Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Révolution française (1789-1815)'
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España, Christiane. "Les français face à l'Inquisition espagnole à l'époque de la Révolution française." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20057.
Full textThe contents of the thesis are divided into three parts : firstly : inquisitorial procedure, informers, and defendants secondly : the inquisition in its age-old struggle against heresy thirdly : the inquisition becomes an auxiliary of the state
Benzaken, Jean-Charles. "Iconologie des monnaies et médailles de la Révolution française." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010654.
Full textThe present study concerns the numismatic record of the French revolution. This record is shown to yield especially valuable insights into the iconography of the period. Other iconographic areas such as engraving, painting and ceramics are also examined. The first part of the study considers the extent to which numismatic evidence is an accurate reflection of revolutionary events. This part is not limited to events within France but also encompasses developments in foreign territories ocupied by the French revolutionary army or at war with France. The second part of the study inquires into the meaning and use of sumbols and allegories found on medals and money (both paper and coin). The third and final section of the study focuses on the activity of the mint. The central concern here is the web of relationships found among politicians, engravers (particularly the chief engraver, Augustin Dupré), and public opinion, mainly on the political ground
Faivre, d'Arcier Amaury. "Les Echelles du Levant sous la Révolution française." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010507.
Full textAfter describing the particular way of life french people in the turkish ports of call - known as "echelles" - just before the french revolution, we then show the main changes, particularly in human rela- tions, after 1789. Curiously, most of the old consular institutions and the rules or laws governing commerce, navigation, and the life of frenchmen in the levant, are maintained during the revolutionary period. However, the financial difficulties and the maritime war which broke out in 1793 provoked the flight of many ofthe french merchants and consuls from the "echelles". The war also brought about the ruin of french levant trade, to the advantage of england, austria and venice
Maréchaux, Xavier. "Les prêtres mariés sous la Révolution française." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010641.
Full textThe marriage of priests during the French revolution is in part the result of a long debate dating from the beginning of the eighteenth century on the pros and cons of marriage of the clergy. This debate was translated into legislative action, notably during the year 2, by decrees that protected married priests but did not, as is commonly thought, impose marriage on the clergy. This latter phenomenon was essentially the responsibility of local authorities led by the representatives on mission from the convention. The marriage of priests is an important phenomenon that affected close to 6000 individuals, nearly a quarter of the constitutional clergy. However, the impact of these marriages seems limited if one notes that 43 percent of these priests were not active before the revolution and that nearly 70 percent were married during the year 2, a period during which the convention's representatives on mission were imposing marriage on priests as part of the republic's campaign of dechristianization. Despite the contingencies of dechristianization, the marriage of priests reveals a change in mentality at the end of the eighteenth century, especially when one considers that priests who were married were not later rejected by French society. In effect, the great majority of them succeeded in reentering the clergy and some of them occupied important places under the empire and at times even under the restoration
Deleplace, Marc. "La notion d'anarchie pendant la Révolution française (1789-1801) : formation d'un concept." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010508.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the development of the concept of anarchy in the political discourse from 1789 to 1801. The elaboration of this concept was achieved through the three different uses of the words "anarchy" and "anarchist(s)". The notion of anarchy appeared in the great institutional debates that ponctuated the french revolution from 1789 to 1795. It was used in turn by the "monarchiens" who defended the royal prerogative against the supporters of a sovereign nation and by the "thermidoriens" who supported the idea of a representative government against those who were in favour of direct democracy ; it was used to declare that republic was unachievable and to defend monarchy, then to condemn it, before being recognized by the "thermidoriens" belonging to the revolutionary government. The word "anarchist(s), a newly coined word then, successively branded the opponents of both the "girondins" and the "thermidoriens". Finally a social discourse about anarchy was achieved from which emerged the main first outlines of the anarchist
Rance, Karine. "Mémoires de nobles émigrés dans les pays germaniques pendant la Révolution Française." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010643.
Full textGodineau, Dominique. "Les femmes des milieux populaires parisiens pendant la Révolution française : 1793 - messidor an III." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010668.
Full textFirst, I study the quotidian life of women of the popular classes in Paris, in their family and in their work. After, I’m interesting by the place and the role of women in the French revolution
Cseppentö, Istvan. "Les romans de l'émigration (1789-1815)." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040049.
Full textThe thesis intends to analyse french emigration novels of the revolutionary and imperial era following two majors units. The first one presents the literary topic of emigration in the novels which remains linked to the political reality of the late eighteenth-century France. .
Gueniffey, Patrice. "La Révolution française et les élections : suffrage, participation et élections pendant la période constitutionnelle : 1790-1792." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0029.
Full textThe elections form a chapter particularly unknown of the french revolutionary period, but very important for its political history. It is studied here in three complementary aspects: right of suffrage, participation in primary assemblies and election of deputies in secondary assemblies of departments
Murphy, Gwénael. "Femmes de Dieu et Révolution Française dans le diocèse de Poitiers." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0061.
Full textThis study offers to reconstruct trajectories of Poitiers diocese nuns who, at the number of 1100, were alive during the French Revolution. The subject, to combine methods of micro-history, prosopography, daily story and statistics studies, with precise and signify whole, what were nuns choices during the French Revolution. Wanted not contradict but supplement what we still know, this work try to show, by crossing all possible archives, that choices of nuns were not unanimous and the majority tilt to accept the secularisation. Assertion which isn’t postulate at the beginning, but results from searchs. Otherwise, we want to show how French Revolution was alive by « ordinary » women and alterations it would provoke in their daily life
Saillard, Denis. "La mémoire de la Révolution française en Franche-Comté, 1815-1914." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010546.
Full textI study the repercussions of the french revolution on the political life of an eastern province and its part in the historical memory. I mainly analyse the national holidays, the politicals symbols, the memorials, books and newspapers, the unfolding of new revolutions too, because they often refer to 1789, 1793,. . . Very important transformations happen during the nineteenth century. While the historical science make great progress and several systems follow one another at a quick rate, the rival memories of the french revolution continuously change. Besides i note that they use more and more the same forms. I prove that the republican memory, which revives in the 1840s, won very before the end of the century, although it is always harshly disputed on its right as on its left
Hermon-Belot, Rita. "La politique et la vérité : l'abbé Grégoire et la Révolution française." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0071.
Full textLeguillois, Robert. "Paris-province : sociologie de la population parisienne pendant la Révolution française d'après les cartes de sureté." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010517.
Full textParis has always been inhabited by people from the provinces. The central event of modern history, the french revolution, has been instigated by those provincial frenchmen, together with the true born Parisians and some foreigners. It is meaningful to try to get a better knowledge of these men through the cartes de surete of the sections still kept in the archives nationales. The computer recording of 14. 260 cartes de surete from the sections droits de l'homme, temple, pantheon and bondy led to the drawing and analysis of 370 charts, 188 maps and 44 graphics. The data processing of these materials provided elements for an analysis of the profession, place of birth, adress, age, date of arrival in Paris and the reason for their migration of a significant sample of the population who, at different levels, took part in the french revolution in Paris betwen 1792 and 1794. It made posible to dispute the traditional wisdom of an almost entirely Parisian movement. More than 70% of the Parisians in those years came from the provinces north of the loire. In the main the french revolution has been brought about by people from the northen half of the country
Casanova, Antoine. "Forces productives, peuple corse et Révolution française : 1770-1815." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010565.
Full textLe, Cour Grandmaison Olivier. "Les citoyennetés en révolution : 1789-1794." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010253.
Full textCitizenships in revolution. The aim of these research is to study how the first and second "constituants" thought citizenship during the French revolution. After having declared all men free and equal in rights, the revolutionaries of 1789 erected a restricted suffrage excluding many people from political rights. What are the origins of these restrictions? Who are the excluded people and why are they left out? What are the privileges of the political action? These are the questions we studied up to the rise of the "republique" and the abolition of the restricted suffrage. Two ways of thinking confront each others: Condorcet tends to establish citizenship on human rights and the jacobins want to establish citizenship on the idea of vertue and will slowly destroy it during the "terror". Finally the revolution is confronted to minorities: negro people, jews, women. The problem concern the contact to other peoples of which the ethnic, cultural, religious ans sexual differences are thought as many obstacles to their integration to the political community. The aim of this study has been to reconstituate these debates, study their stakes and the citizen's birth. It also helps to understand the revolutionnary process and its limits to establish real democratic life
Boroumand, Ladan. "L'Homme sans souveraineté : droits de l'homme et droit de la nation dans les assemblées de la Révolution française, mai 1789 - juillet 1794." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0035.
Full textTo analyse the relationship between the natural rights of man and the nation's sovereignty during the revolutionary period, is what this work aism at. The point is tho follow the debates of the revolutionary legislations caught in the entanglement of the tension caused by the simultaneous consecratiion of the natural right of the individual and the sovereignty of the nation. We must examine how day after day, as the revolutionary event take shape, the regation of individual preedom is conceived an justified in their minds then realised in the legislation, in the name of the general will also called nation's sovereignty. In other terms, how men realise this paradox, if is one, how they represent to themselves the mining and reasons of their attitudes. How in their every day political life, do they justify and manage, ideologically, this paradox ? we do not pretend to provide a global interpretation of the historical experience of the french revolution or to reveal its general truth but to grasp a partial limited fragment of it which is its theoretical and doctrinal dimension
Bosséno, Christian-Marc. ""Les Signes extérieurs" : diffusion, réception et image de la culture révolutionnaire française dans l'Italie du Triennio : (1796-1799)." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010663.
Full textBiron, Marie-Paule. "Les Messes clandestines pendant la Révolution en France." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040472.
Full textUnderground masses have existed for about ten years, from 1792 to 1802 with two climaxes, the first one during the reign of terror and the second one during the persecution which followed the coup d'État of "Fructidor an V". No legislation ruled these masses but they were closely observed because they enabled to unmask priests who were the only ones to be aimed at. Moreover these masses pointed out the different way how priests and the faithful managed to reconcile what was hard to match up to that time, that is to say "mass" and "clandestinity". They appeared as one of the most significant aspects of the catholic resistance. They were typical of a movement of Eucharistic devotion and adhesion to the sacred heart doctrine, a movement which was not new but which the circumstances confirmed in the souls. These mass(es) had a great impact on the mind of those who took part in them, brought a come-back to religions practice and favored conversions. They contributed to engagements of entering into religion life and to the creation of institutes and congregations. They have been at the origin of a renewal of fervor as certained by many testimonies. The impression they made was so strong that some people remained attached
Gamblin, Claude. "Les réfugiés de la Révolution française en Grande-Bretagne vus à travers l'iconographie contemporaine : 1789-1819." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030108.
Full textBeyond the schematic representation of the emigre fleeing the french revolution, desperately seeking for a refuge in the british isles, and keeping steadily in mind as an everyday concern the search for a decent living and the gleaning of some intellectual materials capable of nourishing his vaguely melancholic spirit, there is a lot more to know about his life, considering how he is described through the literature of his time, his own letters gathered among a great deal of libraries, and most important of all, the caricatures made of him -- caricaturing being at that time a profitable handicraft in full expansion -- the characteristics of caricatures requiring a preliminary diagnosis of the different manners of representing the subject, not only from an epistemelogical point of view, but also from a morphological one, when refering to the perception the caricatursits has of reality, sensation and imagination
Ritz, Olivier. "Les métaphores naturelles dans le débat sur la Révolution de 1789 à 1815." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040134.
Full textBy studying a series of texts that debate the French Revolution between 1789 and 1815, this thesis aims to show how natural metaphors played a part in creating new relationships between politics, science and literature.The first part focuses on the rhetorical uses of natural metaphors in the debate. It studies how they were used not only to arouse emotions and to convince the reader, but also to produce knowledge and drive people to action. The second part deals with the relationships between the natural sciences and politics: first examining the attempt to create a new political science based on the model of the natural sciences, then analysing the relationship between the French Revolution and the scientific revolution, before finally considering the textual strategies used to create and promote the new figure of the scientist. The third part studies the debate about literature that developed at the centre of the debate on the French Revolution. In this context, natural metaphors are interesting not only because of their rhetorical power or because they create tensions between literature, science and politics, but also because they are used as indications of literariness: by using natural metaphors, writers legitimized their works, defined their social function and took their place in a literary tradition. Two chapters focus specifically on the first written histories of the French Revolution.The idea of literature as an essentially aesthetic use of written language is the paradoxical result of this period of deep and intensive interaction between literature, politics and sciences
Revault, d'Allonnes Myriam. "Recherche sur la philosophie politique de la Révolution française : l'idée, l'évènement." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010530.
Full textThis research tends to restitute the revolutionnary phenomenon its philosophical and political dimension. We have taken advice from the political philosophy tradition (Aristote, Machiavel, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Kant) and from the republican historians of the nineteenth century (especially Michelet and Quinet). We have then considered the idea of a revolution which has taken the risk of finitude and wich-at the same time-has tried to deny it with an eternity desire. The main idea of this research is the theologico-political matrix which begins with the symbolic regicide (king's death taken as the murder of the temporal incarnation of God and as dismemberment of the substantial community) and ends with the death of revolutionnaries themselves. Revolution may thus be interpreted as this unrepresentable "foundation-destruction" which inaugurates tragically modern politics. From one death to another (from regicide to thermidor), revolution symbolizes-in a growing paroxysm-the point of exhaustion of a fundamental disorder
Pelletier, Gérard. "La théologie et la politique du Saint-Siège devant la Révolution française, 1789-1799." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040289.
Full textDorigny, Marcel. "Les Girondins et le libéralisme dans la Révolution française." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010524.
Full textThis research takes as its starting-point the girondin group, generally considered to be clearly defined, and then attempts to discover whether their political unity, which is not easy to demonstrate, did not in fact hide a profound doctrinal unity, which was the true basis for what historians using a term already widely accepted at the time, have called the gironde. It can be divided into four main themes : 1) The economic and social thought of the girondins, covering property rights, social inequality and its role in the working of the economy, domestic and foreign trade, money and banking, taxes etc. 2) The role of the state in what was basically a liberal view of society and economies : the formation of "a public spirit", the organisation of the economy to create the conditions for a unified and protected market ; the encouragement of individual initiative, but also direct intervention if the market "fails"
Renard, Nils. ""La terre est affranchie" : Henri Grégoire et les paysages catholiques de la Révolution française (1789-1815)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H077.
Full textThis PhD dissertation questions the connection between religion, environment and anthropology, from the end of the Old Régime to the First French Empire, focusing on Henri Grégoire (1750-1831), who was a prominent figure of the French Revolution, famous for his abolitionist claim. I study religious and intellectual groups circulating around him, in particular the members of the clergy specializing in agriculture, the republican and revolutionary clergy of the Gallican Church, the members of the Christian Philosophical Society, the agronomists and foresters of the agriculture societies, especially the Agriculture Society of the Seine district, but also the main thinkers of Europe during the Empire of Napoléon. I delineate the evolution of a debate on nature, politics and religion. By defining Catholic landscapes of rural France, seen as idealized legacies of the ploughing, and understood as the context of the religious and political governance of the country, I shed new light on Grégoire’s action. It takes place in the context of the environmental anxiety about French forests: the choice of the Liberty tree as a symbol of the Revolution is a major political and scientific threshold for the bishop of Blois. Grégoire inherits complex intellectual traditions from his Lorraine origins, which are the result of religious debates of the time. They define his perception of the role of the clergy in the governance of societies, based on agriculture as a central element. Political and scientific debates on the way to rule societies and environment, taking place at the beginning of the Consulat and the Empire, question this social model dating back to the Catholic CounterReformation. Regeneration by the rural work is first theorized during the Jewish émancipation debate in France; it becomes the political and spiritual frontier for France and for former enslaved people of the colonies as well. It fits in the great expectations endowed in agriculture for the abolition of slavery. It also answers attempts at pacification in seditious rural areas, especially the Vendée region. That latter context has a great influence on Grégoire and his clergy, who develop a new Catholic literature during the Directoire period, as I show it. Therefore, the way Grégoire positions himself politically under Napoléon’s reign is to be qualified. His civilisational and spiritual approach to agriculture, considered as a means for emancipation, sheds new light on the Catholic landscapes of the French Revolution
Hustache, Marie-Louise. "Le moi et l'histoire dans la correspondance de Rosalie Jullien, 1794 - 1799." Lyon 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO20060.
Full textRosalie Jullien (ca. 1745-1824) wrote around 750 letters between 1775 and 1810 which are an interesting testimonial of the jacobin mind. The period of july 1794 to june 1799 chosen for edition and commentary is characteristic of a reflexion on history. Wife of Jullien de la Drôme, a montagnard member of the national convention, she usually writes to her children, mainly to the first-born, christened Marc-Antoine like his father, he named himself "Jullien de Paris", gained some fame at nineteen as an agent of the Commity of Public Safety and was imprisoned after the thermidor coup. She is strongly influenced by Rousseau. A desire for unity marks her attitude towards her family as well as her political thinking. Relating the events she knows in the journal des hommes libres or by her jacobin circle, she looks upon history as a struggle between good an evil and judges severely the post-thermidorian France. She cannot find an answer to her frequent interrogations on mistakes during the Terror, unanimity beeing hardly compatible with tolerance. She is tempted by the babouvist movement which aims at the restoration of revolutionary principles, but scared by its attitude towards property. Bonaparte's personality strongly appeals to her, but she quickly fears the dangers of his ambition
Münch, Philippe. "Le pouvoir de l'ombre : l'imaginaire du complot durant la Révolution française (1789-1801)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19988.
Full textUsandivaras, Muriel. "Le théâtre de la Révolution française : étude analytique, historique et socio-critique, 1789-1799." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010672.
Full textThe author attempts to look at the question of the break or the continuity in the theatre of the French revolution (1789-1799), namely the works of the play wrights who were 20 years old in 1789, the generation which witnessed the transition from the enlightenment to romanticism. Their works belong to a period of transition in the theatre which claimed and transformed existing forms of drama which had not been autonomous (vaudeville, melodrama), developed new intermediate genres (drama), created "genres de circonstance" (based on historical and nationalistic events, a republican repertoire), which can be considered the precursors to certain theatrical movements which followed. Identifying a continuity in the theatre between the 18th and 19th centuries does not however hide the profound break with the existing theatrical tradition which the French revolution facilitated, a shift from the spoken word to the visual, a decreasing interest in the text as opposed to the performance, a break which makes theatre "l'art du spectacle" which we know today
Marcadé, Cédric. "La presse francophile anglophone au miroir de la France en révolution : les exemples des journaux d'opposition anglais, irlandais et américains et leurs représentations de la République française de l'été 1791 à l'été 1798." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL022.
Full textThe study is on the American Francophile press and its representations about the republican France from 1791's summer to 1798's summer. Newspapers are those of the English, Irish and American opposition. This thesis tries to show the collective imagination of Francophile populations in that press towards the French Republic. It tries too to prove the existence of common representations. The fact that during the 1790's decade newspapers had in the Anglophone world a community of mind permits to catch sight a Francophile network in the sphere of the opposition press
Liu, Chun-Lan. "Les graveurs des Tableaux historiques de la Révolution française." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040040.
Full textAndro, Gaïd. "Une génération au service de l'Etat : histoire institutionnelle et étude prosopographique des procureurs généraux syndics de la Révolution française (1780-1830)." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUEL015.
Full textGuglielmi, Gilles J. "La notion d'administration publique dans la théorie juridique française : De la Révolution à l'arrêt Cadot (1789-1889)." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010271.
Full textSottejeau, Céline. "L' Evolution du traitement et des représentations de l'amitié au moment de la montée de la crise révolutionnaire : de 1770 à la Révolution française." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE1074.
Full text"Les Deux amis de Bourbonne" by Denis Diderot is released in 1770. This tale, published as a response to three works on "two friends" published the same year, intends to avenge a supposedly scorned friendship. This controversy is puzzling : how come this taste for friendship and this affliction to see it ill-treated ? Friendly feelings deeply interested scholars at the end of the 17th and during the 18th century. This is evidenced by a large number of treatises. The admiration for the authors and ideas of Antiquity is probably not foreign to it. Our study is clearly situated between tradition and rupture. Enlightenment philosophers take over the philia concept so dear to Aristotle. They turn it into the herald of their ideal of secular morals. Yet friendship is also a literary theme. Diderot's worries concerning its treatment in literature seem grounded. The room for friendship in novels, theatre and poetry gets smaller, friends get a different image. Because of some Revolution figures, friendship will regain its patent of nobility for a while. In a society which constantly speculates on individual value and how to organize relations between men, friendship appears as a social virtue able to create a bond between citizens. Friendship and fraternity will stand together for a long time. So close as they are, the two words do not quite convey the same meaning though. The republican motto of 1848 will only retain fraternity. Can we make out the reasons for this choice in the years when Revolution is at stake ? This study does not analyze friendship in practice, it remains in the field of idealization. It aims at showing friendship as 18th century men saw it in their dreams, not as they experencied in their lives. Through this theme loom beneath the surface the changes in mentalities, in a century full of questionings and events
Schnitker, Julia. "La Révolution française et le Premier Empire dans les livres illustrés en France de 1815 à 1870." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040125.
Full textCarpenter, Kirsty. "Les émigrés à Londres, 1792-1797." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010651.
Full textCorno, Philippe. "Le théâtre et la loi du divorce pendant la Révolution française : moralisation et politisation d'un mariage désacralisé." Rennes 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN20060.
Full textOn September 20, 1792, the Legislative Assembly legalized divorce in France. This groundbreaking law, which would be forcibly challenged by the Civil Code of 1804, redefined the status of marriage according to an unprecedented liberalism. Just as marriage traditionally anchored the individual in a nexus of familial and social ties, the potential to dissolve marital vows effected a profound transformation of the individual’s relation to society, particularly as regards moral and judicial authority. Theatre provided an ideal medium to exploit the multiple tensions brought to crisis by this legislation; indeed plays written as early as 1789 already foresaw the potential to stage dramas of divorce for political and educational purposes. In a mirror-like effect, these plays worked through the perplexing questions raised by revolutionary legislation and thereby complemented the dialogue running through other media (essays, petitions, legal briefs, novels and poetry) in spectacular ways. This corpus questions the legitimacy of legislating divorce by confronting the discourse of natural rights against religious rhetoric. It also notes the troubling social implications of divorce and ultimately defends the value of matrimony in moral terms, by reinforcing the traditional hierarchy of compliance in which wives submit to husbands, children obey their parents, and romantic passion is sublimated into conjugal stability and parental union to ensure the well-being of the polis. Written in a medium designed explicitly for public edification and display, these fictions of stability and union reveal the anxieties provoked by the conflict between traditions of family life and new hopes for legal reform during the revolutionary age. By appealing to spectators’ new sense of political identity, these morality tales thus used the metaphor of matrimonial fidelity to reinforce the citizen’s allegiance to the Nation
Roux, Stéphane. "Le concept de "convention nationale" sous la Révolution. Contribution à l'étude de la représentation constituante." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020076.
Full textIn a constitutional system founded on the sovereignty of the nation, constituent power is an ambivalent phenomenon, difficult to analyse in juridical terms. By definition resistant to mandatory regulation, the supreme power in the state must necessarily take a form which enables it to express a normative will. The actors of the French Revolution push the confines of the law, taking advantage of the resources of political philosophy and history to establish a constitution, fundamental principle of the juridical system they seek to institute. They create tools to achieve their ends: the concept of “national convention” being one, taking inspiration from the success of American achievements. Rather than an institutionnal transposition, the French revolutionaries proceed with an adaptation. By becoming “extraordinary”, the constituent representation which they conceptualize losses its revolutionary character to become fully juridical. It offers an alternative to the insurrection. By coming into existence invested with the capacity to exercise sovereignty, this power is released from all legal constraints other than those arising as a result of its organization. The process, however, is two-sided, and internally produced constraints weigh on its members, exacerbating tensions thar tear a collective body endowed with the broadest powers. The bloody excesses that strike the National Convention are not inevitable. They arise from political exploitation of flaws inherent to the organization of a sovereign representation whose members must not have any privilege
Covo, Manuel. "Commerce, empire et révolutions dans le monde atlantique : la colonie de Saint-Domingue, entre métropole et Etats-Unis (ca. 1778-ca. 1804)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0095.
Full textThis dissertation addresses the question of the links between the commercial revolution and the political revolution at the end of the eighteenth century. In particular, it analyses the connected issue of the colonial exclusif and of liberty of trade; as a problem of political economy, as a sum of legal norms and as commercial practices. This enables to shed light on the variety of political associations that emerged in the Age of Revolutions. The case study is the political and economic relationships between the wealthiest colony in the world, Saint-Domingue, the metropole and the United States, From the 1778 French-American alliance to the birth of Haiti i 1804. This dissertation aims at questioning the so-called rise of the nation-state. It disputes the idea that the French Revolution exclusively created a unitary and centralized nation-state, founded on national sovereignty and defined as the political expression of the community of citizens. It also places the United States in its postcolonial history and reminds that independence was not the only possible end to the revolution in Saint-Domingue. This illuminates the multiplicity of imperial experimentations that took place in the Atlantic World at different scales, both within and beyond national borders and in the framework of a globalized economy. Thus, it becomes possible to follow the sinuous paths and crossings of intertwined revolutions
Boudon, Julien. "Les Jacobins : une traduction idéologique et institutionnelle des principes de Jean-Jacques Rousseau : 1789-1794." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020012.
Full textZylberberg, Michel. "Les milieux d'affaires français et l'Espagne (vers 1780-1808)." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010598.
Full textSince the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth century, french business circles, with a trading network present in all spain, exercise over the economy of this country a real domination. Charles III and Charles IV "enlightened" ministers attempts to put an end to it will hardly succeed as the importance of francois cabarrus and julien ouvrard activities demonstrate
Haegele, Vincent. "La famille Bonaparte et la gestion de l’héritage révolutionnaire : enjeux politiques et économiques au sein de l’espace européen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL029.
Full textFrom its beginning, the French Revolution was the part of an international framework: throughout the 1780s, reforms and crisis in the foreign countries had a large echo in the internal political debate. The conclusion of the Franco-British commercial treaty in 1786 has been seen as a major political error by a growing part of the French public opinion. People were alarmed by the capability of the country’s economy to face the weight of British rival. The Revolution soon questions the fundamental bases of French society but also its relations with foreign powers, whose diplomatic language is no longer understandable. In 1792, the entry into the war was inevitable. Glorious in the military field, France was not however spared by the political crises engendered by the successive constitutional experiments. In 1800, the general Napoleon Bonaparte seized power and consolidated the revolutionary legacy, within the borders, but also abroad. Although he claimed to close the cycle started in 1789, Napoleon gave it a new dimension whose purpose was to build an Empire beyond natural borders. This implied a new diplomatic organisation and endowing allied or satellite states with institutions inspired by the model he personally embodied by using the codes and symbols of the monarchy for his own benefits. Yet this model was not without weakness. This work aims to present the role of the Bonaparte family in the appropriation of revolutionary ideas and in their transmission across Europe
Coudart, Laurence. "La "Gazette de Paris" (1789-1792), un aspect de la contre-révolution pendant la monarchie constitutionnelle." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010644.
Full textDaily paper edited by a former dramatist (Pierre Barnabé Farmain de Rozoi), the Gazette de Paris (1st of october 1789 10th of august 1792) is a royalist newspaper which had between 5,000 and 7,000 subscribers, with a higher number of readers. The manuscripted correspondence received by the journalist (around 2,800 letters) as well as his papers (kept in the archives nationales) allow us to elaborate a commercial study, as well as an analysis of the diffusion, and a diachronic as well a synchronic study on the relationships between the newspaper and its readers, and between opinion and action. The gazette de paris, warefare machinery against the revolution is noticeable by its uncompromising and invariable positions. The newspaper is continuously denounced by the patriotic press because of its repetitive calls for action among the provincial nobility (its main customers). This action is more concerned by the nobility's interests than the king's ones. It proposes very soon to have recourse to violence and foreigner military forces, maintains antagonismes, and establishes the reject in a discourse based on the systematic and omnipresent exploitation of fear. This fighting newspaper establishes also the basis for an "ultra" ideology
Capel, Serge. "Histoire juridique et sociale d'une institution : le Tribunal de commerce de Toulouse, de la Révolution française à la fin du XIXème siècle." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10032.
Full textThis thesis present history of a local judicial institution, created by king of France Henri II in 1549, to judge, in first jurisdiction, all commercials litigious borned between tradesmen. Generalized in Charles's IX reign, in 1563, consular jurisdictions have survived at the French revolution and by 16 and 24 august 1790 law, have dressed a more modem form, this commercials courts. Besides, this is from 1790 up to that 1899, we proposing this study. After a court of commercial justice's Toulouse description, object of this thesis is make a portrait of three generations of professionals merchants, exalted for theirs peers, at magistrates rank. Theirs professional speciality, situation in Toulouse society, participation in intellectual life and politic local, were principals themes approached so as justice auxiliary (clerk, ushers, barrister etc. . . ), working or frequenting with regularity this court. Institution's relations with other establishments, influences in consequences of economical activity of city, sometimes practicals, but too, occasionally, as for some professionals groups, infected of turpitude. By study of its relatives competences, its activity and the statistics analysis of its affairs in litigation, in particular those of the failures, the interest of that thesis is give too, a new look on commercial and industrial life of Toulouse during XIX century, so esteemed inactive for a long time
Mabo, Solenn. "Les citoyennes, les contre-révolutionnaires et les autres : participations, engagements et rapports de genre dans la Révolution française en Bretagne." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2019_theseMaboS.pdf.
Full textFocused on gender relations in the political field, this thesis revisits the traditional image of fanatical and counter-revolutionary Breton women by analysing the ways of their participation in the Revolution, whether they supported it, fought against it or got otherwise involved. From major actions to everyday interventions, their commitment is compared with that of men to observe how gendered political practices and identities are manifested and recomposed. After an introduction presenting the place of women in Breton society in the eighteenth century, the study proceeds along three major axes. The first presents how they participated in the pre-revolutionary sequence and then invested the new spaces of citizenship. The second explores the margins of political participation by observing how ordinary women were more or less voluntarily involved in revolutionary dynamics. The third and last part focuses on the resistance to the Revolution, from religious struggles to Chouannerie, and shows how some counter-revolutionary feminine destinies were forged. The present work is based on the exploitation of very scattered archives and engages in a reflection on the mechanisms of the highlighting or the occultation of women in the events and the documentation. By revealing a whole range of previously ignored or inconspicuous feminine interventions, this thesis offers another history of the Revolution in Brittany, which can foster a better understanding of the whole revolutionary process and enrich the history of gender relations in crisis or conflict situations
Yuval, Amnon. "Une politique de l'émotion : Henry Redhead Yorke et le désenchantement de la Révolution française en Grande-Bretagne, 1789-1827." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0100.
Full textThe French Revolution, besides the political changes so commonly associated with it, was intertwined with a deep linguistic conceptual behavioral and emotional turn whose effect still reverberates to our times. The research focuses on British radicals and reformers of the 1790's and the 1800's, first and foremost Henry Redhead Yorke and Helen Maria Williams, for whom the Revolution had become an identity-defining event. Ln order to deal with the sense of disenchantment (as weIl as with the initial euphoria) created by the French Revolution, those radicals appropriated an entire repertoire of cultural and linguistic models commonly used during the 18th century in fields not associated with politics. This was a so ca11ed apolitical reservoir of old familiar discourses and traditions, whose ruIes and added values were we)] known to Williams, Yorke and other militants: the discourse of sensibility; the travel literature's genre; the Christian tradition of conversion and confession; and the religious discourse of enthusiasm and its critique. The recruiting of these discourses in order to deal with the many crises originated by the Revolution gave rise to a partial 1 collapse of borders between the political-public sphere on the one band and the literary, religious and personal spheres on the other, and as a result changed the ways in which it was possible to think about the Revolution in particular and the political sphere in general
Lévêque, Pierre. "Les officiers de marine du Premier Empire : étude sociale." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010630.
Full textThe study of the navy officers of the first empire, a group which reveals important upheavals, is possible thanks to the files of the marine historical service and the navy department of the national archives. Focusing on the lieutenants commanders of 1811 we can distinguisgh four categories: the former officiers of commerce composed 44% of the total, the former bargee officers 22%, the former officers of the royal navy 2%, the remaining was composed of youths who started their careers as midshipmen. These officers came from a commercial background (37%), were sons of servicemen (13%), nobles formed 8% of the category. These careers, up until achieving the rank of lieutenant commander, followed differents patterns, according to thier professionnal background, thereafter their progression became more uniform. The pursuit of promotion was begun by request. The relations with the sailors were though, sometimes even brutal. These officers served at toulon (1/3 of the total). Brest and Rochefort received 14% and 10% respectively, the squadron of escaut 15%. In 1811, 266 officers out of 1159 were prisoners, most of them in great britain. Their relationships with the native population hung between friendliness and hostility. The most serious cases of discipline were due to the irritable character of the admiral allemand. The authorities had problems enjoining servicemen to wear their uniforms regularly. The weddings, often late, revealed a great amount of endogamy: the fact that autorisation was necessary tells us as Decres wished to avoid mesalliancces. In the face of misbehaviour he wanted to preserve the honour of the corps, this aim was also evident in his tolerance of duelling. The officers, particulary the youngest, often showed insolence in their relations with the civilian population. These officers were very attached to the emperor as could be seen in their attitude to the cent jours. The national sentiment played a large role in this emotional attachment
Ségala, Solange. "L'activité des autorités administratives départementales des Bouches-du-Rhône de 1790 à 1792." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32004.
Full textThe Constituante confide the regulation of fiscal, electoral, public works and national poerty affairs in litigation to departmental administrations; this study of archives shows an administration protecting the rights of private persons, using largely his powers, even if in reality she distinguishes hardly the contentious and administrative activities. As for this latter, the department tries to rule the conflicts by conciliation : efficient for small municipal troubles, this "paternal administration" is revealed inadequate during the serious revolutionary agitation who attains the South. Paralyzed by his collegiality, losing an obedient police, depending on public opinion by his elective character, the administration is disavowes a first time by executive power who annuls, by a proclamation of Conseil d'Etat, somes of resolutions in 1791. Suspended by the legislative, members of the directoire are convoked to Paris in march 1792 in order to explain their inaction. But mean time the patriote will transfered by strength the administration from Aix to Marseille, putting her under the control of jacobin club
Dartevelle, Raymond. "La pastorale clandestine des évêques émigrés sur la frontière des Alpes du Sud (1795-1801)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010555.
Full textThe reconstitution of the missionnary organisation, reposes on three themes during the directory. 1. The functions of the bishops in the high alpine valleys, emigrated in fribourg (Swiss). The bishop of Gap was in charge of the administration of the clerical emigres in fribourg, and the bishop of embrun, of the formation of the missionnary clergy in the Jura and Franche-Comté. 2. The organisation of the missionnary space. The vicar generals were working, since 1792, to a real missionnary geopolitics. The analyse shows the preponderant role of the vicaire generals of Marseille, and their strategy to reconciliate, as perenniality of a missionnary tradition. 3. The pastoral of the frontier. The frontier-line with pPiémont shows the importance of the high valleys (suse) and the coming back of the priests, as the diffusion of religious books. All these reflexions lead to reconsider the notion of reorganisation during the pre-concordat, which was accomplished during the directory. The piety of the high alpine valleys seems to lastwell in this region, which has preserved religious traditions
Deblock, Michel. "Le clergé constitutionnel du département du Doubs pendant la Révolution ou l'utopie d'une religion républicaine." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA1020.
Full textThis study concerns the reactions of a relatively little group of the clergy in the Doubs diocese, who, in 1791, chose to accept the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. Up to now the historiography of these priests has been ecclesiastical, and often reactionary, stigmatizing those who swore the oath of november 1790, and in particular the former monks, who, as intrus, that is priests not recognised as canonical appointments, became the parish priests in the absence of the original incumbents. A wealth of documentation has enabled the writer to put the conflicting forces operating at the time back into their context, emphasising the religious and political actions of the clergy, as they attempted to reconcile their pastoral duties with certain revolutionary ideals. After the wave of resignations (abdications) of Year II we witness, in 1795, the birth of the National Church of Doubs, which tried to organise itself at the instigation of the “United Bishops in Paris”, ( les Evêques Réunis à Paris). This involved the setting up of a church council or presbytère, the election of a bishop and the reestablishment of a Church practice based on councils and diocesan synods. The Concordat of 1801 saw a new chapter of this adventure begin, with the authorities and archbishop Le Coz trying to bring the opposing clergies together. The project failed, as the constitutional clergy, under the pressure of an ultramontane hierarchy closely tied to the Bourbons, was forced to retract their oath of 1790. The utopia of a rapprochement between the religious sphere and the republican state was to disappear for a long time. We have associated the community of Quatre Terres to our study, as this area, of largely Lutheran persuasion, formed part of the territory of the Doubs. This study of a cohort of 823 individuals also lends itself to a prosopographical approach, permitting investigations in numerous fields and a statistical treatment of the issues involved. This naturally leads to a repertoire, which forms the second volume of the thesis
Rossi, Henri. "La comtesse de Boigne : recherches sur les mémoires féminins et aristocratiques de la Révolution à la monarchie de Juillet." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040096.
Full textAfter the Revolution of 1789, French aristocrats wrote many memoirs and diaries. Never before, there were so many autobiographic works. The women especially were attracted by this peripheric genre. The most part of them wrote their 'souvenirs'. These works are influenced by the preromantic sensibility, by the novels written in the eighteenth century, but also by the aristocratic tradition of memoirs, diaries, but also novels, women expressed the nostalgia of the time before the French Revolution, the 'Ancien Régime', this time where aristocracy had power, money and privileges. They expressed too the nostalgia of the 'salons' in which they were respected, adored. They lost that after the revolution. They tried to revive the worldliness that the nobility practised since the seventeenth century. But their attempt is a check. Aristocratic memoirs will not survive and the nobility will not find again its power, its influence. The worldliness will be in future the apanage of the romantic writers, the thinkers, Stendhal, Flaubert, Baudelaire. They will be the depositaries of the authentic worldliness
Duprat, Annie. ""Repique est Capet" : Louis XVI dans la caricature : naissance d'un langage politique." [Rouen] : [A. Duprat], 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35531932w.
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