Academic literature on the topic 'Revolutions – europe, central – history'

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Journal articles on the topic "Revolutions – europe, central – history"

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Beller, Steven. "Central Europe: Birthplace of the Modern World?" Austrian History Yearbook 23 (January 1992): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800002897.

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It is not very often that the lands of Central Europe are uppermost in the historical consciousness of Western public opinion. Chamberlainesque ignorance has been the norm. In recent years, however, this situation has been at least partially remedied by two events: the dramatic series of revolutions in Eastern Europe, and—the topic of this essay—the perception of, and fascination with, Central Europe as the place from which our modern world sprang.
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Poe, Marshall. "The Consequences of the Military Revolution in Muscovy: A Comparative Perspective." Comparative Studies in Society and History 38, no. 4 (October 1996): 603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500020478.

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What has been called the early modern military revolution may be described most simply as the replacement of small cavalry forces by huge gunpowder infantry armies. The revolution was a diffusionary process with a relatively well-understood chronology and geography. The innovations at its core began in northern Italy in the later fifteenth century and spread throughout central, northern, and eastern Europe in the three centuries that followed. Seen in this way, it was a unique and unitary phenomenon. Thus we speak ofthemilitary revolution, an episode in world history, instead of several different revolutions in the constituent parts of Europe. Nonetheless, the course and impact of the revolution were different in the regions it eventually affected.
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TISMANEANU, VLADIMIR. "The Revolutions of 1989: Causes, Meanings, Consequences." Contemporary European History 18, no. 3 (August 2009): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777309005049.

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AbstractThe events of 1989 had world-shattering revolutionary consequences. They brought about a new vision of the political based upon a rediscovery of democratic participation and civic activism. The upheaval in the east, and primarily in the central, European countries, represented a series of political revolutions that led to the decisive and irreversible transformation of the existing order. When explaining 1989, one needs to focus on three major themes: the deep-seated meanings of the collapse of state socialist regimes in east central Europe, the nature of revolutions at the end of the twentieth century, and the role of critical (public) intellectuals in politics. There is no single factor that explains the collapse of Leninism: economics as much as politics, and culture as much as insoluble social tensions converged in making these regimes irretrievably obsolete. The aftermath of 1989 generated a fluidity of political commitments, allegiances and affiliations that signalled a general crisis of values and authority. There is a need for ‘social glue’ and the existing political formations have failed to imagine such ingredients for the consensus needed in order to generate constitutional patriotism. A fundamental source for reinforcing democracy in east central Europe is the synthesis between the history and the memory of communism with the purpose of achieving moral justice.
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McIntosh, Mary E., Martha Abele Mac Iver, Daniel G. Abele, and Dina Smeltz. "Publics Meet Market Democracy in Central and East Europe, 1991-1993." Slavic Review 53, no. 2 (1994): 483–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2501302.

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The revolutions of 1989 in central and east Europe raise crucial questions for the social sciences. Is it possible to build democracy and capitalism simultaneously in societies that have no real history of either system? Will democracy really take root and flourish in societies without an existing market economy? Or will the monumental task of creating a market economy strain these new democratic governments to the limit and ultimately lead to an authoritarian backlash? Since the transition to democracy from socialism is unprecedented, history can offer little useful data from which to derive well founded predictions.
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KOPSTEIN, JEFFREY. "1989 as a Lens for the Communist Past and Post-communist Future." Contemporary European History 18, no. 3 (August 2009): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777309005050.

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AbstractPolitical scientists have documented significant variation in political and economic outcomes of the 1989–91 revolutions. Countries bordering on western Europe have become relatively democratic and economically successful, with both democracy and wealth dropping off as one moves east and south. Explanations for this variation and the replication of an older pattern on the Eurasian landmass have moved farther and farther into the past. Yet in moving to the longue durée, more proximate events such as the revolutions of 1989, the demise of communism and even the communist experience itself recede into the background and are themselves accounted for by antecedent conditions. The article discusses how two more proximate factors helped to change older patterns in central and eastern Europe: the impact of communist modernisation and the prospect of European integration.
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Zimmerman, Andrew. "Race against Revolution in Central and Eastern Europe." East Central Europe 43, no. 1-2 (September 16, 2016): 14–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04302004.

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Racism and racial “science” emerged in Europe as an elite response to a worldwide wave of rural insurgencies that began in the era of the French and Haitian Revolutions and continues, in its own way, to this day. In his dialectic of lord and bondsman, g.w.f. Hegel formulated political, economic, and biopolitical ideas from the uprisings occurring in his world, creating a now long-standing dialogue between dialectical theory, including Marxism, and rural insurgency. Racism was part of a biopolitical counterrevolution that sought to maintain the power of elites over insurgent populations. Here Prussia played a central role, as its struggle against the autonomy of migrant agricultural labors took the form of campaigns against the “Polonization” of Prussia. The social scientist Max Weber theorized this struggle in a series of essays on race and rural labor that produced a racism based on culture rather than biology. This cultural racism, like the insurgent discourses it opposes, persists in many forms in Central Europe and around the world.
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Brier, Robert. "Transnational Culture and the Political Transformation of East-Central Europe." European Journal of Social Theory 12, no. 3 (August 2009): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368431009337350.

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In social scientific studies of Europe’s new democracies, there has emerged an analytical approach which transcends the teleology of ‘transitology’ and, focusing on the impact of culture and history, is sensitive to the contingencies and ‘eventfulness’ of social transformations. The main thrust of this article is that such a culturo-historical approach may prove useful not only in assessing the different results to which the processes of democratization lead at the national level, but also to assess the general direction of political change after 1989 towards democracy. Building on Eisenstadt’s notion of modernity as a cultural and political program, this article therefore attempts to understand the revolutions of 1989 not only as the mere sum of particular national events, but also as part of an ‘entangled history’, that is, as a common, transnational phenomenon which was based on and articulated a shared cultural understanding.
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Lewis, Paul G. "The Repositioning of Opposition in East‐Central Europe." Government and Opposition 32, no. 4 (October 1997): 614–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00449.x.

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THE EVENTS OF 1989 IN EASTERN EUROPE HAVE BEEN INTERPRETED in diverse and often contradictory ways: from the end of history to its rebirth, as both negotiated revolutions and popular uprisings. In many countries a fundamental repositioning of opposition and dissident forces was observed — changing from groups of anti-system activists quite outside the political establishment into major statesmen and national leaders involving, in some cases, rapid transformation into the occupants of major or even prime ministerial roles. Similarly, the former monopolistic ruling parties often found themselves quickly relegated to the margins of political life as oppositions of dubious legitimacy and minuscule political influence. Yet these roles were also subject to rapid reversal and further repositioning in a number of countries. The major difference now was that former governments became formally constituted oppositions rather than political pariahs or enemies of the people. That was a measure of the significance of the change that had been effected.
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Dalla Grana, Giulio. "Fight and Contemplation. The Towianists amid the European Revolutions of 1848." Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture New Series, no. 17 (1/2023) (May 2023): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/24506249pj.23.002.18995.

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The aim of the article is to show the European diffusion of an esoteric doctrine that originated in Lithuania in the nineteenth century and its circulation during the European uprisings of 1848. The article focuses on a case study of heterodox Catholic thought promoted by Andrzej Towiański. Towianism was diffused in Central and Eastern Europe and consolidated its presence in Western and Southern Europe. The Towianists acted to influence politics and participated in several key historical events of the nineteenth century. Using archival sources, the article investigates the relationship between Romantic nationalism and esotericism, its transnational nature, and its contribution to a turning point in European history.
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Fatić, Aleksandar. "The social crisis of 'central'- eastern Europe since 1989." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 69, no. 9 (1997): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv9709343f.

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This paper deals with specific aspects of the crisis of social policy on the "central"-eastem European region, after the onset of political changes that commenced in 1989 with the so-called ..anti-communist revolutions", especially in "central" European countries. The period that began then has been characterised by fast political "transition" and restructuralisation of the economy and political institutions. It has brought with it the excitements of the "capitalisation" of the economy and society, greater individual liberties and rights. However, it has also inflicted on the region a social crisis of apocalyptic dimensions, which is truly unprecedent in this century's history of eastern Europe. The paper explores some particular elements of this social crisis, both statistically and qualitatively. These aspects of the crisis are interpreted, and in its concluding section the paper purports to suggest that any institutional and political change tends to have its more or less devastating social price, which in the case of most countries of "central"-eastern Europe could be have been lower if the reform had progressed at a more moderate and better planned pace.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Revolutions – europe, central – history"

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Rodda, Ruth. "The 1989 revolutions in East-Central Europe : a comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/372.

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There is a substantial amount of existing literature that focuses on the revolutionary events of 1989 in East-Central Europe. Yet, there are few comparisons which apply a comparative-historical approach to a small set of cases. A large body of existing literature provides the ideal situation for a comparative-historical study. This thesis will test the utility of applying a comparative-historical methodological approach to the events of 1989 in four countries in East-Central Europe. The four countries are paired into two cases. The case of Poland and Hungary is compared with the case of Bulgaria and Romania. A theoretical frame of reference is developed from previous comparative-historical studies of revolutionary events, criticisms of them, and the general theoretical debates which they generate. This frame of reference incorporates a broad range of variables, and is used to inform the application of the method. Differences (and similarities) between the cases are then investigated, and the utility of the method assessed. Additionally, the application of the method allows some current theoretical and conceptual debates concerning the East- Central European events to be confronted. Part 1 of the thesis applies a comparative-historical method of analysis to the cases up to, and including some aspects of the 1989 events. In Part 2, patterns of difference between the cases are identified in terms of revolutionary forms and outcomes. Following the logic of the method common factors are identified as potential contributing factors to the collapse of communism, while patterns of difference suggest that the political, economic and social 'nature' of the communist systems had an impact on the forms of change and their outcomes. It is recognised that the comparative-historical approach utilised in this thesis has limitations. However, the method is shown to be useful for identifying common factors across cases, and significant variations between cases, which can generate potential explanation, and provide better understanding of such revolutionary phenomena as that which occurred in East-Central Europe in 1989.
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GARCÍA, DE PASO Ignacio. "'The Storms of 1848' : the global revolutions in Spain." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74332.

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Defence date: 07 March 2022
Examining Board: Lucy Riall (European University Institute); Pieter Judson (European University Institute); Florencia Peyrou Universidad Autónoma de Madrid); Stephen Jacobson, (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)
This thesis explores the effect of the 1848 revolutionary cycle in Spain and its imperial space, focusing on its global connections and on the intersections between revolution, counterrevolution, and empire building. In doing so, it aims to contribute to a global approach to the 1848 revolutions that goes beyond perspectives that are exclusively centred on Europe as space. In this thesis, mid-nineteenth century Spain is understood not as a nation-state within the Iberian Peninsula, but as a fluid global empire with colonies, diasporas, and exile communities in various spaces. Considering the chronological frame of a “long 1848” and using various scales, this thesis stresses the continuities between the political upheavals and international reconfigurations that occurred around the year 1846, and the revolutionary events of 1848-1849. This thesis opposes the traditional image of Spain as an exception to the revolutionary cycle. It argues that the Parisian Revolution did in fact have a significant impact on the Iberian Peninsula, which prompted the Spanish government to develop counterrevolutionary measures on both sides of the Atlantic. Exile communities in Europe and spaces like Paris, Oran or New Orleans profited from the occasion presented by the 1848 revolutions to challenge either the political status quo in the metropole or the colonial order in the Caribbean. This generated a flow of transnational mobilities of revolutionary (and counterrevolutionary) actors, information, propaganda, and material; mobilities that diverse state actors tried to curtail through various means to prevent revolutionary contagion. At the same time, hundreds of political prisoners were sent to overseas possessions as part of a repressive repertoire that combined counterrevolution and colonisation through the relocation of convicts. Finally, this thesis explores the changes to several political cultures in the Spanish empire during the early 1850s as a result of the revolutionary cycle.
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Niebrzydowski, Paul. "Reining in the Four Horsemen: American Relief to Eastern Central Europe, 1915-1923." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531955257780496.

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Bogaard, Amy. "The permanence, intensity and seasonality of early crop cultivation in Western-Central Europe." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6003/.

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The aim of this project is to assess competing models of neolithic-bronze age crop husbandry (shifting cultivation, extensive ard cultivation, floodplain cultivation, intensive garden cultivation) in the loess belt of western-central Europe and the Alpine Foreland by analysing archaeobotanical weed assemblages. Modern weed survey studies relating to three key variables (permanence, intensity, seasonality) distinguishing these models are used as ‘controls' to which the archaeobotanical weed data are compared on the basis of their weed ecological characteristics. Data on the ecology of the archaeobotanically attested weed taxa are assembled by measuring the 'functional attributes' (ecologically meaningful morphological and behavioural traits) of robust present-day specimens. This method was previously used to analyse the modern weed survey studies of traditional crop husbandry regimes, with the result that weed species characterising different regimes could be distinguished on the basis of their functional attributes. Archaeobotanical samples most likely to contain crop and weed material from the same arable source are identified by considering the influence of various taphonomic factors on sample composition. Of the thousands of archaeobotanical samples available from the study area, 130 samples, mostly neolithic (especially early neolithic) in date, are selected as offering the best evidence of crop growing conditions. Direct comparison of the modern and archaeobotanical weed data indicate that cereals (mostly glume wheats) were grown in fixed plots sown in the autumn and managed using intensive methods (e. g. careful tillage and weeding, manuring or middening). While the shifting, extensive ard and floodplain cultivation models can be excluded based on these results, intensive garden cultivation emerges as the most plausible model of crop husbandry, with a series of implications for the mobility, productivity and long-term sustainability of early crop cultivation in western-central Europe. Exploration of internal variation in weed composition among archaeobotanical samples reveals ecological trends and hence differences in crop husbandry practices between archaeological sites as well as within the best-represented site, LBK Vaihingen. Inter-site differences appear to reflect the existence of regional crop husbandry traditions, while intra-site variability in cultivation intensity at Vaihingen may relate to the unusually high degree of nucleation at this enclosed LBK site.
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Heidenhain, Brigitte. "Juden in Wriezen : ihr Leben in der Stadt von 1677 bis 1940 und ihr Friedhof." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1519/.

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Pri ha-Pardes (Früchte des Obstgartens) ist eine Reihe der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V., welche in Verbindung mit dem Zentrum für Jüdische Studien der Universität Potsdam publiziert wird. Pri ha-Pardes möchte kleineren wissenschaftlichen Studien, Forschungen am Rande der großen Disziplinen und exzellenten Masterarbeiten eine Publikationsplattform bieten. Im ersten Band dieser Reihe zeichnet Brigitte Heidenhain die Geschichte der Juden in Wriezen nach, welche 1677 einsetzte und 1940 mit ihrer Vertreibung und Ermordung endete. Zahlreiche, zumeist bislang unbeachtete Quellen des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts aus brandenburgischen und Berliner Archiven lassen die Auswirkungen der preußischen Judenpolitik im Leben des Einzelnen und der Gemeinde lebendig vor uns erstehen. Im 18. Jahrhundert war die Existenz der Wriezener Juden vom Kampf um die Aufenthaltserlaubnis und gegen drohende Verarmung geprägt. Die im 19. Jahrhundert neu gewonnene Niederlassungsfreiheit brachte eine Vergrößerung der jüdischen Gemeinde mit sich und gegen Ende des Jahrhunderts eine leichte Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Lage. Über das schnelle und vollständige Ende jüdischen Lebens in Wriezen nach 1938 gibt es kaum schriftliche Informationen. Die wichtigste Quelle ist die Datenbank der Gedächtnisstätte JadwaSchem in Jerusalem. In ihr wird die Erinnerung an 56 namentlich bekannte ermordete Wriezener Juden aufbewahrt. Der Band wird mit der Beschreibung des seit 1730 existierenden jüdischen Friedhofes und der Erfassung der hebräischen Grabinschriften abgeschlossen.
The history of jews in Wriezen begins in 1677, shortly after Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm allowed jews to settle in Brandenburg again through his edict of 1671. However, during the whole of the 18th century Prussian policy toward jews was extremely restrictive . The results of this policy are clearly visible in the life of the jews of Wriezen: they always remained a small congregation since this was the will of the king for small towns. Life was dominated by the struggle for the right of residence. Status as "Schutzjude" (i.e. "Protected Jew") was restricted to few individuals, leading to the separation of families as younger siblings were forced to leave. State regulated economic policy strongly restricted the freedom of trade, the main source of income for the jews, leading to the impoverishment of most jewish families in Wriezen. In the 18th century, there was no organized congregational activity. This only developed in the course of the 19th century. The jews of Wriezen built their first synagogue in 1820, replacing it with a new and larger one in 1886. The emancipation edict of 1812 improved the general situation of individuals and the new freedom of movement led to an influx of jews to Wriezen. But full legal equality with other citizens was not achieved until the German Empire was founded in 1871. In the first half of the 19th century, the economic situation of the jews of Wriezen was still quite modest, only improving toward the end of the century. There were numerous fluctuations in the membership of the jewish community in the last decades of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. But the number of jewish inhabitants of Wriezen remained relatively constant at 100 -120 individuals. There is hardly any written information on the sudden and complete end of jewish life in Wriezen after 1938. At least 59 jewish citizens of Wriezen were deported and murdered between 1940 and 1945. The victims are commemorated in the public database of the Yad-VaShem Memorial in Jerusalem. There has been a jewish cemetery in Wriezen since 1730, in which 131 gravestones still survive today. The oldest dates back to 1773, the last is from 1940.
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Kühn, Christoph. "Jüdische Delinquenten in der Frühen Neuzeit : Lebensumstände delinquenter Juden in Aschkenas und die Reaktionen der jüdischen Gemeinden sowie der christlichen Obrigkeit." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1756/.

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Pri ha-Pardes (Früchte des Obstgartens) ist eine Reihe der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V., welche in Verbindung mit dem Institut für Jüdische Studien der Universität Potsdam publiziert wird. Pri ha-Pardes möchte kleineren wissenschaftlichen Studien, Forschungen am Rande der großen Disziplinen und exzellenten Masterarbeiten eine Publikationsplattform bieten. Im dritten Band der Reihe Pri ha-Pardes beleuchtet Christoph Kühn das Leben jüdischer Delinquenten im frühneuzeitlichen Deutschland. Jüdische Delinquenten lebten – in unterschiedlichem Maße – am Rande sowohl der christlichen als auch der jüdischen Gesellschaft. Diese doppelte Marginalisierung wird in dem vorliegenden Band untersucht. Die Frühe Neuzeit ist eine Epoche, in der sich das jüdische Leben meist außerhalb urbaner Zentren abspielte, die Epoche des Landjudentums. Ein Resultat ökonomischer und sozialer Restriktionen waren umherziehende Gruppen von Betteljuden, aus denen sich wiederum Teile der jüdischen Delinquenten rekrutierten. Jüdische Sozialeinrichtungen waren für die oft überregional agierenden delinquenten Juden eine lebensnotwenige Infrastruktur. Jedoch nicht alle Delinquenten gehörten zu den Nichtsesshaften. Die Verbundenheit zur jüdischen Gemeinschaft blieb meist bestehen, auch wenn das „Gaunerleben“ nicht immer von großer Frömmigkeit geprägt war. Für jüdische Gemeinden war es nicht einfach, zwischen ehrbaren und delinquenten Juden zu unterscheiden. Im Falle einer Missetat reichten die Reaktionen von öffentlicher Rüge bis zum großen Bann. Seitens der christlichen Obrigkeit wurden gegen Juden keine spezifischen Strafen verhängt, obgleich negative Vorstellungen von einer „typisch jüdischen“ Delinquenz virulent waren.
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Grözinger, Elvira. "Ein Dreiecksverhältnis in Geschichte und Gegenwart : Polen, Deutsche, Juden." Universität Potsdam, 1991. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1845/.

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Aus dem Inhalt: Ende der siebziger Jahre kam aus Krakau eine sensationelle Nachricht: Der lange verlorengeglaubte Nachlaß von August Varnhagen von Ense, in dem sich auch die Briefe seiner Frau Rahel, geborene Levin, befinden, wurde in der Jagiellonen-Bibliothek wiedergefunden. Dadurch ergab sich für alle Interessierten - Germanisten, Judaisten, Historiker - erneut die Möglichkeit, in authentische Zeugnisse der deutsch-jüdischen Kultur des 19. Jahrhunderts Einblick zu nehmen. Sowohl die Varnhagen-Forschung als auch das damit zusammenhängende Interesse an den jüdischen Frauen der deutschen Romantik hat dadurch neue Impulse erhalten. Dies ist ein erfreuliches Beispiel fruchtbarer kultureller Wechselbeziehungen im Dreieck zwischen Deutschen, Polen und Juden. Aber es gibt auch anderes: Wenn man heute durch Polen fährt, kann man auf den Mauern die in deutscher Sprache (!) gepinselten Parolen »Juden raus!« lesen. Damit wären wir in medias res, denn die Geschichte der drei so eng miteinander verbundenen Völker ist gekennzeichnet durch wechselvolle, meist konfliktreiche Koexistenz, die aber trotzdem für alle Beteiligten kulturell sehr bereichernd sein kann.
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Grözinger, Elvira. "Die Jüdischen Salons in Berlin." Universität Potsdam, 1995. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1847/.

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Aus dem Inhalt: Die Jahre 1780-1806 gelten als die Epoche der ersten, nunmehr weltbekannten jüdischen Salons von Berlin. Während die amerikanische Forscherin Deborah Hertz insgesamt neun jüdische Salons aufzählt, werden üblicherweise als die drei wichtigsten die folgenden genannt: die der Henriette Herz, Rahel Varnhagen und Dorothea Schlegel. Diese drei Frauen haben - als Frauen und Jüdinnen - die doppelte Leistung des Ausbruchs aus ihrer gesellschaftlichen Stellung vollbracht, der später Emanzipation genannt wurde, zugleich haben sie durch Taufe die Emanzipation überschritten und dadurch die - zumindest äußere - Assimilation vollzogen. Unter Historikern gab es über sie geteilte Meinungen: Den jüdischen waren sie zu wenig, den nicht-jüdischen zu sehr jüdisch gewesen. Wer sich aber mit der deutsch-jüdischen Geschichte der Aufklärung und der Romantik befaßt, kann an ihren kurzen Schöpfungen, den kulturprägenden Salons, kaum vorbei.
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Berndorff, Lothar. "Die Prediger der Grafschaft Mansfeld : eine Untersuchung zum geistlichen Sonderbewusstsein in der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/3389/.

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Am 22. Oktober 1565 beauftragte der Herzog Julius von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel seinen Prediger Martin Chemnitz, das literarische Oeuvre des Magisters Cyriacus Spangenberg auf dem Buchmarkt ausfindig zu machen, prunkvoll binden zu lassen und in den herzöglichen Bibliotheksbestand aufzunehmen. 64 Werke mit gut 6000 Seiten hatte der Mansfelder Generaldekan Spangenberg zu diesem Zeitpunkt bereits verfasst, seine Amtskollegen in der sächsischen Grafschaft hatten ihrerseits 64 Bücher veröffentlicht. Bis zum Abgang Spangenbergs aus Mansfeld 1574 verdoppelte sich die Anzahl geistlicher Veröffentlichungen Mansfelder Provenienz. Obwohl zu Lebzeiten breit rezipiert, hat die Publizistik der geistlichen "Druckmetropole" Mansfeld in der Geschichte und Kirchengeschichte wenig Beachtung gefunden. Die vorliegende Dissertation will diese Forschungslücke schließen. Die Mansfelder Prediger verfassten Lehrpredigten, Festpredigten, Trostpredigten, Katechismen, theologische Disputationen, historische Abhandlungen und geistliche Spiele in hoher Zahl und publizierten diese unter geschickter Ausnutzung der Mechanismen der frühneuzeitlichen Buchmarktes reichsweit. Ihre Veröffentlichungen richteten sich an Theologen, "Weltkinder" und "Einfältige". Sie generierten Verbindungen zu den Kirchen und Potentaten Nord- und Süddeutschlands, Frankreichs und der Niederlande und führten zu Kontroversen mit den großen Bildungszentren Mitteldeutschlands Wittenberg, Leipzig und Jena und deren Landesherren. Die Frage nach der Motivation für das Engagement der Mansfelder Prediger auf dem Buchmarkt steht im Zentrum der Untersuchung, die in einem synoptischen Verfahren den Wunsch nach Teilhaberschaft an der Ausbildung der kirchlichen, herrschaftlichen, sozialen und kommunikativen Strukturen als zentrales Motiv der schreibenden Theologen herausarbeitet, aber auch die Absicht der Autoren beweist, der Grafschaft Mansfeld über das Medium Buch als lutherischem Bildungszentrum in Europa Geltung zu verschaffen.
On October 22nd, 1565 Count Julius von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel ordered the preacher Martin Chemnitz to locate the literary works of Magister Cyracus Spangenberg on the market, to have them bound luxuriously and to integrate them into the Countship's library. At this point in time, Spangenberg, superior Decan of Mansfield, had produced 64 books spanning approx. 6000 pages. His colleagues in the County of Saxony had also published 64 books. By the time Spangenberg left Mansfield in 1574, the number of publications with clerical contents stemming from Mansfeld had doubled. Although this opus was widely read during Spangenberg's lifetime, the products of the clerical „print metropolis“ Mansfeld have been later all but ignored in the contexts of both general history and church history. My dissertation aims to close this gap. The preachers of Mansfeld produced large amounts of sermons used for instructional purposes, for celebrations and for condolence as well as catechisms, theological disputations, historical essays and spiritual plays. They published their products in the entire “Reich” (the “Holy German Empire”), using the mechanisms of the book market of their times to their advantage. Their clients were theologians, “Weltkinder” (“children of the world”) and “Einfältige” (“simple persons”), and they established links to the churches and the powers of both northern and southern Germany, of France and of the Netherlands. This led to conflicts with the important centers of education in Central Germany – Wittenberg, Leipzig and Jena – and the potentates of the respective regions. The focal point of this dissertation is the question why the preachers of Mansfeld were so keen on participating in the book market of their time. Using synoptic methods, this dissertation ascertains that the wish to partake in the formulation of the clerical, feudal, social and medial structures of their time was a key motif for the work of those writing theologians, along with to the desire of establishing the County of Mansfeld as a European center of Lutheran education using the book.
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Heidenhain, Brigitte. "Juden in Schwedt : ihr Leben in der Stadt von 1672 bis 1942 und ihr Friedhof." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4158/.

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270 Jahre lang gab es jüdisches Leben in der brandenburgischen Stadt Schwedt an der Oder. Der Leser dieses Bandes nimmt teil an der wechselvollen Geschichte der jüdischen Menschen und ihrer Gemeinde. Der erste Jude, der sich im 17. Jahrhundert in Schwedt niederließ, war Bendix Levi. Nachdem sein Haus in Oderberg abgebrannt war, erhielt er von Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm die Genehmigung zum Aufenthalt in Schwedt. Die preußischen Könige wünschten jedoch, daß in den kleinen brandenburgischen Städten nur wenige Juden leben sollten. Deshalb bestand während des 18. Jahrhunderts die jüdische Gemeinschaft in Schwedt nur aus Angehörigen von drei Familien, nämlich von Bendix Levi, Simon Salomon und Wulff Salomon. Ihr Leben war geprägt vom Kampf um Aufenthaltsrecht und Handelserlaubnis. Solidarität untereinander war dabei nicht immer selbstverständlich, da oft das Aufenthaltsrecht des einen, wirklich oder vermeintlich, dem Recht des anderen entgegenstand. Das umfangreiche Quellenmaterial aus Berliner, brandenburgischen und Jerusalemer Archiven führt uns die Auswirkungen der restriktiven preußischen Judenpolitik auf das Leben der Schwedter Juden lebendig vor Augen und gibt uns außerdem Einblicke in jüdische Traditionen und Gebräuche. So werden wir Zeugen einer jüdischen Eidesleistung im Schwedter Rathaus und nehmen teil an der feierlichen Unterzeichnung eines Heiratsvertrages. Das Emanzipationsedikt von 1812 machte Juden endlich zu preußischen Staatsbürgern und erleichterte das Leben durch Niederlassungs- und Gewerbefreiheit. Dies führte bald zu einer beträchtlichen Vergrößerung der Schwedter jüdischen Gemeinde, der sich auch die jüdischen Einwohner des nahe gelegenen Städtchens Vierraden anschlossen. Als erster ließ sich Israel David Loewenheim aus Tütz / Westpreußen in Schwedt nieder. Ihm folgten aus seiner Heimatstadt nicht weniger als sieben weitere Familien. Zuzüge gab es auch aus anderen Städten, sodass bis zum späten 19. Jahrhundert die Zahl der jüdischen Einwohner Schwedts bis auf ca. 200 Personen zunahm. Ab ca. 1880 führten dann jedoch zahlreiche Wegzüge – besonders nach Berlin – wieder zu einer Verkleinerung der Gemeinde. Seit 1840 war Schwedt Amtssitz eines Rabbiners. Nathan Hirsch Kuttner blieb bis zu seiner Pensionierung im Jahr 1895 in Schwedt. Dieses lange Zusammenleben lässt ein harmonisches Verhältnis zwischen ihm und der Gemeinde vermuten. Dies war aber in den ersten Jahren durchaus nicht der Fall. Kuttner musste einige Jahre um Anerkennung in der Gemeinde kämpfen und sogar die Zahlung seines Gehalts gerichtlich durchsetzen. Der Bau einer neuen Synagoge im Jahr 1862 gab der Gemeinde neues Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühl und brachte Ruhe in die Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Rabbiner. Unter dem Eindruck des zunehmenden Antisemitismus im ausgehenden 19. und im 20. Jahrhundert schloss sich die Gemeinde Vereinen und Organisationen an, die sich den antisemitischen Angriffen entgegenzustellen versuchten, so 1894 dem „Deutsch-Israelitischen Gemeindebund“ und 1901 dem „Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus“. Im Jahr 1922 gründete man die „Reuchlin Loge“ im Verband „Unabhängiger Orden Bne-Beriss“. Bald folgte das schnelle und vollständige Ende der jüdischen Gemeinde in Schwedt durch den nationalsozialistischen Massenmord. In der Datenbank der Gedenkstätte Yad Vashem in Jerusalem wird die Erinnerung an 60 namentlich bekannte ermordete Schwedter Juden aufbewahrt. Nachfahren von Überlebenden hat es in alle Erdteile verschlagen. Intensive genealogische Forschungen in Zusammenarbeit mit Peter Lowe aus Hertford (UK), einem Nachkommen der Familie Loewenheim, und Yehuda Meinhardt (Israel) machten es möglich eine Reihe von Familienstammbäumen zu rekonstruieren. Der Band wird mit der Beschreibung des jüdischen Friedhofs und der Erfassung der Grabinschriften abgeschlossen. Eine ausführliche Dokumentation mit Fotografien findet sich im Internet (www.uni-potsdam.de/juedische-friedhoefe).
For 270 years there was Jewish life in the Brandenburg town of Schwedt on the Oder. The reader of this volume participates in the changing history of the Jewish people and their community. The first Jew to settle in Schwedt in the 17th century was Bendix Levi. After his house in Oderberg burned down, Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm granted him permission to take up residence in Schwedt. The Prussian Kings wanted only few Jews to live in small Brandenburg towns, so during the 18th century the Jewish community in Schwedt consisted of only three families whose heads were Bendix Levi, Simon Salomon and Wulff Salomon. Their life was dominated by the fight for residency and trade permits. Solidarity amongst each other was not always self evident, since the residency permit of one was often in real or imagined conflict with a permit for others. The extensive sources in archives in Berlin, Brandenburg and Jerusalem show intensely the consequences of the restrictive Prussian “Judenpolitik” on the life of Jews in Schwedt and they also give us insight into Jewish traditions and customs. We bear witness to a Jewish oath in the townhouse of Schwedt and take part in the ceremonial signing of a marriage treaty. The “Emanzipationsedikt” of 1812 finally made Jews into Prussian citizens and simplified their life by giving them freedom of settlement and trade. This resulted in considerable growth of the Jewish community in Schwedt which was also joined by the Jewish residents of the nearby town of Vierraden. The first of these new settlers in Schwedt was David Loewenheim from Tütz / Westprussia. No less than seven families from his hometown followed. There was also immigration from other towns, increasing the number of Jewish residents in Schwedt to 200 by the late 19th century. After about 1880 the community shrank again because many moved away, particularly to Berlin. Since 1840 Schwedt was the seat of a Rabbi. Nathan Hirsch Kuttner stayed in Schwedt until his retirement in 1895. Although this long sojourn might indicate an agreeable relationship between him and his community, this was certainly not the case in his first years. Kuttner had to fight for recognition by his community and even had to obtain a court order to collect his salary. The building of a new Synagogue in 1862 gave a new sense of cooperation to the community and calmed the struggles with the Rabbi. Under the impression of increasing anti-Semitism from the late 19th into the 20th century, the community joined organizations which attempted to resist anti-Semitic attacks. For example, in 1894 it joined the “Deutsch- Israelitische Gemeindebund” and in 1901 the “Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus”. In 1922 the “Reuchlin Loge”, was formed within the “Independent Order of Bnai Brith”. Soon followed the fast and complete anihilation of the Jewish community in Schwedt by the national socialist mass murder. The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names at Yad Vashem / Jerusalem preserves the memory of 71 murdered Jews of Schwedt who are known by name. Descendants of survivors are scattered to all parts of the world. Intensive genealogical research in cooperation with Peter Lowe from Hertford (UK), descendant of the Loewenheim family, and Yehuda Meinhardt (Israel), made it possible to reconstruct a number of family trees. The volume ends with a description of the Jewish cemetery and a record of the grave inscriptions. An entire documentation with photographs can be found in the Internet (www.uni-potsdam.de/juedische-friedhoefe).
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Books on the topic "Revolutions – europe, central – history"

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1947-, Mason David S., ed. Revolution and transition in East-Central Europe. 2nd ed. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1996.

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Nobles and nation in Central Europe: Free imperial knights in the Age of Revolution, 1750-1850. Cambtidge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

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Ekiert, Grzegorz. The state against society: Political crises and their aftermath in East Central Europe. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1996.

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Nolte, Hans-Heinrich. Nationenbildung östlich des Bug. Hannover, Niedersachsen, Germany: Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung, 1994.

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Inc, NetLibrary, ed. Ethnic nationalism and the fall of empires: Central Europe, Russia and the Middle East, 1914-1923. London: Routledge, 2002.

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Bedessem, Edward N. Central Europe. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1996.

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Austin, Robert C. A History of Central Europe. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84543-8.

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Johnson, Lonnie. Central Europe: Enemies, neighbors, friends. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Thompson, Wayne C. Nordic, Central, & Southeastern Europe 2013. Lanham, MD: Stryker-Post Publications, 2013.

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Urbańczyk, Przemysław, ed. Origins of Central Europe. Warsaw: Scientific Society of Polish Archaeologists, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Revolutions – europe, central – history"

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Gruenwald, Oskar. "Toward an Open Society: Reflections on the 1989 Revolution in Eastern Europe." In Central European History and the European Union, 32–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230579538_4.

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Pritchard, Gareth. "East-Central Europe." In The Routledge History of the Second World War, 671–86. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429455353-54.

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Lévai, Csaba. "The Relevance of the American Revolution in Hungarian History from an East-Central-European Perspective." In Europe's American Revolution, 94–122. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230288454_5.

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Alcock, Antony. "The Industrial and French Revolutions 1750–1850ad." In A Short History of Europe, 168–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230597426_11.

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Alcock, Antony. "The Industrial and French Revolutions 1750–1850ad." In A Short History of Europe, 168–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-50093-8_11.

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Decker, Hannah S. "Psychoanalysis in Central Europe." In History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, 587–628. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34708-0_20.

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Foldvari, Peter. "Central and Eastern Europe." In An Economist’s Guide to Economic History, 277–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96568-0_32.

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Neumayer, Laure. "Euroscepticism in Central Europe." In Central European History and the European Union, 159–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230579538_11.

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Dutsch, Dorota, and François Zdanowicz. "From Fictitious Letters to Celestial Revolutions." In A Handbook to Classical Reception in Eastern and Central Europe, 166–78. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118832813.ch15.

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Berend, Ivan T. "Central Europe and the Baltics." In Economic History of a Divided Europe, 176–211. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in the European economy: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003020318-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Revolutions – europe, central – history"

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Sallai, János, and Johanna Farkas. "21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS IN THE LIGHT OF HISTORY." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.4.21.p24.

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It is impossible to separate the public police organization from the modern state. King Louis XIV was the founder of the first centrally organized and uniform police force in 1667. A book related to the work of the police was first published in 1705 under the title "Traité de la police". It outlines the three main activities of the police, which are economic regulation, measures of the public order, and general rules of hygiene. The first head of Police and his 44 police commissioners' work was assisted by police inspectors beginning in 1709. The police also appeared on German territory, and the works of Lorenz von Stein, Otto Mayer, and Robert von Mohl are still dominant in Europe nowadays. This study examines books, journals, and legal documents to present the development of the law enforcement and the modern challenges of policing in Hungary. Our country celebrated the establishment of the central police last year. In the 20th century there was a development in modern policing and literature, as well as the emergence of modern police officer training. After World War II, a Soviet law enforcement model was imitated in which there was state security, secrecy, and Soviet police character. Although research of historical and theoretical studies of policing was forbidden, after the Revolution of 1989, the research of law enforcement theory was completed. Globalisation has created new sources of danger (e.g. terrorism, cybercrime), driven by a lack of borders and the expansion of international relations (Farkas, 2016). We can only meet the new challenges with the deepening of international law enforcement cooperation. Keywords: law enforcement, globalisation, data-transmission revolution, security
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Koluch, Petr. "Josef Redlich and the Glorious Revolution of Liberalism." In Mezinárodní konference doktorských studentů oboru právní historie a římského práva. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0156-2022-10.

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Josef Redlich is a representative of the new generation of Austrian liberals that came of age around 1900. Through his legal-historical publications, diaries, and the surviving voluminous correspondence, he offers a glimpse into the highly changeable times of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in Europe and expresses his frustration with political developments. Redlich, who was a university professor of Constitutional and Administrative Law, was the first to see the lack of the Rule of Law as the reason for the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the first place, and he named two different conceptions of the state in Western Europe and Central Europe. He thus came into confrontation with the state doctrine of the Prussian university professor Rudolf von Gneist, which was taught in all German-speaking law schools. The difference between the authoritarian state in Central Europe and the British people’s state is still apparent today.
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Citiriga, Daniel. "THE FEDERALIST PROJECTS TYPOLOGY IN CENTRAL EUROPE AT THE END OF THE WWI." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b31/s10.079.

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Moradi, B., K. K. Ask, and L. Alessio. "Hybrid Workflows- A History of Tomorrow." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215492-ms.

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Abstract This study provides an overview of the evolution of technology in the reservoir modeling field, discussing past, present, and future advancements. It explores how technologies such as central and graphics processing units have enabled engineers to increase the number of simulation grids from 500,000 to 1 trillion cells over the last 20 years. The paper also examines data-driven workflows that have accelerated the reservoir modeling process to a few weeks, highlighting their limitations. To address these limitations, the study introduces hybrid physics-guided data-driven models as a modern digital tool for mapping potential remaining oil in brownfields. These hybrid workflows combine the strengths of both physics-guided and data-driven models, overcoming the weaknesses of each approach. Two case studies, located in the North Sea and the Middle East, are reviewed to demonstrate the effectiveness of these hybrid workflows. The comparison of the water saturation map generated by the hybrid workflow with the contact movement calculated from 4D seismic data in the North Sea field shows a strong correlation, indicating a reliable match between the two maps. In the Middle East case study, the performance of four infill wells calculated by the hybrid workflow is evaluated against the actual outcomes of post-drilling activities. The results show that, except for one of wells, the actual outcomes align with the predicted trends, falling within the P10-P90 band. The paper emphasizes the novelty and benefits of using hybrid workflows, as they enable the generation of potential remaining oil maps in a few days—a task that is challenging with conventional numerical simulation workflows. These hybrid workflows offer significant time and cost savings while maintaining high fidelity. The advanced technologies discussed in this study facilitate the implementation of practical digitalization strategies across all disciplines in the industry, ushering in a new era of data-driven innovation.
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Mielczarek, Mariusz. "Poles in the archaeology of Central asia. History and present day." In Antiquities of East Europe, South Asia and South Siberia in the context of connections and interactions within the Eurasian cultural space (new data and concepts). Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-907053-34-2-127.

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CONSTANTINESCU, Dan, and Beatrice CARLAN-SERBAN. "A HISTORY OF THE IRON AND STEEL IN CENTRAL EUROPE BETWEEN THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND MIDDLE AGE." In METAL 2022. TANGER Ltd., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2022.4444.

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Saprikina, Olga. "Women on the Habsburg Throne: Historiographical and Artistic Images of the Austrian Rulers." In Woman in the heart of Europe: non-obvious aspects of gender in the history and culture of Central Europe and adjacent regions. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0475-6.28.

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Kamenskaya, Ekaterina. "The Woman's Face of European Politics (Based on Russian Women's Magazines of the Early 20th Century)." In Woman in the heart of Europe: non-obvious aspects of gender in the history and culture of Central Europe and adjacent regions. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0475-6.10.

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Baidalova, Ekaterina. "The "New" Woman in the Novels of V.K. Vinnichenko in the 1910s: the Transformation of Gender Identity." In Woman in the heart of Europe: non-obvious aspects of gender in the history and culture of Central Europe and adjacent regions. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0475-6.03.

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Kulishkina, Olga. "“Venus in Furs” by L. von Sacher-Masoch: Towards the Iconography of the Domina." In Woman in the heart of Europe: non-obvious aspects of gender in the history and culture of Central Europe and adjacent regions. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0475-6.16.

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Reports on the topic "Revolutions – europe, central – history"

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Cvrcek, Tomas, and Miroslav Zajicek. School, what is it good for? Useful Human Capital and the History of Public Education in Central Europe. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19690.

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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis, et al. Oak processionary moth, Thaumetopoea processionea (L.). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228704.

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The oak processionary moth (Thaumetopoea processionea>) is native to Central and Southern Europe and has been spreading to Northern Europe, including Southern England since 2006. The larvae feed on various oak species (Quercus spp.), contributing to oak decline and causing significant health issues for humans and pets due to their urticating hairs. There is no history of classical biological control for this pest, but several promising natural enemies exist. The most promising natural enemies include the larval parasitoids Carcelia iliaca and Pales processioneae, which are specific to Thaumetopoea spp. and have been dominant in Germany and the Netherlands, with C. iliaca also found in invasive UK populations. The egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus masii is noted in Italy but seems less significant than other polyphagous species, such as Anastatus bifasciatus and Trichogramma spp. Pimpla processioneae and other Pimpla species are frequently found parasitizing pupae, with P. processioneae being the most specific. Other natural enemies such as A. bifasciatus, the larval parasitoid Meteorus versicolor, and various tachinid parasitoids are abundant but too polyphagous for classical biological control programs.
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Boruchowicz, Cynthia, Florencia López Bóo, Benjamin Roseth, and Luis Tejerina. Default Options: A Powerful Behavioral Tool to Increase COVID-19 Contact Tracing App Acceptance in Latin America? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002983.

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Being able to follow the chain of contagion of COVID-19 is important to help save lives and control the epidemic without sustained costly lockdowns. This is especially relevant in Latin America, where economic contractions have already been the largest in the regions history. Given the high rates of transmission of COVID-19, relying only in manual contact tracing might be infeasible. Acceptability and uptake of contact tracing apps with exposure notifications is key for the implementation the “test, trace and treat” triad. In the first study of its kind in Latin America, we find that for a nationally representative sample of 10 countries, an opt-out regime with automatic installation significantly increases the probability of acceptance of such apps in almost 22 p.p. compared to an opt-in regime with voluntary installation. This triples the size and is of opposite sign of the effect found in Europe and the United States. We see that an opt-out regime is more effective in increasing acceptability in South America compared to Central America and Mexico; for those who claim not to trust the national government; and for those who do not use their smartphones for financial transactions. The severity of the pandemic at the place of residence does not seem to affect the effectiveness of the opt-out regime versus an opt-in one, but feeling personally at risk does increase the willingness to accept contact tracing apps with exposure notifications in general. These results can shed light on the use of default options in public health in the context of a pandemic in Latin America.
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