Journal articles on the topic 'RF mirror'

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1

Danisi, A., G. Vayakis, and M. Walsh. "Guidelines for optimal design of radio-frequency in-vacuum coaxial transmission line for mirror cleaning service in ITER diagnostics." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 02 (February 1, 2022): C02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/02/c02019.

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Abstract Several optical diagnostics in the ITER fusion reactor make use of big mirrors which are placed within the ITER vacuum vessel (VV), and therefore cannot have high accessibility. Plasma deposits developing on these mirrors may hinder the reflectivity of the mirror themselves, requiring a remote cleaning operation. The radio-frequency (RF) discharge mirror cleaning service operates a plasma discharge in the vicinity of the mirror, eroding the deposit layer and therefore cleaning the mirror remotely. In order to achieve this, RF power needs to be sent from outside the VV to the mirror, using a transmission line. Very stringent design requirements are applicable to the design of this RF line, such as vacuum compatibility, high power handling, low losses, overall matching, no cable over-heating, etc. This paper analytically addresses the design optimization of the RF mirror cleaning transmission line, taking into account ITER requirements, in order to give robust guidelines for the possible ad-hoc cable design adaptation that is to be undertaken case-by-case. The design guidelines are based on underlying transmission line theory, from which a set of design equations are drawn. The optimal design is achieved using design optimization considerations in the available design space. These guidelines are considered to be a useful design tool for optical diagnostics requiring mirror cleaning operation, and are aimed at harmonising the transmission line design procedures across the different cases.
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2

Kotelnikov, I. A., and S. G. Kuzmin. "RF plugging of mirror plasma." Journal of Fusion Energy 15, no. 3-4 (December 1996): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02266932.

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3

Yadav, Praveen Kumar, Mukund Kumar, Raj Kumar Gupta, Mangalika Sinha, J. A. Chakera, and M. H. Modi. "Refurbishment of an Au-coated toroidal mirror by capacitively coupled RF plasma discharge." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 4 (May 17, 2019): 1152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519003485.

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Deposition of synchrotron-radiation-induced carbon contamination on beamline optics causes their performance to deteriorate, especially near the carbon K edge. The photon flux losses due to carbon contamination have spurred researchers to search for a suitable decontamination technique to restore the optical surface and retain its performance. Several in situ and ex situ refurbishing strategies for beamline optics are still under development to solve this serious issue. In this work, the carbon contamination is removed from a large (340 mm × 60 mm) Au-coated toroidal mirror surface using a capacitively coupled low-pressure RF plasma. Before and after RF plasma cleaning, the mirror was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, soft X-ray reflectivity (SXR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The Raman spectra of the contaminated mirror clearly show the G (1575–1590 cm−1) and D (1362–1380 cm−1) bands of graphitic carbon. The SXR curve of the contaminated mirror shows a clear dip near the critical momentum transfer of carbon, indicating the presence of carbon contamination on the mirror surface. This dip disappears after removal of the contamination layer by RF plasma exposure. A decrease in the intensities of the CO bands is also observed by optical emission spectrometry during plasma exposure. The AFM and SXR results suggest that the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) roughness of the mirror surface does not increase after plasma exposure.
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4

Tominaga, Yusuke, Atsushi Mikami, Akiya Iwamura, Koji Usami, and Kazuyuki Takeda. "Heating-free, room-temperature operation of a radiofrequency-to-light signal transducer with a membrane oscillator and a built-in metasurface mirror." Applied Physics Express 15, no. 1 (December 9, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ac3e15.

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Abstract We present an electro-mechano-optical radiofrequency (rf)-to-light signal transducer robust against laser heating and thus operational at room temperature. A metal-free, low-loss metasurface mirror and an aluminum electrode made separately on a Si3N4 membrane oscillator comprise a chain of electro-mechanical and opto-mechanical systems, mediating electrical and optical signals through the (2,2)-mode characteristic oscillation. We demonstrate up-conversion of rf signals at 175.2 MHz by 6 orders of magnitude in frequency to an optical regime with the transfer efficiency of 2.3 × 10−9, also showing stable operation due to reduced laser heating of the mirror.
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5

Shigin, Pavel, Nikita Babinov, Gregory De Temmerman, Alessandro Danisi, Artem Dmitriev, Jens Larsen, Rene Madsen, et al. "RF discharge mirror cleaning system development for ITER diagnostics." Fusion Engineering and Design 164 (March 2021): 112162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.112162.

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6

Tang, Yunying, Fukun Liu, Xiaojie Wang, Wei Wei, Liyuan Zhang, Handong Xu, Dajun Wu, Weiye Xu, and Jian Wang. "Conceptual design of CFETR ECRH equatorial launcher and upper launcher." EPJ Web of Conferences 203 (2019): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920304016.

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The Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) system of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is designed to inject 20 MW RF power into the plasma for heating and current drive (H&CD) applications. The ECRH system consists of 20 gyrotrons, the associated power supplies, the transmission lines and one launcher. In order to compare the launcher performance from equatorial and upper ports, two types of launcher are designed in this paper. In equatorial launcher (EL), twenty in-vessel transmission lines are divided into four groups. Every five gaussian beams from in-vessel transmission lines face one fixed focusing mirror and one steering mirror. All gaussian beams are injected into the plasma with optimal toroidal and poloidal angles calculated by C3PO/LUKE code. In upper launcher (UL), twenty-one transmission lines are supposed and divides into three groups. Every seven gaussian beams are injected into one fixed focusing mirrors and all twenty-one beams reflected to one common steering mirror finally. The optical transmission characteristics and the convergence information of gaussian beams are checked and optimized. The EL or UL is installed on the equatorial or upper port with a port-plug modular structure.
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7

Ueda, Kyosuke, Takayuki Narushima, Tomoyuki Katsube, Hiroshi Kawamura, and Takashi Goto. "In Vitro Evaluation of RF Magnetron-Sputtered Calcium Phosphate Films on Titanium." Key Engineering Materials 352 (August 2007): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.352.305.

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Calcium phosphate coating films were fabricated on mirror-polished or blast-treated titanium substrates using radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and they were evaluated in vitro. Immersion tests for the films were conducted using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS(-)), and apatite formation and the elution of calcium ions from the films were investigated. The bonding strengths between the calcium phosphate films and titanium substrates before and after the immersion tests were evaluated. After the immersion tests, a decrease in the bonding strength was observed for the coating films on the mirror-polished titanium substrates, while that for the blast-treated titanium substrates was almost the same as that before the immersion tests.
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8

Chandrasenan, Archa, and Joseph Zacharias. "Non-linear photonic loop mirror based co-site interference canceller." Laser Physics Letters 19, no. 11 (October 13, 2022): 116207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac9679.

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Abstract Full duplex-in band (FDIB) is a well-established solution for increasing the data rate and spreading the link range for future communication systems. FDIB systems need no additional bandwidth requirement. However, they are confronted with a major interference challenge on the same site, called co-site interference (CSI). Long-established co-site interference cancellation (CSIC) methods achieve a cancellation depth upto 35 dB, conversely it has space containments, manufacturing imperfections, induces noise penalties and limits isolation bandwidth. To overcome these problems, RF photonic CSIC methods have been developed, which have produced 30 dB wide-band interference suppression. They also increase bandwidth, have a flexible structure, minimize losses and prevent periodic power fading. But these systems have a problem of inherent DC drift, low maintenance of coherence, and low isolation at low transmission power. Thus, there is a high need for photonic CSIC designs of FDIB systems that operate over wider bandwidths and at higher transmission powers. Here, a newfangled CSIC system based on a non-linear photonic loop and frequency down-conversion is proposed. It shows excellent CSIC suppression of greater than 61 dB, for a single frequency signal of interest (SOI) with maximum RF power of 13 dBm. Without frequency down-conversion, the system maintains an average cancellation depth of 62.541 dB for single frequency SOI. After frequency down conversion, the system maintains an average cancellation depth of 61.208 dB for narrow band SOI. The system attains 18% error vector magnitude at −20 dB RF output power, which confirms the comprehensive quality of the system.
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9

Kwon, M., J. G. Bak, K. K. Choh, J. H. Choi, J. J. Choi, J. W. Choi, K. S. Chung, et al. "RF-heating and plasma confinement studies in the HANBIT mirror device." Nuclear Fusion 43, no. 8 (July 18, 2003): 686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/43/8/308.

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10

Jhang, Hogun, S. S. Kim, S. G. Lee, J. G. Bak, and B. H. Park. "Influence of rf waves on interchange modes in HANBIT mirror plasmas." Nuclear Fusion 45, no. 9 (August 25, 2005): 1109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/45/9/011.

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11

Watazu, Akira, Katsuhiko Kimoto, Sonoda Tsutomu, Kinya Tanaka, Tomoji Sawada, Minoru Toyoda, and Naobumi Saito. "Ti-Ca-P Films Formed by RF Magnetron Sputtering Method Using Dual Targets." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.495.

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Ti-Ca-P films on commercial pure (cp) titanium plates were uniformly deposited using dual target RF magnetron sputtering apparatus with DC magnetron sputtering system under the conditions of 50 W DC power to a cp titanium target and 200 W RF power to a β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) target for 60 min in 2.2×10-1 Pa Ar. Resulting samples had smooth surface like mirror. Crystal structure of the film was amorphous. The film had the chemical composition of about 3: 1.7: 1: 11 in Ti: Ca: P: O ratio under controlling the β-TCP target RF sputtering power and the titanium target DC sputtering power. The film and the method are expected to be useful for remodeling surfaces of various titanium implants.
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12

Bak, J. G., Jinil Chung, S. G. Lee, J. G. Yang, J. H. Choi, B. C. Kim, J. Hong, and M. Kwon. "RF Field Measurement by Magnetic Probes in the Hanbit Magnetic Mirror Device." Fusion Technology 39, no. 1T (January 2001): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst01-a11963447.

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13

Majeski, R., J. J. Browning, S. Meassick, N. Hershkowitz, T. Intrator, and J. R. Ferron. "Effect of variable eigenmode excitation on rf stabilization of a mirror plasma." Physical Review Letters 59, no. 2 (July 13, 1987): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.59.206.

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14

Ushakov, Andrey, Ad Verlaan, Rob Ebeling, André Rijfers, Ray O’Neill, Mark Smith, Brentley Stratton, et al. "UWAVS first mirror plasma cleaning technology using 30–60 MHz RF discharges." Fusion Engineering and Design 131 (June 2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.04.047.

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15

Sung, Guo-Ming, Chao-Kong Chung, Yu-Jen Lai, and Jin-Yu Syu. "Small-Area Radiofrequency-Energy-Harvesting Integrated Circuits for Powering Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 12, 2019): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081754.

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This study presents a radiofrequency (RF)-energy-harvesting integrated circuit (IC) for powering wireless sensor networks with a wireless transmitter with an industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) of 915 MHz. The proposed IC comprises an RF-direct current (DC) rectifier, an over-voltage protection circuit, a low-power low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator, and a charger control circuit. In the RF-DC rectifier circuit, a six-stage Dickson voltage multiplier circuit is used to improve the received RF signal to a DC voltage by using native MOS with a small threshold voltage. The over-voltage protection circuit is used to prevent a high-voltage breakdown phenomenon from the RF front-end circuit, particularly for near-field communication. A low-power LDO regulator is designed to provide stable voltage by using zero frequency compensation and a voltage-trimming feedback. Charging current is amplified N times by using a current mirror to rapidly and stably charge a battery in the proposed charger control circuit. The obtained results revealed that the maximum power conversion efficiency of the proposed RF-energy-harvesting IC was 40.56% at an input power of −6 dBm, an output voltage of 1.5 V, and a load of 30 kΩ. A chip area of the RF-energy-harvesting IC was 0.58 × 0.49 mm2, including input/output pads, and power consumption was 42 μW.
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16

Kawato, Yuto, Taisei Motomura, Tatsuo Tabaru, Masato Uehara, and Tetsuya Okuyama. "Effect of RF power on AlN film crystallinity in low pressure range using Ar-20%N2 gases by magnetic mirror-type magnetron cathode." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 61, no. 4 (March 16, 2022): 046001. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac4f96.

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Abstract Effect of radio frequency (RF) power on aluminum nitride (AlN) film crystallinity has been studied under low gas pressure of ≥ 0.1 Pa and low RF power of ≥ 3 W with Ar-20%N2 gas by a proposed balanced magnetron cathode with a high plasma production efficiency. The gas pressure and the RF power dependences of AlN film crystallinity show that the c-axis oriented AlN films can be obtained only at 50 W and 100 W in 0.1 Pa. The AlN film crystallinity was not promoted in the low RF power range of <50 W. An Ar-rich sputtering condition at 0.1 Pa induced the Al–Al bonds in the deposited films in a high RF power range of ≥ 15 W. The control of the total flux balance between Al and nitrogen atoms at the substrate surface is important to design the optimum sputtering condition at 0.1 Pa.
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17

Soni, Kunal, Roland Steiner, Rodrigo Antunes, Lucas Moser, Pavel Shigin, Roger Reichle, Laurent Marot, and Ernst Meyer. "Study of wall re-deposition on DC-grounded ITER-relevant mirrors with RF plasma in a first mirror unit." Nuclear Fusion 61, no. 12 (October 22, 2021): 126017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac2b74.

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18

Huo, Dongquan, and Luhong Mao. "Circularly symmetric algorithm for UWB RF signal receiving channel based on noise cancellation." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0121.

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AbstractDue to the high redundancy of ultra-wideband (UWB) radio frequency (RF) signal receiving channel and the channel’s non-rotation invariance, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of signal transmission is increased. In order to solve this problem, a circularly symmetric algorithm for the UWB RF signal receiving channel based on spectrum compression cannot effectively reduce the redundancy of UWB RF signal receiving channel; the channel does not have rotation invariance; and the effect of noise reduction is poor. A circularly symmetric algorithm for the UWB RF signal receiving channel based on noise cancellation is proposed, and a noise cancellation structure at the input stage of the receiving channel is constructed to ensure channel noise cancellation and reduce noise in the channel. On this basis, five power zones are used to reasonably select RF devices, receive and downconvert UWB RF signal receiving channel, and convert the received UWB RF signal channel into circular symmetric Gabor transform to reduce redundancy and ensure the strict rotation invariance of the channel. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm guarantees the quality of the signal and the stable transmission of the signal information. The SNR is 3.8672, and the root mean square error is 0.4078. The third-order cross-modulation coefficient of the signal receiving channel controlled by the algorithm meets the requirements of the index and the mirror frequency rejection requirement of the index.
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19

Tzeng, S. S., Wei Min Wu, and J. S. Hsu. "Substrate Effect on the Diamond-Like Carbon Films Synthesized by RF Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 3574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.3574.

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were synthesized by RF plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using methane as carbon source. Effect of substrate on the growth of DLC films was investigated by using four different substrate materials, silicon wafer (100), glass, flat-polished and mirror-polished alumina. The carbon films were deposited at four different self-bias voltages (-157 V, -403 V, -500 V and -590 V) by changing the plasma power under fixed flow rate and working pressure. Raman analyses indicated that DLC films were deposited on silicon and glass substrates at the self-bias -403 V ~ -590 V, and polymer-like carbon films were obtained at -157 V. For the alumina substrates, different Raman results were observed for flat-polished and mirror-polished alumina substrates. The hardness of DLC films, deposited on silicon and glass substrates at the self-bias -403 V ~ -590 V, was within 16~20 GPa using nanoindentation technique.
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20

A.E. Gorodetsky, L.A. Snigirev, A.V. Markin, V.L. Bukhovets, T.V. Rybkina, R.Kh. Zalavutdinov, A.G. Razdobarin, E.E. Mukhin, and A.M. Dmitriev. "Sapphire surface layer structure and transmission in visible after sputtering in H-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--N-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- RF discharge." Technical Physics 92, no. 10 (2022): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tp.2022.10.54365.108-22.

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Leucosapphire (c-LS) structure and transmission in visible after surface treatment in 90%H2-10%N2 RF discharge are studied. According to AFM, the number of scratches of the mechanically polished surface decreased significantly after removal of about a 300 nm layer (exposure time of 12 h) under unchanged rms of roughness. According to TEM, a two-layer structure formed in the near-surface region consists of an outer 10 nm amorphous layer followed by a crystalline layer of 40-50 nm with a high defect density. The c-LS transmission in the angle of 400-1000 nm either slightly increased or remained unchanged. The demonstrated transmission stability during exposure in 90%H2-10%N2 RF discharge allows us to consider the plasma sputtering as a promising technique for cleaning contaminated windows protecting first mirror of divertor Thomson scattering being developed for ITER divertor Keywords: Leucosapphire, RF discharge, hydrogen, nitrogen, AFM, TEM, surface layer structure, visible transmission.
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21

Stephan, Ulf, Olaff Steinke, Andrey Ushakov, Ad Verlaan, Maarten de Bock, Lucas Moser, Matthew P. Maniscalco, Erik van Beekum, and Peter Verhoeff. "RF circuit analysis for ITER visible spectroscopy reference system first mirror plasma cleaning." Fusion Engineering and Design 168 (July 2021): 112654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112654.

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22

Kwon, M., J. G. Bak, K. Choh, J. H. Choi, J. W. Choi, A. C. England, J. S. Hong, et al. "Progress in the Study of RF Heating and Stabilization on HANBIT Mirror Device." Fusion Science and Technology 47, no. 1T (January 2005): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst05-a602.

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23

Yeom, J. H., C. M. Ryu, T. Lho, M. Kwon, and B. H. Park. "RF Field Study near the Ion Cyclotron Frequency in the HANBIT Mirror Device." Fusion Science and Technology 47, no. 1T (January 2005): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst05-a682.

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24

Swanson, C., and S. A. Cohen. "Spontaneous multi-keV electron generation in a low-RF-power axisymmetric mirror machine." Physics of Plasmas 26, no. 6 (June 2019): 060701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5093905.

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25

Yasaka, Y., and R. Itatani. "RF stabilization of high-density plasma in an axisymmetric mirror II: empirical scaling." Nuclear Fusion 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/25/1/003.

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26

Kim, Youn J., Yoon S. Choi, Kyung S. Shin, Sung H. Cho, In S. Choi, and Jeon G. Han. "High deposition rate microcrystalline silicon films prepared by magnetic mirror assisted RF-PECVD." Current Applied Physics 10, no. 3 (May 2010): S354—S356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2010.02.010.

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27

Jiang, Cheng Yu, Yang He, and Wei Zheng Yuan. "MEMS R&D Trends." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.181.

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Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) has been regarded as one of the most promising technologies for the 21st Century. Recently, some highlight areas attract great attention including Inertial MEMS, Optic MEMS, RF MEMS, BioMEMS, Power MEMS, and NEMS. The state of arts on MEMS research in China is briefly introduced and research activities in Northwestern Polytechnical University such as MEMS CAD tool, inertial MEMS devices, flexible substrate for MEMS integration, micro mirror, micro battery and three dimension measurement are demonstrated.
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28

Park, Min-Joon, Sun-Ho Kim, In-Seok Hong, and Yong-Seok Hwang. "Development of an RF Plasma Source with Mirror Field for a Compact Neutron Generator." Fusion Science and Technology 43, no. 1T (January 2003): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst03-a11963624.

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29

Cooper, C. A., and L. D. Cooley. "Mirror-smooth surfaces and repair of defects in superconducting RF cavities by mechanical polishing." Superconductor Science and Technology 26, no. 1 (November 22, 2012): 015011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/26/1/015011.

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30

Marot, L., L. Moser, R. Steiner, W. Erni, M. Steinacher, S. Dine, C. Porosnicu, et al. "RF discharge mirror cleaning for ITER optical diagnostics using 60 MHz very high frequency." Fusion Engineering and Design 163 (February 2021): 112140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.112140.

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31

Hojo, Hitoshi, Tadatsugu Hatori, and Syoichi Miyoshi. "Potential Enhancement Due to RF-Induced Parallel Velocity Space Diffusion in a Tandem Mirror." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 59, no. 3 (March 15, 1990): 789–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.59.789.

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32

Ganjali, Monireh, and V. A. Saetchnikov. "Three-Mirror Multiple-Pass Cavity of a Transversely RF-Excited Planar Waveguide CO2 Laser." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 2 (March 2005): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10812-005-0056-y.

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33

Aiello, Orazio. "Design of an Ultra-Low Voltage Bias Current Generator Highly Immune to Electromagnetic Interference." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 11, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea11010006.

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The paper deals with the immunity to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) of the current source for Ultra-Low-Voltage Integrated Circuits (ICs). Based on the properties of IC building blocks, such as the current-splitter and current correlator, a novel current generator is conceived. The proposed solution is suitable to provide currents to ICs operating in the sub-threshold region even in the presence of an electromagnetic polluted environment. The immunity to EMI of the proposed solution is compared with that of a conventional current mirror and evaluated by analytic means and with reference to the 180 nm CMOS technology process. The analysis highlights how the proposed solution generates currents down to nano-ampere intrinsically robust to the Radio Frequency (RF) interference affecting the input of the current generator, differently to what happens to the output current of a conventional mirror under the same conditions.
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34

Городецкий, А. Е., Л. А. Снигирев, А. В. Маркин, В. Л. Буховец, Т. В. Рыбкина, Р. Х. Залавутдинов, А. Г. Раздобарин, Е. Е. Мухин, and А. М. Дмиртиев. "Структура поверхностного слоя и пропускание света сапфиром после распыления в ВЧ разряде в смеси H-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--N-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-." Журнал технической физики 92, no. 10 (2022): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2022.10.53252.108-22.

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Leucosapphire (c-LS) structure and transmission in visible after surface treatment in 90%H2-10%N2 RF discharge are studied. According to AFM, the number of scratches of the mechanically polished surface decreased significantly after removal of about a 300 nm layer (exposure time of 12 h) under unchanged rms of roughness. According to TEM, a two-layer structure formed in the near-surface region consists of an outer 10 nm amorphous layer followed by a crystalline layer of 40–50 nm with a high defect density. The c-LS transmission in the angle of 400–1000 nm either slightly increased or remained unchanged. The demonstrated transmission stability during exposure in 90%H2-10%N2 RF discharge allows us to consider the plasma sputtering as a promising technique for cleaning contaminated windows protecting first mirror of divertor Thomson scattering being developed for ITER divertor.
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35

CHA, Hyouk-Kyu. "A CMOS RF Programmable Gain Amplifier Using Current Mirror Method for Digital TV Tuner Applications." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E93-C, no. 5 (2010): 706–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e93.c.706.

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36

Golovato, S. N., R. A. Breun, J. R. Ferron, R. H. Goulding, N. Hershkowitz, S. F. Horne, and L. Yujiri. "Fueling and heating of tandem mirror end cells using rf at the ion-cyclotron frequency." Physics of Fluids 28, no. 2 (1985): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865085.

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37

Adejumobi, Babatunde S., and Narushan Pillay. "RF mirror media-based space-time block coded spatial modulation techniques for two time-slots." IET Communications 13, no. 15 (September 17, 2019): 2313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2018.5161.

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38

Kumazawa, Ryuhei, Keizo Adati, Takashi Aoki, Hideki Fujita, Shigeru Hidekuma, Toshikazu Kawamoto, Hiroshi Masumoto, et al. "Scaling Studies on RF Plugging Potential in the Cusp-Anchored Mirror Device,RFC-XX-M." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 57, no. 3 (March 15, 1988): 918–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.57.918.

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39

Hojo, Hitoshi, and Tadatsugu Hatori. "Radial Transport Induced by Rotating RF Fields andBreakdown of Intrinsic Ambipolarity in a Magnetic Mirror." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 60, no. 8 (August 15, 1991): 2510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.60.2510.

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40

Yoon, N. S., B. H. Park, J. G. Yang, and S. M. Hwang. "Global Discharge Modeling and Simulation and an RF Heating Theory of the Hanbit Magnetic Mirror Discharge." Fusion Technology 35, no. 1T (January 1999): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst99-a11963899.

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41

Narushima, Takayuki, Kyosuke Ueda, Takashi Goto, Jun Kurihara, and Hiroshi Kawamura. "Calcium Phosphate Coating on Titanium Using Dry Process." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2162.

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Oxyapatite, amorphous calcium phosphate, and double-layered calcium phosphate coating films were fabricated on mirror-polished commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) and blasted Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrates by radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering; the properties of these films were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. The bonding strength between the calcium phosphate films and the Ti substrates was higher than 50 MPa. This value is higher than the bonding strength reported in the case of plasma-sprayed calcium phosphate coating films fabricated on Ti substrates. The removal torque of screw-type blasted Ti-6Al-4V alloy implants in the femurs of Japanese white rabbits increased with the duration of implantation, and the removal torque values of the coated implants was observed to be higher than those of the non-coated implants. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that coating Ti implants with calcium phosphate films using RF magnetron sputtering is effective in improving the bone compatibility of Ti implants. Finally, the factors that should be considered in fabricating biomedical coating films were discussed.
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42

Chávez, Matías, and Matthias Ernst. "A continuous approach to Floquet theory for pulse-sequence optimization in solid-state NMR." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 18 (November 14, 2022): 184103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0109229.

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We present a framework that uses a continuous frequency space to describe and design solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. The approach is similar to the well-established Floquet treatment for NMR, but it is not restricted to periodic Hamiltonians and allows the design of experiments in a reverse fashion. The framework is based on perturbation theory on a continuous Fourier space, which leads to effective, i.e., time-independent, Hamiltonians. It allows the back-calculation of the pulse scheme from the desired effective Hamiltonian as a function of spin-system parameters. We show as an example how to back-calculate the rf irradiation in the MIRROR experiment from the desired chemical-shift offset behavior of the sequence.
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43

Бершадская, E. Bershadskaya, Бершадский, and Mikhail Bershadskiy. "Portrait of the Regional Schools Director (Regional Schools Director in the Mirror of Sociological Studies)." Profession-Oriented School 4, no. 5 (October 17, 2016): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22485.

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The article describes the results of a sociological study, carried out in one of the territorial entity of the RF. The comparative analysis of the responses to the questionnaire is given regarding the personal qualities of directors, the knowledge and skills needed to perform their professional duties, and avoid preferred management style, professional competencies, typical diffi culties and forms of training. The characteristic features of an eff ective director are revealed: diplomatic skills; the ability to apply the work style of the team; the capacity for strategic planning; analytic skills; interest in achieving high performance. It was found that a successful director has a broad and deep vision of the entire problem fi eld related to his activities. The article off ers the most eff ective forms of training directors.
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44

Dmitriev, Artem M., N. A. Babinov, A. N. Bazhenov, I. M. Bukreev, D. I. Elets, V. V. Filimonov, A. N. Koval, et al. "RF plasma cleaning of water-cooled mirror equipped with notch filter based on shorted λ/4 line." Fusion Engineering and Design 146 (September 2019): 1390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.02.090.

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45

Baba, So, and Shoji Miyake. "Influence of RF Power Supply on Electron-Cyclotron-Resonance Plasma with Mirror Confinement for SrTiO3Thin Film Formation." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 39, Part 1, No. 8 (August 15, 2000): 4945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.39.4945.

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46

Tzou, Wen Cheng, Hon Kuan, and Kai Yang Chuang. "The Influences of Annealing Temperatures on the Properties of HfO2 Thin Film and the Fabrication of SiO2/HfO2 Distributed Bragg Reflector." Advanced Materials Research 1101 (April 2015): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1101.238.

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In this study, HfO2 thin films were deposited onto the Si substrates by RF magnetron sputtering system. After deposition, the HfO2 thin films were then heated by a furnace thermal annealing process in air and at 400-700oC. The surface morphologies and crystalline characteristics of the HfO2 thin films were investigated by using SEM and XRD patterns. The grain sizes and crystalline phases increased with rising annealing temperature. In addition, the SiO2/HfO2 distributed bragg reflector (DBR) was used for improving the external quantum efficiency of the GaN-based LEDs. The output power of LEDs with 9-pair SiO2/HfO2 DBR and with Ag mirror+6-pair SiO2/HfO2 DBR were increased by approximately 10.6% and 7%, respectively, as compared with the LEDs without SiO2/HfO2 DBR.
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47

Lee, S. G., J. G. Bak, H. G. Jhang, and S. S. Kim. "RF Power and Magnetic Field Modulation Experiments with Simple Mirror Geometry in the Central Cell of Hanbit Device." Fusion Science and Technology 47, no. 1T (January 2005): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst05-a630.

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48

Cha, Hyouk-Kyu. "A Highly-Integrated Low-Noise MICS Band Receiver RF Front-End IC with AC-Coupled Current Mirror Amplifier." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 01 (October 15, 2018): 1950010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619500105.

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This work presents a low-noise, low-power receiver RF front-end integrated circuit (IC) for 402–405[Formula: see text]MHz medical implant communications service (MICS) band applications using 0.18-[Formula: see text]m CMOS process. The proposed front-end employs an AC-coupled current mirroring amplifier in between the low-noise current-reuse transconductor amplifier and a single-balanced IQ mixer for improved gain and noise performance in comparison to previous works. The designed front-end IC achieves a simulated performance of 36.5[Formula: see text]dB conversion gain, 1.85[Formula: see text]dB noise figure, and IIP3 of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dBm while consuming 440[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W from 1-V voltage supply. The consumed core layout area, including I/Q LO generation and current bias circuits, is only 0.29[Formula: see text]mm2.
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49

Singer, Andrew C., Gizem Tabak, and Michael L. Oelze. "High data rate ultrasonic communications." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011201.

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Ultrasonic signals have been used in biomedical applications since at least the 1940s. Underwater acoustic signals have been used in the subsea industry for ranging since the early 1900s and for SONAR imaging and communication in the decades that followed. Since the development of subsea communication systems in the 1940s, increasingly sophisticated means have be developed for transmitting information acoustically through the highly variable ocean environment. State-of-the-art acoustic communication systems leverage ultrasonic transducers to achieve data transmission rates that mirror radio-frequency (RF)-based WiFi systems on land. The increasing use of wireless implanted medical devices (IMDs) have increased interest in through-tissue communications. Restrictions on the available bandwidth and transmit signal power limit the data rates of RF-based IMDs. In this talk, we give an overview of video-capable ultrasonic wireless communication between IMDs and external devices. We emphasize the potential of such a system for improving video capsule endoscopy and describe the challenges of through-tissue acoustic communication. Building on experience with subsea-communication systems, we discuss methods to cope with attenuation, dispersion, reflection, and nonlinear propagation. Some of our recent experiments performed ex vivo with soft tissue samples and in vivo with anesthetized animal subjects will be discussed.
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50

Viguier, Jerome, François Eisinger, Sebastien Couraud, Lysel Guibaudet, Jean-Yves Blay, Laurent Greillier, Christine Lhomel, Alexis B. Cortot, Jean F. Morere, and Xavier B. Pivot. "Awareness and misconceptions of colorectal cancer risk factors among laypersons and physicians." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2017): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.536.

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536 Background: The aim of EDIFICE surveys is to improve insight into the behavior of the French population with regard to cancer prevention and participation in screening programs. The colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program is in place and targets the 50-74-yr age group. CRC prevention also relies on increased awareness of known risk factors (behavioral [BRF] or non-behavioral [NBRF]). This analysis focuses on awareness of CRC risk factors among the lay population and physicians. Methods: The 4th nationwide observational survey was conducted by phone interviews using the quota method. A representative sample of 1463 individuals with no history of cancer (age, 40-75 yrs) was interviewed between June 12 and July 10, 2014. A mirror survey on a representative sample of 301 physicians was conducted between July 9 and August 8, 2014. Interviewees were asked to cite the five main RF for CRC. Results: Heredity/family history of CRC was widely cited by physicians but far less by laypersons (LP) (95.3% vs. 26.1%, P < 0.01). Digestive disorders, age, polyps and Crohn’s disease were also cited as NBRF by 38.2%, 22.9%, 15.3% and 12.3% of physicians, respectively. In comparison, these RF were very rarely cited by LP (5.4%, 1.5%, 1.7% and 0.1%, respectively, P < 0.01). Unhealthy-lifestyle RF were cited by 86.4% and 52.7% of physicians and LP, respectively (P < 0.01): poor eating habits, ranked first for both physicians and LP (80.1 vs 46.8%, P < 0.01), including unbalanced or excessively rich diet (52.8% vs. 41.2%, P < 0.01) and excessive quantities of red meat (12.6% vs. 2.2%, P < 0.01). Among unhealthy-lifestyle RF, after poor eating habits, physicians cited first tobacco (24.3%), then alcohol (19.9%), and lack of exercise (14.6%) as other BRF. These were cited by 12.2% (P < 0.01), 16.0% (NS) and 4.7% (P < 0.01) of LP, respectively. Overweight/obesity was cited by 19.6% of physicians but by only 1.8% of LP. Conclusions: Overall, there is a lower level of awareness of CRC risk factors in lay persons than in physicians. Physicians are generally aware that heredity/family history and unhealthy lifestyle are the major RF for CRC, in line with the widely recognized RF. In contrast, lay persons rank BRF highest, and notably those related to poor eating habits.
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