Toms effect.
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Guida, I. I. S., H. A. Villa-Velez, A. A. Santana, and Romildo Martins Sampaio. "STUDY OF THE STABILITY AND RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE PULP OF BACURI (Platonia insignis Mart.)." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 50, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2020.57.
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This work aimed to study the physical-chemical properties, stability and rheology of the natural and diluted pulp of bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.). The pulp was characterized through chemi-cal and physical analyses. The study of stability involved the evaluation of the sedimentation index and turbidity, in addition to rheological properties at 10, 35 and 60 oC. The results showed that bacuri pulp represents an important source of dietary fiber, with a greater protein content and antioxidant activity than other bacuri genotypes. The rheological data were adjusted by the Power Law model, indicating that the pulp in natura and diluted consistencies pre-sents a non-Newtonian behavior of the pseudoplastic type. As expected for fruit pulps, an inverse relation-ship was found between the consistency index and the temperature, as well as a direct relationship be-tween the consistency index and the soluble solids content.
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Thiébaud, F. "Determination of an Innovative Consistent Law for the Rheological Behavior of Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes Composites." Soft Nanoscience Letters 01, no. 01 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/snl.2011.11001.
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Kristiawan, Budi, Samsul Kamal, Suhanan, and Yanuar. "A Modified Power Law Approach for Rheological Titania Nanofluids Flow Behavior in a Circular Conduit." Journal of Nanofluids 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jon.2015.1139.
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Yanai, M., J. P. Butler, T. Suzuki, H. Sasaki, and H. Higuchi. "Regional rheological differences in locomoting neutrophils." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 287, no. 3 (September 2004): C603—C611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00347.2003.
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Intracellular rheology is a useful probe of the mechanisms underlying spontaneous or chemotactic locomotion and transcellular migration of leukocytes. We characterized regional rheological differences between the leading, body, and trailing regions of isolated, adherent, and spontaneously locomoting human neutrophils. We optically trapped intracellular granules and measured their displacement for 500 ms after a 100-nm step change in the trap position. Results were analyzed in terms of simple viscoelasticity and with the use of structural damping (stress relaxation follows a power law in time). Structural damping fit the data better than did viscoelasticity. Regional viscoelastic stiffness and viscosity or structural damping storage and loss moduli were all significantly lower in leading regions than in pooled body and/or trailing regions (the latter were not significantly different). Structural damping showed similar levels of elastic and dissipative stresses in body and/or trailing regions; leading regions were significantly more fluidlike (increased power law exponent). Cytoskeletal disruption with cytochalasin D or nocodazole made body and/or trailing regions ∼50% less elastic and less viscous. Cytochalasin D completely suppressed pseudopodial formation and locomotion; nocodazole had no effect on leading regions. Neither drug changed the dissipation-storage energy ratio. These results differ from those of studies of neutrophils and other cell types probed at the cell membrane via β2-integrin receptors, which suggests a distinct role for the cell cortex or focal adhesion complexes. We conclude that 1) structural damping well describes intracellular rheology, and 2) while not conclusive, the significantly more fluidlike behavior of the leading edge supports the idea that intracellular pressure may be the origin of motive force in neutrophil locomotion.
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P. A. L, Anawe, and Folayan J. Adewale. "Uncertainties quantification and modelling of different rheological models in estimation of pressure losses during drilling operation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2 (May 10, 2018): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10263.
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The determination of pressure losses in the drill pipe and annulus with a very high degree of precision and accuracy is sacrosanct for proper pump operating conditions and correct bit nozzle sizes for maximum jet impact and forestalling of possible kicks and eventual blow outs during drilling operation. The two major uncertainties in pump pressure estimation that are being addressed in this research work are the flow behavior index (n) and the consistency index factor (k). It is in this light that the accuracy of various rheological models in predicting pump pressure losses as well as the uncertainties associated with each model was investigated. In order to come by with a decisive conclusion, two synthetic based drilling fluids were used to form synthetic muds known as sample A and B respectively. Inference from results shows that the Newtonian model underestimated the pump pressure by 78.27% for sample A and 82.961% by for sample B. While the Bingham plastic model overestimated the total pump pressure by 100.70% for sample A and 48.17% for sample B. Three different power law rheological model approaches were used to obtain the flow behavior index and consistency factor of the drilling fluids. For the power law rheological model approaches, an underestimation error of 23.5743% was encountered for the Formular method for sample A while the proposed consistency index averaging method reduces the error to 14.9306%. The Graphical method showed a reasonable degree of accuracy with underestimation error of 5.6435%. Sample B showed an underestimation error of 47.8234% by using the power law formula method while the Consistency averaging method reduced the error to 20.7508. The graphical method showed an underestimation error of 0.4318%.
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Alves, Helton Gomes, Gregory Vinicius Bezerra de Oliveira, Flávia Freitas Viana, Marcos Allyson Felipe Rodrigues, Afonso Avelino Dantas Neto, and Tereza Neuma de Castro Dantas. "Obtaining and characterizing microemulsion systems containing Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) for advanced oil recovery application." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 5 (May 9, 2021): e33010514807. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14807.
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Fluids in terms of rheological behavior can be classified into Newtonians and non-Newtonians. Newtonians are fluids that have unique and absolute viscosities, because the ratio between shear stress and shear rate is constant. In the oil industry, most fluids, such as microemulsions, oil and polymeric solutions, do not exhibit Newtonian behavior. To understand the behavior of chemical fluids, it is necessary to analyze some parameters to interpret their properties and applicability. In this context, the present work aims to obtain and characterize microemulsion systems containing Alkali, Surfactant, and Polymer, and verify their applicability in advanced oil recovery. Thus, we obtained five microemulsion systems consisting of saponified coconut oil (surfactant), Butan-1-ol (co-surfactant), kerosene (oil phase), Na2CO3 (alkali), water and different percentages of the polymer. The systems were characterized by analyzes of particle diameter, surface tension, viscosity and rheological behavior using mathematical models. Droplet sizes showed characteristic values of micellar aggregates. Surface tension presented a slight elevation when the percentage of polymer in the microemulsion increased. Through the rheological study, it was possible to observe that experimental values were better adjusted to the Ostwald-de Waele “power-law” model. As the percentage of polymer in the system increased, we calculated the apparent viscosity of the systems and observed an increasing change in viscosity values, a result of great interest to enhanced oil recovery studies.
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Mezghani, Abderrazak, and Ali Ben Moussa. "Experimental and numerical studies of stress fields of a branched polybutadiene in a flat die." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 95, no. 2 (August 2021): 21101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2021210098.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing body of laboratory and industrial evidence that the viscoelastic characteristics of molten polymers contribute to improving the efficiency of polymer extrusion molding. Understanding the behavior of molten polymers in manufacturing processes requires the qualitative and quantitative determination of flow kinematics and stress distribution. The optimization of forming processes and final properties of transformed products requires the mastery of high-performance simulation models. So, it is necessary to be able to correctly describe the non-linear rheological behavior of the molten polymers by appropriate constitutive equations and a relatively easy implementation in computer codes. In this work, experimental and numerical studies are performed to investigate the rheological behavior of branched polybutadiene into a two-dimensional channel of a capillary rheometer. The stress field in the flow was analyzed with a birefringence device to identify areas of stress concentration and to show its progress in different areas of the extrusion die. Also, we obtain the stress field with numerical simulations using ANSYS Fluent 16.0 as a solver and Gambit as a mesh generator. The power law model, or Ostwald-de Waele, adopted in this numerical study is a rheophysical approach used to simulate the rheological behavior of branched polybutadiene during extrusion molding. Furthermore, this numerical approach can be adopted for large flow rates where experimental study becomes very difficult.
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Oyanagi, Yasushi, and Kazuhisa Kubota. "Pressure Effects on Rheological Behavior of Melt Polymers – A Discussion in Relation to Polymer Processing." Journal of Polymer Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 47–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-1986-0105.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Polymers have large bulk compressibility in the molten state /1/ and their rheological properties are largely affected by pressure applied in polymer processing. The volumetric strain induced by pressure consists of instantaneous and retarded elastic strains, both of which are proportional to pressure, and recover reversibly when pressure is removed. In many crystalline polymers, as observed by B. Maxwell for polyethylene, retarded elastic strain is large, and due mostly to pressure crystallization. This paper describes results of experimental studies relating pressure effects on rheological properties of melt polymers with polymer processing and bulk properties of products. The following items are discussed: pressure induced shear stress, analysis of local deformation pattern, critical shear stress for melt flow fracture, relationship between power law index and bulk compressibility, effects of hydrostatic pressure on melt flow behavior, pressure efficiency of injection molding, jetting phenomena, shrinkage in injection moldings, residual strain, and super-high-pressure injection molding process.